Practice Problem (Higher Engineering Mathematics)

1. Determine the admissible extremals to the problem of minimizing the functional,

′
𝐼(𝑦) = ∫ dx for all 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3, and the end conditions y(0)=0 and y(3)=1.

2. On which curve the functional ∫ (𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 with 𝑦(0) = 0 and 𝑦 = 0, be

extremized?
3. A planet moves under the inverse square law of attractive force. Find Lagrangian L and
the equation of the motion of the planet.
4. Show that the necessary conditions for 𝐼 (𝑦) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑦 ′ , 𝑦 ′′ )𝑑𝑥 to be extremum is

− ′
+ ′′
= 0.

5. Find the extremals of the functional 𝐼 (𝑦) = ∫ (16𝑦 − 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.

6. Use 4th order Runge-Kutta method, to solve the following equation, taking each step of
h=0.1, given y(0)=3, = . Calculate 𝑦 for 𝑥 = 0.1 and 0.2.
7. Show that if Taylor method of order n is used to approximate the solution to 𝑦 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑏, 𝑦(𝑎) = 𝛼, with step size ℎ and if 𝑦 ∈ 𝑐 [𝑎, 𝑏], then the local
truncation error is 𝑂(ℎ ).
2 1 1
8. Find the eigen values and the eigenvectors of the given matrix 𝐴 = 1 2 1 . Is there a
1 1 2
set of linearly independent vectors.
9. Solve the heat conduction equation = , 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑡. Subject to boundary
conditions: 𝑢 = 0 at 𝑥 = 0 and = 0 at 𝑥 = 1, ∀𝑡., 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 . Using Bender
Schmidt method, with ∆𝑥 = 0.1 and ∆𝑡 = 0.0025. Obtain the solution for one time level

and compare with the exact solution, 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛

10. Solve the Poisson equation, 𝑢 +𝑢 = −81𝑥𝑦, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1, given that
𝑢(0, 𝑦) = 0, 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0 𝑢(1, 𝑦) = 100, 𝑢(𝑥, 1) = 0, ℎ = .

11. Use crank Nicolson implicit method to solve − = 2, 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑡, 𝑢(𝑥, 0) =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 + 𝑥(1 − 𝑥), 𝑢 (0, 𝑡) = 0, 𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 0. Use 𝑛 = 5 and 𝑘 = 0.1 and compare your
results with 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 + 𝑥(1 − 𝑥).
12. Show that the set of vectors 𝑣 = (1,1,0), 𝑣 = (1,0,1), 𝑣 = (0,1,1) are linearly
independent. Using power method, find the largest eigen values and the corresponding
−2 −3
eigen vectors of given matrix 𝐴 = with ∈= 0.1.
6 7
13. Derive Galerkin weighted residue algorithm for the boundary value Ordinary Differential
Equation. Using Galerkin method obtain an approximate solution of the boundary value
problem 𝑦 ′′ + (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 + 1 = 0, 𝑦(−1) = 𝑦(1) = 0, by taking the approximate
solution 𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑐 (1 − 𝑥 ) + 𝑐 𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 ).
14. Derive the finite difference formula for ∇ 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦).
15. Derive Rayleigh-Ritz method. Using Rayleigh-Ritz method obtain an approximate
solution of the boundary value problem 𝑦 ′′ + (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 + 1 = 0, 𝑦(−1) = 𝑦(1) = 0, by
taking the approximate solution 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑐 (1 − 𝑥 ) + 𝑐 𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 ).
16. Approximate the solution to the Poisson Equation, + = (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑒 , 0 < 𝑥 <
2, 0 < 𝑦 < 1, 𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 1, 𝑢(𝑥, 1) = 𝑒 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2; 𝑢 (0, 𝑦) = 1, 𝑢 (2, 𝑦) = 𝑒 , 0 ≤
𝑦 ≤ 1; Use h=1, k=0.3.
17. Solve the heat conduction equation =𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑡. Subject to boundary
conditions: 𝑢 = 0 at 𝑥 = 0 and = − 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) at 𝑥 = 1, 𝑡 > 0, 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥(1 − 𝑥).
Using Explicit method, with ∆𝑥 = 0.1 and ∆𝑡 = 0.25 and ∆𝑡 = 0.7 and compare the
result.