MINISTRY OF AVIATION D*T.

D,560
April, I949
Reprinted September, 1964
Aircraft Material Specification Incorporating Amendment NO. I
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RUBBER PARTS FOR%USEWITH AVIATION FUEL

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NOTE 1.-This specification is one of a series issued b j the Ministty of Aviation either to meet a limited require-
ment not covered by any existing'British Standard, or to serve as a basis for inspection of materials, the properties
and uses of which are not sufficiently developed io warrant submission to the British Standards Institution for
standardisat ion.
NOTE 2.-This specuication is intended to cover the general properties of rubber materials resistant to aviation
fuels having aromatic hydrocarbon content of up to 35 per cent., but not containing special additives.
Materiais in four different hardness ranges (Grades A, B, C and D), each of which may be supplied in any
of three qualities (P, Q and R) having different degrees of fuel resistance are covered by this specification.
The grade and quality needed must, therefore, be quoted on the order or relevant drawipgs so that a full
statement of requirements will for example read:-Rubber to Specification No. D.T.D. Grade A, BO,
Quality Q. * e
NOTE 3.-This specification is not intended to cover fabric reinforced mouldings made from rubber-proofed
fabric, in which thejàbric forins the niajor part of the moulding. it does, however, cover those mouldings in which
the fabric reinforcenient does not form the bulk of the moulding.
NOTE 4.-Except where otherwise stated the methods of testing shall be described in British Standard No. 903,
Methods of Testing Vulcanised Rubber.

Section 1. General Requirements.

Section 2. Type Approval of Rubber Compound.
Section 3. Routine Inspection.
SECTION 1
General Requirements
1. Description.-The parts shall be made from compounded natural or synthetic rubber or rubberlike
material (micanised, if necessary) which has been type approved in accordance with Section 2. The com-
pounded material may be moulded or extruded, and may be reinforced with fabric or other fibrous material,
at the option of the Manufacturer and with the approval of the Purchaser.
2. Dimensions.-The dimensions and tolerances of the parts shall be as quoted on the relevant drawings.
3. Freedom from Defects.-The parts shall be free from surface markings, bubbles, cuts, and other visible
defects likely to impair their usefulness or life.
SECTION 2
9
Type approval of Rubber Compound
4. Type Approval.-Before any particular Manufacturer's rubber compound is approved and acceptable
for the production of parts complying with this specification, the Manufacturer must satisfy the Director of
Chemical Inspection, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, S.E.18, that it will meet the appropriate requirements specified
in Table 1.
(In certain c a s it may not be considered neccssary to subject the material for compliance with the
requirements of' B and D in Table 1 before type approval is given.)
5. Test Simples.-When applying for approval the Manufacturer shall forward two square feet of sheet
rubber material (in pieces 4 inch thick and not less than 6 inches square, without fabric reinforcement) to the
Director of Chemical Inspection, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. S.E.18.The test sheets shall be produced from the
same rubber compound cured under the same conditions as will be used later for the manufacture of finished
parts.
At the same time as application for approval is made, the Manufacturer shall supply. in duplicate, a
list of the compounding ingredients used in the mix. This information will be treated as confidential.
6. Tests.-The tests listed in Table 1 shall be carried out to the satisfaction of the Inspector on test pieces
cut from the samples specified in Clause 5.
The properties of the material, when determined by the method described in the relevant appendix, shall
comply with the requirements also listed in Table I.
SECTION 3
Routine Inspection
7 . Routine ínspection.-(a) Two parts of each design made from each batch of compounded material
shall be selected by the Inspector to represent all the parts of the same design made from the same batch of
compounded material. Should any part be too large to test. a representative section of it of suitable size may
be tested instead.
The samples shall be submitted to the tests referred to at K in Table 1, and shall comply with the require-
ments stated therein.
(6) A sample from each batch of compounded and cured material shall be taken and tested for compliance
with the requirements of F in Table I.

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 - DEF DTD-560
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7 D.T.D. 560

(The frequency of the tests in clauses (a) and (b) above may be modified at the discretion of the Director of
Chemical Inspection).
(c) A sheet sample of rubber, similar to that referred to in Clause 5 , shall be prepared periodically, at a
frequency to be decided by the Director of Chemical Inspection, depending upon the number, nature and
size of the parts being manufactured, and the degree of variability found in production, for submission to the
tests at A, E, F, G , H, I, J and K in Table 1. (It is intended that, if practicable, at least one batch in every
ten shall be tested in this way).
( d ) The Director of Chemical Inspection may, at his option, call for any of the tests specified in Table I
to be repeated at any time.
8. Release Notes.-The Manufacturer must state on each Release Note that the parts have been made
from a material identical in all respects with that previously tested and approved in accordance with Section 2.

APPENDIX r
Method for the Determination of Chloride and Sulphate Content
Five grams of the material, cut into cubes with & in. sides, or squares with & in. sides if the thickness is less
than & in. shall be boiled for 1 hour in 100 ml. distilled water in a chemically resistantglau flask fitted with a
reflux condenser. After cooling, the chloride and sulphate contents shall be determined by the usual methods,
and calculated as percentage of CI and SO4 respectively on the original weight of m a t h a l extracted.
APPENDIX II
Method for the Determination of Neutraiity
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Five grams of the material, cut into cubes, with & in. sides, or squares with & in. sides if the thickness is
+
less than in. shall be boiled for 1 hour in 100 ml. of carbon dioxide free distilled water in a chemically resistant
glass flask fitted with a reflux condenser having a ground glass connection. After cooling in a manner which
will prevent ingress of carbon dioxide, the solution shall be made up (if necessary) to 100 ml. by the addition
of cold unbuffered carbon dioxide free distilled water.
50 ml. of this solution shall be taken and a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution added. If a
red colour appears, the solution shall be titrated with N/lOû hydrochloric acid until the red colour is destroyed.
The alkalinity shall then be calculated as the percentage of KOH on the weight of material extracted.
If no red colour appears when the phenolphthalein is added, a few drops of bromo-cresol green indicator
solution shall also be added. If the solution does not turn definitely blue, the material shall be regarded as
too acid for acceptance.*
APPENDIX III
Method for the Determination of Freedom from Corrosive Sulphur
A strip of mechanically polished pure copper foil, approximately 0.5 inch in width and 3 inches in length,
shall be taken, and cleaned and polished by means of a pad of cotton wool and No 150 carborundum powder,
and shall then be rubbed with successive pads of cotton wool until such time as a fresh pad remains unsoiled
after having been rubbed on the foil. It shall finally be washed with a volatile, sulphur-free solvent, such as
ethyl ether, and allowed to dry. Subsequent handling of the strip shall be with clean metal forceps.
B A sample of the rubber material weighing five grams shall be cut into cubes with & in. sides. or squares
with i in. sides if the thickness is less than & in. completely immersed together with the copper test strip in
approximately 100 ml. of the standard rubber test fuel in a loosely-stoppered, clean glass vessel. The vessel
and its contents shall be maintained at a temperature of 40°C. & 1°C. for 5 hours. The strip shalt then be
removed, washed with sulphur-free acetone, and compared with a similar strip of freshly polished copper.
A blank determination shall be run using a duplicate sample of fuel but no rubber in order to confirm that
the fuel itself is free from contamhation with corrosive sulphur.
The standard rubber test fuel consists of a mixture of 35 parts by volume of pure toluole (BS. 805 Grade A)
and 65 parts by volume of pure iso-octane (2-2-4 trimethyl pentane) of Institute of Petroleum knock rating
quality.
APPENDIX IV
Method for the Determination of Long Tenn Fuel Resistance
A test piece (approximately 2 inches x I inch) cut from a sheet of the material shall be taken and com-
pletely immersed in 20 to 25 times its own volume of the standard rubber test fuel (see Appendix III) contained
in a vessel having a tightly fitting ground glass stopper, and maintained in the dark at a temperature of 40%
f 1°C.
After immersion for a period of 80 days, the sample shall be removed from the fuel and subjected to
gentle handling, bending, and rubbing, to detect whether there are any signs of disintegration.
APPENDIX V
Method for the Determination of Phosphate Content
Weigh out a Ig. sample of the finely divided rubber into a Kjeldahl flask and add 20-25 ml. of concen-
trated sulphuric acid. Digest over a small Rame until the rubber has completely disintegrated and a brown
fluid remains. Cool and add. cautiously, 5 ml:of concentrated nitric acid. Heat gently until the liquid becomes
a paie straw colour and evaporate to thick white fumes. (A second addition of nitric acid may be necessary
to decolorize the liquid sufficiently).

It is pointed out that a minimum pH value of about 4.8 i s intended. If any doubt exists as to \chat constitutes a diiiinct
blue colour, lhe soluiion under tesi shall be compared Hith brornecresol green indicator solution in a buffer solution of the
required pH.

Copyright British Defence Standards Order Number: W2050608

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 DEF DTD-560 ** H lb24241 0363688 O i ¡

3 D.T.D. 560

Cool, dilute cautiously with water to a volume of 50-70 ml. and nearly neutralize with solid sodium car-
bonate. Make up to 100 ml. in a measuring flask.
Determine the phosphate content of this solution colorimetically, and calculate as percentage of PO4 on
the original weight of material taken.

APPENDIX V I
Method for the Determination of Resistance to Tropical Ageing
Four dumb-bells cut from the test sheet shall be suspended for twenty-eight days in a cabinet through
which air is continuously circulated at not less than 95 per cent. relative humidity and at a temperature of
40°C. f 1°C. After removal from the cabinet they shall be heated to 55°C. f 1°C. for half an hour, allowed
t o cool t o room temperature, and their tensile strengths determined on the same day. For comparison the
tensile strengths of four unaged dumb-bells shall be determined after they have been similarly heated to 55°C.
and allowed to cool.

APPENDIX VI1 - *
Method for the Determination of Resistance to Accelerated Ageing
Four dumb-bells cut from the test sheet shall be aged in an oven for 168 hours as described in B.S. 903-
latest issue. At the conclusion of the ageing period the specimens shall be removed from the oven and sus-
pended for 24 hours at a temperature of 15°C. to 20"C., shielded from direct sunlight, and the tensile strengths
determined.

APPENDIX VI11
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Method for the Determination of Resistance to Swelling in Fuels

A sample component, or test piece (approximately 2 inches x 1 inch) cut from a sheet of material shall
be taken. It shall be weighed in air to the nearest 1 ing. (Wl), then in distilled water at a temperature of 20°C.
f 2°C. to the nearest 1 mg. (W2), and then dipped quickly into ethyl alcohol and blotted with dry filter paper,
The sample shall next be immersed completely in 20 to 25 times its own volume of the standard rubber
test fuel (see Appendix III) contained in a bottle having a tight fitting ground glass stopper, and the whole
maintained at a temperature of 40°C. & 1"C., for 48 hours in the absence of light.
At the end of this period the sample shall be removed from the hot fuel, cooled to room temperature by
immersion for 30 minutes in a fresh portion of the same test fuel at room temperature, and then removed from
the fuel, dipped in ethyl alcohol, blotted with dry filter paper, and placed in a tared weighing bottle and weighed
(W3). After weighing it shall be removed from the weighing bottle and immediately weighed in distilled water
at a temperature of 20°C. f 2°C. (W4). The time taken for each transference in the above cycle shall not
exceed 30 seconds.
The percentage change in volume after fuel immersion shall be calculated from the formula:-
(W3-W4)-(Wl-W2)
x loo.
(Wl-W2)
The samples from the above test shall then be 'dried' at a temperature of 100°C. to 105°C. for 18 hours,
cooled to room temperature, and reweighed in air (W5) and in distilled water at a temperature of 20°C. f
2°C. (W6).
The percentage change in volume after immersion and 'drying' shall then be calculated from the formula:-
(W5-W6)-(W 1-W2)
x 100.
(Wl-W2)

APPENDIX IX
Method for the Determination of Resistance to Low Temperature
A strip of sheet material, 6 inches x 1 inch, shall be immersed in the standard rubber test fuel (see Appen-
dix III) in a closed glass container for 48 hours at room temperature. If swollen, it shall then be recut to 6
inches x 1 inch, and fixed in two grips so that the specimen lies in one plane with 5 inches exposed between
the grips.
The clamped specimen shall be placed vertically in a vessel about 3 inches diameter containing the standard
rubber test fuel maintained at a temperature of minus 60°C. f 2°C. by means of solid carbon dioxide, so
that the sample is completely immersed. After remaining for 30 minutes in the fuel the distance between the
grips shall be reduced by 1 inch in 20 seconds, by moving one grip directly towards the other and in the same
plane. The test piece shall then be examined visually for cracks.
A suitable apparatus is shown in Figure I. It consists of a back plate carrying two clamps fixed to an
end stop and a sliding plunger respectively. The plunger carries a head, and a pointer moving over a scale
graduated in inches, which is fixed to the back plate so that the pointer is at zero when the undistorted sample
is clamped in position.
Copyright British Defence Standards Order Number: W2050608
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 D.T.D. 560

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FIG.1. APPARATUS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE TESTS.

Approved for issue:

E. W. RUSSELL,

Director of Material and Structures Research and Development

Crown Copyright Reserved

Printed in England by Willsons (Printers) Ltd., Leicester
and published by
H E R M A J E S T Y ' SS T A T I O N E R
OYF F I C E '
Price Is. 3d. net

Wt. 3042 D7738 KZ 11/64 W.P.L. 45s 70-9999

Copyright British Defence Standards Order Number: W2050608

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Copyright British Defence Standards Order Number: W2050608

Provided by IHS Markit under license with MODUK Sold to:LEADER VALVES LTD [211258100001] - H.S.SYAL@GMAIL.COM,
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