Piling & Enabling Works

SECTION 02255 (Alt-2)

SHORING WORKS (Diaphragm Wall)
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 GENERAL CONDITION
A. Read with the General Requirements section, and all other contract documents.
B. The proposed development comprises a 2 nos. of 4 basements, Ground floor,
Mezzanine floor, 12 similar floors, low level and upper level roof. The Contractor is to
note to take into account the existing site conditions such as roads, adjacent
buildings, underground services, etc.
C. Neither the Consultants nor the Client shall be responsible for the accuracy of the as-
built drawings or the implication should these be found later to be not accurate. The
Contractor is deemed to have visited the site for verifying the accuracy of these
drawings as necessary, and shall be responsible for the same and is deemed to have
allowed for the same.
D. The work under this Project shall include installation of diaphragm wall, installation
and excavation to the final formation level.
E. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the design, construction and
maintenance of shoring (temporary retention) system including dewatering system, so
as to be capable to support the excavation to final formation level as shown on the
drawings, with adequate factor of safety.
F. Upon completion of the works the Contractor shall handover the site including
monitoring instruments, past monitoring reports to the main contractor for his
continuation of works.
G. The Contractor shall take over the site in “as-is” condition and shall make allowance
in his tender for compliance with the requirements of the specification and drawings.
1.02 SCOPE
A. This section covers the requirements for the construction of the Shoring works using
Diaphragm wall type.
B. The diaphragm wall will be used solely to form embedded temporarily retaining walls
resisting principally horizontal loads.
C. Construction of solid reinforced concrete slurry wall including, but not necessary
limited to, the following items:
1. Pre-excavation of existing obstructions along line of slurry wall and backfilling
with appropriate materials. Excavation of starter trenches and installation of guide
walls.
2. Excavation of slurry filled slots.
3. Circulation and maintenance of bentonite slurry.
4. Placing all keyways and dowels as required for framing and additional sleeves
and anchorage assemblies as required for tiebacks or temporary bracing.
5. Placing concrete and reinforcing in the slurry filled slots as shown on the
Drawings.
6. Cleaning of interior face of wall by raking, brushing, and water jetting, as
excavation proceeds.
7. Cleaning and patching of all areas of voids, honeycombs, aggregate runs, and
pockets.
8. Clean up and removal of excavated soil, including removal of bentonite slurry
from site.
9. Grouting and sealing, as required, to render the wall watertight at construction
joints and other potential locations of leakage.
10. Cutting of all concrete bulges on the inside face beyond the specified tolerances.

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D. The slurry wall shall be founded on undisturbed soil strata capable of developing the
bearing capacity indicated on the Drawings. The depth of the slurry wall has been
estimated from the soil borings and some variation in the depth is to be anticipated.
E. During construction, the slurry wall is intended as a bulkhead to prevent the ground,
streets, utilities and other structures from damage due to loss of ground and
subsequent movements. The wall's reinforcement and strength shown on the
Drawings, are provided for the conditions imposed after completion of the slurry wall
and all connecting structural framing and slabs of the completed building. Temporary
loading conditions shall be verified and compensated for with increased wall
reinforcing and/or wall thickness by the Contractor.
F. In the completed building, the slurry wall is intended as a basement wall spanning
between floors to retain the surrounding earth, as well as to transmit the loads to a
suitable bearing strata. The inside face of the slurry wall shall be straight and free
from flaws and shall be watertight. The term “watertight” means that no running water
from the wall or formation of droplets on the wall surface shall be permitted and that
only formation of moist patches -- allowing water to evaporate from the surface will be
permitted.
1.03 RELATED SECTIONS
A. Read this work section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the other work
sections as follows:
1. Section 02315 - Excavation and Fill
2. Section 02245 - Cast-In-Place Bored Piles
3. Section 02495 - Instrumentation & Monitoring
4. Section 03100 - Concrete Form
5. Section 03200 - Concrete Reinforcement
6. Section 03300 - Cast-In-Place Concrete
1.04 STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

1. ASTM A615, “Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement”.
2. ASTM C33, “Specification for Concrete Aggregate”.
3. ASTM C150, “Specification for Portland Cement”.
4. ASTM D2166, “Test Methods for Unconfined Compressive Strength of
Cohesive Soil”.
5. ASTM D2216, “Method for laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture)
Content of Soil, Rock and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures.”

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1.05 QUALIFICATIONS
A. Contractor: Experienced specialty firm having a minimum of 5 years successful
experience installing Work of the same type required for this project. Employ only
skilled tradesmen who are thoroughly experienced with the materials and equipment
to be used.
B. Contractor’s Soil Consultant: The Contractor shall retain, at his own expense, the
services of a qualified Soils Consultant to advise him on all slurry wall construction
techniques involved in this Work, including the design, checking and approving of
slurry wall items pertinent to the Work, and construction methods for solution of
problems that may be encountered during the prosecution of the Work. The
Consultant shall be primarily concerned with construction methods that will result in a
finished slurry wall of the required quality and strength, and with methods that will
prevent water leakage, settlement and/or damage to surrounding structures, roads,
utilities, embankments, both within the property lines and on adjoining properties.
C. Owner’s Soils Consultant: The Owner shall retain, at his own expense, a Consultant
to conduct tests and inspections of soil conditions related to the slurry wall. The
Owner’s Soil Consultant shall be responsible for conducting and interpreting tests.
The inspections shall take the form of a full-time, continuous inspection of all
excavation and panel installation operations. In addition, the Consultant shall review
the construction methods, equipment, and other pertinent construction details as
furnished by the Contractor.
1.06 QUALITY CONTROL
A. Contractor's Responsibility to Facility Quality Control Testing and Inspection.
1. Furnish Owner's Soils Consultant with a complete set of design documents,
structural calculations, shop drawings for slurry wall panels and a complete
set of procedures/sequences for slurry wall installation.
2. Furnish specific notification, with at least one day's advance notice, for all
slurry wall fabrication and installation operations.
3. Furnish material samples and access as required for testing.
4. Furnish access and proper facilities, including scaffolding, temporary work
platforms, hoisting facilities, as required for inspection of all slurry wall
operations.
5. Furnish labor as required to facilitate testing and inspection of the Work.
6. Provide storage facilities for concrete test cylinders.
7. The Contractor will be responsible for all additional slurry wall inspection and
testing as a consequence of the Work a) not evidencing compliance with this
specification, b) performed with improper supervision, c) performed without
prior notice, or d) performed contrary to standard construction practice.
B. Owner's Concrete Testing Agency: The Owner will retain, at his own expense, a
testing agency to perform concrete quality control inspection and testing for the slurry
wall as required.
C. Regulatory Requirements: Comply with applicable requirements of the laws, codes,
ordinances and regulations of Federal, State and Municipal authorities having
jurisdiction. Obtain necessary approvals from all such authorities.

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D. Surveying:
1. Contractor shall engage a registered surveyor to perform surveys, layouts,
and measurements for Work. Conduct layout work to lines and levels
required and record actual measurements of horizontal location, bottom and
top elevations, deviations from required tolerances and other data required
for Work.
2. Contractor shall record and maintain information pertinent to work and
cooperate with Owner’s Soil Consultant to provide data for required slurry
wall reports.
3. Contractor shall install survey point at 50 ft. maximum spacing along top of
wall. Install at least 1 inclinometer along north, east and west sides of
excavation. Coordinate this work with Owner’s Soils Consultant to meet
regulatory requirements.
4. Contractor shall monitor survey points and inclinometers weekly during
excavation and submit results to Owner, Architect, Structural Engineer,
Owner’s Soils Consultant, and others designated by Owner.
1.07 TRADE PREAMBLES
A. Design
1. The indicative and conceptual design of the Shoring Works using diaphragm
wall to support the deepened excavation are indicated in the drawings,
together with the schematic strutting or ground anchor system indicated in
terms of the installation levels etc. Based on the information, engage a
qualified Professional Engineer (PE) with relevant experience to carry out the
following:
a. Design of the wall based on actual ground conditions to confirm the required
penetration length and size of all temporary or permanent strutting or ground
anchor elements and wailings for the diaphragm walls and ensure that the
required control on wall deflection can be achieved. The design shall
generally be in accordance with the conceptual design as far as possible, or
shall be enhancement to the same, so that eventually the basement structure
can be constructed with minimum obstruction etc.
b. Prepare a response plan in the event that the temporary or permanent
strutting elements do not perform as expected in the design, in controlling the
wall deflection, ground movement and vibration. Ensure the response plan is
feasible in considering the construction sequence and site restraints.
c. Prepare and submit all design, construction sequence, response plans
including drawings endorsed by the Contractor’s Professional Engineer (PE)
to the Engineer for review and approval by the authorities where applicable,
prior to construction. Allow at least three weeks, or more if specified
elsewhere, for the approval each time any documents are submitted.
2. Take into account of the design requirements as set out elsewhere in these
specifications.
3. Submit the CV of the PE to the Engineer for acceptance.
B. Building Damage Assessment
1. Carry out a Building Damage Assessment on the effects of ground movement
to the neighboring properties due to the works, for the purpose of establishing
suitable values for ‘Alert’ and “Work Suspension” levels for monitoring.
Submit to Engineer with endorsement from a PE.
2. Keep a copy of the Assessment Report on site for record and reference.

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C. Layout Drawings
1. Engage qualified and experienced personnel to prepare coordinated layout
drawings for the diaphragm wall panels.
2. Submit the drawings to Engineer for acceptance prior to commencing the
installation works.
D. Coordination with Other Works
1. Co-ordinate with other contractors who may carry out other works at the
same time at the site. Take into account site access, space occupation,
safety and safeguarding of adjoining properties and each other’s works.
E. Condition Survey
1. Where applicable, prior to and upon completion of the site works, carry out a
condition survey to adjacent buildings. Submit all records to the Engineer and
adjacent property owners where directed.
2. Keep a copy of the survey report on site ready for inspection.
F. Instrumentation and Monitoring
1. Provide instrumentation to monitor the ground movement, vibration and
condition of adjacent properties. Refer to the specification for Instrumentation
and Monitoring and the drawings for the schedule of instrumentation
required. If necessary or as required by the Authorities, propose and provide
additional instrumentation and monitoring for records.
2. Take cognizant of and co-ordinate with other contractors on site who may be
carrying out instrumentation and monitoring works to avoid duplication of
installation and readings.
G. Upholding of Adjoining Properties
1. Accept responsibility for the upholding of the adjoining buildings and roads,
footpaths etc., where applicable, together with the mains and services from
the time of taking possession of the site through the duration of the works to
validate readings.
2. Adequately maintain roads and footpaths within and adjacent to the site and
keep clear of mud and debris.
H. Verification of Site Information
1. Site Surveys and As-Built Drawings
a. Verify that the information given in the existing site survey plans provided are
accurate. If necessary, engage (at your own expenses) a registered Surveyor
to carry out additional site survey before commencing any work.
2. Additional site investigation
a. Carry out additional ground investigation where additional information is
needed for the works or when directed by the Engineer.
b. Carry out the boreholes progressively prior to commencement of the works in
areas according to the contractor’s construction programme. On completion
of drilling, backfill the boreholes with a suitable betonite/ cement mix.
c. Submit the location and schedule for the boreholes to Engineer’s acceptance
prior to carrying out the works. On completion, prepare the site investigation
report and submit to the Engineer for acceptance.

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3. Groundwater Level
a. Verify the data on groundwater level from available soil investigation reports.
4. Contamination
a. Verify information on contamination identified or believed to be present on
site.
b. In the event that contamination is either positively identified or suspected,
draw to the attention of all personnel working on site together with the need
to take any precautionary measures in handling contaminated materials,
groundwater and obnoxious vapors from the ground.

I. Existing Services Affected by the Works

1. Refer to existing services survey documents to protect any existing services
affected by the works.
J. Site Protection
1. Protect all equipment and working area using fencing or other methods as
accepted.
K. Obstructions
1. If any obstructions such as existing fences, structures, footings, boulders,
concrete blocks, pipes, drains, driveways or ramp are encountered during
excavation, submit proposals for their removal for the Engineer’s acceptance.
L. Supervision of the Works
1. Engage a competent and suitably experienced site engineer to the
Engineer’s acceptance, to supervise the field works.
M. Quality Control Plan
1. Submit and work to a quality control plan as agreed with the Engineer.
N. Safety
1. Provide safety precautions to comply with all current legislation and
regulations, notably:
a. Abu Dhabi Municipality Building Control Regulations
b. Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work Zone
c. Relevant Work Safety Act/Regulations
d. Safety management system for construction worksites.
e. BRE Digest 251 (1995) Assessment of damage in low rise building.
2. BS 8008: Guide to safety precautions and procedures for the construction
and descents of machine-bored shaft for piling and other purposes.

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PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
A. Concrete:
1. Proportion, mix and placed concrete materials in accordance with Concrete
Section 03300, except as modified in this Section.
2. Cement: ASTM C150, Type II.
3. Aggregate: Hard rock, ASTM C33.
4. Weight: 150 pounds per cubic foot.
5. Strength at 28 days: See Drawings.
B. Mild Steel Reinforcement:
1. ASTM A615.
2. Fabricate and place in accordance with Section 03200, except as modified in
this Section.
C. Stone Concrete for Placement by “Tremie Method” in Slurry: ASTM C94, having
coarse aggregates with a maximum size of ½-inch conforming to ASTM C33 Size 7,
with a minimum of 7 ½ bags of cement per cubic yard. Slump between 7-inches and
9-inches. Minimum design strength of 4,000 psi at 28 days.
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.01 INSPECTION
A. Examine areas and conditions under which Work is to occur. Notify Owner
immediately, in writing, of all condition detrimental to proper and timely completion of
Work.
B. Proceed with Work only after unsatisfactory conditions have been acceptably
remedied.
3.02 PREPARATION
A. Contractor shall establish:
1. Building layout lines.
2. Temporary bench marks.
3. Line and level of slurry wall panels.
B. Contractor shall be entirely responsible for, and shall bear the entire cost of correcting
all mislocated slurry wall panels or incorrect cutoff levels at top of slurry walls.
C. Locate Utilities:
1. Cooperate with others to locate utility lines, which might be cut or disturbed
during slurry wall construction.
2. Excavate pits near ends of lines to determine exact utility locations.
3. Review proposed Work with all utilities and arrange for removal, relocation, or
disconnecting and capping of all lines.
4. Contractor has entire responsibility for cost incurred because of damage to
utilities by its operations.

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D. Bracing and Shoring: Take every precaution and guard against movement or
settlement of the Work, adjacent property, utilities or improvements. Design and
provide bracing tiebacks or shoring necessary to guard against movement or
settlement. The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the strength and
adequacy of all tiebacks, bracing and shoring and for the safety and support of such
construction.
E. Before commencement of operations, and after final Shop Drawings have been
reviewed by the Architect, Structural Engineer and Owner’s Soils Consultant, arrange
for representatives responsible for field procedures to meet with Architect, Structural
Engineer, Contractor and Owner’s Soils Consultant and Concrete Testing Agency to
finalize all procedures relating to slurry wall construction.

3.03 INSTALLATION
A. Panel excavation equipment shall be capable of excavating slots to the required
widths and depths. Equipment shall provide for continuous excavation through all
materials encountered.
B. Provide a stable suspension of powdered bentonite in water that is adequate to
support the trench sides during excavation. The slurry shall not produce adverse
effects on the tremie concrete in setting time, density or strength. Density of the slurry
shall prevent the formation of excessive caking.
C. The excavation shall be filled with a stable suspension of bentonite slurry at all times
and excavating operations shall proceed through the slurry. Slurry shall be added, as
required, to maintain its top level as excavation operations proceed. The slurry shall
be continuously circulated and cleaned to remove excavated material. The slurry
shall be contained at all times to prevent leakage and seepage into vaults,
basements, utilities and pits. Desanding equipment shall be required in the slurry
cleaning operations.
D. The panel width of the wall shall result in a stable excavation condition and be such
as to produce a monolithic wall with continuous concrete pouring.
E. The vertical joints formed in the wall panels shall be interlocking and watertight. The
joints shall be completely cleaned to establish good contact bond between adjacent
surfaces.

3.04 TOLERANCES
A. Concrete Surfaces: The plumb, alignment, and building of the inside face of the wall
shall be limited to a lateral dimension of 50mm from the theoretical face at any point.
All excess material shall be chipped at the Contractor’s expense. The total out-of-
plumb from the top of the wall to the bottom shall not exceed 1% of the height at any
point in the wall.
B. Reinforcing Steel: Accurately locate and secure in place before, and during,
placement of concrete. Add steel and spacers necessary to maintain the shape and
location of reinforcing cages. Concrete skid spacers shall be provided on either side
of the cage in order to hold the reinforcing away from the sides of the trench. The
tolerance in placing the reinforcing steel shall be limited to +/- 25mm in a direction
normal to the wall.
C. Steel Plates, Keyways and Dowels: Provide for framing members a shown on the
Drawings. The location and tolerances for plates, keyways and dowels shall not
exceed +/- 25mm in both vertical and horizontal directions.

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3.05 PLACING CONCRETE

a. Cleaning: Before placing concrete in the slurry filled trench, the joints of the next
panels shall be thoroughly cleaned to obtain watertight bond. All loose debris shall be
removed by a large capacity airlift system. Concreting shall not start until the Owner’s
Soil Consultant has verified the required bearing capacity, cleanliness, and levelness
of the bottom.
b. Placement: Place concrete in the slurry-filled trench by the tremie method, in such a
manner that the concrete displaces the slurry from bottom and rises in such a manner
that mixing of concrete with the slurry does not occur. The concrete shall be placed
through a top metal hopper and into a rigid leak proof tremie pipe, sufficiently large
enough to permit free flow of concrete. Initially, there shall be a suitable plug at the
bottom of the tremie pipe, which will not discharge concrete until the concrete head
has at least reached the top level of the slurry.
Alternatively, a “pig” or “rabbit” can be placed in the tremie pipe, on top of the slurry,
after the pipe has been set on the trench bottom. The “pig” separates the concrete
from the slurry. The pipe should be filled with enough concrete before lifting off the
bottom to release the “pig”. Thereafter, a positive concrete head will be maintained
throughout. The bottom of the tremie pipe shall remain in the concrete at least 5 feet
and this depth shall be maintained throughout.
The number of tremie pipes in each trench shall be determined from the requirement
that the concrete level shall be kept horizontal during the pouring operations. No
horizontal movement of the tremie shall be permitted. When the concrete approaches
the top of the slurry wall, dowels shall be set for the required construction above the
wall. The concreting of the panels shall proceed continuously to the top of the guide
walls to produce a monolithic wall. Cold joints, should they occur, will have to be
rendered watertight by grouting or some other means.
c. Joint Pipe Removal: The withdrawal of panel joint pipes used at the ends of the
trench, shall be accomplished before the initial setting of concrete and before any
damage to the concrete is likely to occur. The concrete mix at the time of design shall
be checked for setting time, and retarders added if required to delay the setting time.
Unless retarders are added, the panel joint pipes shall be withdrawn no later than 45
minutes from the time of placing of concrete. Controlled, hydraulic jacking of end
pipes may be required.

3.06 SLURRY WALL CLEANING

a. During earthwork excavation and after the placement of the slurry wall, clean the
interior wall face using rakes, brushes, or air and water jetting to remove all bentonite
caking and film materials. During this operation, chip out all interior face wall bulges
to within the stated tolerances. Structurally patch all voids, honeycombed areas, and
areas of exposed reinforcing bars, to provide the required coverage for reinforcing,
and full wall thickness as indicated. Clean all keyways and embedment items, and
bring wall dowels to their final conditions. Provide internal and external methods of
sealing of the wall to the watertight condition, as previously indicated for all areas
indicated wall leakage including but not limited to: panel joints, wall penetrations,
locations of temporary tieback system.

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3.07 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Representative of slurry wall foundation system installer, qualified to control field
practices, shall be available at all times for detailed control of procedures and quality.
B. Field Quality Control Testing by Owner’s Soils Consultant and Concrete Testing
Agency:
1. Concrete: Sample and test concrete during placement in accordance with
Section03300.
2. Panel Installation: Provide full time visual inspection of all panel excavation
operations including verification of slurry densities, slurry cleaning operations,
final panel bottom elevation, final panel cleaning at bottom and at joints, final
panel top elevation, variations in wall location, and variation from plumb.
3. Soil Bearing Capacity: At the completion of the panel excavation, test and
verify the required soil bearing capacity at the panel bottom. Owner’s Soils
Consultant will interpret the tests and determine if additional excavation depth
is required to achieve the required soils bearing capacity.

3.08 DISPOSAL OF SPOIL

Clean and remove water, excavated soil, and bentonite slurry from site. Dispose of these
materials in a manner to avoid endangering public health, property and portions of work under
construction or completed. Comply with applicable requirements of the laws, codes,
ordinances and regulations of Federal, State and Municipal authorities having jurisdiction.
Obtain necessary permits and approvals from all such authorities.

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