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Name of the Experiment: Energy losses in pipeline.

Objective of the Experiment: Study of the energy losses for flow of water through a
pipe and to find the Energy Loss Coefficients

Apparatus Used:

 Hydraulic Bench
 Equipment for Study of Local Energy Losses
 Stop Watch

Theoretical Basis:

When a change in velocity of flowing fluid takes place, some of the energy is
transformed into heat, which is taken to be lost energy. The loss of energy is generally
expressed in terms velocity head of water..

The change of velocity, and hence the losses are due to-

a. Abrupt changes of pipe section, e.g. widening and narrowing

b. Perturbation of normal current flow, due to changes of direction caused by
the existence of an elbow or curve
c. Friction

The equipment for study of energy losses measures the energy losses in meters of
fluid column that circulates through the pipe.

The energy losses suffered by the fluid when crossing each one of these elements
are expressed in kinetic loads, according to the following expression:

hl = KV2/2g

Where,
K = Coefficient of energy losses
V = Velocity of the fluid
hl= Energy Loss in meters of fluid column

Description of the Equipment:

Energy Losses
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Middle Elbow Short Elbow

Narrrowing

Manometric Tubes

Membrane Valve
Widening

Pressure Gauge
90°Mitre
Large Bend

Figure: Schematic Drawing of the Experimental Set up

Specifications:

Manometers:

Bourdon Type : 0-2.5 bar

Differential Manometers : 0-500 mm

Widening:

Diameter : 25/40 mm

Narrowing:

Diameter : 40/25 mm

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Procedure:

1. Level the equipment properly on the hydraulic bench and make the necessary connections.
2. Fill the manometric tubes and remove the air bubbles.
3. Turn on the pump and open gradually and slightly the valve of the Bench or Group VC,
while open gradually the control valve equipment, VCC
4. This procedure must be carried out in a very softly way, in order to avoid that the
measurements are out scale.
5. Once the valve of the Bench or Group is completely open, regulate the flow with the flow
control valve of the equipment, VC.
6. Write down the readings indicated in the manometric pipes, which are associated with the
Large Bend (H1 and H2), Widening (H3 and H4), Narrowing (H5 and H6), Middle Elbow
(H7 and H8), Short Elbow (H9 and H10) and 900 Angle (H11 and H12).
7. Determine the water flow rate, write down all the values.
8. Close the control valve of the bench or the group.
9. Repeat the steps 3 to 8 varying the flow by opening the control valve of the equipment.

Energy Losses
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Energy Losses