INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED

PRACTICES FOR ASSURING STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY

ON OCTG PRODUCTS

F. Daguerre, M. Merliahmad, M. Tivelli

Technical Assistance - South East Asia

 Introduction
Conceptual Vision
Well Challenges Failure – Lack of Structural Reliability

Well Design
(Load cases –
Environment …)

Exploration -
Drilling
(Associated
services)

Casing +
Cementing

Completion
Production
etc

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 Introduction
Conceptual Vision
Well Challenges

Well Design
Corrosion&
(Load cases – Cracking
Environment …) Resistance

9Multiaxial Loads

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kin Life ncy

Exploration -

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9Thermal profile

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Drilling

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Product

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services)
9Fluid dynamics

ki

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Performance

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Casing + 9Interaction fluids & Structural
Cementing Mechanical
materials Properties Performance Dimensions

Working Conditions

Completion
Production
etc

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 Introduction
From needs to requirements
Well Challenges

Well Design
Corrosion&
(Load cases – Cracking
Environment …) •API 5CT/ISO 11960 Resistance

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•NACE MR0175

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kin Life ncy

Exploration -

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/ISO15156

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•API 5C3 / ISO 10400

a
Product

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services)

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Performance

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Casing + •API 5C5 / ISO13679
Cementing Structural
Mechanical
•Proprietary specs. Properties Performance Dimensions

Working Conditions

Completion
Production
etc

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 Introduction
From needs to requirements
Well Challenges

Well Design
Corrosion&
(Load cases – Cracking
Environment …) •API 5CT/ISO 11960 Resistance

W
•NACE MR0175

or
rfo ter tion

kin Life ncy

Exploration -

ce
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nd

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/ISO15156

ex
Drilling

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Co
Co

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Pe a

ct
(Associated

ng

M
•API 5C3 / ISO 10400

a
Product

iti
services)

ki

on
or
Performance

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Casing + •API 5C5 / ISO13679
Cementing Structural
Mechanical
•Proprietary specs. Properties Performance Dimensions

Working Conditions

Completion
Production
etc

DMF 4th Petroleum Forum Federico Daguerre 5

 Material Performance
Material Properties
•API 5CT/ISO 11960

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 Material Performance
Material Properties
•API 5CT/ISO 11960
Ys Range [ksi] 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 Max HRC

Group I H40
J55 - K 55
N80 Type1 & N80Q
Group II M65 22

L80 23

C90 25,4
C95
T95 25,4
Group III P110
Group IV Q125

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 Material Performance
Material Properties
•API 5CT/ISO 11960
Corrosion&
6.2 Heat Treatment Cracking
Resistance
7.1 Chemical Composition

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Structural
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Properties Performance Dimensions

Working Conditions

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Material Performance

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Material Performance

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 Material Performance
Material Properties
•API 5CT/ISO 11960
6.2 Heat Treatment Corrosion&
Cracking
7.1 Chemical Composition Resistance

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7.10. Hardenability

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7.11 Grain size

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Structural
Mechanical
Properties Performance Dimensions

Working Conditions

7.2 Tensile properties

7.3-7.-6 Charpy V-notch test
7.8 Hardness variation
7.14 Sulfide stress cracking
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 Material Performance
Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance
•NACE MR0175 /ISO15156-2

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 Material Performance
Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance
•NACE MR0175 /ISO15156
Corrosion&
Cracking
Resistance

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Structural
Mechanical
Properties Performance Dimensions

Working Conditions

9In environments containing H2S, hydrogen embrittlement,

Sulfide Stress Cracking could suddenly occur

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 Material Performance
Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance
Factors interacting in the performance of steels
1. Chemical composition, method of manufacture, product form, strength,
hardness of the material and its local variations, amount of cold work,
heat-treatment condition, microstructure, microstructural uniformity,
grain size and cleanliness of the material;
2. H2S Partial pressure in gas or equivalent concentration in water phase.
3. Acidity (in situ pH) of the water phase.
4. Chloride ion concentration in the water phase
5. Presence of sulfur or other oxidants
6. Exposure to non-production fluids
7. Exposure to temperature
8. Total tensile stress: applied stress plus residual stress.
9. Exposure time.
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 Material Performance
Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance
H2S pp > 0,3Kpa (0,05psi)

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 Material Performance
Material Properties
•API 5CT/ISO 11960

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 Material Performance
Material Properties
•API 5CT/ISO 11960
Risk Concern ? Improve Structural Reliability

•Supplementary •Mechanical Properties

Requirements •Statistical testing
•Product specification •NDT acceptance criteria
Level •Inspection Frequencies

9SR12. Statistical analysis of impact testing

9SR16. Impact testing (Charpy V-notch) for pipe
9H.2.2 Grade N80Q, PSL-3 (6.2.2). Only N80Q shall be furnished for PSL-3.
9H.4. PSL2 C90, T95, Q125. Chemical composition shall be Type 1.
9H.5 Yield strength - Q125, PSL-3. The maximum yield strength shall be 140 ksi
9H.6.1. PSL2. Charpy, minimum 75% shear area.
9H.7. PSL2 L80 Type 1: Hardenability 90%. PSL3 C90 & T95: 95%
9H.9 Sulfide stress-cracking - PSL-3. Method A testing with a load of 90% SMYS.
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 Material Performance
Structural Performance

Corrosion&
Cracking
Resistance

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Properties Performance Dimensions

Working Conditions

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C3 / ISO 10400
Corrosion&
Cracking
Resistance

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C3 / ISO 10400

9Classical approach, deterministic, smooth body continuous mechanics

9Statistical approach, realizing the variability of product parameters
depending no actual process control capabilities
9Influence of imperfections and material fracture toughness in the
product rupture.

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C3 / ISO 10400

¾ 6 Triaxial yield of pipe body

¾ 7 Ductile rupture of the pipe body
¾ 8 External pressure resistance
¾ 9 Joint strength
¾ Annex B (inf.) Discussion of equations for ductile rupture
¾ Annex D (inf.) Discussion of equations for fracture
¾ Annex F (inf.) Development of probabilistic collapse performance properties
¾ Annex G (inf.) Calculation of design collapse strength from collapse test data
¾ Annex K (inf.) Tables of calculated performance properties in SI units

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C3 / ISO 10400
¾ 6 Triaxial yield of pipe body
Internal Pressure
Internal Yield +

_ Ys Ys +
Compression Tension

External Yield

_
External Pressure
23 May 2011

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C3 / ISO 10400
¾ Annex F (inf.) Development of probabilistic collapse performance properties

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C3 / ISO 10400
¾ 7 Ductile rupture of the pipe body
¾ Annex B (inf.) Discussion of equations for ductile rupture
¾ Annex D (inf.) Discussion of equations for fracture

9Final failure must consider the imperfection acceptance levels

9Annexes K and L: Burst for P110 at 12,5 % and at a 5 % NDT

inspection level.

9Supplementary requirements, like SR2, or PLS 2 /3 in API 5CT

– ISO 11960 for a higher structural reliability becomes evident.

9Rupture could be ductile or fragile, with different mechanisms

and quite different load levels.

9H2S will affect the actual toughness and then special formulas
are to be considered. Several work is ongoing in this regards.

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C5 / ISO 13679
Corrosion&
Cracking
Resistance

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C5 / ISO 13679

For API connections, round and buttress, the main

characteristics are covered in API TR 5C3 / ISO TR 10400
and tabulated in Annexes K and L.

The type of conditions in which they are used and their

limitations to “low pressure, no critical services” are
widely recognized.

API 5C5 / ISO 13679, that establishes minimum design

verification testing procedures and acceptance criteria for
casing and tubing premium connections

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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C5 / ISO 13679
It categorizes test severity into four test classes.

9Cal I, for liquid service, testing at room temperature

without external pressure and bending optional.

9Cal II adds thermal cycling with a cumulative exposure of

5 h to gas at 135 °C.

9Cal III, for gas and liquid service, includes external

pressure in the cycling testing.

9Cal IV, for most severe application includes bending, and

thermal/pressure-tension cycling with cumulative exposure
of about 50 h to gas at 180 °C.

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 Validation Tests
ISO 13679 – Galling Evaluation & Seal capacity under combined loads
Specimen preparation Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 Specimen 4 Specimen 5 Specimen 6 Specimen 7 Specimen 8
Thread-seal interference H-L L-L H-H 8 SPECIMENS
L-H H-L H-L L-H L-H
Thread taper PSBF PSBF NOM-NOM PFBS PSBF PSBF PFBS PFBS
GALLING RESISTANCE

MU (A) MU (A) MU (A) MU (A) MU (A) MU (A) MU (A) MU (A)

7.2.2 7.2.2 7.2.2 7.2.2 7.2.2 7.2.2 7.2.2 7.2.2
Make and H/L H/H H/H H/H H/L H/H H/L H/L
break properties
RRG (B) RRG (B) RRG (B) RRG (B)
7.2.4 7.2.4 7.2.4 7.2.4
L/H L/H L/H L/H
Amount thread
compound/torque shown in
MBG (B) MBG (B) MBG (B) MBG (B)
each block
7.2.3 7.2.3 7.2.3 7.2.3
L/H L/H L/H L/H

FMU (B) FMU (B) FMU (B) FMU (B) FMU (B) FMU (B) FMU (B) FMU (B)
7.2.5 7.2.5 7.2.5 7.2.5 7.2.5 7.2.5 7.2.5 7.2.5
H/L H/H H/H H/H H/L H/H H/L H/L

Bake Bake Bake Bake Bake Bake Bake Bake Bake

CAL II, III, IV 7.3.2 7.3.2 7.3.2 7.3.2 7.3.2 7.3.2 7.3.2 7.3.2
COMBINED

T/C pi/po T/C pi/po T/C pi/po T/C pi/po

LOADS

Series A
7.3.3 7.3.3 7.3.3 7.3.3

T/C pi w B T/C pi w B T/C pi w B T/C pi w B

Series B
7.3.4 7.3.4 7.3.4 7.3.4

Thermal Cycle Thermal Cycle Thermal Cycle Thermal Cycle

Series C
7.3.5 7.3.5 7.3.5 7.3.5

Structural tests Failure test Failure test Failure test Failure test Failure test Failure test Failure test Failure test
CAL pih+T to F C+po to F T to F po+C to F T+pi to F pi+C to F po to F pil+T to F
IV & III 7.5.1 7.5.2
FAILURE
7.5.3 7.5.4
TESTS7.5.5 7.5.6 7.5.7 7.5.8
Path No. P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
th
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 Material Performance
Structural Performance
•API 5C5 / ISO 13679
20.0
Load Points
Collapse Pressure
15.0
95% VMES
100% VMES (Y ield)
10.0
Pressure [ksi]

5.0

0.0
-3,000 -2,000 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000
-5.0

-10.0

-15.0

-20.0
Test Failure
Axial Load [kips]

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 Conclusions
From needs to requirements

Corrosion&
9International Standards and Recommended Cracking
Resistance
Practice assure the structural reliability.

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9The application of these documents requires

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a sound engineer judgment for each

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9Some cases are not considered in these Structural
Mechanical
documents, and as stated in API 5CT / ISO
Properties Performance Dimensions

11960 introduction: Working Conditions

“Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or

differing requirements may be needed for individual applications”.

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