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Overview
Engine
o extracts heat from a hot reservoir
o does work
o exhausts remaining heat to cold reservoir
Efficiency (𝜖)
𝑊𝑏𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒
o Ratio of work done by the engine to heat extracted from the hot reservoir ( ≤
𝑄𝐻
𝑇𝐻 −𝑇𝑐
𝑇𝐻
)
o Sterling cycle
a standard example of a heat engine
Two isothermal (constant temperature) transitions
Two isochoric (constant volume) transitions
Working substance is an ideal gas
Heat Engines
Engine
o Consumes energy
o In return, makes something useful happen
Internal Combustion Engines
o Use gasoline/diesel fuel
o Turn drive shaft to make vehicles move
Steam Engines
o Coal as fuel
o Turn locomotive's wheels
Nuclear Plant
o Uranium as fuel
o Turn generators to make electricity
Heat Engines
o Convert heat into mechanical work
o Driven by temperature difference
o Extract work as heat flows from a hot region to a cold region
o Temperature difference causes pressure difference
Causes piston to move + do meaningful work
o Must have cyclical operation
Does same thing repeatedly with the same result
Turning Heat into Work
Heat difference key
Heat flows from hot reservoir through the substance of the engine (usually gas) to the cold
reservoir
Screen clipping taken: 9/18/2017 12:19 PM