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Footing Design: How to Check the Shear Capacity per ACI

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Footing Design: How to Check the Shear
Capacity per ACI 318

By: Javier Encinas, PE | August 14, 2017 Recent Posts

The foundation is that part of the structure that transfers

Footing
the loads to the supporting soil in such a way that the
Design: How
resulting bearing pressures are kept under acceptable
to Check the
limits. If the underlying soil is satisfactory, then a spread
Shear
footing is usually the recommended solution by the soils
Capacity per
engineer.
ACI 318
In addition to the stability checks and the design for August 14,
flexure, a spread footing needs to be designed for shear. 2017
This blog post discusses the shear checks required by ACI
318. Our software ASDIP FOUNDATION will be used to Cantilever

support our discussion. Retaining

Walls: How
to Calculate
What are the shear checks required by the ACI the Bearing
318 ? Pressure July
25, 2017
Per ACI 318, two separate shear checks are required:
How to
One check recognizes that the footing may fail in shear Design
as a wide beam along a critical section at a distance d Spread
 from the column face in each direction. This is called Footings
“beam shear” or “one-way shear” as it resembles the Using ASDIP
shear check in a concrete beam. FOUNDATION
July 12, 2017
The second check considers that the column may
penetrate, or punch, the footing. This is called “punching Combined
shear” or “two-way shear” and occurs not along a straight Footings:
plane, but along a 3D plane at a distance d/2 all around How to
the column, being “d” the effective depth of the rebars Calculate
from the extreme compression fiber. the Bearing
Pressures
The two checks include the calculation of the concrete
June 27,
shear strength, the calculation of the shear acting at the
2017
critical plane described above, and then the comparison
of both. Usually the shear strength is provided by the
Anchor
concrete only, otherwise a special and expensive shear
Rods: How
reinforcement would be necessary. The footing thickness
to Calculate
could be affected by the controlling check. The figure
the Tension
below shows schematically the critical sections for shear.
Breakout
Capacity
June 14, 2017

How do you calculate the one-way shear?

The first step is to calculate the bearing pressures under Archive Blog
the action of the factored loads. The one-way shear is then
the volume of the bearing pressure under the colored Selector
strip in the figure above. If the pressures are uniform this
calculation is quite simple. Consider now the case of a Select Month
biaxial footing in partial bearing. In this case the shape of
the volume of the resulting pressures is irregular and
much harder to calculate.
Categories
ASDIP FOUNDATION uses an algorithm based on triple
integrals of the type V = ∫∫∫dV to find the volume of these
solids, and therefore the shear forces in the footing. The Anchor Rods
pictures below show the factored shear forces of a typical
footing under biaxial bending as a result of partial Foundation

bearing. Note the lighter hatch representing the effective Design

shear areas in both directions, and the values of the

Project
bearing pressures at the corners.
Manager

Retaining
 Wall Design

Structural
Concrete
Design

Structural
What are the factors affecting the punching Steel Design
shear?

Punching shear is produced directly by the forces and

moments acting on the column. For the simple case of a
concentric footing with a downward load, the punching
Subscribe
shear can easily be calculated as the volume of the
bearing pressures on the critical area around the column. to our
However, in the presence of overturning moments the
Blog!
calculation may become very cumbersome since the
shear is no longer uniform along the critical section.
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This is similar to the case of an elevated flat plate email
supported by a column, where the unbalanced moments notifications
will produce a shear at the slab-column junction. The
of new blog
factored shear stress on the critical section is the sum of
the direct shear and the shear caused by moment posts.
transfer, as shown in the figure below.

Email
In this expression γv is the fraction of the moment being
transferred by shear and J is the polar moment of inertia
of the critical section. A third term may be added for the SUBSCRIBE
moment in the other direction. Since both Vu and Mu are
involved, it’s better to compare the punching shear to the
shear strength in terms of stress, rather than force or
moment.

How do you calculate the footing shear strength?

The concrete shear strength in one-way action is defined

by the expression φVc = φ2√f’c bd, where b is the footing
dimension under consideration. On the other hand, the
punching shear strength depends of the column location
on the footing, either interior, edge or corner, per the
expression φVc = φ Min(2+4/β, αs d/bo+2, 4) √f’c, where β is
the column aspect ratio and αs is the column location
factor.

ASDIP FOUNDATION calculates the one-way shear and

the punching shear as described above and compares
them to the corresponding calculated shear strengths.
The figure below shows the typical punching shear
calculations reported by the program for the controlling
load combination.

Takeaway
Footing design includes two shear checks per ACI
318: One-way shear, and Punching shear. The shear
strength is usually provided by concrete alone in
order to avoid expensive shear reinforcement,
therefore shear could control the footing thickness.

For an overview of the footing design process, please refer

to my blog post Spread Footings Under Biaxial Bending –
A Complex Design Subject.

Detailed information is available about this structural

engineering software by visiting ASDIP FOUNDATION. You
are invited to download a Free 15-Day Software Trial or go
ahead and Place Your Order.

DOWNLOAD PURCHASE
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TRIAL LICENSE

By Javier Encinas, PE | August 14th, 2017 | Categories:

Foundation Design | Tags: Foundation Design, spread
footing | 0 Comments
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