Optic Nerve Answers

The optic nerve is the bundle of axons that extend from the cell bodies of ganglion cells in the
retina to synapse on the lateral geniculate body in the brain. The optic nerve as a structure begins
at the optic disk. A smaller, disc-shaped depression, called the cup, lies slightly temporal to the
center of the optic disc. On the surface is circular glial plaque, a developmental remnant. Often
there is a nasal and inferiorly located Bergmeister’s papilla. Nerve bundles penetrate the collagen
of the sclera through a sieve perforations, termed the lamina cribrosa. As the non-myelinated
nerves pass this point the optic nerve becomes myelinated; axons are enveloped by a sheath of
doubled plasmalemma, to form the myelin produced by oligodendrocytes. Myelination doubles
the cross-sectional thickness of the nerve to a diameter of ~ 3 mm at the posterior surface of the
sclera. The glial cells of the central supporting tissue meniscus, are astrocytes. The coverings of
the optic nerve in the orbit are similar to other brain tissue. The outer most cover

ing of the optic nerve is a sheath of dura. The

thick dura mater, fuses distally with the outer layers of the sclera. Internal to the dura is
subarachnoid space, arachnoid, and pia. The pia (photomicrograph left) is most internal and
tightly applied to the optic nerve proper. Fibrous septa from the pial layer are prominent (shown
in red in the photomicrograph above) and enter the optic nerve and divide the axons into
fascicles (the yellow bundles in the photo). The central retinal artery (CRA) and vein (CRV)
penetrate the optic nerve from 8 to 15 mm behind the optic nerve scleral exit to enter the center
of the nerve. The blood supply to the optic nerve is complex, redundant and topographical.
Prelaminar or retinal portion is supplied by the short posterior ciliary and recurrent choroidal
arteries. The posterior ciliary arteries are terminal branches creating an area that is vulnerable to
ischemia. The laminar portion is provided by short posterior ciliary ves
 sels via anastomoses with the arterial circle of
Zinn-Haller in the sclera. The retrolaminar nerve is supplied by pial, short posterior ciliary,
central retinal and perhaps recurrent choroidal vessels. The blood supply for the orbital portion of
the optic nerve comes mainly from the ophthalmic artery and a pial network around the nerve.
The intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve is perfused entirely by the ophthalmic artery.
Drainage of both retinal and choroidal layers appears to be in great part via the central retinal
vein and its branche

Anonymous, Anatomy of the human eyes, Mission for vision October 30, 2005
http://www.images.missionforvisionusa.org/anatomy/2005/10/optic-nerve-answers.html

diunduh 15 januari 2011

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http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_46/46-10.HTM
Fig. 46-10. The blood supply of the eye. The short posterior ciliary arteries give rise to numerous
capillaries (the choriocapillaris, not shown here) that supply the external part of the retina. The internal
part is supplied by the branches of the central artery of the retina, which do not anastomose with each
other. At the front of the eye, the posterior conjunctival vessels become dilated in conjunctivitis,
whereas the anterior ciliary vessels become dilated in inflammation of the cornea, iris, or ciliary body. m,
marginal arcade, and p, peripheral arcade of eyelid. S.V., sinus venousus sclerae, the canal described by
Schlemm. It transmits aqueous humor to the ciliary veins.

Px neurologi

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