--.

UDC 666.972: 691.32: 620.1 DEUTSCHE NORM June 1991

Testi n9 concrete DIN

Testing of hardened concrete 1048
(specimens prepared in mould) Part 5

PrOfverfahren fOr Beton; Festbe!on, This standard, together

gesondert hergestellte Probekorper with DIN 1048 Part 1, June
1991 edition, supersedes
DIN 1048 Part 1, December
1978 edition.

In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization ,.
(ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.

This standard has been prepared by Section VII Beton und Stahlbeton I Deutscher AusschuB fUr Stahlbeton of the
NormenausschuB Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee).
~ Dimensions in mm
q;
co
:> Contents
oj
'" Page Page
c
'" 1 Scope and field 0' application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 compaction. ......... .. .. 3
E- 5.3 Treatment after
d
Z a>
,'".->
~ 2 Sampling 1 6 Curing 0' specimens.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . 3
:s 2.1 Suitabilitytesting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6.1 General 3
~E
~:;
2.2 Qualitytesting and testing of hardened concrete 1 6.2 Compressive strength and static modulus of
::;
2.3 Number of specimens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 elasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
"V " "'"
.<:;.<:; 6.3 Flexural strength and tensile splitting strength. 3
o-
j!)" 3 Shape and size of specimens. ..... ........ 1 6.4 Water permeability. .. .................. 4
:J '" 3.1 General 1
~~
z"" 3.2 Compressive strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 Testing 4
-
is ~
0"a
c "
c 3.3 Flexural strength. .. ........ .. .........
3.4 Tensile splitting strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 7.1 Density
7.2 Compressive strength.
4
. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 4
0.0 3.5 Static modulus of elasticity. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.3 Flexural strength. . ... ... ............ .. 4
'ij
.- :g
:J 3.6 Water permeability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.4 Tensile splittingstrength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Eo
~.<:;
"0.-" 7.4.1 Cylindricalspecimens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
~
a c
'" 4 Apparatus 2 7.4.2 Prismatic and cubic specimens. . . .. . . .. . . 5
~:~ 4.1 Moulds 2 7.5 Static modulus of elasticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
a> 0 4.2 Accessories.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .. .................. 6
-
-= "
'" '"
0'"'"
4.3 Test equipment.
~ -- . . .~-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7.6 Water permeability.
7.7 Moisture content. ....... .... ....... .... 6
-
€'"c
.-
5 Specimen preparation. ... ............... 2
-I
~.s 8 Testreport. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
'"" '"
.: 5.1 General 2
":J E
~ ~2 Compaction 3 Standards referred to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
'" a>
eC)
~~
" -
.0-.0 1 Scope and field of application The type of mixer used, mixing time, ambient tempera-
>-'"
'" a
E'" This standard specifies methods of testing the com- ture and concrete temperature shall be recorded.
",'0
pressive strength, flexural strength, tensile splitting
'":C"
"
c<ll strength, static modulus of elasticity, water permeabil-
2.2 Quality testing and testing of hardened
'" 0 concrete*) ~
Q;E ity and moisture content of hardened concrete as de-
~
" For quality testing and testing of hardened concrete,
:s fined in subclause 2.1 of DIN 1045, July 1988 edition,
\~I '0 and in DIN 4232. sampling and specimen preparation are generally car-
1:
'" ried out on site, the samples being taken from the con-
0. The assessment of test results and the requirements to
a be met by concrete are covered in DIN 1045.
crete intended to be used for a particular structural
Z member.
iQ>
2.3 Number of specimens '.
2 Sampling
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards
2.1 Suitability testlng*) (e.g. DIN 1045) or specifications, three specimens shall
For suitability testing, the specimens shall be prepared be prepared for each test. If
using a mould and taking into account the property of
concrete to be determined. 3 Shape and size of specimens
The concrete shall be mixed from the materials in- 3.1 General
tended for use in the actual structure. Their origin
and the concrete composition shall be recorded. The minimum specimen dimensions shall be at least
Once all the constituent materials have been added, the equal to fourtimesthe maximumttggregateparticlesize.
concrete shall be mixed in a DIN 459 mixer. *) Cf. subclause 7.4 of DIN 1045for definition.

Continued on pages 2 to 8

f
Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). DIN 1048 Part 5 Engl. Price group 6 I
05.93 Sales No. 0106
II
I
/ Page 2 DIN 1048 Part 5
r
I 3.2 Compressive strength
For determining the compressive strength, either
100mm, 150 mm, 200 mm or 300 mm concrete cubes
or cylinders 100mm, 150 mm, 200 mni or 300 mm in
diameter and with a height to diameter ratio of 2, shall
be used.
3.3 Flexural strength
For determining the flexural strength, moulded con-
crete beams, preferably 150mm x 150mm x 7oomm
in size, shall be used.1) Where the maximum aggre-
gate particle size necessitates the use of larger
beams, these shall be 200 mm x 200 mm x 900 mm.
3.4 Tensile splitting strength
The specimens used for determining the tensile
splitting strength should preferably be cylinders
150mm in diameter and 300 mm in height. Alter-
natively, beams may be used provided that the length
to width ratio of the cross section is not more than
1: 1,5.
3.5 Static modulus of elasticity
The specimens used for determining the static modulus
of elasticity should preferably be cylinders 150 mm in
r
diameter and approximately 300 mm in height. For spe-
cial applications, specimens 100mm, 150 mm or
200 mm in diameter may be used, provided that the
height to diameter ratio is not less than 2 nor more
than 4. For prisms with a side length (of the end
faces) of 100 mm, 150 mm or 200 mm, the height to
side length ratio shall be not less than 3 and not more
than 4.
Different results may be obtained when testing speci-
I mens prepared from the 'same concrete but different in
size-
I
3.6 Water permeability
Up to a maximum aggregate particle size of 32 mm,
I
the specimens used for determining the water per-
meability should preferably be slabs 200 mm x
200 mm x 120mm in size. Alternatively, 200 mm cubes
or circular slabs 150 mm in diameter may be used.
l
Where the maximum particle size exceeds 32 mm,
300 mm cubes or square slabs, or circular slabs
300 mm in diameter, shall be used. The slab thickness
shall be at least 120mm, where the particle size is
i -
32 mm or more. (Otherwise, it shall be at least equal
to four times the diameter of the maximum particle
size.)
For special applications, and subject to compliance
with the requirements specified in subclause 3.1,
150mm cubes or square slabs may be used.
4 Apparatus
4.1 Moulds
Specimens shall be prepared using a mould complying
with DIN 51229*).
Square slabs for the water permeability test may also
be made using a cubic mould, which shall be provided
with an internal lining of non-absorbent material before
the specimens are cast.
4.2 Accessories
The following accessories shall be used for preparing
the specimens.
,0 " "i; C,~.wn'0-3c'ed
a) Collar complying with DIN51 229, which can be se-
curely and tightlyfastened to the mould. Its height
shall be approximately equal to the edge length of
cubes, or approximately 1,5 times the diameter of
cylinders, or 200 mm in the case of beams.
b) Steel rule.
c) Vibratingtable complying with DIN4235 Part 3, or
internal vibrator complying with DtN4235 Part 2,
preferably with a diameter of not less than 35 mm.
d) Tamper with a mass of approximately 12 kg, having
a rectangular or circular end. .
4.3 Test equipment
Strength properties shall be tested using a DIN 51 223
compression testing machine or a DIN51 227 bend test-
ing machine. For the purposes of internal control (I.e.
on-site control) by types E and W concrete testing
laboratories, they shall conform to at least class 3 as
specified in DIN 51 220, and in all other cases, to at
least class 2, the machine class requirements being
verified by a certificate not more than two years old, is-
sued by an accredited test house2).
Testing machines used for verification purposes (cf.
DIN51 300) shall meet at least the requirements Jor
class 2 when tested as specified in DIN51 302 Part 1.
Compliance with the requirements shall be verified by
a test certificate not more than one year old or, where
internal control (e.g. using a pressure transducer) is
carried out at intervals of three months, by a test cer-
tificate not more than two years old, issued by an
accredited test house2).
The static modulus of elasticity shall be determined
using a DIN51223 compression testing machine of at
least class 2, capable of maintaining the applied load
constant for approximately one minute.
Length measuring instruments (e.g. mirror or dial
gauge extensometers, inductance gauges) and strain
measuring devices (e.g. strain gauges) shall have a
gauge length of not less than five times the diameter
of the maximum aggregate particle size, with a mini-
mum of 80 mm. The sensitivity of instruments shall be
such that a maximum change in length of 511m/m will
cause a change of 1 mm for analog indication or, in the
case of digital indication, of one increment (cf.
DIN1319Part 2).
The permeability test may be carried out using any
equipment suitable for the procedure specified in sub-
clause 7.6 and which permits specimens complying
with the specifications of subclause 3.6, to be placed
in such a way that the water pressure acts either from
above or below the specimen, and permits the
unexposed faces to be observed for signs of water per-
meation (Cf.figure 1). The internal diameter of the seal-
ing ring as installed shall be 100 mm for specimens up
to 200 mm edge length or diameter, and 150 mm for spe-
cimens with an edge length or diameter of 300 mm.
5 Specimen preparation
5.1 General
If the fresh concrete sample has to be transported, it
shall be protected against its losing or gaining water,
and against the effect of frost, heat, etc. To this effect,
the sample shall be transported in a sealed container,
1) In road construction, beams 100 mm x 150 mm x
700 mm in size shall be used for testing.
2) Cf. Explanatory notes, last paragraph.
*) At present at stage of draft.
"'iU2(X)9 5 52 S"';;!e ese, on:, ':;-'°'1'--'9 -'",wc--

Water pressure
~
Sealing ring
0
...
N
200 Support
Figure 1. Typical arrangement for determining the
water permeability of 200 mm x 200 mm x
120 mm slabs
made of non-absorbent material, which shall be damp-
ened before filling with concrete.
Specimen preparation shall be started as soon as pos-
sible after sampling and, except for concrete with a pro-
longed workability time, completed not later than 90
minutes after the addition of water. . not greater than that in the structure or structural mem-
Before the specimens are cast, the internal surface of
v the mould shall be thinly coated with oil, grease or re-
lease agent. Where the concrete is compacted by vibra-
tion, a collar may be fitted on the mould. The mould
shall be filled with concrete to give an excess of about
20 to 30 mm above its edge after compaction. For the
preparation of specimens with an hid ratio greater
than 2, moulds with collar shall be vibrated during filling.
Slabs used for the water permeability test shall be pre-
pared with the mould. standing upright so that in the
test, the water pressure will act normal to the mould-fill-
ing direction.
5.2 Compaction
Immediately after filling the mould, the concrete shall
be compacted so that its degree of compaction is as
close as possible to that in the structural member.
Where concrete is compacted by means of an internal
vibrator (ct subclause 4.2), this shall be introduced ver-
tically at the centre of the mould when preparing cubes,
slabs and cylindrical specimens, and, additionally, at
each of the four corners in the case of 300 mm cubes.
When preparing 700 mm long beams, the vibrator shall
?-- be placed at an angle into the concrete at not less than
four points along the long axis of the mould, and at
'-' further points in the case of longer beams (cf. figure 2).
The vibrator shall be immersed to a depth of approxi-
mately 20 mm above the base of the mould and left in
this position until the formation of air bubbles of signifi-
cant size has markedly decreased. It shall then be
gradually withdrawn from the concrete so that the
hole left by the vibrator closes fully without any air
being entrapped.
Air-entrained concrete may only be compacted by
means of an internal vibrator if this procedure is also
adopted for the concrete used in the structure.
Concrete of consistence range KS may also be com-
pacted by tamping, using a tamper as described in sub-
clause 4.2, and concrete of consistence range KF, by
rodding. Concrete used for the preparation of perme-
ability test specimens is always to be compacted by
vibration.
For the compaction of lightweight concrete, under an
imposed load if necessary, use of vibrating tables is
recommended, dense lightweight aggregate' concrete
DIN.1048 Part 5 Page 3
100
Figure 2. Compacting with immersion vibrator when
preparing 150mm x 150mm x 700mm long
beams
only being compacted by vibrating or rOdding, and po-
rous lightweight aggregate concrete, only by rodding,
in each case to a degree sufficient to provide a density
ber.
When compacting concrete containing aggregates of
significantly different particle densities (e.g. light-
weight concrete with natural sand), care shall be taken
to ensure that the coarse material does not segregate.
5.3 Treatment after compaction
Immediately after compaction, the excess concrete
shall be struck off and the concrete surface smoothed
level with the top of the mould by means of a steel rule.
The specimens so produced shall be clearly and du-
rably marked. the marking incorporating the date of
specimen preparation.
6 Curing of specimens
6.1 General
During hardening, the concrete shall be protected from
vibration. Once the concrete has hardened sufficiently,
usually after 16 hours. the specimens shall be carefully
demoulded. Until testing, they may be left on the base-
plate to reduce the risk of damage.
Immediately after preparation, specimens for suitabil-
ity and quality testing shall be stored in the mould in
a closed room at a draught-free location, protected
from loss of water, at a temperature of 15 to 22°C (pre-
ferably at (20:1::2) °C). After demoulding they shall be
placed on gratings and cured in water or in a moist
cabinet at 15 to 22 °C (preferably at (20:1::2) °C).
During storage in a moist cabinet, lightweight concrete
specimens shall be protected against the absorption of
further moisture (e.g. by wrapping them in suitable
sheeting).
Prior to testing, hardened concrete specimens shall be
stored in the mould and further cured under conditions
as similar as possible to those existing in the concrete
intended for use in the structure.
6.2 Compressive strength and stallc modulus o'
elasticity
Specimens for determining the compressive strength
(cf.subclause 7.2) and the static modulus of elasticity
(cl. subclause 7.5) shall be moist-cured for seven
days after preparation. then placed on gratings and
c ,,~
.
 ~;
~
Page 4 DIN 1048 Part 5
stored at a draught-free location at a temperature of 15
r to 22°C (preferably at (20 :I: 2) °C).
I
I
6.3 Flexural strength and tensile splitting strength
Specimens for determining the flexural strength and
tensile splitting strength (ct. subclauses 7.3 and 7.4)
shall be cured in water at a temperature of 15 to 22 °C
(preferably at (20:I: 2) °C). After removal from the
water, the specimens shall be covered with a damp
cloth and stored for a maximum of one hour until testing.
6.4 Water permeability
Immediately after demoulding the specimens, the cir-
cular areas (100 mm or 150 mm in diameter) to be sub-
jected to water pressure (cf. subclause 7.6) shall be
roughened by wire brushing and the specimens then
placed on gratings and cured In water at a temperature
of 15 to 22°C (preferably at (20 :I: 2) °C) until testing.
7 Testing
7.1 Density
The density of hardened concrete, tlR, in kg/m3, shall be
determined for the specimens prepared for strength
testing, using the following equation:
I~ f2R= mlV
I
where
I m is the specimen mass, in kg;
V is the specimen volume, in m3.
I The volume shall be determined by measuring the
specimen dimensions to an accuracy of 1 mm and the
specimen mass determined to an accuracy of 20 g.
The density obtained shall be given to the nearest
I
10kg/m3.
The density shall be determined before applying any
capping layers necessary for further testing (ct sub-
clauses 7.2 to 7.5). From I?R,the dry density, I?Rd'shall
be calculated using the following equation:
l1R
I?Rd = 100+h .100
(1)
where h is the moisture content to be determined as
specified in subclause 7.7.
7.2 Compressive strength
Before each test, it shall be checked whether the spec-
:>-. imen surfaces to be subjected to testing are plane to
within 0,1 mm. Where surfaces are uneven or not paral-
f-J ;
lel, they shall be ground by the wet method or capped,
to a thickness not exceeding 3 mm.
The capping material shall normally consist of a cement
mortar composed of one part by mass of Z 45 F or Z 55
cement complying with DIN1164 Part 1 and one part by
mass of washed natural sand of particle size group 0/1
complying with DIN 4226 Part 1. The mixture shall be ap-
plied by means of a glass or steel capping plate so as to
obtain plane and square end surfaces. The specimens
shall then be stored in moist air for 48 hours at a tem-
perature of 15 to 22°C (preferably at (20:I: 2) °C) and
tested at an age of not less than three days.
After grinding or capping, the specimens shall be
further cured as specified before testing. Specimens
to be dry-cured shall not be tested within 24 hours after
grinding or capping.
The faces of specimens to be tested at an age of up to
seven days shall be wiped dry with a cloth after moist
curing and the specimens stored for approximately
one hour at ambient temperature before testing.
-.".
Cubes shall be placed in the testing machine so that the
mould-filling direction is normal to the direction of load-
ing, and cylinders so that the load is applied to the end
faces. The specimen shall be placed on the lower plat-
en of the testing machine and aligned with the centre of
the thrust of the machine using a centring device wher-
ever possible. Use of packing between the specimen
and the platens is not permitted. The surface of the
platens shall be free from oil residues.
The load shall not be applied until the upper platen of
the testing machine is in full contact over its entire
area with the upper surface of the specimen.
The load shall be applied steadily so as to increase the
stress at a rate of (O,5:I: 0.2) N/mm2 per second. The
compressive strength. fJo. in N/mm2, shall be calcu-
lated from the following equation:
13D= F/A (2)
where
F is the maximum load, in N;
A is the area of the platens, in mm2, calculated from the
side lengths of the specimen, measured to an accu-
racy of 1 mm at mid-height of the specimens.
The compressive strength shall be given to the nearest
1 N/mm2 for values of 10N/mm2 or more, and to the
nearest 0,1 N/mm2 for values below 10N/mm2.
7.3 Flexural strength
For flexure testing, beams shall be placed in the testing
machine so that the mould-filling direction is normal to
the direction of loading (cf. figure 3).
The supporting and loading rollers of the testing ma-
chine shall have'a circular cross section with a diam-
eter of 20 mm to 40 mm and be at least 10 mm longer
than the width of the beam. They shall be arranged so
that the beam is supported over a span that is 100 mm
less than the beam length and that two equal loads,
FI2, act at the third-points of the span, thE! roller axes
lying in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the
beam (cf. figure 3)3).
Loading shall not be started until the loading rollers
have been slowly lowered onto the specimen and all
rollers are in full contact with the beam.
The load shall be applied so as to increase the stress at
a rate of (O,05:I:0,02) N/mm2 per second, until failure,
this being equivalent to a rate of loading of approxi-
3) Where the concrete is intended to be used in road
construction, beams 100 mm in height, 150 mm in
width and 700 mm in length shalt be placed in the
machine so that the original finished surface is in
tension. They shall be supported over a span of
600 mm and subjected to a central load (i.e. one-
point loading).
The points of contact between specimen and rollers
shall be capped with mortar strips approximately
30 mm wide. A minor unevenness of the surface
may also be compensated for by rubber strips of
Shore A hardness (50:I: 5) as in DIN 53 50S, 5 mm
thick and not less than 20 mm wide.
The load shall be applied so as to increase the
stress at a rate of approximately 0,1 N/mm2 per sec-
ond until failure, this being equivalent to a rate of
loading of approximately 170 N/s. The flexural
strength, 13Bz'shall be calculated from the following
equation:
F.1,5.f
(3)
I3Bz= b.iz2
, L'cj\J 5","" - '~"" ."",os,"o"'f ""(,
~ ~
(
5i;
....
c
7
200 200
SO'
Figure 3. Loading arrangement for 150mm x 150mm
x 700 mm long beam (two-point loading)
mately 280 N/s for a 150mm x 150 mm x 700 mm beam
and of approximately 500 N/s for a 200 mm x 200 mm x
900 mm beam3).
The flexural strength, 13BZ,in N/mm2, shall be calcu-
lated from the following equation:
F./
~ 13az= b.h2 (4)
where
F is the breaking load, including the self-weight of the
loading rollers (if relevant), in N;
/ is the span between the supporting rollers, in mm;
b is the beam width at the point of failure, in mm;
h is the beam height at the point of failure, in mm.
band h shall be measured to an accuracy of 1mm and
13BZbe given to the nearest 0,1 N/mm2 for values of
1 N/mm2 or more, and to the nearest 0,01 N/mm2 for
values below 1N/mm2.
7.4 Tensile splitting strength
7.4.1 Cylindrical 8peclmens
A concrete cylinder shall be placed centrally between
the platens of a testing machine of the type used for
compression testing.
Packing strips, 10 mm wide and 5mm thick, preferably
made of plywood, with a density of 850 kg/m3, as speci-
fied in DIN68 750, or of F 5 or H 1 compacted felt com-
plying with DIN61 200 shall be placed between the
platens and the cylinder (cf. figure 4).
Loading shall not be started until platens, packing
~ strips and specimen are in full contact with each
other. The load shall be applied so as to increase the
stress at a rate of (0,05 ~ 0,02) N/mm2 per second,
this being equivalent to a rate of loading of approxi-
mately 3500 N/s for cylindrical specimens 150 mm in
diameter and 300 mm in length.
The tensile splitting strength, 13sz,in N/mm2, shall be
calculated from the following equation:
!3sz =~= O,64F
7(".d./ d.l
where
F is the maximum load, in N;
d is the specimen diameter, in mm;
I is the specimen length, in mm.
d and I shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 mm
and 13szgiven to the nearest 0,1 N/mm2 for values of
1N/mm2 or more, and to the nearest 0,01 N/mm2 for
values below 1N/mm2.
""' ..
DIN1048 Part 5 Page 5
Packing strips,
5mm thick,
10 mm wide
Figure 4. Arrangement of loading of cylindrical speci-
mens for determining the tensile splitting
strength
7.4.2 Prlsmade and cubic specimens
Prismatic and cubic specimens (e.g. pieces remaining
from flexure testing, cubes, etc.) shall be placed in the
testing machine, with packing strips (cf. subclause
7.4.1) positioned along the top and bottom of the plane
of loading of the specimen. The load shall be applied
as a line load on the moulded faces in such a way that
the fracture plane will cross the trowelled surface
(cf.figure 5).
The load shall act along the entire width of the spec-
imen. The packing strips shall be located on the
moulded faces so that the upper strip Is directly over
the lower strip, their distance from the specimen end
being at least equal to half the specimen height.
The load shall be applied steadily so as to increase the
stress at a rate of (0,05 ~ 0,02) N/mm2 per second, this
being equivalent to a rate of loading of approximately
1750N/s for a 150 mm square beam. The tensile split-
ting strength, !3sz, in N/mm2, shall be calculated from
the following equation:
/3sz =~ -
O,64F
7(".b.h-/;:h (6)
where
F is the maximum load, in N;
b is the width of the specimen (as shown in figure 5), in
mm;
h is the height of the specimen (as shown in figure 5),
in mm.
band h shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 mm
and !3sz given to the nearest 0,1 N/mm2 for values of
1 N/mm2 or more, and to the nearest 0,01 N/mm2 for
values below 1 N/mm2.
7.5 Sialic modulu8 of elasticity
The static modulus of elasticity in compression is the
(5) secant modulus calculated as the ratio of a given
stress to the corresponding strain (normally deter-
mined for specimens at an age of 28 days).
Unless otherwise specified, the upper loading stress,
0"0' shall be approximately one-third of the com-
pressive strength, 13, of the specimen, determined
as the mean from three companion specimens, from
the same batch as those to be used for deter-
mining the static modulus of elasticity, and made and
cured under similar conditions. Where the modulus of
0 . ,;,.5 "L AS"" 6 esel ~e: .8& r, '(; r'C 2". 'Y""GH"its,'
,,~~
Page 6 DIN 1048 Part 5
Packing strips,
5 mm thick,
10 mm wide
Figure 5. Arrangement of loading of prismatic and cu-
bic specimens for determining the tensile
splitting strength
elasticity is to be determined at a specific stress (e.g. at
a stress equal to f3Rt2,1(cf. DIN1045)), this stress shall
be used as upper loading stress.
The specimen surfaces subjected to compression shall
<.t be plane and smooth (cf. subclause 7.2). The length
measuring instruments shall be attached on opposite
sides of the specimen and parallel to its axis in such
a way that the gauge points are symmetrical about
the middle of the specimen and are not nearer to either
end of the specimen than a distance equal to half its
diameter for cylindrical and equal to the larger side
length of the end face for prismatic specimens.
The specimen shall be placed centrally in the testing
machine and the upper platen aligned so that it is in
full contact with the sp-;cimen.
The specimen shall be subjected to a basic stress of
approximately 0,5 Ntmm2 (O'u)and the actual stress
calculated on the basis of the cross-sectional area at
mid-height of the specimen.
Loading and unloading shall be carried out at a rate of
(0,51: 0,2) Ntmm2 per second, in accordance with the
loading diagram shown in figure 6.
After all elasticity measurements have been com-
pleted, the specimen shall be loaded at the specified
rate until failure (cf. subclause 7.2). If the compressive
strength of the specimen differs from the mean value by
more than 20%, this shall be stated in the test report.
,1-
'I The static modulus of elasticity in compression, Eb' in
Ntmm2, shall be calculated from the following equation:
Eb = 6.0'/6.13' = 0'0 - O'u
Eo - Eu
where
0'0 is the upper stress during third loading cycle, in Nt
mm2;
O'uis the basic stress prior to third loading cycle, in Nt
mm2;
Eo is the mean strain under the upper loading stress at
point 8 (cf. figure 6);
Eu is the mean strain under the basic loading stress at
point A (cf. figure 6).
The modulus of elasticity shall be given to the nearest
100 N/mm2.
7.6 Water permeability
The permeability test gives a measure of the resistance
of concrete against the penetration of water exerting
ora ,:,l ", 'c.;."2' x~ 5881
0', in
N/mm2
B
(fo
(fu
*t *t *30 Nt N3O Time, t,
in 5
In the above diagram,
A is the point of reading the basic stress, O'u (and cor-
responding strain, Eu, and gauge length lu' respec-
tively), prior to the third loading cycle;
8 is the point of reading the upper stress, (and cor- 0'0
responding strain, co' and gauge length, 10,respec-
tively), during the third loading cycle;
t is the time of loading and unloading resulting from
the rate of loading and unloading.
Figure 6. Stress-time diagram for determining the
modulus of elasticity
pressure. It shall normally be carried out when the
age of the concrete is 28 to 35 days.
A concrete specimen shall be exposed either from
above or below to a water pressure of 0,5 N/mm2 act-
ing normal to the mould-filling direction, for a period
of three days. This pressure shall be kept constant
throughout the test. If water penetrates through to the
underside of the specimen, the test may be terminated
and the specimen rejected as failed.
It shall be checked whether and when the unexposed
specimen faces show signs of water permeation. Im-
mediately after the pressure has been released, the
specimen shall be removed and split down the centre,
with the face which was exposed to water facing
down. When the split faces show signs of drying (after
about 5 to 10 minutes), the maximum depth of penetra-
tion in the direction of slab thickness, shall be mea-
sured, . in mm, and the extent of water permeation
established.
The mean of the maximum depth of penetration ob-
tained from three specimens thus tested shall be taken
as the test result.
7.7 Moisture content
For determining the moisture content, broken pieces of
specimens that have been tested in accordance with
subclauses 7.2 to 7.5 shall be weighed immediately
(7) after testing and then dried to constant mass at a tem-
perature of 105°C. Constant mass shall be deemed
reached when the mass determined by weighing after
24 hours does not change by more than 1%0.The mois-
ture content shall be calculated as the ratio of the differ-
ence in mass to the mass of the dried specimen, as a
percentage, using the following equation:
h = mh - md .100 (8)
md
where
mh is the specimen mass before drying, in g;
md is the specimen mass after drying, in g.
8 Test report
Thetest report shall include all informationrelevantfor
assessment of the test results.
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~ DIN 1048 Part 5 Page 7

8.1 Information to be provided by the manufacturer or
representative of the test house taking samples:
a) sampling site and structural member from where
the specimens originate;
b) date of specimen preparation and, if appropriate,
place and method of sampling;
c) identification of specimens;
d) conditions of storage and curing of specimens until
supplied to the testing laboratory;
e) required properties of the concrete.
8.2 Information to be provided by the test house:
a) date of receipt of the specimens;
b) appearance of specimens wh.en received;
c) identification of specimens;
d) conditions of storage and curing until testing (includ-
ing binders used in capping or grinding method)
e) date of test;
f) age of specimens at start of test;
g) specimen dimensions;
h) density of specimens prior to testing as specified in
subclauses 7.2 to 7.7: individual and mean values;
i) results of testing as specified in subclause 7.2 to
7.7: individual and mean values;
j) any occurrences that might have affected the test
results.
8.3 Additional information to be provided where the
static modulus of elasticity was determined:
a) type of measuring Instruments and gauge length;
b) basic loading stress;
c) upper loading stress;
d) mean strain under upper and basic loading stress;
e) calculated static modulus of elasticity in compres-
sion.

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 Page 8 DIN 1048 Part 5

Standards referred to
DIN 459 Concrete mixers; concepts, sizes and requirements
DIN 1045 Structural use of concrete; design and construction
DIN 1164 Part 1 Portland, Portland blastfurnace, blastfurnace slag and trass cement; concepts, constituents,
requirements and supply
DIN 1319 Part 2 Basic concepts in metrology; terminology relating to the use of measuring instruments
DIN 4226 Part 1 Aggregates for concrete; aggregates of dense structure (heavy aggregates); terminology, desig-
nation and requirements
DIN 4232 No fines lightweight concrete walls; design and construction
DIN 4235 Part 2 Compaction of concrete by vibration; compacting with internal vibrators
DIN 4235 Part 3 Compaction of concrete by vibration; compacting with external vibrators in the production of pre-
cast elements
DIN 51 220 Materials testing machines; general
DIN 51 223 Materials testing machines; compression testing machines; requirements
DIN 51 227 Materials testing machines; bend testing machines
DIN 51 229 (at present at stage of draft) Moulds for concrete specimens
DIN 51 300 Materials testing machines; verification of materials testing machines; general
DIN 51 302 Part 1 Materials testing machines; verification of tensile, compression and bend testing machines; prin-
I. ciples
I'-' DIN 53 505 Shore hardness testing A and D of rubber, elastomers and plastics
DIN 61 200 Hardness of felt
DIN 68 750 Fibre building board; softboard and hardboard; grading
ISO 4013: 1978 Concrete; determination of flexural strength of test specimens

Previous editions
DIN 1048: 09.25, 04.32, 10.37, 43x; DIN 1048 Part 3: 01.75; DIN 1048 Part 1: 01.72, 12.78.

Amendments
Incomparisonwiththe December 1978editionof DIN1048Part 1,specifications for hardenedconcrete are now given
in this Part of DIN 1048(testing of fresh concrete being covered in Part 1).

Explanatory notes
In the flexure test (which is based on ISO 4013: 1978), the direction of loading has been specified as running normal to
the mould-filling direction. Since the strength of the beam is normally at its greatest in the zone which is at the bottom
during filling of the mould, the values obtained when using this arrangement may be somewhat lower than normal,
but are nonetheless on the safe side. On the other hand, the test has been made simpler to perform since mortar or
rubber strips are no longer required in connection with the loading arrangement.
io , The number of loading cycles for determining the modulus of elasticity has been reduced to three, since experience
has shown that the modulus does not change significantly after the third cycle. The water permeability test has been
simplified by specifying a constant water pressure of 0,5 N/mm2 acting for three days instead of varying water pres-

r sures (0,1, 0,3 and 0,7 N/mm2) for a total of four days. Interlaboratory tests have shown both methods to be equivalent.
The Verband der Materialpriifungsamter (Association of Materials Testing Institutes) keeps a list of testing centres
accredited for verifying materials

International Patent Classification

testing machines in compliance with DIN 51 300 (cf. subclause 4.3).

E 04 G 21/02
E 04 G 21/24
G 01 N 33/38

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