Experiment #1

1. Problem Statement:
Due to the vast applications of Slider Crank Mechanism,
the investigation kinematics of crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism holds
huge importance. Also, the evaluation of increase in efficiency offered, when this
apparatus is applied to any machine tool has some significance.

2. Objective:
To understand kinematics of Slider Crank Mechanism and draw
displacement, velocity and acceleration- time graphs from the observations taken during
the experiment.

3. Apparatus:

 Slider Crank Mechanism

4. Theory:
A crank or crankshaft is an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating
shaft by which reciprocating motion is imparted to or received from the shaft. It is used
to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice versa. The arm may be a
bent portion of the shaft, or a separate arm or disk attached to it.

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows the mechanism of a slider crank mechanism.

Attached to the end of the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually called a connecting
rod (conrod). The end of the rod attached to the crank moves in a circular motion, while
the other end is usually constrained to move in a linear sliding motion.

4.1. Reciprocating Motion:

Reciprocating motion, also called reciprocation, is a
repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth linear motion. It is found in a wide range of
mechanisms, including reciprocating engines and pumps. The two opposite
motions that comprise a single reciprocation cycle are called strokes.

4.2. Slider Crank Mechanism:

It is mainly used to convert rotary motion to a
reciprocating motion or vice versa. Below a she slider-crank mechanism is shown and
the parameters that are used to define the angles and the link lengths are given. As in
the four-bar mechanism, the extended and folded dead centre positions are when the
crank and the coupler are collinear (coupler link is commonly called connecting rod in
slider-crank mechanisms). The Slider-crank mechanism is used to transform rotational
motion into translational motion by means of a rotating driving beam, a connection rod
and asliding body.

Figure 2
A slider-crank is a four-bar linkage that has a crank that rotates coupled to a slider that
the moves along a straight line. This mechanism is composed of three important parts:
The crank which is the rotating disc, the slider which slides inside the tube and the
connecting rod which joins the parts together. As the slider moves to the right the
connecting rod pushes the wheel round for the first 180 degrees of wheel rotation. When
the slider begins to move back into the tube, the connecting rod pulls the wheel round to
complete the rotation.

5. Applications:
1. It is used in reciprocating engines.
2. It is used in rotary engines.
3. It finds its application in oscillating cylinder engine,which is a simple steam
engine design that requires no valve gear.
4. It has applications in scotch yoke and hand pumps.
5. Elliptical trammel & Oldham’s coupling also use slider mechanism.

6. Procedure:

1. Make sure that the slider crank mechanism is working properly.

2. Set the angle of the piston and the curcle at 0˚.
3. The angle of the circle is rotated to 30˚ and the resulting distance moved by the
piston is noted.
4. The angle of the circle is increased at the successive interval of 20˚,until it
reaches 360˚ and the resulting displacement is observed.
5. Graph between the position of the cylinder and the angle of circle is plotted.
6. Similarly,draw v-t & a-t graphs too.
7. Observations & Calculations:

No Θ Displacement Savg.
Of Obs. (˚) S1 S2 S3 (in)
1. 0 0 0 0 0
2. 20 0.2 0.22 0.2 0.206
3. 40 0.7 0.75 0.73 0.726
4. 60 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
5. 80 2.4 2.36 2.35 2.37
6. 100 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
7. 120 3.95 3.97 3.97 3.96
8. 140 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55
9. 160 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9
10. 180 5 5 5 5
11. 200 4.85 4.88 4.89 4.87
12. 220 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
13. 240 3.9 3.93 3.94 3.92
14. 260 3.1 3.15 3.15 3.13
15. 280 2.25 2.28 2.26 2.26
16. 300 1.45 1.42 1.4 1.42
17. 320 0.65 0.68 0.66 0.66
18. 340 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.17
19. 360 0 0 0 0

Graphs:
 Displacement-θ Graph
6

4
Displacement

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
(θ)

v-θ Graph
0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02
Velocity (m/s)

0.01

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
-0.01

-0.02

-0.03

-0.04

-0.05
(θ)
 a-θ Graph
0.025

0.02
Acceleration(m/s^2 )

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

-0.005
Angle of Circle (θ)

8. Comments:
It has been confirmed that the quick return motion may increase
the efficiency of the machine tool because it can reduce the rotation angle for the
return stroke. This is because; the time taken for the slider to return to its initial
position is less than the time taken for the slider to accomplish the cutting
operation with the same distance. Therefore, the occurrence of the cutting stroke
can be done in many instances. It is evident that the experiment met the objective
in order to study the kinematic motion (sliding motion) of the slider in its path.