Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bearing Capacity:
Bearing capacity is the ability of soil to safely carry the pressure from
any engineered structure placed upon it without undergoing a shear
failure and with the resulting settlements being tolerable for that
structure.
Nc’, Nq’ and Nγ’ are the modified bearing capacity equations
obtained by replacing the friction angle Φ by:
II-General Bearing-Capacity Equation:
In order to take account of many cases not considered by Terzaghi
such as rectangular shape, depth factor, ground and load inclination
factors, several authors have presented a more general form of bearing
capacity equations as follows:
The recommended bearing capacity factors for use are shown in table 3-2; the
shape ,depth and inclination factors recommended for use are given in table 3-3
3-3 Effect of water table
3-4 Net Ultimate Bearing Capacity
The net ultimate bearing capacity is defined as the ultimate pressure
per unit area of the foundation that can be supported by the soil in
excess of the pressure caused by the surrounding soil at the foundation
level. If the difference between the unit weight of concrete used in the
foundation and the unit weight of soil surrounding the foundation is
assumed to be negligible, then:
Solution:
using equ.(2) :
Solution:
with c = 0, Fci , Fqi & Fi = 1
(vertical loading),
qu = qNqFqsFqd +0.5γBNγs Fγs Fγd
where
Q : total vertical load
M: moment on the foundation
Meyerhof suggested “the effective area method” for a good estimate of
pressure distribution :it is a step by step procedure for determining qu:
and
(b)
Fig.3.4
3) Use the general bearing capacity equation to determine the
ultimate bearing capacity as:
Note that:
• replace B and L by B’ and L’ to compute Fcs, Fqs, and Fγs, (from
Table 3-3)
• Use B and L to determine Fcd, Fqd, and Fγd
5) FS = Qall /Q ;
When we determine the effective area (A’), effective width (B’), and
effective length (L’),four possible cases may arise (Highter and Anders,
1985). The effective area is such that its centroid coincides with the
load:
Fig.3.5
Fig.3.6
Fig.3.7
Fig3.8
Example 3.3
Example 3.4
A square foundation is shown in next Figure ,with eL = 0.3 m and eB =0.15 m.
Assume two-way eccentricity and determine the ultimate load, Qult.
Solution:
Implies to case II
Refer to fig.3.6
3.7BEARING CAPACITY FOR FOOTINGS
ON LAYERED SOILS
It may be necessary to place footings on stratified deposits where the
rupture zone will extend into the lower layer(s) depending on their
thickness and require some modification of qult
There are three general cases of the footing on a layered soil as
follows:
I. Footing on layered clays (all Φ=0)
a. Top layer stronger than lower layer (cu1 > cu2)
b. Top layer weaker than lower layer (cu1 < cu2)
Fig3.9
fig.3.10 fig.3.11
II. Footing on dense sand overlying soft clay:
i-) H/B is relatively small
For continuous footing:
A- sand:
B- Clay: