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Oracle 11g Instance Caging – limit database

 CPU
consumption
By Jérôme Witt March 7, 2011 Application integration & Middleware 10 Comments
As you certainly already have heard, Oracle 11g comes with a new feature called “Instance caging”.
This feature allows Oracle DBAs to easily manage Oracle Instance CPU consumption. How does it
work? Quite easily … see below.
First, two simple scenarios for your understanding:
Scenario 1: Server over-provisioning, 4 Databases sharing a 4 CPU-machine.
http://blog.dbi-services.com/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumpt... 29/03/2016
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With heavy load on all databases, each one of them would equally consume:
3/(3+3+3+3) = 0.25 => 25%.
If only two databases are active, then one instance will consume:
3/(3+3) =0.5 => 50% of the CPU.
Per default, the init parameter CPU_COUNT is set to {Max. Number of CPU -1}.
Scenario 2: Now, assume you have a server with 16 CPUs and 4 databases running on it. Several of
these databases are not critical. But one, the production line, is!
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Using Oracle 11g Instance caging, you are able to manage the maximal amount of CPU consumed by
each oracle instances.
Instance A could consume up to 62.5% (10/16=0.625) of CPU-capacity.
To enable instance caging, create an Oracle resource plan, active the plan and set the right
CPU_COUNT amount.
Step 1: enable Resource Manager

The first step consists in creating a simple resource manager plan.
BEGIN
— Pending area mandatory for each Resource Manager action
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PENDING_AREA();
–create resource consumer groups
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP (
CONSUMER_GROUP => ‘OLTP_CG’,
COMMENT => ‘OLTP high priority’
);
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CONSUMER_GROUP => ‘LOW_CG’,
COMMENT => ‘other eclectic applications’
);
–create a resource plan
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN(
PLAN => ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN’,
COMMENT => ‘Normal activity plan’,
MGMT_MTH=> ‘EMPHASIS’);
–validate & submit the pending area
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.VALIDATE_PENDING_AREA();
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SUBMIT_PENDING_AREA();
END;
To enable the resource plan, set the resource_manager_plan parameters as follows:
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN = ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN';
Setting the resource manager plan, activates the resource manager.
Step 2: Set cpu_count
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET CPU_COUNT = 16;
>To burn all available CPU (dynamically of course :), we will start 16 parallel sessions running the
following code:
DECLARE
L_n NUMBER;
BEGIN
WHILE (TRUE)
LOOP
L_ n:= dbms_random.random();
END LOOP;
END;
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oracle@sbsubs177:bscc177 > prstat -t -s cpu -n 5
NPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU
72 oracle 1398M 1501M 4.6% 1:12:25 96%
1 smmsp 1512K 4416K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%
6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%
23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%
Total: 102 processes, 274 lwps, load averages: 17.11, 10.56, 5.02
Dividing CPU to 50 % of the amount of CPU’s
72 oracle 1398M 1501M 4.6% 1:36:20 51%
1 smmsp 1512K 4184K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%
6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%
23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%
Dividing CPU to 25 % of the amount of CPU’s
72 oracle 1398M 1503M 4.6% 1:47:28 26%
1 smmsp 1512K 4184K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%
6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%
23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%

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Let’s shortly summarize all steps to create an overall Resource Manager plan:
1. Create groups : (see above) – consumer groups can be viewed by querying

DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP
OLTP_CG : OLTP consumer group, unlimited resource access

REPORTING_CG : Our reporting application which should not burn all our available CPU-power
LOW_CG : our low priority group , maximum CPU-usage 25%
2. Create Resource Manager plan (see above)
3. Create Resource Manager directives, plan directives are switch conditions.
if a User/Session from consumer group REPORTING_CG consumes 50% CPU (parameter MGMT_P1)
during 10 CPU seconds (paramter SWITCH_TIME), he will be automatically switched to the
LOW_CG consumer group
LOW_CG is a plan directive that limits CPU usage to 25% (parameter MAX_UTILIZATION_LIMIT)
P. S. : If you try looking up the parameter MAX_UTILIZATION LIMIT in the Oracle 11gR2 Administration
guide, it’s a gift, it is only m entioned in the exam ple pages
-– create plan directives

BEGIN
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PENDING_AREA();
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE (
GROUP_OR_SUBPLAN => ‘REPORTING_CG’,
COMMENT => ‘switch REPORTING group to a lower priority consumer
group’,
MGMT_P1 => 50,
SWITCH_GROUP => ‘LOW_CG’,
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COMMENT => ‘sets the max CPU used for LOW_GC’,

MAX_UTILIZATION_LIMIT => 25
);
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE (
GROUP_OR_SUBPLAN => ‘OTHER_GROUPS’,
COMMENT => ‘This one is required’,
MGMT_P1 => 10
);
END;
/
4. Set the initial resource group for database schemas, “query-able” from
DBA_USERS.INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP:
BEGIN
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.ORACLE_USER,’REPORT_USER’,’REPORTING_CG’);
(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.ORACLE_USER,’OTHER_USER’,’LOW_CG’);
END;
SQL> select username,INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP from dba_users where username like ‘%_USER';
USERNAME INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP
—————– ——————————
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burns all available CPU (CPU_COUNT set to 16).
The V$SESSION.RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP view shows the current consumer group:
SQL> select username,RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP,sid,serial# from v$session where username is not null
and schemaname!=’SYS’ and rownum=1 ;
USERNAME RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP SID SERIAL#
————- ———————— —– ——-
REPORT_USER OTHER_GROUPS 146 1
Because our resource plan directives are not accurate, the REPORTING_CG consumer group switches
automatically to OTHERS_GROUPS and consumes all available CPU. The Resource manager plans should be
as structured as possible to avoid switching connected session directly to the default OTHER_GROUPS
consumer group.
The procedure…
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SWITCH_CONSUMER_GROUP_FOR_SESS
(‘v$session.sid’,’v$session.serial’#,’REPORTING_GC’)
…can be used to switch back all users sessions to the resource consumer group REPORTING_CG.
SQL> select username,RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP,sid,serial# from v$session where username is not null
and schemaname!=’SYS’ and rownum=1 ;
USERNAME RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP SID SERIAL#
————- ———————— —– ——-
REPORT_USER LOW_CG 146 1
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113 oracle 1598M 1648M 5.0% 0:30:12 23%
1 smmsp 1512K 3704K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%
6 daemon 6728K 5152K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%
22 root 104M 54M 0.2% 0:39:12 0.0%
I hope you enjoyed reading this post. We have just scratched the surface of the Resource Manager, which is
able to…
manage the degree of parallelism (number of parallel execution servers)

manage active session (nulber of concurrent active sessions)
limit UNDO usage
limite execution time (maximum execution time allowed for an operation)
and so on … all features are well described in the Oracle 11gR2 Database Administration
documentation
By the way, Instance Caging cannot reduce the number of licensed CPUs!
10 Comments
mubeen says: Reply to mubeen

December 13, 2011 at 5 h 51 min
Thanks for posting in details. I have a quick question.
Let’s say my server has 16 CPU. I like to have 2 databases on that machine,
production & test.
in Production database:
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Is it enough ? thanks
Piotr Flakowski says: Reply to Piotr

July 8, 2012 at 15 h 04 min
Hi, and when my problem is that I have application running on the application
server/java based, and the one oracle instance is using 100% of the 4-core
processor running w2k8 64 bit os?
Jérôme Witt says: Reply to Jérôme

July 11, 2012 at 7 h 11 min
Hi Piotr,
Well, this should also be true for MS w2k8 Follow the instructions.
Pay attention to the performance, you may dramatically increase the response
time by reducing the CPU power…
Regards
Perry Kahlon says: Reply to Perry

April 2, 2014 at 19 h 30 min
Hi Jerome.. I have a question. Suppose if we have 8 CPUs on server and we

assign 2 CPUs to a database. Now, will other processes on server be able to
use these 2 CPUs or will these be dedicated to database only? FYI, we are
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April 22, 2014 at 14 h 21 min
Hi Perry,
The spare CPU power is of course available for other processes ( i.e non-
caged database)! By setting the CPU_COUNT you only tell to the Oracle
RDBMS kernel the number of CPUs available for Oracle Database to use.
Have fun with your ODA

Regards,
Ranjit Rakwal says: Reply to Ranjit

October 13, 2014 at 21 h 16 min
Hi Jerome,
One of my ODA has 12 databases and 16 cores available.
If I enable instance caging on 2 databases with 4 cpu’s each and leave rest of
10 database with out instance caging.
What will happen if 95% of the 16 CPU is being used by non caged databases
and os processes. Suppose the two databases for which instance caging is
enabled need 40% of the CPU and only 5% is available.
Regards
Ranjit Rakwal
Siva says: Reply to Siva

January 9, 2015 at 8 h 27 min
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Regards,
Siva
Siva says: Reply to Siva

January 9, 2015 at 8 h 29 min
and one more thing I am a Server Administrator and I don’t know about dba
program.
Randy says: Reply to Randy

February 4, 2015 at 14 h 29 min
Hi Jerome,
I am confused on 2 points
1. after you ran:
(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.ORACLE_USER,’REPORT_USER’,’REPORTING_CG’);
Unless its because you did not grant switch group rights, why is report_user
starting his session in other_groups?
2. Why are the directives not accurate or structured?

How could they be more structured?
Thanks
Randy
December 14, 2011 at 18 h 06 min

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Reminder : Instance caging works also increasing the CPU_COUNT (on the fly).
You will have to test each setting
Regards
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Oracle 11g Instance Caging - limit database CPU consumption - Blog dbi services Página 1 de 17

Oracle 11g Instance Caging – limit database

First, two simple scenarios for your understanding:

Scenario 1: Server over-provisioning, 4 Databases sharing a 4 CPU-machine.

Step 1: enable Resource Manager

— Pending area mandatory for each Resource Manager action

–create resource consumer groups

CONSUMER_GROUP => ‘OLTP_CG’,

COMMENT => ‘OLTP high priority’

CONSUMER_GROUP => ‘LOW_CG’,

COMMENT => ‘other eclectic applications’

–create a resource plan

PLAN => ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN’,

COMMENT => ‘Normal activity plan’,

–validate & submit the pending area

To enable the resource plan, set the resource_manager_plan parameters as follows:

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN = ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN';

Setting the resource manager plan, activates the resource manager.

Step 2: Set cpu_count

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET CPU_COUNT = 16;

oracle@sbsubs177:bscc177 > prstat -t -s cpu -n 5

NPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU

72 oracle 1398M 1501M 4.6% 1:12:25 96%

1 smmsp 1512K 4416K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%

6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%

23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%

Dividing CPU to 50 % of the amount of CPU’s

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET CPU_COUNT = 8;

oracle@sbsubs177:bscc177 > prstat -t -s cpu -n 5

NPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU

72 oracle 1398M 1501M 4.6% 1:36:20 51%

1 smmsp 1512K 4184K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%

6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%

23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%

Dividing CPU to 25 % of the amount of CPU’s

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET CPU_COUNT = 4;

oracle@sbsubs177:bscc177 > prstat -t -s cpu -n 5

NPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU

72 oracle 1398M 1503M 4.6% 1:47:28 26%

1 smmsp 1512K 4184K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%

6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%

23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%

1. Create groups : (see above) – consumer groups can be viewed by querying

OLTP_CG : OLTP consumer group, unlimited resource access

2. Create Resource Manager plan (see above)

3. Create Resource Manager directives, plan directives are switch conditions.

-– create plan directives

COMMENT => ‘sets the max CPU used for LOW_GC’,

SQL> select username,INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP from dba_users where username like ‘%_USER';

burns all available CPU (CPU_COUNT set to 16).

The V$SESSION.RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP view shows the current consumer group:

SQL> select username,RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP,sid,serial# from v$session where username is not null

and schemaname!=’SYS’ and rownum=1 ;

USERNAME RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP SID SERIAL#

————- ———————— —– ——-

REPORT_USER OTHER_GROUPS 146 1

SQL> select username,RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP,sid,serial# from v$session where username is not null

and schemaname!=’SYS’ and rownum=1 ;

USERNAME RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP SID SERIAL#

————- ———————— —– ——-

REPORT_USER LOW_CG 146 1

NPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU

manage the degree of parallelism (number of parallel execution servers)