FLORICULTURE CULTIVATION

 Types of Flowers Grown in that Area:

 Orchid : The beauty, complexity and incredible diversity of orchid
flowers are unrivalled in the plant world. These exotic beauties
comprises the largest family of flowering plants on earth, with over
30,000 different species, and atleast 200,000 hybrids. Orchids can be
found the equatorial tropics, the arctic tundra, and everywhere in
between. The reason for the diversity lies in the orchid’s amazing
ability to adapt to its given environment. With so many different
orchids varieties that thrive in so many different growing conditions,
it is relatively easy to find an orchid that is well suited to the
condition that you can provide-whether it is a kitchen window or a
full size green house.Most cultivated orchids are native to the tropics.
In their natural habitat, they attach themselves to the bark of trees,
or the surface of other plants. Their thick, white roots are specially
adapted to the absorb moisture and dissolve nutrients. Because these
torpical orchids usually grow high in the trees, prefer a twelve hour
day, all year round and require a high intensity of light about the
same as midst summer conditions in temperature regions.
 Rangpur Lime (Citrus) : (The Latin Citrus rediculate or soh
sohniamtra in khasi) is a little bigger than a tennis ball in size and
bright orange in clour. It is distinguished from other mandarins by its
tight and smooth skin. Unlike other mandarins, it is not easy to peel
but has more flesh and juice. Once peepled and cut, it released ti
sweets, aromatic juice which makes the khasi mandarin a favourite
amongst all citrus fruit. The low altitudes are favourables as they
provided a hotter climate to develop the seetest fruits for the trees.
Interestingly, the flowers of these terroir bound orange trees also
 provide sweet nectar for local bees, which explains why the honey is
most famous and popular from these areas. Both orange and honey
production have long been sustainable livelihood of the Khasi and
Jaintia people.
Typically harvested between November and late February, and
sometimes even until April, farmers carves a specific tool out of
bamboo wood called a pro, or fork in English for collecting the
mandarins. This simple yet handily instrument consists of a stick too
which a basket with “Fingers” is attached. This allows the farmers to
gently pick the fruit from the tree into the baskets, rather than
spoiling it by letting it fall to the ground from the high trees.
 Gerbera Daisy Flower : it is a genus o plants in the Asteraceae (daisy
family). It was named in honour of German botanist and medical
doctor Traugott Gerber (1710-1743) who travelled extensively in
Russia and was a friend of Carl Linnaeus.
Gerbera is native to tropical regions of South America, Africa and
Asia. The first scientific description of a Gerbera was made by J.D.
Hooker in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine in 1889 when the described
Gerbers Jamesonii, a South African species also known as Transvall
daisy or Barberton daisy. Gerbera is also commonly known as the
African daisy.
Gerbera species bear a large capitalism with striking, two –lipped ray
florets in yellow, orange, white, pin or red colours. The capitalism,
which has the appearance of a single flower, is actually composed of
hundreds of individual flowers. The morphology of the flowers varies
depending on their position in the capitulum. The flower heads can be
as small as 7 cm (Gerbera mini ‘Harley’) in diameter or up to 12 cm
(Gerbera ‘Golden Serena’).
Gerbera is very popular and widely used as a decorative garden plant
or as cut flowers. The domesticated cultivars are mostly a result a
 cross between Gerbera Jamesonii and another South African species
Gerbera virid folio. The cross is known as Gerbera hybrid. Thousands
of cultivars exist. They vary greatly in shape and size. Colours
include white, yellow, orange, red and pink. The centre of the flower
is sometimes black. Often the same flowers can have petals of several
different colours.
Gerbera is also important commercially. It is the fifth most used cut
flower in the world (After rose, carnation, chrysanthemium, and
tulip). It is also used as a model organism in studying flower
formation.
 Methods and process Applied for Flower Cultivation :
In the poly house, we observed methods and processes and used by the
workers to supply nutrition to the flowers such as the soluble water,
nutrients, food for the plants. the materials used for preparing nutrients are
mentioned below:-
 Inspects Trapping Methods in the Poly House
1. The Light Trap : This is a light trap, which they keep it on the
evening. The bad insects about 40 of them comes out at night,
which get attracted to the light and hovers in and near the bulb
and gets trapped in the shampoo soluble water. This technique is
newly introduced which is very helpful to trap the bad insects.
2. The Sticky Paper : This technique is used to trap the isnects inside
the polyhouse. The paper attracts the insects by its fragrances,
when the isnects approaches the sticky paper it gets stuck to the
paper.
 CHAPTER 3

Findings and Conclusion

As I came to the end of my project I would like to mention that the agriculture
field was about 7 acres of land and they have 3 five workers on the fields. The poly
house was warmer inside it was average which suited the plants planted inside the
poly house. They used various techniques to plant the flower and protect them
from insects harm. As Meghalaya is rich in agriculture, the business of poly house
benefits in vast number. They earned about 24,000 every month.

However, the above mentioned conclusion portraits the entire view of the
agricultural field of Umsning.