H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11002 - 2 ByC Diseño Mecanica

MECHANICAL DESIGN CRITERIA
INDEX
1 PURPOSE......................................................................................................................... 5
2 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 5
3 REFERENCE DOCUMENT, CODES AND APPLICABLE STANDARDS ........................ 5

3.1 Documents Reference .................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Applicable Codes and Norms ........................................................................................ 6
3.3 National Standards ......................................................................................................... 6
3.3.1 Standards for Location of Equipment and Facilities ................................................... 6
3.4 International Standards ................................................................................................ 12
3.4.1 MCA (Air Movement and Control Association)........................................................... 12
3.4.2 ANSI (American National Standard Institute) ............................................................. 12
3.4.3 ANSI (American National Standard Institute) ............................................................. 12
3.4.4 MSS (Manufacturer´s Standard Specifications) ......................................................... 14
3.4.5 API (American Petroleum Institute) ............................................................................. 14
3.4.6 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) ................................................. 16
3.4.7 AISC (American Industry of Steel Construction)........................................................ 17
3.4.8 AWS (American Welding Society) ............................................................................... 17
3.4.9 ANSI / AWWA (American National Standards Institute / American Water Works
Association)................................................................................................................... 17
3.4.10 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) ................................................. 17
3.4.11 NACE International (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) ........................ 18
3.4.12 NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) ............................................................. 18
3.4.13 SSPC (Society for Protective Coatings) ...................................................................... 18
3.4.14 TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturer Association) ............................................. 19
3.4.15 Others ............................................................................................................................ 19
4 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................. 19
5 NUMBERING AND TAGGING OF PIPING AND EQUIPMENTS ................................... 20
6 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT ............................................................................................. 20
7 PROJECT LANGUAGE .................................................................................................. 21
8 FACILITY LOCATION .................................................................................................... 21

8.1 Site Conditions .............................................................................................................. 22
H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11002 Revisión 2 Página

PROYECTO EXPANSIÓN COPEM
1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 2 de 73
SCHLUMBERGER / INELECTRA
9 FACILITY GENERAL LAYOUT ...................................................................................... 22
9.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 22
9.2 Battery Limit of Early Production Plant (EPF) ............................................................ 22
9.3 Equipments Location.................................................................................................... 22
10 DESIGN CRITERIA ........................................................................................................ 23
10.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 23
10.2 General Piping Design Criteria .................................................................................... 23
10.2.1 Clearances for Operation and Maintenance ............................................................... 25
10.2.2 Materials ........................................................................................................................ 25
10.2.3 Design Pressure and Temperature .............................................................................. 25
10.2.4 Allowable Corrosion Thickness ................................................................................... 26
10.2.5 Changes in the Material Specification ......................................................................... 27
10.2.6 Flanges .......................................................................................................................... 27
10.2.7 Welded and Screwed Fittings ...................................................................................... 27
10.2.8 Gaskets and Studs ........................................................................................................ 29
10.2.9 Valves ............................................................................................................................. 29
10.2.10 Blinds ............................................................................................................................. 32
10.2.11 Bypasses ....................................................................................................................... 33
10.2.12 Bolts ............................................................................................................................... 33
10.3 Piping Design and Layouts (General) ......................................................................... 34
10.3.1 Considerations for expansion and flexibility of the pipes ......................................... 34
10.3.2 Supports and Anchors Bolts........................................................................................ 36
10.3.3 Joints and Connections ............................................................................................... 38
10.3.4 Branch Connections ..................................................................................................... 39
10.3.5 Valves Installations ....................................................................................................... 40
10.3.6 Sampling Valves, Vents and Drains ............................................................................ 40
10.4 Specific Requirements for Piping Design and Layouts ............................................. 41
10.4.1 Requirements for Process Piping Systems ................................................................ 41
10.4.2 Requirements Pneumatic Systems & Instrumentation .............................................. 41
10.4.3 Requirements Pressure Relief and Disposal Systems .............................................. 42
10.4.4 Requirements for Fire Protection Systems................................................................. 43
10.4.5 Paint and Coating.......................................................................................................... 44
10.4.6 Thermal Insulation ........................................................................................................ 44
10.4.7 Hydrostatic & Pneumatic Tests ................................................................................... 45
10.5 General Equipment Design Criteria ............................................................................. 46

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10.5.1 Pumps ............................................................................................................................ 49
10.5.2 Pressure Vessels .......................................................................................................... 52
10.5.3 Eletrostatic Dehydrator – Desalter .............................................................................. 54
10.5.4 Storage Tanks ............................................................................................................... 56
10.5.5 Heat Exchangers ........................................................................................................... 57
10.5.6 Equipments and Packaged Equipment System ......................................................... 58
10.5.7 Flare / Vent Stacks ........................................................................................................ 64
10.5.8 Platforms and Stairs appended to the Mechanical Equipment Skids ...................... 65
11 PAINTING ....................................................................................................................... 66
12 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 66

12.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 66
12.2 Industrial Safety and Health ......................................................................................... 67
12.3 Noise Limits ................................................................................................................... 67
13 ATTACHMENTS ............................................................................................................. 67
ATTACHMENT N° 1 SPACES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE)................... 68
ATTACHMENT N° 2 BY-PASS VALVES – GLOBE (PIPE SIZE IN INCHES) .............. 70
ATTACHMENT N° 3 EQUIPMENT PEDESTALS ELEVATIONS .................................... 72

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1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to establish the general requirements for the design of
various process piping systems, equipments and services necessary to develop of "EPC
OF CRUDE OIL PROCESSING PLANT OPERATIONS CENTER PETROMONAGAS
(COPEM) – BASIC ENGINEERING", to increase temporarily the processing capacity
while the third production train, with processing capacity of 210 MBPD extra heavy crude,
is constructed. The calculation methodology will be according to the codes and standards
used for the development of technical specifications and documents for the purchase of
equipment skid-type according to the contract-type of facilities adopted by Schlumberger.
2 SCOPE
Establish design criteria and basis, herein includes reference documents listed in Section
3 of this document, to be applied in the development of documents and drawings of the
Mechanical (piping and equipments) Discipline, as part of the development of "EPC OF
CRUDE OIL PROCESSING PLANT OPERATIONS CENTER PETROMONAGAS
(COPEM) – BASIC ENGINEERING", which is located near of the PETROMONAGAS
CENTRAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES in Morichal area, Independencia Municipality in
southeast of Anzoategui State, corresponding to the Carabobo division of the Orinoco Oil
Belt.
The information presented below of is general nature. For particular cases, the design will
be based on data provided in the documents referred to herein and/or the information
provided by equipment material’s manufacturer.
3 REFERENCE DOCUMENT, CODES AND APPLICABLE STANDARDS
For the development of these Mechanical Design Criteria, were taken as reference
documents detailed below.
3.1 Documents Reference
H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11001 Bases y Criterios de Diseño de Procesos
H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11003 Bases y Criterios de Diseño Civil
H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11005 Bases y Criterios de Diseño Automatización y Control
H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11004 Bases y Criterios de Diseño de Electricidad

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 5 de 73
3.2 Applicable Codes and Norms
All piping and equipments design are governed by codes, standards, procedures,
practices and documents listed in this section that form an integral part of this Document;
in case of any contradiction between the codes, standards, procedures and/or practices
for the project, it will override the more restrictive criteria, undergoing any deviation shall
be approval by COMPANY. Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these
documents, including relevant appendices and supplements, is the latest revision
published at the EFFECTIVE DATE of the CONTRACT; in all cases the latest available
revision of the applicable standard or code design specified the present document, will be
used.
Any divergence between any of the Contractual Reference Documents, or between this
specification and any other Contractual Reference Document, shall be reported to the
COMPANY for decision. In such a case, and unless otherwise agreed or decided by the
COMPANY, it’s understood that the more stringent requirement shall apply.
Exceptions to, or deviations from this Document are not permitted unless previously
accepted in writing by the COMPANY. For this purpose, requests for substitutions or
changes of any kind shall be complete with all pertinent information required for the
COMPANY assessment.
It is mandatory to use the latest version of PDVSA Norm.
3.3 National Standards
3.3.1 Standards for Location of Equipment and Facilities
For the location of equipment and the provision of free on escape routes, maintenance
and operation areas, the following PDVSA’s Standards were considered.
3.3.1.1 PDVSA’s Design Engineering Handbook
L-TPD-108.4 Plot Plan Preparation and Presentation

JA-221 Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities
JA-222 Seismic Design of Vessels and Structures
JB-251 Steel Structures Design
A-261 Criteria and Minimum Actions for Structures Design

L-TPD-108.4 Plot Plan Preparation and Presentation

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N-201 Electrical Works
O-203 Anti-corrosive Paints Systems Maintenance
H-201-O Pipeline Crossings
H-221 Piping Materials
H-223 Piping and Pipe Bends
H-251 Process and Utility Piping Design Requirements
HA-211-POT Valves and Materials for Pipelines
HG-251 Design Criteria of Supports for Pipelines
HG-252 Design Criteria of Stress in Piping Systems
O-201 Selection and Specification of Corrosion-Resistant Paint Systems
90622.1.001 Safety Guides in Design
10605.1.750 Accessibility and Space Valves
L-212 Insulation Material and In-Hot Service
90063-1-306 Anchor Bolts
90615.1.013 Seismic Loads in Vessels and Structures
90615.1.007 Foundations for Vertical Vessel
90615.1.008 Foundations for Horizontal Vessel
D-211 Pressure Vessel Design and Fabrication Specification
D-212 Requirements for the Repair, Alteration and Rerating of Pressure
Vessels
0602.1.410 Sliding Plates for Horizontal Vessels
0603.1.118 Eccentric Moments
0603.1.301 Saddles for Horizontal Vessels
10603.2.404 Insulation Supports for Vertical Vessels – Hot Service
A2.224 Insulation Supports for Horizontal Vessels – Hot Service

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A2.701 Vessels Tolerances (Vertical and Horizontal)
10603.2.101 Engineering Standard Manway Cover Hinge 150, 300 and 600
psi rating
10603.2.002 Nozzles Arrangement Details
10603.2.104 Internal Ladder Rung and Grab Rung
10603.2.105 Horizontal Davits with Modifications
10603.2.201 Support Legs for Vertical Vessels
10603.2.202 Steel Saddles for Concrete Supports
10603.2.203 Steel Saddles for Concrete Supports
10603.2.204 Skirt Base Details
10603.2.205 Opening in the skirt
10603.2.303 Feed Nozzle Supports
10603.2.304 Floating Hold Down Grating
10603.2.305 Grating and Supports
10603.2.402 Brackets for Nameplate
10603.2.404 Insulation Supports for Vessels – Hot Service
10603.2.406 Grounding Ear
10603.2.503 Tolerances for Storage Tanks
F-201 Atmospheric Storage Tanks
CB-201-P Low Pressure Flares
AM-211 Foundations for Metallic Tanks
FJ-251 Seismic Design of Metallic Tanks
90615.1.010 Foundations for Storage Tanks – Engineering Specification
EA-201-PR Shell and Tube Heat Exchange Equipment
90617.1.041 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

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L-TP2.1 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. Requisition, Bid Evaluation and
Purchase Details
PA-201-P Skid-Mounted Assemblies
L-TP2.2 Specifying Package Units
90616.1.021 Flare Systems
90616.1.022 Relief Systems
90616.1.029 Vent Systems
G-260 Lubrication System Oil Mist
GA-201 Centrifugal Pumps
GA-202 Positive Displacement Pumps
GA-203 Centrifugal Fire Pumps
GA-206 Specification for Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for
Chemical Process
GA-207 Specification for Vertical In-line Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical
Process
GB-203 Plant and Instrument Positive Displacement Air Compressors
GB-207 Specification for Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressor
Packages
K-334 Instrumentation Electrical Requirements
K-335 Packaged Unit Instrumentation
K-339 Rotative Equipments Instrumentation
K-341 Instrument Air System Criteria
K-371 Gearboxes Instrumentation
K-374 Compressors Instrumentation
K-375 Pumps Instrumentation
K-377 Motors Instrumentation
0602.2.021 Ladder & Stairs Pads

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0602.2.201 Stair Details
0602.2.221 Ladder and Safety Cage Details 450 MM Ladder
0602.2.222 Ladder Connections to Platform 450 MM Ladder
0602.2.261 Standard Circular Platform General Note & List of Standards
0602.2.262 Standard Circulator Platforms General Arrangements Plans
0602.2.264 Standard Circulator Platforms Bracket Details
0602.2.265 Standard Circulator Platforms Bracket and Clips Selection
0602.2.267 Standard Circulator Platforms Clip Detail
0602.2.012 Anchor Bolts Standards
3.3.1.2 PDVSA’s Risk Engineering Handbook
IR-M-01 Separation between Equipments and Facilities

IR-M-02 Location of Equipment and Facilities Relationship third parties
IR-M-03 Fire Fighting Water System
IR-M-04 Fire Fighting Foam System
IR-M-05 Special Fire Extinguishing Systems
IR-S-00 Definitions
IR-S-01 Safety Design Philosophy
IR-S-14 Asset Integrity
3.3.1.3 PDVSA’s Materials Specification Manual
EM-04-10/01 Polyethylene tape applied in cold and/or hot for Metallic Pipe
Coating
3.3.1.4 PDVSA’s Inspection Manual
PI-02-08-01 Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Tests for Pipe Systems

PI-03-02-01 Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials
PI-03-03-01 Tensile test for Metallic Materials

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PI-03-04-01 Impact Test
PI-20-01-00 Chemical Cleaning (General)
PI-20-01-01 Previous Inspection to Chemical Cleaning
PI-20-01-02 Inspection during Chemical Cleaning
PI-20-01-03 Inspection after Chemical Cleaning
PI-06-01-01 Welding (General)
PI-06-01-02 Instructions for Preparation of Welding Procedure Specification
(WPS)
PI-09-01-00 Pressure Vessels (General)
PI-09-03-00 Pressure Vessels (Fabrication Stage)
PI-10-01-01 Heat Exchanger (General)
PI-10-01-02 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
PI-11-01-01 Welded Storage Tanks for Hydrocarbons and Derivatives
PI-12-02-01 Vibrations in Rotary Machinery
PI-12-03-01 Rotors Balancing
PI-12-04-01 Mechanical Seals for Rotary Equipments
PI-12-05-01 Reciprocating Compressors
PI-12-05-02 Centrifugal and Rotary Compressors
PI-12-09-01 Gearboxes
PI-12-12-01 Noise Control
PI-12-13-01 Lubricating Oils
PI-12-14-01 Centrifugal Pumps
PI-12-14-02 Reciprocating Pumps
PI-12-14-04 Rotary Pumps - Positive Displacement
PI-12-14-06 Chemical Metering Pumps

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PI-99-09-05 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers (except straight tubes)
PI-99-13-02 Rotary and Screw Pumps
PI-99-13-03 Sump Pumps
PI-99-13-04 Chemical Injection or Metering Pumps
PI-99-18-01 Header Boxes
PI-99-21-00 Flares, Burners and Components
3.3.1.5 COVENIN’s Norms (Venezuelan Industrial Standards Commission)
200 National Electrical Code

1565 Occupational Noise. Hearing Conservation Program.
Permissible Levels and Evaluation Criteria
2239 Flammable and Combustible Materials, storage and handling.
Part I. Liquids
2453 Centrifugal Pumps for Use in Extinguishing Systems Fire
3621-2000 Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities
3622-2000 Seismic Design of Vessels
3623-2000 Seismic Design of Metallic Tanks
3.4 International Standards
3.4.1 MCA (Air Movement and Control Association)
AMCA 220-91 Test Methods for Air Curtains Units

AMCA 99-2406-03 Designation of Rotation and Discharge of Centrifugal Fans
AMCA 99-2404-03 Drive Arrangements for Centrifugal Fans
AMCA 204-96 Quality and Vibration Levels for Fans
3.4.2 ANSI (American National Standard Institute)
ANSI A14.3 Fixed Ladders – Safety Requirements.
3.4.3 ANSI (American National Standard Institute)

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B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form).
B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch).
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½ through NPS 24
inch.
B16.9 Factory Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings.
B16.10 Face-To-Face and End-To-End Dimensions of Valves.
B16.11 Forged Steel Fitting, Socket Welding and Threaded.
B16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges Ring Joint, Spiral Wound and
Jacketed.
B16.21 Nonmetallic Gaskets for Pipes Flanges.
B16.25 Buttwelding Ends.
B16.34 Steel Valves, Flanged and Buttwelding Ends.
B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges. NPS 26 Through NPS 60
Metric/Inch Standard.
B18.2.1 Square, Hex, Heavy Hex, and Askew Head Bolts and Hex,
Heavy Hex, Hex Flange, Lobed Head, and Lag Screws.
B18.2.2 Nuts for General Applications: Machine Screw Nuts, Hex,
Square, Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts.
B31.3 Process Piping.
B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries.
B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping System.
B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe.
B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe.
B36.19M Stainless Steel Pipe.
B73.1M Specification for Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for
Chemical Process.
B73.2M Specification for Vertical In-line Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical
Process.

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ASME Section I Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Rules for Construction of
Power Boilers.
ASME Section II Materials.
ASME Section V Nondestructive Examination.
ASME Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels.
Div.1
ASME Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels. Alternative rules.
Div.2
ASME Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications.
ASME Section X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels.
3.4.4 MSS (Manufacturer´s Standard Specifications)
MSS SP-44 Steel Pipe Line Flanges

MSS SP-45 Bypass and Drain Connection Standard
MSS SP-58 Pipe Hangers and Supports - Material, Design and Manufacture
MSS SP-69 Pipe Hangers and Supports - Selection and Application
MSS SP-75 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings (26 inches and larger)
3.4.5 API (American Petroleum Institute)
5L Line Pipe Specification

6D Specification for Pipeline Valves (Gate, Plug, Ball and Check
Valves)
6FA Specification for Fire Test for Valves
11C Specification for Internal-Combustion Reciprocating Engines for
Oil-Field Service
12D Specification for Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Production
Liquids
12F Specification for shop welded tanks for storage of production
liquids

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12K Specification for Indirect Type Oil-Field Heaters
12L Specification for Vertical and Horizontal Emulsion Treaters
12P Specification for Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Tanks
520 Recommended Practice for the Design and Installation of
Pressure Relieving Systems in Refineries
Part I: Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-Relieving
Devices in Refineries – Sizing and Selection.
Part II: Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-Relieving
Devices in Refineries – Installation.
521 Guide for Pressure Relief and Depressurizing Systems
526 Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves
598 Valve Inspection and Test
600 Bolted Bonnet Steel Gate Valves, Flanged, Threaded, Welding
and Extended Body Ends
610 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical, and
Gas Industry Services
613 Special Purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas
Industry Services
614 Lubrication, Shaft-sealing, and Control-oil Systems and
Auxiliaries for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
616 Gas Turbines for the Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry
Services
617 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors
for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
619 Rotary Type Positive Displacement Compressors for Petroleum
Chemical and Gas Industry Services
620 Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-pressure
Storage Tanks
650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
653 Tanks Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction

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660 Shell-and-tube Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
661 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
662 Part 1 - Plate Heat Exchangers For General Refinery Services
670 Machinery Protection Systems
671 Special Purpose Couplings for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas
Industry Services
672 Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for
Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
674 Positive Displacement Pumps – Reciprocating
675 Positive Displacement Pumps – Controlled Volume
676 Positive Displacement Rotary Pumps
682 Pumps – Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary
Pumps
686 Recommended Practice for machinery installation
1104 Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities
2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks. Non-
Refrigerated and Refrigerated
2028 Flame Arresters in Piping Systems
2250 Method for Measurement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical
Tanks
3.4.6 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
A53 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,

Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless.
A105 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping

Applications.
A106 Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for
High-Temperature Service.
A193 Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel

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Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and
Other Special Purpose Applications.
A194 Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts
for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both.
A234 Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon
Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature
Service.
The materials shall meet ASTM Standards and, in the case of pressure vessels shall also
comply with the ASME Standards.
3.4.7 AISC (American Industry of Steel Construction)
S-326 Design, Material, Fabrication and Erection
3.4.8 AWS (American Welding Society)
AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code

AWS D1.6 Structural Welding Code – Stainless Steel
3.4.9 ANSI / AWWA (American National Standards Institute / American Water Works
Association)
ANSI / AWWA D100 Welded Steel Tanks for Water Storage

ANSI / AWWA D102 Coating Steel Water-Storage Tanks
3.4.10 ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
ISO15156 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Materials for use

containing Environment in oil and gas production
ISO 148-1 Charpy pendulum impact test
ISO 6607-1/2 Vickers hardness test scale A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T
ISO 6508-1/2 Rockwell hardness test scale A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T
ISO 1217 Displacement Compressors Acceptance Test
ISO 1940 Balance quality requirements for rotors in a constant (rigid)
state – Part 1: Specification and verification of balance

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tolerances
ISO 10440-2 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Rotary Type Positive
Displacement Pumps
ISO 9712 Non-destructive testing – Qualification and certification of
personnel
3.4.11 NACE International (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)
NACE 0175 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Materials for use in
H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production
3.4.12 NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
NFPA 10 Portable Fire Extinguishers

NFPA 11 Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam
NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
NFPA 16 Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and
Foam–Water Spray Systems
NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire
Protection
NFPA 22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection
NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
3.4.13 SSPC (Society for Protective Coatings)
SSPC-SP-1 Solvent Cleaning

SSPC SP-2 Hand Tool Cleaning
SSPC SP-3 Power Tool Cleaning
SSPC SP-5 White Metal Blast Cleaning
SSPC-SP-6 Commercial Blast Cleaning
SSPS-SP-7 Brush-Off Blast Cleaning

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SSPC-SP-10 Near White Blast Cleaning
SSPC-SP-11 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal
SSPC-SP-12 Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Steel and Other Hard
Materials by High- and Ultra High- Pressure Water Jetting Prior
to Recoating
SSPC-SP-13 Surface Preparation of Concrete
SSPC-SP-14 Industrial Blast Cleaning
3.4.14 TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturer Association)
TEMA Standard, 9TH Edition
3.4.15 Others
ASCE Std. 7 American Society of Civil Engineers Std. 7
4 DEFINITIONS
The following terms are used in this document:
CLIENT: It refers to PETROMONAGAS S.A, it includes the legal successors or assignees

of the customer. Who will be the end user of plant to be designed by CONSULTANT.
COMPANY: It refers to Schlumberger Venezuela S.A, it includes the legal successors or

assignees of the COMPANY. Contracting entity of INELECTRA.
COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE: The person authorized by COMPANY to follow-up and

make decisions regarding the service.
VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER: Responsible for the design, procurement of

materials and parts, manufacturing, testing and assistance during installation, startup and
delivery of the equipments, piping and materials covered by this document under the
terms set forth herein according to the purchasing orders.
THE INSPECTOR: Refers to the COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE who is assigned to the

Inspection of equipments and piping specified under the terms set forth herein according
to the purchasing orders.
EQUIPMENTS: these are defined in the document “Equipment List – Process, Services
and Auxiliary Systems” No. H1M0011501-CO413-PD11007.

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ACCESS ROUTES AND ESCAPE: Are defined as steps or paths free routines required
for operation, maintenance and escape in case of fire.
REFERENCE LEVEL: For the Project is considered as a reference elevation of land in

accordance with the modified topography measure the average sea level.
BATTERY LIMIT: Are the limits within which has responsibility for the design, for the
present project.
COORDINATES SYSTEM: then coordinate systems are indicated for use in the Project,
according to SIRGAS – REGVEN UTM, based on Geographical Information Systems
(GIS).
MAIN AREAS OF OPERATION: Are defined as those areas at ground level or higher,
where plant operations personnel will be continuously present at least once per shift.
AREAS OF AUXILLIARY SERVICE: Are defined as those other areas of the plant at
ground level or higher where plant operations personnel will be present only if required
his presence.
5 NUMBERING AND TAGGING OF PIPING AND EQUIPMENTS
The system used for the identification and tagging of piping and equipments for the
installation of the Early Production Station (EPF), which is part of the "Basic and Detailed
Engineering Oil Processing Plant Petromonagas in Petromonagas Operating Centre
(COPEM)"
The tagging system adopted is based on the procedure described in PDVSA Norms,
Design Engineering Handbook Volume 15, L-TP1.3 "Identification of Equipment, Process
Piping and Instruments".
The units of measurement to be used for equipments and piping in documents, drawings,
calculations and other documents will be the English system unless specifies otherwise.
The calculation procedures established in another system will present their results in the
specified system.
6 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
The units of measurement to be used for equipments and piping in documents,

drawings,calculations and other documents will be the English system, defined in the
document “Bases y Criterios de Diseño de Procesos” No. H1M0011503-CO4D3-
GD11001 (Section 9).

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 20 de 73
The calculation procedures established in another system will present their results in the
pecified system.
For purposes of this project, the point (".") as decimal separator and the comma (",") as
thousands separator unit will be used hereinafter.
7 PROJECT LANGUAGE
The Project language will be Spanish. For documents used for equipments purchase will
be in English.
8 FACILITY LOCATION
The Oil Treatment Plant Petromonagas Early Production will be located in an area of
approximately 12.85 Ha, around to 100 m. Petromonagas Operating Centre (COPEM) in
the area of Morichal, southeast of the Anzoategui State, Independence Municipality
corresponding to the Carabobo Division Orinoco Oil Belt, which it shares some services
and operational functions. The Table 1 shows the reference coordinates (PTO-01)
Table 1. Reference coordinates for the Oil Treatment

Plant Petromonagas Early Production.
UTM Coordinates, Datum
East North
483.000 959.800
The coordinates of New Early Production Station (EPF) agree to the interconnection point
with the Petromonagas Operations Centre (COPEM) adjacent thereto, referred to as
indicated in the Implementation Plan Civil Modular Plant - Proposal 02 No. COPEM -PM -
5- ENG - 002 Rev.B, June 2015.
Table 2. Coordinates of the interconnection point between Oil Treatment

Plant Petromonagas Early Production and COPEM.
Support Coordinates
Points North East Cotes
COPEM-2 961079.690 483130.490 81.720
GPS-112 960985.480 483141.270 82.300
New Modular Plant Coordinates
VD-01 960008.00 482853.00
VD-02 959976.00 483115.00
VD-03 960036.00 483184.00
VD-04 959601.00 483016.00
VD-05 959759.00 483394.00

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 21 de 73
8.1 Site Conditions
The environmental conditions of the installation site to be used during the project
implementation are defined in the document “Bases y Criterios de Diseño de Procesos”
No. H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11001 (Section 10). According to the Venezuelan Standard
COVENIN 1756-1-2001 and document reference “Requerimientos de Diseño” No. 2012-
TM-GIC-069 supplied by CLIENT.
9 FACILITY GENERAL LAYOUT
9.1 General
The main consideration in the implementation of equipments and piping systems at the
plant is to provide an effective operation, safe, economical, easy to operate and maintain.
Arrangements must be compact and generally senses satisfy process flow, typical for a
modular plant. Spaces will be considered for safe and reliable access for operation and
maintenance of the plant.
All materials and equipment shall be new, they shall be clean and free of rusts,
subsidence or any other defect. The materials and chosen equipment shall satisfy the
limitations of pressure and permissible temperature that area specified in the present
document.
The Piping System is designed for the worst pressure / temperature condition and all load
shall be included. It might exists differences between the material of the Piping and the
established material specifications by norm due to the design conditions. These
differences shall be allowed only if they are equal or improve the requisites of approved
material by COMPANY.
9.2 Battery Limit of Early Production Plant (EPF)
The battery limits established in the Project are listed in the “PLOT PLANT
CONCEPTUAL IMPLANTACION PLANTA MODULAR” preliminary received of CLIENT
and defined in the document No. H1M0011401-CO4I3-GD11001 “BASES Y CRITERIOS
DE DISEÑO" Section 8.8.
9.3 Equipments Location
All process equipment should be located in accordance with the Section 3.3.1.2 National
standards, part PDVSA’s Risk Engineering Handbook, Norms No. IR-M-01 and IR-M-02.
These must be optimized space but always considering safety.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 22 de 73
All piping Process and Services will be designed according to documents, codes and
standards identified in Section 3 of this specification.
In the event of any conflict between the requirements set forth in any document, code,
standard and / or the specification; CONSULTANT get clarification of the case, by the
COMPANY before proceeding.
10 DESIGN CRITERIA
10.1 General
All the materials and equipment shall be new, they shall be clean and free of rusts,
subsidence or any other defect.
The materials and chosen equipment shall satisfy the limitations of pressure and
permissible temperature that are specified in the present document.
The Piping system is designed for the worst pressure / temperature condition and all load
shall be included.
It might exist differences between the material of the Piping and the established material
specifications by norm due to the design conditions. These differences shall be allowed
only if they are equal or improve the requisites of approved material by THE COMPANY.
10.2 General Piping Design Criteria
All piping shall be arranged in a simple and orderly manner, as much as possible, to
achieve economical use of space and minimize pressure drop without actually prevent or
hinder access to equipment for operation and maintenance.
Piping arrangements are sufficiently flexible to absorb the thermal effects and prevent
system failures.
In all the lines within the battery limit the process units are arranged on raised supports.
Except to the drainage lines.
The use of pipe trenches, inside the units will be avoided where possible.
Lines outside the battery limits generally be routed to ground level on sleepers, except in
areas adjacent to units requiring vehicular or pedestrian access.
Pipes insulated for hot service in 3 " (NPS) and larger will not be supported directly on the
steel structures and will be provided with saddles long enough to handle any possible line
expansion.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 23 de 73
Dead at the end of the heads and pockets on the lines points will be avoided.
Multiple lines or services will be grouped in the lower levels of the structures ("Pipe
Racks") wherever possible.
Pipes supported in common structures must have the same elevation at the bottom of
deck for isolated lines must have the same elevation of the lower portion of the lines not
isolated.
The difference in elevation between north-south lines and lines direction east-west
direction shall be at least 750 mm.
Changes in direction and elevation angles will be 90° as much as possible.
Turns on the same plane can be used if the arrangement allows.
Direction changes will be made with butt welding long radius elbows ("Buttweld"), screw
or plug type according to the specification of piping materials. If space does not permit the
use of long radius elbows butt welded, short radius elbows can be used.
Structural supports on pipe bridges or concrete sleepers are usually spaced at 6000 mm
centers, and the minimum diameter of the pipes to be supported will be 2” (NPS) above
said supports.
Nominal pipe sizes (NPS) 1-¼ ", 2-½", 3-½ ", 5" and 7" shall not be used unless they are
required for connection to equipment and should be kept to a minimum. Equipment
connections made to these sizes, the pipes will be adjusted to a standard size
immediately adjacent to the connection via a special flange or reducer.
The sizes (NPS) lines permissible inch pipes are ½", ¾", 1", 1-½", 2", 3", 4", 6", 8", 10",
12", 14", 16", 18", 20", 24" (NPS) and larger in increments of 6" (NPS) that are
guaranteed by the ASME B36.10 standard.
Dead spots in the pipes to facilitate the use of media will not be allowed in process lines,
in these cases the type "dummy" media will be used.
Piping arrangements are planned for easy removal of the equipment and / or components
for inspection, servicing and / or maintenance.
Maintenance areas are free of pipes as far as possible.
Control valves, relief valves, etc. will be accessible from platforms or ground level and
grouped in the main operating level.
The piping, valves and fittings will be designed for a service life of 10 years.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 24 de 73
10.2.1 Clearances for Operation and Maintenance
Free space for equipment, structures, platforms, pipelines and their supports shall be in
accordance with Attachment No.1.
A minimum clearance of 25 mm (1 inch) is required between parallel lines, to remove or

maintain a line of pipes, taking into account the outermost part of the insulation or
between the outside of the flange and the adjacent pipe.
Thermal movements will be taken into consideration in determining the gap between
lines.
The lowest point of the flanges or insulated lines located in trenches is 75 mm (3 in)
above the floor of the trench minimum.
The minimum horizontal clearance for pedestrian walkway between piping and
mechanical equipment shall be 915 mm (36 in).
10.2.2 Materials
Pipe materials for different kinds of pressure, temperature and service will be subject to
the requirements in accordance to PDVSA Norm H-221, OCN-CPF-SP-G-00-2004-420
“Piping Material Specifications Cerro Negro DB | GFM Project” and HS011001-CO0D3-
MD16304 “Piping Material Specification Addendum”.
10.2.3 Design Pressure and Temperature
The pressures and temperatures to be used as a basis for the design of piping systems
and the selection of materials will be subject to the requirements of ASME B31.3, with
maximum operating conditions shown in the respective documents of processes, such as
those are: DTI's, Lines List processes and services, etc.
The pipeline will be designed for the more severe condition of coincident pressure and
temperature expected during normal operation of the line, taking into account the
following considerations:
• The design pressure of the equipment which will be connected. In the different
specifications will be established start-up, operation and shutdown conditions of all
equipment and associated systems. See more details on Document No.
H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11001 “BASES Y CRITERIOS DE DISEÑO DE
PROCESOS” and each one of the Equipment’s Technical Specification.
• The noise level indicated in particular data sheet for each equipment.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 25 de 73
• In case of applying thermal insulation and/or paint, these are made in accordance with
applicable specifications for the Project.
• The burst pressure of the safety valve which protects the system.
Piping discharge line of a centrifugal pump is not protected by a safety valve will be
designed to the highest value of:
• The maximum suction pressure over the normal pressure differential.
• Plus the maximum pressure Normal suction pressure differential.
All operating below atmospheric pressure systems will be designed to vacuum condition
("Full Vacuum").
All pipes out of the battery limits will be designed for a closed valve condition in the
battery limit the entire plant (offsite) destination.
10.2.4 Allowable Corrosion Thickness
The minimum allowed corrosion thickness in accordance to PDVSA Norm H-221, OCN-
CPF-SP-G-00-2004-420 “Piping Material Specifications Cerro Negro DB | GFM Project”
and HS011001-CO0D3-MD16304 “Piping Material Specification Addendum”, for all piping
systems.
As allowed for the carbon steel pipe corrosion plan will be according to the following
conditions:
• 1/16” (1,5875 mm) - Carbon Steel Non-corrosive services.
• 1/8” (3,175 mm) - Carbon Steel corrosive services.
• 1/4” (6,35 mm) -Carbon Steel (Acid or wet services).
• 1/8” (3,175 mm) - Low alloy (< 9% chromo).
• Corrosion allowance shall be the necessary to archived the useful life, based in the
corrosion rated expected.- High alloy (> = 9% chromo).
• 1/16" - Carbon Steel with integral cladding. No one in metal base Skirt and saddle
external part.
For equipment corrosion allowance thickness of 0.125" it is recommended which must be

indicated on all data sheets equipment.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 26 de 73
10.2.5 Changes in the Material Specification
When a piping system of a class of materials is connected to a piping system of a class

("rating") increased, the connected system will be built with the kind of senior class
("rating") up to and including the first valve this system.
When the containers have higher "ratings" that connected lines, valves connected to the
computer have the same "rating" of the equipment if they remain normally closed during
operation.
10.2.6 Flanges
The use of flanges in pipes connections is limited to equipment, valves or in special

cases, such as:
• Where frequent maintenance of piping required.
• To provide clearance for the decommissioning of equipment.
• Where it is anticipated connections to future.
Weld Neck Flanges (WN) for pipe diameter greater than or equal to 2" (NPS) flange (SW)
for diameters less than 2" (NPS) will be used.
The cast iron flanges, Class 125 and 250 comply with the specifications of the ASME
B16.1 standard.
Flanges Class 150 to 1500 size ≤ 24" (NPS) and Class 2500-12" (NPS) will be submitted
for Specification ASME B16.5.
Flanges Class 150 to Class 900, with larger sizes of 26"(NPS) perform in accordance with
ASME B.16.47. Use the Series A flanges in applications in plant and where there are
space limitations.
Flange not corresponding to the standards ASME B16.5, ASME B16.1 or ASME B16.47
shall be specified and approved by COMPANY.
All flanges shall be identified and marked in accordance with MSS-SP-25.
10.2.7 Welded and Screwed Fittings
All butt weld less than or equal to 48" (NPS) Accessories "must comply with the ASME
16.9 standard and MSS-SP-75.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 27 de 73
The 90° elbows be long haul. They should not use elbows shop fabricated. If different
angle turns 45° or 90° are required, they shall be manufactured from elbows 90° and 45°.
When bends are substituted for butt-welding elbows, the pipe wall thickness at the
thinnest point after bending, less corrosion allowance, shall not be less than the
calculated thickness required for pressure and temperature. Fabricated fittings, branch
connections, and pipe bends shall meet the requirements of installation and quality
control.
Pipe bends shall only be made from the pipe specified for the service except that only
seamless pipe or EFW pipe (which has had 100% radiographic or ultrasonic inspection of
the longitudinal seam and an Ej = 1.0) may be used.
Neither creased nor corrugated pipe bends may be used (306.2.2 of ASME B31.3).
The use of screwed fittings shall be limited to galvanized malleable iron fittings except
couplings may be used in instrument air and water services.
The wall thickness of the small end of a swaged nipple shall not be less than that of the
larger end.
Threaded bushings, street ells, close nipples, and all-thread nipples shall not be used.
Couplings shall be steel, minimum Class 3000 rating.
Threaded elbolets or full length couplings threaded one end only may be substituted for
threadolets for instrument, vent and drain connections on elbows.
Solid round pipe plugs shall be used for threaded end closures in flammable, toxic, or
corrosive service. Plug material shall have a corrosion resistance equal or greater than
the pipe.
The 90° elbows be long haul. They should not use elbows shop fabricated. If different
angle turns 45° or 90° are required, they shall be manufactured from elbows 90° and 45°.
Accessories Socket weld and Carbon steel threaded:
a. It shall be used for unions in Piping of: 1/4", 1/2", 3/4", 1 ", 1 1/2" (NPS)
b. Dimensions: In accordance with the code ASME B16.11.
c. Class Type:
- Class 2.000 and 6.000 - Accessories weld.
- Class 3.000 and 9.000 - Accessories socket weld.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 28 de 73
d. For class < 9000#, the Piping joints shall be assembled in accordance with the
chapter 2.2 of the code ASME B16.11 last issue.
All accessories will be marked in accordance with MSS-SP-25 standard. The preparation
of the butt weld ends shall be in accordance with ASME 16.25.
10.2.8 Gaskets and Studs
Non-metallic gaskets, asbestos-free, for flanged pipe joints must comply with
ASME B16.21.
Metallic gaskets for flanged pipe joints correspond to ASME B16.20, and must have
internal reinforcing ring.
Sizes and limitations for flanged pipe fittings up to 24 "agree as specified in ASME B16.5.
Dimensions of gaskets for flanges larger than 24" should be subject to standard flanges
specified for the particular pipe class.
The dimensions of the studs shall correspond to the provisions of the ASME B18.2.1.
Nuts for studs shall be hexagonal heavy American series to ASME B18.2.2.
For steel piping operating above –20F, alloy steel studs ASTM A193 Grade B7, with
ASTM A194 Class 2H semi-finished heavy hex nuts shall be used except for sulphide
stress cracking service where stud bolts shall be ASTM A193 Grade B7M. For steel
piping operating below –20F, ie: blowdown service, ASTM A320, Gr L7 studs, with ASTM
A194, Gr 7 semi-finished hex nuts shall be used, except for sulfide stress cracking
services where stud bolts shall be ASTM A320, Gr L7M.
For sizing studs flanges from 1/2" to 24" (NPS) ASME B16.5 will be used, for older
flanges 24 "Standard Class indicated in particular pipes were used.
10.2.9 Valves
10.2.9.1 General
The following give specific COMPANY requirements regarding the selection and use of
valves. Valves shall be in accordance with piping material class sheets in PDVSA Norm
H-221 and OCN-CPF-SP-G-00-2004-420 “Piping Material Specifications Cerro Negro DB
GFM Project” and the following:
a. Drain, bleed or by-pass connections may be tapped into a valve body where
necessary to simplify piping or to insure complete drainage.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 29 de 73
b. When required for slow warm-up or pressurization, valved bypasses shall be provided
on block valves as shown on Project P&I Diagrams. The bypass valve and the
fabrication of the bypass shall conform to the same piping classification as the
principal valve.
The bypass valve shall be of the globe or angle type of an equal or higher pressure class
than the main valve.
10.2.9.2 Types of Valves

a) Ball Valves
Ball valves shall only be used in clean service.
Welded body ball valves are preferred, however three piece ball valves may be used if
the ends, end seals, and through bolting are adequately designed to resist the design
hydrostatic end forces, expected bending moments, and design temperatures.
Ball valves of the end-assembled type shall not rely on adjacent pipe work for safe
operation.
Ball valve shall be reduced port type except where specified as fullbore on the P&ID’s. In
addition, ball valves used for isolation of relief valves shall be full port.
b) Gate Valves
Rising stem gate valves shall be provided with a stem thread protector. This thread
protector shall be clear or be provided with another method of determining the stem
position. A rod attached to the end of the stem and fitted through a weather seal on top of
the thread protector is an acceptable alternate. Stems on 2" (NPS) and smaller gate
valves may be protected with a heavy application.
c) Globe Valves
Globe valves in accordance with ASME B16.34 and metal to metal seats shall be used for
limited throttling services.
d) Check Valves
Check valves shall not be installed in vertical lines in which the flow is downward.
For erosive service and for piping that is to be pigged, only swing check valves shall be
used.
e) Block and Bleed Valves for Segregation

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 30 de 73
All isolation valve shall be suitable for block and bleed service, where single valves are
indicated on the flow sheet. This shall be a double-seated valve with a drain between the
seats in accordance with API 6D. These valves shall be suitable for the service conditions
and are subject to COMPANY approval. Fire test results shall also be subject to
COMPANY approval.
The type of valve is according to the Technical Specification for Materials. Face-to-face
gate valves, globe, check, ball and plug dimensions are in accordance with ASME
B16.10.
Block valves are generally gate, ball, butterfly or plug. Globe valves in sizes of 3 "(NPS)
and higher will be used only when regulation service (restriction) required.
Plug valves will be used (when conditions operating temperature is within acceptable
limits) instead of gate valves for services with solids to prevent loss of seal in the valve.
Operators gear (manual) will be supplied to the gate valves and globe (which are
operated more than four times a year), ball and cap and butterfly (fire-safe) in the
following sizes and higher as shown in Table 3:
Table 3. Gear Operators (Manual) for Valves.
Butterfly –
Gate or Globe Ball or Plug
Security (3)
Class in. mm in. mm in. mm

150 (1) 14 350 8 200 8 200
300 (2) 10 250 8 200 6 150
400 8 200 6 150 4 100
Table 4. Gear Operators (Manual) for Valves.(continuance)
Butterfly –
Gate or Globe Ball or Plug
Security (3)
Class in. mm in. mm in. mm

600 8 200 6 150 4 100
900 6 150 4 100 – –
1500 4 100 3 80 – –
2500 3 80 3 80 – –
Source: PDVSA H-251, Process and Utility Piping Design
Requirements, Rev. 1 Dec 98.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 31 de 73
NOTES:
(1) Includes ASME Class 125 and 250 cast iron.
(2) Iincludes ASME Class 300 Ductile Iron
(3) Generally, this valve type not available above ASME class 600.
a. The Valve is to be used in service conditions that it be opened or

closed as quickly as possible in the event of equipment malfunction
operation failure.
b. The Valves for which gearing is to be supplied shall be indicated on

the applicable P&I diagrams.
For Class 600 (ASME) and over, valves shall be provided with pressure equalizing
bypass globe valve, as indicated in Attachment N° 2, when the operating differentia
pressure across the closed valve approximately equal the pressure rating of the valve at
the operating temperature.
Integral valve bypass shall not be used unless absolutely required due to design
limitations. If used shall be globe valves, only.
The bypass valve and the related bypass piping shall be of the same piping class as the
principal valve.
10.2.9.3 Valve Sizing

Valves required to be full bore for line pigging or other purposes shall be so marked on
the Project P&I Diagrams, except that relief valve isolation valves shall be full port.
10.2.9.4 Valve Pressure and Temperature Rating

Steel valves manufactured in accordance with API 6D, 594, 599, 600, 602, 603, 606, 608,
and 609 also are acceptable within the pressure-temperature ratings stated in these
Standards.
10.2.10 Blinds
Blinds (Pancakes and spacers) shall normally be installed on all process lines at battery
limits and where required to facilitate testing, inspections or maintenance of equipment.
Blind and eight figures needed for operation plant, systems tests, etc. Blinds shall be in
accordance with the specified in the table 326.1 of ASME B31.3.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 32 de 73
10.2.11 Bypasses
The "Bypasses" around equipment and control valves shall be supplied only to the extent
required for normal operation and as shown in the P&ID.
10.2.12 Bolts
The dimensions of the bolts must correspond with the provisions of the ASME B18.2.1.
The nuts for the bolts must be American heavy hexagonal series ASME B18.2.2.
The tolerances shall be Clase 2A and 2B for bolts and nuts respectively. Nuts for bolts
shall be of the American Hexagonal Heavy series.
When bolts A193 Gm. B7 are specified, they must fit to the conditions of temperature of
the liquid.
Bolts shall be of continuous thread and with hexagonal heavy nuts with the following
features:
a. Bolts of continuous thread.
- Dimensions: For ASME B16.5
- Tolerances: For ASME B16.5 and ASME B1.1
- Material: Table A-2 "Design Stress Values for Bolting Materials" by ASME B31.3
- Thread:
- For 1/4" up to 1" for ASME B1.1 UNC-2A.
- For 1 1/8" up to 3 1/2" for ASME B1.1 8UN-2A.
b. Hexagonal Heavy nut
- Dimensions: For ASME B18.2.2.
- Tolerances: For ASME B18.2.2. and ASME B1.1
- Material: Table A-2 "Design Stress Values for Bolting Materials" by ASME B31.3
- Thread:
- For 1/4" up to 1" for ASME B1.1 UNC-2B
- For 1 1/8" up to 3 1/2" for ASME B1.1 8UN-2B

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 33 de 73
- All bolts and nuts shall be coated with PTFE, or equivalent material.
10.3 Piping Design and Layouts (General)
10.3.1 Considerations for expansion and flexibility of the pipes
Provisions (anchors, guides, etc.) and forecast (space, for example) to thermal expansion
and contraction will be considered on the lines according to ASME B31.3.
Provisions for thermal expansion will normally be made with expansion loops, anchors
and guides. Prestressed cold and expansion joints will be avoided where possible and
could be used only with the approval of the COMPANY.
Piping systems shall be designed so that the moments and forces exerted on the nozzles
of the mechanical equipment do not exceed the permissible reactions, according to
manufacturers and / or applicable standards.
The selection of the computer flexibility analysis program is subject to COMPANY

approval. Any computerized stress analysis shall clearly print out input data and
computed stresses and reactions for all significant points in the piping system. The
analysis shall include applicable test loads, wind, seismic, and weights of piping
components (e.g., valves). Also, the analysis shall include linear and angular movements
of the equipment to which the piping is attached, significant friction forces at support
points, likely deflection of supporting structures, and expected settlement. The analysis
shall compute the displacement stress range (SE) and the sum of the longitudinal
stresses (SL) for both the sustained loads and for the sum of the sustained loads and the
occasional loads.
Thermal, pressure, and weight (including applicable wind or seismic, whichever is

greater) loads at design conditions shall be combined to calculate the nozzle loads on all
connected equipment (e.g., pumps, turbines, compressors, ex changers, pressure
vessels).
Nozzle loads for the thermal case, the pressure and weight case, the pressure and weight
case plus seismic or wind (whichever is greater), and the combined thermal, pressure and
weight cases shall be compared with the equipment manufacturer's recommendations.
Piping reactions against equipment shall not exceed the manufacturer's
recommendations or limits in local codes, whichever is less. Where rotating equipment
manufacturers make no recommendations, the reactions shall not exceed the limits in the
appropriate API Standard (e.g., API 610).
Relief valve discharge piping shall be designed to accommodate thermal effects of

discharge, such as auto-refrigeration of expanding liquified gases or sudden heating
during high-temperature release, and for discharge reaction.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 34 de 73
Expansion bends shall preferably be located in a horizontal plane.
In addition to stress analysis, piping systems shall be reviewed for the possibility of flow
induced vibration, pressure pulse induced vibration and hydraulic surge. This includes,
but is not limited to, compressor piping, high velocity gas lines (including relief valve
discharge lines), and loading lines. The method of analysis and computer program used
for this analysis is subject to COMPANY approval.
The installation arrangement of any expansion joint shall be subject to approval by

COMPANY and should be reviewed by the joint manufacturer. This approval and review
shall include service conditions, anchors, guides, supports and piping configuration and
all necessary calculations.
General preconditions for the basic engineering phase:
• For piping systems studied will be made only static analysis, due to operating
conditions, sustained and thermal expansion.
• Verification is carried loads on equipment nozzles cases connections tanks, drums

bleed (KOD) and venting systems (Flares) only.
• Except for the lines connected to the equipment referred to above, will only be
considered for the analysis of flexible pipes greater than or equal to 24 diameter ", with
special attention to those who are in pipe bridges and sleepers ("Piperack/Pipeway ").
• In piping systems where there are branches that have the same geometric
configuration and operational conditions, the most critical is modeled as a typical
arrangement.
• The effects of earthquakes and wind evaluated as equivalent static loads
• Verification of the occasional efforts piping arrangements will be made under the
following considerations:
- To wind: This analysis applies to heights above 9 meters lines whose diameters
are greater than or equal to 12".
- For earthquake: This analysis applies to pipes diameter greater than or equal to
24 "straight lengths” greater than 30 meters.
• No quake will be combined with "steam out," hydrostatic test or wind.
• To process conditions list lines were used in its last issue.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 35 de 73
• Those lines will not be scanned with diameters or process conditions are defined by
processes not found in the latest revision of the list of lines.
• The piping material specifications in its latest issue will be used.
• For verification efforts pipelines will be considered pipe sections both buried and
surface, as well as road and river passes.
10.3.2 Supports and Anchors Bolts
The following gives specific COMPANY requirements for pipe supports.
a. Supports shall be designed and arranged to prevent excessive stresses, strains,

deflections, or variations of support effort, and to compensate for possible resonance of
imposed vibration, such as may be caused by reciprocating pumps and compressors. The
design of supports for piping subject to vibration shall recognize the need for restraint.
When designing for wind loading on exposed piping, apply the shape factors for wind
loading given in ASME A58.1.
b. Supports for piping at equipment shall be designed so that excessive forces and
bending moments caused by temperature changes shall not be transmitted to the
equipment. Where deck level pipe supports are required at pumps, compressors or
turbines, they shall be supported on integral extensions of the equipment support
structure, and not be anchored to the equipment baseplate.
c. Supports shall be placed as near as practicable to both lateral and vertical hanges in
direction, yet be designed to not interfere with operation or maintenance.
d. The design of all piping supports and pipe supporting elements shall assume that the
piping shall be subjected to hydrostatic testing (321.1 of ASME B31.3). Spring supports
shall be protected against overload during hydrostatic test. All restraints or stops installed
for this purpose shall be removed immediately after the hydro-testing has been
satisfactorily completed.
e. The layout and design of piping and its supporting elements shall meet the objectives
of Par. 321.1.1 of ASME B31.3 with the further provision that sag between supports
during operation shall be limited to 1 in. or 1/4 of the NPS whichever is less.
f. Spacing for overhead pipeway supports shall be based on the piping size mix to secure
maximum economy. Where support spacing exceeds allowable spans for small lines
(2" (NPS) and smaller), they shall be grouped (wherever practicable) to simplify
supporting methods. To eliminate an intermediate support for small line, it may be
economical to increase line size.

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g. Small lines shall not be supported (hung) from larger lines. Instrument tubing shall be
continuously supported in areas where mechanical damage is possible. Piping,
regardless of operating temperature, shall not be used to support electrical conduits.
h. Only where resting type supports are not practicable may hanging type supports be
used. Shop-welded trunnions and lugs are preferred to bolted clamps.
l. Support lines such that control valves and equipment can be removed for maintenance
and flanges parted to install blanks.
j. MSS SP-58 support types 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 28, 29, 30, 41,
43, and 49 shall not be used. Guidance for the selection and application of pipe hangers
and supports is contained in MSS SP-69.
k. Each support for a line should carry approximately the same portion of the line weight.
When it is anticipated that a line will deflect vertically due to thermal expansion or
contraction, and thereby unload some supports and overload others (including equipment
nozzles), spring hangers should be provided. If the deflection is of the order of 2" or less,
variable spring hangers should be used. For deflections greater than 2", constant support
spring hangers should be considered. Maximum allowable variation in supporting effect
shall be 25% for the total vertical travel between the hot and cold positions.
l. All springs shall be provided with stops to prevent excessive spring deflection. The
stops shall also be able to carry the piping load in the case of spring failure. All spring
hangers shall be provided with means to indicate at all times the proper position of the
spring with respect to the hot and cold positions of the piping. Spring supports shall be
hot-dip galvanized except that springs shall be neoprene (or equal) coated.
m. Where corrugated or bellows type expansion joints are approved for use, anchors and
guides shall be provided to force the expansion movement into the joint. These anchors
shall be designed to withstand a force equal to the force recommended by the
Manufacturer for the operating pressure at which the joint is to be used. If the
Manufacturer makes no recommendation, the anchors shall be designed to withstand a
force equal to the sum of the pressure end load (maximum working pres-sure times
maximum cross-sectional area of expansion joint) and the force necessary to compress
the joint (friction factor). Where friction factor is not known, the anchor shall be designed
to withstand a force equal to twice the pressure end load.
n. All supports shall be steel. Where the environment makes a galvanic cell possible,
insulating material is required between dissimilar clamp type supports and the pipe (e.g.
steel supports and cupro-nickel pipe).
o. The use of integral attachments of a material that differs from that of the piping is
prohibited.

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All piping shall be supported and shall be provided with anchors bolts, to prevent
excessive expansion forces on the equipment and excessive vibration.
Connected pipe valves and mechanical equipment such as pumps, which require regular
maintenance, will be supported so that these elements and equipment can be removed
without installing additional temporary supports.
Supports must allow movements of expansion and contraction caused by temperature,

preventing excessive strain on them and on the nozzles of equipment (static and/or
dynamic) to which are connected according to the PDVSA Norms HG-251 and HG-252.
The forces transmitted to the nozzles must be verified with the data of forces and
moments allowed on the nozzles supplied by VENDOR of the equipment (static and/or
dynamic).
10.3.3 Joints and Connections
The number of non-welded joints (e.g., flanged and threaded) shall be kept to a minimum
with only those necessary for cleaning, maintenance, operation, and inspection. Welding
end valves shall be used in services where valve maintenance shall be minimal or where
valve maintenance can be done in place.
Expanded joints and flanges having expanded joint inserts shall not be used (308.2.2 and
313 of ASME B31.3).
For joint requirement services, threaded construction shall be limited to vent and drain
piping downstream of primary vent and drain valves and to instrument piping downstream
of the primary instrument block valve, e.g., pressure gauge connections and orifice flange
taps. Threaded construction is also permitted in 2" (NPS) and smaller utility piping.
Pipe unions (and other piping joints involving straight threads - see Fig. 335.3.3 of ASME
B31.3) shall not be used in severe cyclic conditions. 2" (NPS) and smaller joints of this
type may be used in Category D (air, water, open drain) fluid service. For non- Category
D fluid service, they shall not be used in 1-1/2" (NPS) and larger (314.2.2 of ASME
B31.3).
Joints using flared, flareless, or compression type fittings shall not be used under severe
cyclic conditions. Use of fittings other than bite-type compression fittings requires prior
COMPANY approval (315.2 of ASME B31.3).
Together in all piping systems equal to or greater than 2" (NPS) will be executed with butt
weld ("Butt Welding").
Joints in pipes of 1-½" (NPS) and smaller will be executed with welding plug type ("Socket
Welding"), preferably. Threaded joints as indicated in PDVSA Norm H-221, OCN-CPF-

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SP-G-00-2004-420 “Piping Material Specifications Cerro Negro DB | GFM Project” and
HS011001-CO0D3-MD16304 “Piping Material Specification Addendum”, for all joints and
connections.Unless otherwise indicated, the flanged connections are used to connect
equipment, containers, tools, relief valves, etc.
10.3.4 Branch Connections
Connections that may require bracing include sample points, instruments, purges, thermal
relief valves, corrosion probes, and vent and drain connections (particularly where double
blocks and bleeds are required). The bracing method shall be subject to COMPANY
approval. Care must be taken in the location of small connections in piping subject to
thermal movement.
Full-sized or reducing branches at angles other than 90 degree shall not be employed
except when required for flow and pressure drop considerations (e.g., flare lines):
1) The angle between the branch and the run of the header shall not be less than 45
degree. The centerline of the branch shall preferably intersect the centerline of the
header. Exception - where flow conditions control and COMPANY has given prior
approval, the branch may intersect the header in a tangential or semi-tangential directions
provided the angle between the branch and the run of the header is not less than 60
degree and the intersecting surfaces form a welding angle of not less than 45 degree.
2) Integral forged 45 degree fittings (e.g. WFI Vesselets) shall be used for 45 degree
branch connections.
Contoured insert branch fittings (e.g. Sweepolet, Vesselet, and Laterolet) which have
been qualified in accordance with 304.7 of ASME B31.3 may be used in place of tees. If
used, the weld attaching the fitting to run shall be examined as a circumferential buttweld
in accordance with 304.3.2 (a) of ASME B31.3.
Reinforcement for pipe-to-pipe branch connections shall be in accordance with ASME

B31.3. Fabricated branch connections other than those shown in Figure 328.5.4E of
ASME B31.3 shall not be used for severe cyclic conditions (306.5.2 of ASME B31.3).
Spacing between adjacent branch connections shall not be less than 1-1/2 times their
average diameter (304.3.3 (e) of ASME B31.3).
Reinforced integrally welded attachments which abut the outer surface of the head, in
sizes 4" (NPS) and higher, are not permitted under any of the following conditions:
• The ratio d/D (diameter of the branch / head diameter) exceeds 0.8.
• The wall thickness of the head is less than Schedule 40 (Schedule 40).

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 39 de 73
• The head wall thickness less than 0.75 inches. (19 mm) where the outer diameter
exceeds 36 cm. (900mm).
10.3.5 Valves Installations
Valves frequently operated and not so frequently required for emergency operations,
where the centerline of the wheel is more than 2.3 m above the floor or platform level,
they will be operated with chains of impact type and height of these will be defined in the
next phase of the engineering review and/or approval by COMPANY.
Other infrequently used valves that are above 2.3 m above the floor or platform level will
be installed so that they can be accessed from a ladder or mobile platform.
Valves frequently operated, located in trenches will be provided for extension of the
wheel, leaving this in a range of 100 mm (4 in.) Below the plate (covered), if the steering
wheel is more than 305 mm (12 in.) below the plate (cover).
Gate or globe valves which operate normally open, if possible, will be installed so that the
shaft is horizontal.
10.3.6 Sampling Valves, Vents and Drains
All sample connections shall consist of a 3/4" (NPS) line class ball valve, a swaged
reducer and a 1/2" (NPS) needle valve. Sample connections shall be installed in the side
of pipe rather than top or bottom. Sample connections shall be located at deck drains.
Valved vent connections shall be installed at trapped high points of 3" (NPS) and larger
piping. Those high point vents which are provided for hydrostatic testing purposes only
are an exception and should be provided with a seal welded solid plug but no valve.
Piping systems shall be provided with vents and drains to hydrostatic testing and
maintenance. These will be placed in the highest and lowest points of the pipe,
respectively. Test vents may be sealed once it has finished. The lines are pneumatically
tested vents not need proof.
Operating drains must be provided with permanent systems drainage closest connection.
These sewer lines, water must be blind below the valve disc lock.
Discharges to drain pressurized closed drainage heads. These are completely sovereign
of the system of open drains.
Vents and drains should be as short as possible. If longer connections such as are
required, because of insulation thickness mains, connection brackets or higher they may
be employed.

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All drains / vents in its terminal point should be sealed with a blank flange or cap as
appropriate.
Drains should be located so that facilitates the installation of temporary connections for
draining liquids or other products.
10.4 Specific Requirements for Piping Design and Layouts
10.4.1 Requirements for Process Piping Systems
Relief valves with atmospheric discharge through a pipe, have the same extended three
meters (10 ft) or more above any platform or work area within a radius of 7.6 m (21.5 ft)
from the discharge point.
Relief valves will be connected to flare and/or other disposal system only when so
indicated in the Process Diagrams (P&ID's). Also particular requirements for the design of
these pipes, for example avoid "pockets" in the path, it will be according to the DTIs.
The bottom or low point of the pipeline in the discharge of pressure relief valves, when
they discharged into the atmosphere, will be provided with a drain hole ("weep hole") of
6 mm diameter (minimum).
Relief heads have continuous slope towards the receiving containers (KO Drums). The
slope will be indicated in the Process Diagrams (P&ID's).
In general, all lines with a requirement sloping, this condition must be reflected in the
respective P&ID's, in the same way should be reflected slope requirements for closed
drains.
10.4.2 Requirements Pneumatic Systems & Instrumentation
Instrument connections and block valves shall be not less than 3/4" (NPS) except that
connections to orifice flanges may be 1/2" (NPS). Instrument connections that require
periodic rodding out to overcome plugging shall be considered on an individual basis by
Contractor. The details of proposed installations shall be subject to COMPANY approval.
The instrument connections up to, and including, the first instrument block valve shall
conform to the same design and material specifications as the line or vessel to which it
connects. The first instrument block valve shall be a ball valve.
Instrument piping downstream of the first instrument block valve shall consist of austenitic
stainless steel tubing, fittings, and valves.

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- Instrument pressure tubing and instrument air tubing shall be Type 316L stainless steel,
seamless, annealed in accordance with ASTM A 269. The minimum wall thickness for
pressures to 2000 psig shall be according the Table 4:
Table 5. Minimum wall thickness for pressures to 2000 psig.

Size, OD Wall Thickness
(in.) (in.)
1/4 0.035
3/8 0.042
1/2 0.049
Type 316 bite-type compression fittings shall be used except that they shall not be used
under severe cyclic service, or above 2000 psig without COMPANY approval. Acceptable
fittings is Swagelok.
Tubing valve bodies, stems and trim shall be Type 316 stainless steel. Valve stems shall
be blow-out proof design. Valve manufacturer shall perform a leakage test to verify that all
joints and seat are bubble tight at 100 psi air pressure. Stem packing and seat material
shall be capable of withstanding the maximum temperature and pressure encountered in
service and during steamout.
All instrument pressure piping shall be suitably supported and protected from accidental
damage. This is especially true for those pressure gauges subject to vibration which
require support separate from the connection. Siphons or pigtail condenser seals shall be
provided in connections to close mounted pressure gauges in steam or other
condensable vapor service.
10.4.3 Requirements Pressure Relief and Disposal Systems
All safety devices, pressure safety valves, emergency shutdown valves, and flow safety
(check) valves shall be provided in accordance with Section VIII of the ASME Pressure
Vessel Code, the Project P&I Diagrams, this Specification, and API RP 520 and 521.
Pressure relief valve inlet lines shall be kept as short as possible. Pressure drop in inlet
piping shall not exceed 3% of the relief valve set pressure.
All block valves around relief-valves shall be full bore and provided with a seal or a
locking device with a master key for all locks.

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The locking device shall be of the type and located so that it can be opened quickly in any
type of weather. If a seal is furnished, provide a place for future lock.
Where parallel pressure relief devices are used, each sized for full flow, separate block
valves shall be used for each relief device and a 3/4" (NPS) valved bleeder connection
shall be provided between the upstream block valve and the relief valve. The connection
may be on the block valve body.
The locking device shall be designed to ensure that simultaneous blocking of relief valves
cannot occur.
Relief valves shall be installed in a vertical position. Pressure relief devices shall be
accessible and installed for easy removal from a deck, permanent platform, or from a
mobile platform where the space under the valve is accessible and clear of obstructions
and the pressure relieving device is not more than 12' above the deck.
Pressure relief devices discharging to a closed pressure relief system shall be located
higher than the header and discharge down into the header unless otherwise approved by
COMPANY.
Pressure relief device vents discharging to the atmosphere shall not be smaller than the
relief device outlet. The discharge piping shall be designed and restrained to
accommodate axial, lateral and upward reaction forces due to discharge. The discharges
shall be directed away from walkways, personnel areas, and equipment. Any discharge
piping containing hot fluids shall vent and drain safely away from equipment and
personnel.
Relief headers shall slope towards the knock-out drum, avoiding pocketing as much as
possible. Where pocketing is unavoidable, a client-approved means of continuous
draining of the header is required.
10.4.4 Requirements for Fire Protection Systems
The fire system design will be based on the principle that only a major fire occurs at the
same time see the PDVSA Norm IR-M-03.
Major fire is one that involves a block or section of a separate installation, a particular
block will be required maximum water consumption and will determine the maximum total
required capacity on the ground, see PDVSA Norm IR-M 03.
Requirements or fire water flow to the different sections of a facility is typically determined
based on minimum rates of application. These rates have been established taking into
account, among other factors: the separation between equipment, the type of hazard
present and the nature of the products involved. The total water requirement for a facility

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 43 de 73
is given by the sum of the water requirements for fixed or semi-fixed foam systems, water
spray and/or sprinklers, etc., required for the protection equipment and emergency control
of a particular section.
Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 of PDVSA Norm IR-M-03 contain information on the system of

protection recommended, the type and rate of application for each facility.
Each plant area has a suppression system and / or cooling according to PDVSA Norm
IR-M-03.
• Fire Extinguishing Foam for oil.
• Water cooling equipment exposed to heat.
• Water to extinguish fire in buildings.
• Portable fire extinguishers as a backup.
• Flood gas systems "Inergen" - (trade mark) electrical equipment in enclosed areas.
10.4.5 Paint and Coating
Paint systems for different piping arrangements will be selected according to PDVSA
Norm O-201 "Selection and application specifications of anticorrosive coating systems"
according to environmental conditions in the document Process Basis and Design
Criteria. Additionally, the procedure abrasive surface preparation before applying the first
coat of paint will be according to NACE No. 1 / SSPC-SP 5.
Outside the system of underground pipes used for coating project, will be the corrosion
protection system which will consist of three elements: the liquid adhesive, tape corrosion
and mechanical protection tape. The minimum requirements to be met by siding are set
out in the technical specification PDVSA EM-04-10 / 01.
10.4.6 Thermal Insulation
The thickness and material for thermal insulation of pipes will be selected according to the
design conditions and operation of each line and in accordance with documents in its
latest review available established in PDVSA Norm L-212 "Hot Insulation and Service".
In case of any contradiction in the design between the specifications, standards, codes
and standards cited, the more restrictive criterion is used. Any deviation will be discussed
and submitted for consideration by the COMPANY for approval.

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The insulation of pipes that need to be isolated for personal protection extends only to
those portions of pipes that can be met by staff from established access roads.
10.4.7 Hydrostatic & Pneumatic Tests
The criteria for the performance of hydrostatic tests specified for piping systems shall be
as indicated in PDVSA Norms PI-08/02/01.
In all cases, the tests must be approved by the inspection of the COMPANY before its
execution.
Piping systems shall be hydrostatically pressure tested with potable water to the greatest
extent practicable at the MANUFACTURER's yard before shipment. This test shall be
performed regardless of any shop hydrostatic pressure testing of piping spools.
Hydrostatic testing shall not be performed when there is an air temperature of 40 °F or
less, nor during periods of rain or fog. Piping with less than l/2" wall thickness shall not be
field pressure tested at metal temperatures below 5 o C. Piping 1/2" and thicker shall not
be tested at metal temperatures below 60 °F unless impact tested materials were used, in
which case the minimum metal temperature may be 5 °C.
Shop and field pressure tests shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of
ASME B31.3, except that pneumatic testing shall be subject to COMPANY approval. Any
pneumatic test must meet the requirements of Paragraph 345.5 of ASME B31.3.
Contractor shall submit all testing procedures and schedules for approval. Pressure
gauges and recorders used in the tests shall have been calibrated within the previous 30
days. Care shall be taken to remove all water from piping to be operated below 2 °F.
This includes relief valves, control valves and other piping components which have been
tested in the shop.
Relief or blow down systems shall be tested in accordance with ASME B31.3; however, in
no case shall the test pressure be less than 15 psig. Relief valves and rupture discs shall
not be included in the test.
Each reinforcing pad (or segment thereof) for pressure openings shall be tested with air at
a pressure of 60 to 100 psig. A bubble test solution such as Sherlock, Snoop, or the
equivalent shall be applied to inspect all welds.
When the inside surface of branch weld reinforcing pads cannot be visually inspected,
pressure tightness (as evidenced by no loss of pressure) shall be determined by means
of a pressure gauge. Test openings in reinforcing pads shall not be plugged following the
test.

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Even though both hydrostatic and pneumatic tests may be considered impractical, neither
the special alternative tests in Paragraph 345.9 of ASME B31.3 nor any other alternate
test can be employed without COMPANY approval.
Instrument air supply lines and air lines to air-motor operated valves shall not be tested
with water. They shall be tested with dry compressed air (or nitrogen) at a pressure
substantially equal to (80 to 100 percent), but not exceeding, the maximum allowable
operating pressure for the weakest equipment in the group under test. The test pressure,
in any case, shall not be required to exceed the air pressure available at the job site. All
joints, welds, and connections shall be swabbed with soap or similar solution to facilitate
the detection of leaks during air tests.
Should a leak develop in a weld during test, the defect shall be removed by chipping,
grinding, flame gouging, or arc-air gouging, and the area shall be rewelded. Either the
magnetic particle or the dye penetrant method shall be employed to determine the extent
of the defect. All repair welds shall be preheated and postheated as originally required,
and the basic principles of the same welding procedure as initially used shall be
employed as far as applicable. After repair, the weld shall be retested. The progressive
inspection requirements of Paragraph 341.3.4 of ASME B31.3 apply as they do for
defects discovered during inspection.
10.5 General Equipment Design Criteria
The mechanical design of the different equipments is carried out taking into account the
information generated by the disciplines of Process and Mechanical Engineering for Early
Production Station (EPF) presented in the documents "Design Criteria and Basis -
Process" and "Mechanical Design Criteria", in addition to the information in the Data
Sheet of each of the equipments and/or Packaged Units.
• The equipments will be specified following the latest edition of codes and standards
specified in Section 3.3 of this document.
• The unit system to be used and are in Data Sheets, calculations and other documents
will be the English system, and will be different to these, in some cases which are
specified. The calculation procedures established in another system present their
results in the specified system.
• The equipment will be designed for a service life of 20 years. Different equipments are
known and proven design.
A modular process skid is a process system contained within a frame that allows the
process system to be easily transported. Individual skids can contain complete process
systems and multiple process skids can be combined to create larger process systems or
entire portable plants. They are sometimes called “a system in a box.” An example of a

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 46 de 73
multi-skid process system might include a raw materials skid, a utilities skid and a
processing unit which work in tandem.
Process skids are considered an alternative to traditional stick-built construction where

process system parts are shipped individually and installed incrementally at the
manufacturing site. They provide the advantage of parallel construction, where process
systems are built off-site in a fabrication facility while civil site upgrades are completed at
the plant site simultaneously. Skids are not always appropriate. If individual process parts
are large and cannot reasonably be contained within the frame of a modular process skid,
traditional construction methods are preferred.
Selection of the equipment is very important in applying the modular construction

technique. There are certain styles of equipment which lend themselves more to modular
construction than others. A simple example is vertical in-line pumps versus horizontal end
suction pumps. A vertical inline pump requires less mounting area (footprint) and does not
pose the potential piping difficulties that may be encountered with a horizontal pump.
Equipment is selected due to its combined safety features, compatibility with the module
construction, maintenance features, and known operating reliability.
After equipment selection, the overall layout of the equipment is developed. This is the
most critical phase of the design, as it defines the number of modules, length of piping
runs, accessibility, and ultimately the overall plot plan. Often, modular construction is
especially beneficial for locations where plot space is at a premium. In these situations,
the access is engineered into the unit; therefore, the initial layout is key in meeting these
special design requirements. Special attention is required so that the layout will fulfill the
following requirements. a. Safety in Operation b. Ease of Operation c. Operating, Routine
Maintenance, and Turn-around access.
In order to meet the COMPANY’s requirement, required module assembly and fabrication
schedule, very close cooperation is required between engineering, design, drafting, and
the fabrication shop. Timely issuance of the drawings, accuracy of drawings, coordination
of equipment deliveries, rapid solution of day-to-day problems, and coordination of
subcontracts are all key factors to meeting the project schedule requirements. With
proper planning and execution, modular projects consume less time from kick-off to
commissioning than do field-erected projects. Site preparation, excavation and foundation
installation occurs in parallel with equipment manufacturing, and shop fabrication
activities. Weather related delays are non-existent in a fabrication shop. Earlier plant
start-up translates into an early market entry and early cash flow.
Modules are usually shipped via trucks if they are no larger than approximately 14 ft wide,
12 ft high, and 55 ft long. Weight limits vary but are typically limited to 50,000 to 100,000
pounds. A more costly alternate is rail transportation, where up to 16 feet wide and up to
100 feet long modules can be shipped. Weight is not usually a limitation in rail

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transportation. Water transportation removes almost all the barriers, but usually at a cost
premium. Sometimes the transportation of the modules from the facility gate to the unit
block poses interesting problems because of low pipe racks, and tight corners. These
items of concern are reviewed and addressed as part of the shipping study required at the
beginning of the project to support the development of the proper layout.
• Skid-mounted equipments installed will be met:
• All process requirements.
• All mechanical requirements.
• Future expansion of skids will not be contemplated.
• Reasonable access for operation and maintenance.
• Outdoor installation.
• The facility must comply with all applicable laws, national and local, including safety
aspects and environmental protection.
• In the different General and Particular Specifications, will be established starting

conditions, operation and shutdown of all equipment and associated systems.
• Will be selected the different construction materials for each equipment according to
the type of service and as set out in the corresponding standards.
• Petromonagas’s Staff (Operations and Maintenance) Recommendations will be

considered for the design, selection, in terms of brands, materials, construction and
other features, as:
• Maximum safety in operation.
• Simplicity of operation, design, modularity, maintainability and constructability.
• Minimum environmental impact and/or damage to third parties.
• Maximum duty cycle.
• Low investment cost.
• High reliability.

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• If any contradiction in design between the specifications, codes and standards cited
arises will be used more restrictive criteria. Any deviation will be discussed and
submitted for consideration by the customer for acceptance.
10.5.1 Pumps
10.5.1.1 Design Criteria

Centrifugal pumps for nonhazardous and noninflammable services must comply with
ASME B73.1M (Horizontal) and ASME B73.2M (Vertical) and the Hydraulic Institute
ANSI/HI, as long as it is not exceeded any of the following operating conditions:
Discharge Maximum Pressure: 275 psig (1896 KPa)
Suction Maximum Pressure: 75 psig (517 KPa)
Pumping Maximum Temperature: 350 °F (176 °C)
Maximum Design Total Head: 400 ft (121.9 m)
Maximum Motor Power: 100 HP (75.57 KW)
Pumps that exceed any of the conditions listed above for hazardous or flammable
services are designed according to the API Standard 610 standard, latest edition.
Available NPSH (NPSHA) must exceed the Required NPSH (NPSHr), at least 3 feet (1
meter) in all operating range, from a low flow to the design flow.
If the selected pump fails to comply with the margin between NPSHr and NPSHd,
VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER is required to perform the NPSH Witnessed Test.
Also will be developing the Running-Test witnessing.
Pumps should have normal operating point or left of the point of maximum efficiency, in
the curve of the pump impeller diameter proposed.
Pumps in service of oil and hazardous materials are equipped with mechanical seal and
seal plan according to API 682 (if applicable). Seals are cartridge type.
The lubrication system of pumps is provided with oilers constant level and protected with
steel mesh.
Pumps with constant speed drivers must have the impeller diameter such that at least the
head can increase by 5% to the design flow, with the installation of a larger diameter
impeller in the corresponding pump.

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The materials shall be as specified in the Data Sheet. This does not absolve the
VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER of his responsibility to recommend materials
based on their experience. When the seller specify a material that is not in ASTM
Standards or AISI (Ex. DIN, JIS, etc.), it shall indicate the nearest equivalent in ASTM
deviations. A list of the physical and chemical properties of materials and the required
tests will be presented by the VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER.
The sizing of electric motors is made considering the final curve of the pump or increasing
the pump power at the point of design in a percentage that which can vary according to
the pump power.
• Design capacity: All the pumps shall be designed for 20% additional to the required
normal capacity.
• Shut-off: The pump head at shut–off shall be approximately 110%, but not exceed
120% of head at the specified capacity point. Low capacity, high head pumps may be
exempt from these requirements with the approval of COMPANY.
Electric motors are Induction-type with electrical characteristics as described in each

Equipment’s Data Sheet and appropriate for the corresponding Area Classification.
Motor ratings, including motor service factor, shall be at least equal to the following
percentage of rated pump power in Table 5.
Table 6. Motor ratings.

Motor Nameplate Percent of Rated Pump
Rating, hp Power
25 and less 125

Table 7. Motor ratings.(Continuance)
Motor Nameplate Percent of Rated Pump

Rating, hp Power
30 hp to 75 115
100 hp and over 110
For the design, selection and specification of centrifugal pumps in the project taking into
consideration the recommendations based on COMPANY’s Requirements.

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10.5.1.2 Positive Displacement – Rotative Pumps
Pumps, drivers and auxiliaries shall be suitable for unsheltered outdoor installation, and
for startup and operation at specified minimum and maximum design ambient
temperatures.
The pumps and auxiliaries shall be designed for a continuous operation to the pressure
set up in the relief valve of and at the point of overspeed trip set up in the variable speed
system.
Steel casings are required for any pump located within process unit areas handling a
stream containing any flammable or toxic materials.
If special nonferrous materials are required, the COMPANY shall specify the casing
material.
The casings subject to pressure and in contact with the fluid shall have a minimal
corrosion allowance of the 3 mm (1/8”).
The bearings and external gears shall be lubricated by oil.
The values of available NPSH specified in the data sheets shall be referred to the top of
the foundation for all the pumps.
The liquid speed through the discharge valves must not exceed the double of the speed
through the suction valves. RF flanges in the connections that use spiral metallic gasket
shall be 125 to 200 AARH, unless otherwise is specified in the categories of individual
lines.
Skid, paint and noise shall be in accordance with the specifications given for THE
COMPANY.
Positive displacement pumps shall be designed and manufactured in accordance to the

API Standards 674, 675 and/or 676, and PDVSA Norm GA–202 depending of the specific
service and pump type.
Available NPSH (NPSHA) must exceed the Required NPSH (NPSHr), at least 3 feet (1
meter) in all operating range, from a low flow to the design flow.
VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER must consider the effect of the pulsations to

calculate the NPSHr of the pump. In the case of reciprocating pumps, apply the following
additional criteria:
• Pumps are provided with relief valves, in the discharge line and the power of the
pump driver is determined by the pressure relief of the system.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 51 de 73
• Installs in the suction and discharge of the pump, a pulsation dampener. Steel
casings are required for any pump located within process unit areas handling a
stream containing any flammable or toxic materials. If special nonferrous materials
are required, the VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER shall specify the casing
material.
• Electric motors are Induction-type with electrical characteristics as described in each

Equipment’s Data Sheet and appropriate for the corresponding Area Classification.
For the design, selection and specification of rotative (or positive displacement) pumps in
the project taking into consideration the recommendations described in the Process
Documents based on COMPANY’s Requirements.
10.5.2 Pressure Vessels
Pressure vessels are designed, fabricated and tested in accordance with "Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code", ASME Section VIII, Division 1 and the document H1M0011503-
CO4D3-MD16001 "PRESSURE VESSELS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION". Alternative
design methods for ASME Section VIII Division 2 can be used if it results in a more
economical design but is subject to approval by the client, supported with reliable
technical- economic argument.
All Pressure Vessels shall be stamped under ASME “U” and National Board Registration,
unless otherwise specified in the Material Requisition and/or Data Sheet.
The corrosion allowance is indicated in the Data Sheets of the equipment and if section
5.6 Corrosion Allowance (AC) of document H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16001 "PRESSURE
VESSELS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION", is added to the calculated thickness of the
body, heads and nozzle connections. No additional corrosion thickness is added to the
flange faces. Flanges shall be according to the Standard ASME B16.5 and B16.47 or
according to the Code ASME, Section VIII, Div 1, The allowed stress shall be determined
according to the Code ASME, Section II. ASME B16.47.
Relief valves and drainage for vessels shall be per Table 6 shown below.
Table 8. Relief valves and Drain connections for Pressures Vessels.

Volume Vessel (m3) Relief Valve Diameter Valve Drain Diameter
<=1.42 3/4” 2”
1.45 a 17 1” 2”
17.1 a 70.8 1-1/2” 3”

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 52 de 73
Table 9. Relief valves and Drain connections for Pressures Vessels.(Continuance)
Volume Vessel (m3) Relief Valve Diameter Valve Drain Diameter
> 70.8 2” 3”
The pressure vessels are designed for earthquake and wind loads according to applicable
Codes and Standards and indicated in the data sheet.
The manholes and containers are designed for earthquake and wind loads according to
what is indicated in the corresponding Data Sheet.
Inspection openings (manholes, railings, etc) according to the ASME Section VIII Code
are provided. The manholes are 20” (NPS) for Vessels 60 in. inside diameter and less; for
Vessels over 60 in. inside diameter, one-third the vessel diameter, but not to exceed 40”
(NPS) and the hand-rails, 8" (NPS) diameter, as minimum.
All internal moving parts are designed for installation and removal through the manhole.
The design pressure of the pressure vessels shall be as indicated in each one of the data
sheets.
Any internal device required by process conditions will be provided by VENDOR AND/OR
MANUFACTURER as part of a modular system and installed field as mentioned in the
corresponding data sheets.
The Calculation’s scope determines the thickness of the heads, body and estimated
weight, empty, filled with water and in operation. These calculations take into account the
operational conditions generated by process and established in the Mechanical Data
Sheets generated.
Design Pressure
When vessels, exchangers or other equipments are interconnected without block valves
all those equipments shall have the same Design Pressure (MAWP), which shall not be
minor than the following table:
Table 10. Minimum Design Pressure for Connected Vessel without Block Valves
MAXIMUM OPERATING DESIGN PRESSURE
PRESSURE (psig) (PSIG)
Entire or partial Vacuum 15 psi external, 52 psi internal.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 53 de 73
Table 11. Minimum Design Pressure for Connected Vessel without Block Valves (continuance)
Until 247 psig Max. Operation + 25 psig
Between 247 and 580 psig Max. Operation + 10%
Between 580 and 1160 psig Max. Operation + 58 psig
Over 1160 Max. Operation + 5%
The minimal metal design temperature for the pressure vessels shall be determined using
the rules of the Code ASME Section VIII Div. 1 UG-20 (b).
Location of Equipment
• The location of the equipment shall be based on the safety, economy and facility to
realize maintenance works and examinations. The required secure distances shall
agree with the norms PDVSA IR-M-01 “Separation Between Equipment and Facilities”
and PDVSA IR-M-02 “Separation of Equipment and Facilities with Relation to Third”.
• For location of equipment shall be considered the following aspects: predominant wind
direction, relative location of the station, location of piping, location power lines,
existence of natural drainages and geographical features.
• The minimal breadth of the pedestrian paths at area level shall be 3 ´0 “(915 mm).
• Platforms and ladders must be installed for maintenance and examinations of the
vessels, valves stations and instrumentation, when they are in a high level from the
ground.
10.5.3 Eletrostatic Dehydrator – Desalter
Desalters must be designed, constructed and inspected in accordance with applicable

codes and standards specified in Section 3 of this document, the data sheets and
additional requirements presented in the Desalter Electrostatic heater Techinical
Specification N° H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16003
The assembly formed by the pressure vessel, electrodes, indirect heater, transformers,
accessories, air blowers, heat exchangers and pumps shall be submitted as a package, in
accordance and the followings P&ID:

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 54 de 73
H1M0011503-CO4D3-PP03006 Diagrama de Tubería e Instrumentación - Paquete
Desalador de Primera Etapa V-02
H1M0011503-CO4D3-PP03007 Diagrama de Tubería e Instrumentación - Intercambiador

de Calor para Agua de Desalación E-03
H1M0011503-CO4D3-PP03008 Diagrama de Tubería e Instrumentación - Paquete

Desalador de Segunda Etapa V-02
H1M0011503-CO4D3-PP03009 Diagrama de Tubería e Instrumentación - Bombas de

Reciclo de Agua de Proceso P-02-A/B y P-04-A/B
The design life for all equipment and pipes forming part of Electrostatic Desalter shall be
20 years.
The requirement of the ASME Section VIII for Pressured Vessels shall be mandatory at
the time to choose the material and the manufacturing processes.
The Desalters shall be design to withstand as a minimum, the loading exerted by internal
pressure, weight of the vessel, weight and pressure of the test water, wind, earthquake,
reaction of supports and temperature, accordance with the Section 10.5.2 of this
document and the Section 5 of Pressure Vessels Technical Specification (H1M0011503-
CO4D3-MD16001).
The minimum pressured vessel thickness permitted for shell and head shall be 1/16” (1.5
mm) without any corrosion allowance in accordance with the Section 5.1 of Pressure
Vessels Technical Specification (H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16001).
The Maximum Allowable Working Pressure Calculated under UG-27 ASME Section VIII
Division 1, for shell and head must be higher than the Hydrostatic Pressure.
All the Desalters shall be design to be freestanding.
All the Desalters shall be designed for either wind or earthquake loading. It is assumed
that wind and earthquake loads do not occur simultaneously.
For welded head, all the seam in the head shall be 100 RT, regardless the Code
requirement.
All elements requiring operator intervention, monitoring and / or maintenance must be

easily accessible and allow safe operation.

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10.5.4 Storage Tanks
Storage tanks are designed and fabricated according to the Code "Welded Steel Tanks
for Oil Storage" API 650, considering that they are filled with water at 60 °F. Comply with
the maximum volume of 20 m3 of storage for non-cylindrical or round tank. API 620 / API
2000 / NFPA 20 standards are used where applicable.
The tank diameter or greater height of four (04) meters are manufactured on-site .
All internal moving parts are designed for installation and removal through the manhole.
They have dual pump system for disposal in cases that so warrant process.
The tanks are checked against overturning by wind speed and seismic load. Anchor bolts
are adequate to withstand both rising due to internal pressure as earthquake or
overturning by wind independently.
All connections of 2 inch (2") diameter and larger, are flanged.
The mechanical evaluation of existing tanks to be used for new services is made by the
API 653.
In cone roof tanks, internal design pressure is near atmospheric pressure. Is adopted as
design pressure twelve (12) inch water column (0.43 psig), this is only to consider an
internal pressure of about twelve (12) inch water column (0.43 psig) when the tank is filled
with liquid.
Bottomed tanks uniformly supported will be designed to a temperature of 93 °C (200 °F).
For the design of the storage tank fire water should meet the requirements in NFPA 22
and API 650 each one in its latest edition, with a tolerance to corrosion on their plates,
minimum 1.6 mm (1/16 inch).
The foundation or base of the storage tank installation of fire fighting water should be
designed according to soil studies and structural calculations to withstand the weight of
the water tank itself and containing a maximum filling capacity and minimize differential
settlement, the inner surface of the ring covered with sand or compacted soil, should be
covered with a layer of asphalt 10 centimeter or 3.93 inch (10 cm, [3.93 in]) minimum and
with a slope of 0.5 percent (0.5%), measured from the center core to the periphery; the
concrete base or circle must have the same slope. You must apply a waterproof seal with
the base material between the tank and the bottom plates around the circle in order to
prevent entry of moisture that causes corrosion.
The calculation of the wall thickness of the atmospheric tanks will be performed as set
forth in the standards and codes listed in Section 3.2 of this document and based on the

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 56 de 73
document “Atmospheric Tanks Technical Specification” No. H1M0011503-CO4D3-
MD16005.
10.5.5 Heat Exchangers
Heat exchangers are designed in accordance with "Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code"
ASME Section VIII, Division 1 and the document H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16002 "HEAT
EXCHANGER TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION". Shall be stamped under ASME “U” and
National Board Registration, unless otherwise specified in the Material Requisition and/or
Data Sheet.
Shell and tube Heat exchangers also must comply with TEMA Standard.
Typical fouling factor specified in the Norm TEMA and norm PDVSA shall be used, unless
specific information is given by THE COMPANY.
If a Duty Capacty superior to the maximum normal capacity established by the thermal
balance is needed, their rasons shall be indicated in the data sheet.
Corrosion allowance for the exchanger shall be taken normally from the Norms TEMA,
section R-1.51 unless other values are specified for the corrosive service.
Insulation is needed for personal protection when temperatures of 150°F or major are
reached.
The space between the baffles must be between 0,3 to 0,5 of the heat exchanger internal
diameter.
Distance between the tubes (Pitch) must be as a minimum 1,25 times the tube outer
diameter .
A shock baffle shall be insalled in the inlet nozzle, to prevent the fluids eroding the tubes.
All heat exchangers shall be fabricated and assembled in MANUFACTURER’s shop.

When site assembly is required for practical reason, CLIENT shall submit to COMPANY
for approval.
CONSULTANT shall verify all SUPPLIER’s documentation submit to COMPANY for

review.
CONSULTANT’s review of SUPPLIER’s drawings and documentations shall not relieve

SUPPLIER’s responsibility to meet all requirements of this specification.
The minimum corrosion allowance must be consistent with that specified in the data
sheets and applicable diagram materials.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 57 de 73
No corrosion allowance shall be added to baffles, supports, partition plates, internal
bolting, floating head backing devices, or nonferrous parts.
TEMA class designation shall be Class R unless specified otherwise by COMPANY on

the Exchanger Data Sheet.
Materials shall conform to the specifications tabulated in the TEMA Standards, and all
materials subject to internal or external pressure shall also conform to the specifications
given in ASME Code Section II or other governing codes.
Alloy protective linings may be used in the design of exchangers in services for which
severe corrosion can be predicted.
The flanges of the body must be made of wrought material. Pressure holding components
shall be of the same or comparable material as that used for the shell or heads. And, the
material of internals such as baffles, tie rods, etc. may be similar to the shell material; if
the shell is cladded, those internals shall be similar to the cladding.
The minimum design pressure for the exchanger shall be 3,5 kg/cm2 (51,45 psi) both for
the tube side and/or the shell side.
The maximum anticipated operating temperature or minimum for exchangers operating

below 0 °C shall be indicated by COMPANY on the Data Sheet.
Connections for pressure and temperature, according to standard TEMA provided.
The preferred tube diameter is 1 inch outside diameter (1” OD) for hydrocarbons and ¾
inch outside diameter (¾" OD) for water.
The body or shell diameter must not exceed 100" (NPS) diameter and preferred lengths
of the tubes 20 feet (20’) and/or nominal length, as indicated in the data sheets, in order
to have a team of modularized type heat transfer. The total weight of each tube bundle
must not exceed 20 tons for easy transportation and installation.
VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER shall assume the responsibility of complying with

the requirements and mechanical processes specified in the particular data sheets and
design specifications.
10.5.6 Equipments and Packaged Equipment System
10.5.6.1 GENERAL
Except as shown and/or specified otherwise, a “Packaged Equipment System” is a self-
contained, skid mounted, operational piece of equipment including all interconnecting
piping, ancillary devices and control systems required for its operation. All piping within

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 58 de 73
the skid perimeter which ties into piping outside the skid boundaries must be brought to
the skid edge. As such, it is also designed within limited size, weight, and configuration
parameters so as to allow its transportation to a destination point specified by Purchaser
and for installation at the plant site. All necessary connections for hook-up to process,
utility, and electrical systems are to be provided at skid edge, or as otherwise specified or
approved. For hook-up of items at skid edge, Vendor shall provide all necessary studs,
nuts, gaskets and couplings for socket weld and threaded connections.
Until other dimensions are specified and be approved by the COMPANY, the dimensions
of the exterior skid will not exceed 60 foot of length, 12 foot of width and 14 foot of high
place (for the transport).
Overall dimensions of the skid shall not be less than the overall dimensions of the
equipment mounted upon it. No item shall extend outside the perimeter of the skid base.
Skid flooring shall consist of either removable section of galvanized grating or non-skid,
raised-pattern steel plate, ¼ in minimum thickness. If the flooring type is not stated in the
equipment specification, the default type shall be grating. Floor grating shall not be used
as a mounting surface for equipment or supports. Minimum design live load for walkways
and platforms shall be 100 psf (pounds per square foot).
a) The equipment mounted in skid, pipelines, pressure vessel, rotary equipments and the
components will be inside the exterior edge of the skid.
b) The equipment shall be mounted and installed in agreement to the recommendations

of the VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER.
c) The skid shall be rectangular and designed in such a way that the equipment can be
removed to realize maintenance.
d) The systems of instrumentation and pipelines shall be designed to allow isolation and
removal of minor equipments, including:
- Isolation of valves of blockade (if it applies) and parts or unions and nipples
- Drainage system of Pipeline..
- Points of connection.
e) The skid shall have access adapted to realize easily tasks of daily operation and
maintenance of routine from the axis of the skid or across areas opened with paths,
platforms or both considering:
- Platform and / or stairs for operation and maintenance.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 59 de 73
- The panels of instrumentation and boards of local measurement shall be accessible
from a side of the skid or centralized in an area of open access.
- The manual valves, switches, starters and other mechanisms needed for the daily
operation shall be located inside a suitable scope of the axis of the skid or an area of
access.
f) The access areas with paths or platforms shall be free from dangers of stumble,
obstructions at level of the head, dead ends and restricted passages.
10.5.6.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

a) The structural design shall be realized in conformity by AISC S326, S329, and 335,
while it is applicable.
b) The minimal design charges shall be determined in accordance with ASCE 7 and/or
PDVSA A-261 Criterion and Minimal Action for the Design of Industrial Structures.
c) Las cargas de diseño mínimas serán determinadas de acuerdo con ASCE 7 y/o
PDVSA A-261 Criterio y Acciones Mínimas para el Diseño de Estructuras Industriales.
d) The seismic charges shall be in conformity with ASCE 7 or Uniform Building Code and
COVENIN 3621-2000 Designed resistant Earthquake of Industrial facilities
e) The wind charges shall be based in: COVENIN wind Actions on the Construction 2003-
1989.
f) Factor of Importance Category III.
g) Type of exposition C.
h) Design speed for structures of the wind 95 Km/hr
i) The design considerations shall include:
- Location (ground).
- Dynamic loads and of static equipments.
- Foundations, point of connection and anchorage.
j) The facilities of the skid shall be sufficiently rigid to prevent damage during fabrication,
assembly, transportation or installation.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 60 de 73
k) The assemblies of skid with rotary equipments like principal components shall be
designed by a maximum deflection of 0.001 inch per inch of length of the skid for
conditions of load.
l) Other skids are designed with a maximum deflection of L/300, where L is the length of
the skid.
m) The structures of the skid shall be designed for the severest effect during the following
charges:
1. Manufacture, assembly and test hydrostatics / pneumatics.
2. Transport (ground, sea or air).
3. Raising and laying of the skid on supports of concrete or platform covering.
4. Service, including effects of vibration, earthquake, wind, impact and fatigue.
10.5.6.3 CONSTRUCTION OF THE SKID

a) Remains of welding and flanges shall be eliminated.
b) The measurements tolerance shall be in accordance with API RP 2 A - WSD o API 2

A-LRFD y AWS D1.1.
c) Flanges of welding, stakes or temporary welded guides, it shall be removed before the
application of the recovering or painting
d) When it is needed to disarm the skid for the movement or erection in field, the fixers
shall be installed, and the parts or materials of connection, such as spikes, screws, nuts,
socket-pans shall be provided by the additional one of 10 % needed.
e) The skid shall be constructed in accordance with AISC S326 for welded components
and in accordance with AISC S329 for screwed components.
f) The equipments and pressure vessels with weight superior to 300 Pounds (Vacuum)
shall be connected or welded directly the structural members of the skid.
g) If it are included a floor of plate, this shall be cut and sealed for penetration in his
periphery.
h) The skid shall have a crane of vertical screw along the main structure.
i) The holes of the bolts of anchoring shall be located in the same reinforced area of the
crane of screw.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 61 de 73
j) There shall not be allowed the support of equipments and pipelines on the grating.
10.5.6.4 Structural Welding

a) The structural components shall be welded in agreement AWS D1.1.
b) It shall have obtain approval on the part of THE COMPANY of the procedures of weld.
c) The personnel to realize the works welding, shall be qualified in according to AWS
D1.1, section 5.
d) The connections welded by both sides of the periphery of the beam and crossing the
beam, shall be of welding of complete penetration.
e) The area of the skid liquid drainages shall not settle
f) The not accessible area in the skid, shall be sealed with weld.
g) Gas - metal shall not be used for welding (GMAW).
h) Won’t use platens of support or back.
i) Won't execute vertical welding or hammer
j) The inspection of weld shall be:
- Executed in accordance with AWS D1.1, Section 6.
- Accepted in accordance with AWS D1.1, Section 8.15.
k) The VENDOR shall perform non-destructive testing of the skid structural welding
according to the following:
- Visual inspection of 100 percent of all welds according to AWS D1.1 “Structural Welding
Code-Steel” – last edition.
- Ultrasonic testing (UT) of 10 percent of the skid’s full penetration welds, exclusive of full-
penetration welds associated with lifting lug connection details, of which 100 percent shall
be tested.
- Magnetic particle testing (MT) of 10 percent of the skid’s fillet welds, exclusive of fillet
welds associated with lifting lug connection details, of which 100 percent shall be tested.
All MT shall be performed using an AC yoke.
- THE COMPANY reserves the right to dictate which welds are examined.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 62 de 73
l) If defects are detected in the welding, additional tests shall be realized once repaired,
without additional cost for THE COMPANY.
10.5.6.5 AREAS OF ACCESS AND DRAINAGES

a) The floor shall be:
- It is Nonskid.
- It Shall be of type grating
- It shall have a space of ½ in. for 3/16 in. between bars, minimum.
- It shall not be used as surface of assembly of equipments or as support.
b) The space between supports of the grating of floor shall be of 48 in, maximum.
c) The union of the grating shall be in the point of support.
d) The support bars of the grating of floor shall be of 1 ½ in. for ¼, minimum.
e) The plate of floor shall be of ¼ in. of thickness, minimum, shall be constructed Nonskid.
f) The skid must possess drainage tray, which shall be constructed in structural steel
ASTM A36 by a minimal thickness of ¼ in.
g) The maximum space between supports will be of 36 in., maximum
h) The platform and stairs shall be built with grating
i) The desing of the platform shall be of 36 in, minimum
j) The design of the Platform and stairs shall be in conformity with PDVSA JB-251
(Structures of Steel - Design).
On units type package design criteria are established based on process requirements,
standards and equipment’s supplies included in these packages.
In packaged unit’s process conditions inside and outside of these units and service
conditions available to feed these drives are included.
Packaged units data sheets will be developed estimated only and will be complemented
by engineering notes where the specifications that applies for each one to be reflected;
the definitive data sheets will be by VENDOR AND/OR MANUFACTURER.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 63 de 73
All elements or systems that are part of a packaged unit must be manufactured and
assembled according to the latest edition of national and international standards including
any supplements or addenda applicable to the service for each of its components. Units
in package scope includes the supply of all engineering, procurement, construction,
packing and shipping for delivery it to the job site or where directed by CLIENT.
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16008 Chemical Injection Packages Technical

Specification
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16009 Air Compressor Package Technical Specification
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16011 Sand Jet Package Technical Specification
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16007 Flare KO Drum Package Technical Specification
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD17026 Air Compressor Package Data Sheets
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD17027 Process Chemical Injection Package Data Sheets
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD17029 Sand Jet Package Data Sheets
H1M0011501-CO413-MD17025 Flare KO Drum Package Data Sheets
10.5.7 Flare / Vent Stacks
Flare / Vent Stack system shall be designed for continuous and unattended burning of
produced gas, or the intermittent burning of hydrocarbons emergency relief and will be
available to operate under the environmental conditions in the documents listed below:
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD16006 Flare Package Technical Specification

H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD17023 Flare Package Data Sheets
H1M0011503-CO4D3-MD17024 Cold Vent Stack Data Sheets
Flare will be purged at all times to maintain continuous flow of gas to the outlet thereof,
will have pilots, an ignition system and a control system for purge gas and pilot gas in
order to ensure that the drivers remain on.
Flare will operate smokeless during low pressure gas continuous burning without injection
of steam or water. The design of this unit will be such as to allow easy transport and
maintenance.
Flare design and support must take into account the thermal expansion of the main body
as a result of the temperature conditions; the design must also take into account the stop
condition when flare’s housing is at room temperature. Support for tension wires, specific
design criteria applicable for tension wires.

1345-01-10-M01-TEC-001 Fecha Ago.16 64 de 73
Flare will be designed to withstand temporary or momentary excess loads such as those
resulting from the change of the tip of flare with a crane. Flare shall also support the pipe
and ignition lines, fuel gas and steam.
To Vent Stacks not equipped with seals labyrinth greater than NPS 12 inch (12”) in
diameter, will be provided a grid (grating) in the flare, to no more than 12" below the
flange connection of the Tip of flare, for the purpose of prevent large objects falling from
the Mechurrio when the tip is removed. The grid (grating) should be made of pipe or flat
bars with the flat side aligned parallel to the flow direction to minimize the pressure drop.
The openings of the grid (grating) should be square with a maximum distance from the
center- to-center distance between the bars 9 inches (9”). The grid will be designed to
withstand an impact load of 500 kg over a distance of 3 m.
Flare stack will be designed with tension wires to withstand specified loads wind.
The electrical connection points will be located at the base of the Flare stack.
The elevation of the process gas connection to the flares will be as indicated in the data
sheet listed below. The stack base will have a connection for drainage directed towards a
drum for removal of liquids.
To calculate the radiation level solar radiation according to the following considerations in
the Table 8:
Table 12.Radiation level Solar Radiation.

Solar Radiation 300 BTU/hr/ft²
Radiation levels on the Flare’s basis (including solar 1500

radiation) BTU/hr/ft²
Thermal Radiation, maximum, in relation to third parties 440 BTU/hr/ft²

The nozzle (TIP) and the stack of the flare will be transport separately and be assembled
on site, prior to erection.
Stacks should be designed for a minimum of 1000 hours of useful life due to fatigue by
induced resonance due to the wind resonance speed for 100 hours and a safety factor of
10%.
Flare’s stack should have lifting ears to safety lift and install it on the foundation.
10.5.8 Platforms and Stairs appended to the Mechanical Equipment Skids
The design of the platforms and stairs shall be in accordance with OSHA Safety
Standards and PDVSA Norms mentioned in Section 3.2 of this document.

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11 PAINTING
All surfaces specified to be painted shall be in accordance with PDVSA Norms O-201
SELECTION AND SPECIFICATIONS APPLICATION OF PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS
PAINTINGS. REV 7 DIC.13. This standard establishes criteria for color code and paint
systems to use. The painting system will be used for industrial environments.
In order to minimize contamination between successive layers of paint, application of the

next layer of the system should be done as soon as permitted by particular specification
and should not delay its implementation beyond period specified by VENDOR AND/OR
MANUFACTURER. Should not met recoat time should be performed solvent cleaning
(SSPC - SP1) and whether it has served the maximum time recommended by the
manufacturer must be make Hand Tool Cleaning (SSPC - SP2) , mechanics ( SSPC -
SP3) or skimming (SSPC - SP7).
Surfaces treated with abrasive blasting must be protected with the first coat paint system
selected in accordance to Codes and Standards applicable listed in the Section 5 of this
document, in phases pre - treatment or pre - manufacture.
At the completion of the work specified, all painted work shall be touched up and restored
where damaged, defaced or defective, and the entire work left free from blemishes.
12 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
12.1 General
Safety should be considered as an integral part of the work, starting with the basic
concept of the process and continuing throughout the design process, review piping and
instrumentation diagram (P&ID), equipment’s specification, design detail, procurement,
construction and finally the start-up.
The safety of a plant more efficiently obtain security building as part of the process, and
every piece of equipment instead of relying on complex controls and operating
instructions. Excessive complexity leads to confusion. Intelligence and hard work is
needed to make things simple; but the effort involved can be highly rewarded.
To assess the risk factors in the design to protect worker health, also, the integrity of
equipment, plants and environment, applying the principles of safety, health and
environment.
Health, safety and environment is based on a set of principles, policies, laws, standards,
norms and fundamental procedures to eliminate and control risk factors capable of
causing damage to persons, property and the environment.

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All these factors mentioned above are based on the rules of PDVSA Norms
“Risk Engineering Handbook” and of the “Design Engineering Handbook” 90622.1.001
"Design Safety Guidelines".
12.2 Industrial Safety and Health
Based on a set of principles, laws, standards and rules formulated, which aims to prevent
accidents and control risks that may cause harm to people, environment, equipment and
materials. To this end, will be considered when designing the COVENIN 22-70-1995.
For the design and installation of equipment and piping associated with the project items
5.3, 5.4 and 5.12 of PDVSA Norm 90622.1.001 "Design Safety Guidelines" will be
considered.
Recognizes evaluates and controls environmental factors, tensions arising or resulting

from or in connection with work and can cause diseases, affect the health and welfare or
create significant discomfort among workers. To this end, during the design be
considered COVENIN 22-70-1995.
12.3 Noise Limits
The noise level must not exceed the limit values laid down in the PDVSA Norm SO-S-08
"Guideline for implementation of hearing conservation programs" and the design of noise
allowable limit in plant and equipment will be made according to criteria established in
item 5.1.3 of that standard.
13 ATTACHMENTS

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ATTACHMENT N° 1 SPACES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE)

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Source: PDVSA’s Design Engineering Handbook, PDVSA H -251, Process

and Utility Piping Design Requirements, Rev. 1 Dec 98

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ATTACHMENT N° 2 BY-PASS VALVES – GLOBE (PIPE SIZE IN INCHES)

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GATE RATING AND BYPASS GLOBE VALVE SIZE

VALVE
SIZE 150 CLASS 300 CLASS 400 CLASS 600 CLASS 900 CLASS AND OVER
NONE N-A
4 --- --- --- ¾
6 --- --- ¾ ¾
8 --- --- ¾ ¾
10 --- --- 1 1
12 --- 1 1 1
14 to 20 1 --- 1 1
24 1 --- 1 1
Source: PDVSA’s Design Engineering Handbook, PDVSA H -251, Process and Utility Piping Design
Requirements, Rev. 1 Dec 98

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ATTACHMENT N° 3 EQUIPMENT PEDESTALS ELEVATIONS

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Descriptions Base Height, mm,

(See Notes 1, 2 and 3)
Pumps 300
Vessels 300 (Note 4)
Tanks 300
Special Equipments 300 (Note 4)
Cooled equipments 100
Production Separators 300 (Note 3)
Notes:
1. Elevations are referred to the point of maximum elevation (PMEA)
surrounding floor finishing equipment. The elevation of the point of
support equipment (PSE) is shown in the pipe layout drawings is the sum
of the PMEA elevation and elevation indicated in this table pedestal and
referred to medium level the sea.
2. All levels of support in concrete should include a clearance of at least 25
mm for mortar’s leveling.
3. Developing detailed engineering, should verify all elevations of the
foundations of the equipment according to the latest equipment sizes
information certified by SUPPLIER AND/OR MANUFACTURER.
4. Unless specific process requirements.

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MECHANICAL DESIGN CRITERIA

3 REFERENCE DOCUMENT, CODES AND APPLICABLE STANDARDS ........................ 5

5 NUMBERING AND TAGGING OF PIPING AND EQUIPMENTS ................................... 20

6 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT ............................................................................................. 20

7 PROJECT LANGUAGE .................................................................................................. 21

8 FACILITY LOCATION .................................................................................................... 21

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12 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 66

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3 REFERENCE DOCUMENT, CODES AND APPLICABLE STANDARDS

3.1 Documents Reference

H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11001 Bases y Criterios de Diseño de Procesos

H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11003 Bases y Criterios de Diseño Civil

H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11005 Bases y Criterios de Diseño Automatización y Control

H1M0011503-CO4D3-GD11004 Bases y Criterios de Diseño de Electricidad

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It is mandatory to use the latest version of PDVSA Norm.

3.3 National Standards

3.3.1 Standards for Location of Equipment and Facilities

3.3.1.1 PDVSA’s Design Engineering Handbook

L-TPD-108.4 Plot Plan Preparation and Presentation

A-261 Criteria and Minimum Actions for Structures Design

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3.3.1.2 PDVSA’s Risk Engineering Handbook

IR-M-01 Separation between Equipments and Facilities

3.3.1.3 PDVSA’s Materials Specification Manual

3.3.1.4 PDVSA’s Inspection Manual

PI-02-08-01 Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Tests for Pipe Systems

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3.3.1.5 COVENIN’s Norms (Venezuelan Industrial Standards Commission)

200 National Electrical Code

3.4 International Standards

3.4.1 MCA (Air Movement and Control Association)

AMCA 220-91 Test Methods for Air Curtains Units

3.4.2 ANSI (American National Standard Institute)

ANSI A14.3 Fixed Ladders – Safety Requirements.

3.4.3 ANSI (American National Standard Institute)

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3.4.4 MSS (Manufacturer´s Standard Specifications)

MSS SP-44 Steel Pipe Line Flanges

3.4.5 API (American Petroleum Institute)

5L Line Pipe Specification

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3.4.6 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)

A53 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,

A105 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping

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3.4.7 AISC (American Industry of Steel Construction)

S-326 Design, Material, Fabrication and Erection

3.4.8 AWS (American Welding Society)

AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code

ANSI / AWWA D100 Welded Steel Tanks for Water Storage

3.4.10 ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

ISO15156 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Materials for use

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3.4.11 NACE International (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)