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Assignment 01
Take Home Assignment 01
a.)
111175
933870 (1%)
(4%)
2045620
(9%)
Sinhalese
Indian Tamil
Other
16654015
(75%)
According to the 2016 data, Sri Lankan population consists of four major ethnic groups as Sinhalese, Sri
Lankan Tamil, Sri Lankan Moors, Indian Tamil and other groups.
Figure 1 shows that the majority (75%) of the population is Sinhalese. Sri Lankan Tamil, Sri Lankan Moors,
Indian Tamil and other groups are have contributed 11%, 9%, 4.2% and 1% respectively indicated in the
Figure 1.
The Sinhalese are 7 times the population of Sri Lankan Tamils, 8 times the population of Sri Lankan Moors,
18 times the population of Indian Tamils and 150 times the population of other ethnic groups.
It shows that Sri Lankan Tamil and Sri Lankan Moors are having considerably larger portion of Sri Lankan
population compared to Sri Lankan Tamils.
b.)
10
Millions Male Female
9
8
7
POPOLATION
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0-14 years 15-24 years 25-54 years 55-64 years 65 years and over
AGE GROUP
49%
51% 51%
49% 51% 54%
49% 46%
Male Female
According to the Figure 02, the majority of the Sri Lankan population are between 25-54 age range and
that is 42% of the total population.
The composition of male and female in each age group is indicated in Figure 02 and Figures 02.a to 02.e.
The statistics data of 2016 shows that at birth, the male births are slightly higher than the females and
with the age goes high female composition in the population has increased. This implies that the life
expectancy of females are higher than males.
From the birth to age group of 15-24 years, the male to female ratio has kept almost a constant. So after
25 years, female population of Sri Lanka has overcome the male population and by the age after 65, it
shows a 1.36 ratio between male and female.
So it is evident that the majority of Sri Lankan elders are females and the majority of Sri Lankan youth are
men in the year of 2016.
c.)
0.95
Growth Rate (%)
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
2009
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Year
Figure 3. Population growth rate in last 15 years
As shown in the Figure 03, the population growth rate values have been fluctuating up and down over the
past 15 years in Sri Lanka. The maximum recorded growth rate is 0.98% in the year 2007 and the minimum
value recorded is 0.78% in 2006 respectively.
Figure 03 shows a steady reduction of the population growth rate from year 2000 to 2006 and then a
significant. The variation between that two years is the highest rate of change in the growth rate in the
past 15 years and it is a 0.2% difference.
The mean population growth rate for last 15 years is 0.87% and 7 years out of total 15 years have growth
rates below the average growth rate.
d.)
8
20
Real GDP Growth Rate (%)
2
10
0
5
-2
-4 0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Year
Figure 4. Real GDP growth rate and inflation rate in last 15 year
The relation between Real GDP growth rate of a country and the Inflation rate generally has an inversely
proportional relationship. It can be seen in the Figure 4, as when the real GDP growth has fluctuated up
and down, the Inflation rate has been fluctuated down and up.
During the past 15 years, the highest DGP growth rate and the highest inflation rates are 9.1% at 2010
and 22.6% in 2008 respectively.
The average real GDP growth rate of past 15 years is 5.7 % and the average inflation rate is 9.2. The highest
rate of change of real GDP growth rate has occurred is 7.1%, between years 2000 and 2001. The highest
rate of change of the inflation rate is 19.6%, between 2008 and 2009.
Q2. Problem 2
-3 -1 1 3 -3 -1 1 3
Figure 5.1 Normal Approximation of Investment A Figure 5.2 Normal Approximation of Investment B
In comparison between the Investment option A and Investment option B, Investment A has higher mean,
mode and median values (central tendency parameters) than the Investment B. Which indecates the
Investment A has higher returns that the Investment B.
Also the Investment A has a shape of positively skewedness, while Investment B has a negatively
skewdness. But when it compares the variance of two distributions, the Variance of Investment A is very
high than the Variance of Investment B.
Which imples the returns of Investment of A tends to vary a lot while Investment B has comparatively
steady return. Also the Coefficient of Varience of Investment A is twice as it is of Investment B.
So it is recommended to select the Investment B due to lack of variance and steadyness of returns (low
risk).
Q3. Problem 3
Urban
80,000
60,000
40,000 Mean
20,000 Median
Estate Rural
Western
70,000
60,000 Mean
Sabaragamuwa Central
50,000
Median
40,000
30,000
20,000
Uva 10,000 Southern
0
Puttalam Matara
Kurunegala Hambantota
Trincomalee Jaffna
Ampara Mannar
Batticaloa Vavunia
Kilinochchi Mullaitivu Figure 06.3 Monthly Household
Income – District Distribution
Figures 06.1, 2 and 3 shows the diversification of monthly household income of Sri Lankan families in
different categories.
According to the Table 02, categorizing the house hold incomes under three divisions has resulted
differently according to the Facility distribution in Sr Lanka and Demography.
The sector divion of house hold income shows a very high varience and diversity as it has only divided the
total population in to three sections. The Coefficient of Variance vales implies Sector cateorization (COV
= 35%) has the highest variation in income, District Categorization (COV = 27%) has the second highest
variation of income and the Provincial categortiation (COV = 22%) has the lowest variation. This indiacates
that the Sri Lankan demographical income distribution has diversified differently.
As highlights, in Provincial Categorization, Western Province has an outstanding variation between mean
household income value and in District Categorization Colombo District shows same kind of ot standing
variation.
The shape of all distributions are Positively Skewed shape in all three distributions, which also implies a
diversity in the household income levels in all three categories.
Urban
60,000 Mean
40,000 Median
20,000
Estate Rural
Western Mean
60,000
Median
Sabaragamuwa 50,000 Central
40,000
30,000
20,000
Uva 10,000 Southern
0
Colombo Mean
Kegalle
70,000 Gampaha
Ratnapura Kalutara Median
60,000
Moneragala Kandy
50,000
Badulla 40,000 Matale
30,000
Polonnaruwa 20,000 Nuwara Eliya
10,000
Anuradhapura Galle
0
Puttalam Matara
Kurunegala Hambantota
Trincomalee Jaffna
Ampara Mannar
Figure 06.6 Monthly Household
Batticaloa Vavunia Expenditure – District Distribution
Kilinochchi Mullaitivu
Table 03. Monthly Household Expenditure Analysis
Here also Figures 06.4, 5 and 6 shows the diversification of monthly household expenditure of Sri Lankan
families in different categories.
According to the Table 03, categorizing the house hold expenditure under three divisions has resulted
differently according to the Facility distribution in Sr Lanka and Demography.
Similar to the income analysis, the sector divion of house hold expenditure shows a very high varience
and diversity as it has only divided the total population in to three sections. The Coefficient of Variance
vales implies Sector cateorization (COV = 32%) has the highest variation in expenditure, District
Categorization (COV = 27%) has the second highest variation of expenditure and the Province
categortiation (COV = 24%) has the lowest variation. This indiacates that the Sri Lankan demographical
expenditure distribution has diversified differently same as the Income.
As highlights, in Provincial Categorization, Western Province has an outstanding variation between mean
household expenditure value and in District Categorization Colombo District shows same kind of ot
standing variation very similar to income analysis.
The shape of all distributions are Positively Skewed shape in all three distributions, which also implies a
diversity in the household expenditure levels in all three categories.
This two analysis of income and expenditure shows an interesting analogy. It shows that higher the
income, lower the expenditure, as a presentage of income in every category. Also in some cases, mean
expenditure is higher than mean income. It suggests that the regardless of the income, people atleast
have to fulfill their basic needs.
Furthermore, the following Figure 7 shows the expendure/income ratio of house holds in Sri Lanka in
above three categories. It shows generally the highest expenditure/income ratios has recorded in the
lowest income segments in each category of Sector, Provice and District. As examples, Estate in Sector
category, Eastern in Province categiry and Batticaloa in District Category can be shown.
Sector Expenditure/Income Ratio
1.00 0.97
Expenditure/Income
0.95 0.92
0.90
0.84
0.85
0.80
0.75
Urban Rural Estate
North Central
Uva
North Western
Western
Central
Nothern
Sabaragamuwa
Southern
1.16
1.20 1.12
1.08
1.03 1.02 1.01
0.98 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.96
1.00 0.890.880.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
0.87 0.84
0.81 0.82
0.80 0.69
0.65
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Batticaloa
Kalutara
Kandy
Galle
Colombo
Gampaha
Ampara
Moneragala
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Badulla
Jaffna
Mannar
Kegalle
Kilinochchi
Ratnapura
Matale
Anuradhapura
Matara
Polonnaruwa
Trincomalee
Mullaitivu
Nuwara Eliya
Vavunia
Puttalam