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radicand 2. The number under the radical The radicand in the expression
sign. 3
! 64 is 64.
index The number that gives the degree 3. The index in the
5
of the root. expression !32 is 5.
principal root 5. The positive root when a The principal square root of
number has both a positive 4 is 2.
and a negative root.
Choose the word or phrase from the list that best completes each sentence.
cube root nth root radicand index principal root
10. When a number has both a positive and a negative root, the positive root is
1
Name Class Date
Boat Building Boat builders share an old rule of thumb for sailboats. The
maximum speed K in knots is 1.35 times the square root of the length L in feet
of the boat’s waterline.
a. A customer is planning to order a sailboat with a maximum speed
of 12 knots. How long should the waterline be?
b. How much longer would the waterline have to be to achieve a maximum
speed of 15 knots?
2. How can you find the length of a sailboat’s waterline if you know its maximum
speed?
Substitute the maximum speed for K and solve the resulting equation for L .
4. How can you find how much longer the waterline would have to be to achieve
a maximum speed of 15 knots, compared to a maximum speed of 12 knots?
Subtract the waterline length needed for a 12-knot maximum speed from the
2
Name Class Date
Practice
6-1
Form G
4 3 3
17. !0.0081 0.3 18. !27 3 19. !227 23 20. !0.09 0.3
Simplify each radical expression. Use absolute value symbols when needed.
3
21. "81x4 9x2 22. "121y10 11 »y5… 23. " 8g6 2g2
3 5 3
24. " 125x9 5x3 25. " 243x5y15 3xy3 26. " (x 2 9)3 x29
3 64x9 3 3
27. "25(x 1 2)4 5(x 1 2)2 28. %343 4x7 29. !20.008 20.2
4 x4 »x… 4
30. % 81 3
31. "36x2y6 6»x…y3 32. " (m 2 n)4 »m 2 n…
33. A cube has volume V 5 s3 , where s is the length of a side. Find the side length
for a cube with volume 8000 cm3. 20 cm
34. The temperature T in degrees Celsius (8C) of a liquid t minutes after heating is
given by the formula T 5 8 !t . When is the temperature 488C? 36 min
3
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-1
Form G
16 4 4
37. x2 5 0.16 20.4, 0.4 38. x2 5 49 27, 7
16 2 2 121 11 11
39. x4 5 625 25, 5 40. x2 5 625 225, 25
43. The number of new customers n that visit a dry cleaning shop in one year
is directly related to the amount a (in dollars) spent on advertising. This
relationship is represented by n3 5 13,824a. To attract 480 new customers,
how much should the owners spend on advertising during the year? $8000
44. Geometry The volume V of a sphere with radius r is given by the formula
V 5 43 pr3 .
a. What is the radius of a sphere with volume 36p cubic inches? 3 in.
b. If the volume increases by a factor of 8, what is the new radius? 6 in.
46. The velocity of a falling object can be found using the formula v2 5 64h,
where v is the velocity (in feet per second) and h is the distance the object has
already fallen.
a. What is the velocity of the object after a 10-foot fall? about 25.30 ft/sec
b. How much does the velocity increase if the object falls 20 feet
rather than 10 feet? about 10.48 ft/sec
4
Name Class Date
Practice
6-1
Form K
Find each real root. To start, find a number whose square, cube, or fourth is
equal to the radicand.
4 3
10. !400 11. 2!256 12. !2729
24 29
5 "(20)2 20
Simplify each radical expression. Use absolute value symbols when needed.
To start, write the factors of the radicand as perfect squares, cubes, or fourths.
3 4
13. "25x6 14. " 343x9y12 15. " 16x16y20
7x 3y 4 2x 4»y 5…
5 "(5)2(x3)2 5»x 3…
5
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-1
Form K
4
16. The formula for the volume of a sphere is V 5 3 pr3 . Solving for r, the radius of
3 3V
a sphere is r 5 Å 4p . If the volume of a sphere is 20 ft3, what is the radius of the
sphere to the nearest hundredth? 1.68 ft
20. Writing Explain how you know whether or not to include the absolute value
symbol on your root.
If the index is odd, then you do not use the absolute value symbol on your root. If the
index is even, then you need the absolute value symbol on those variable terms with an
odd power.
3 3 6
21. Arrange the numbers !264, 2!264, !64, and !64, in order from least to
3 6 3
greatest. !264 , !64, 2 !264 , !64
23. Reasoning There are no real nth roots of a number b. What can you conclude
about the index n and the number b?
The index n is even and the number b is negative.
6
Name Class Date
Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1−6, choose the correct letter.
1. What is the real square root of 0.0064? B
0.4 0.04
0.08 no real square root
16
3. What is the real fourth root of 281 ? D
2
3 249
3
4. What is the value of !20.027? F
20.3 0.3 20.03 0.03
Short Response
7. The volume V of a cube with side length s is V 5 s3. A cubical storage bin has
volume 5832 cubic inches. What is the length of the side of the cube? Show
your work.
3
[2] V 5 s3, 5832 5 s3, s 5 !5832 5 18; 18 in.
[1] incorrect side length OR no work shown
[0] incorrect answer and no work shown OR no answer given
7
Name Class Date
Enrichment
6-1 Roots and Radical Expressions
A computer that rounds numbers after each operation may introduce rounding errors
into calculations. To see the effects of rounding errors, perform each of the following
computations for x 5 2 and different r values. First find the given root and write the answer
to r 1 1 digits after the decimal. Carry out the four steps to get the answer and then raise the
result to the given power. Write the answer again to r 1 1 digits after the decimal and carry
out the four steps to get the final answer.
2 3 3
x r Q !x R Q !x R
2 6 2.000001 2.000000
2 3 1.999 2.000
2 1 2.0 2.2
8
Name Class Date
Reteaching
6-1 Roots and Radical Expressions
For any real numbers a and b and any positive integer n, if a raised to the nth
power equals b, then a is an nth root of b. Use the radical sign to write a root. The
following expressions are equivalent:
radical sign
Problem
4 1
b. Å625
Because Q 15 R 4 5 625
1
and Q 215 R 4 5 625
1
, both 15 and 215 are real-number fourth roots of 625
1
.
3
c. !20.064 Because (20.4)3 5 20.064,20.4 is a cube root of 20.064 and is, in fact, the only one.
3
So, !20.064 5 20.4.
d. !225 Because (5)2 5 (25)2 5 25, neither 5 nor 25 are second (square) roots of 225. There are
no real-number square roots of 225.
Exercises
Find the real-number roots of each radical expression.
3 4
1. !169 213, 13 2. !729 9 3. !0.0016 20.2, 0.2
3 3 125 5
4. Å
218 212 5. Å121
4 2 2
211 , 11 6. Å 216 6
4 4 3
7. Å
225 no real sq root 8. !0.1296 20.6, 0.6 9. !20.343 20.7
4 5 1 1 3 8 2
10. !20.0001 11. Å 243 3
12. Å 125 5
no real 4th root
9
Name Class Date
Reteaching (continued)
6-1 Roots and Radical Expressions
n
You cannot assume that "an 5 a. For example, "(26)2 5 !36 5 6, not 26.
This leads to the following property for any real number a:
n
If n is odd "an 5 a
n
If n is even "an 5 u a u
Problem
3
a. " 1000x3y9
3 3
" 1000x3y9 5 " 103x3(y3)3 Write each factor as a cube.
3
5" (10xy3)3 Write as the cube of a product.
5 10xy3 Simplify.
256g 8
b. 4 4 16
Åh k
4 256g8 4 44(g2)4
5 Write each factor as a power of 4.
Å h4k16 Å h4(k4)4
4g 2 4
5 4 a 4b Write as the fourth power of a quotient.
Å hk
4g2
5 Simplify.
u hu k4
The absolute value symbols are needed to ensure the root is positive when
h is negative. Note that 4g2 and k4 are never negative.
Exercises
Simplify each radical expression. Use absolute value symbols when needed.
3 1 1
13. "36x2 6»x… 14. " 216y3 6y 15.
Å 100x2 10»x…
27z3 3z 4 1331 11
19. 3 (z 1 12)2
20. " 2401x12 7»x3… 21. 3 x
Å (z 1 12)6 Å x3
(y 2 4)8 (y 2 4)2 a b 6 6
a 2b 2 3
22. 4 »z 1 9…
23. 3 3 c 24. " 2x3y6 2xy2
Å (z 1 9)4 Å c
Prentice Hall Algebra 2 • Teaching Resources
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
10
Name Class Date
3 3 3 3
Sample !8 ? !27 5 !8 ? 27 5 !216 5 6
Solve.
3 3
3 3
1. !16 ? !4 5 !16 ? 4 5 !64 5 4
2. Which of the following products can be simplified? Circle the correct answer.
3 4 4 4 3
! 12 ? !6 ! 16 ? ! 24 ! 35 ? ! 10
3 2x !4x
3
3. Write the radical expression !32x 4 in simplest form.
4. Which of the following products cannot be simplified? Circle the correct answer.
4 4 4 3
! 15 ? ! 4 !4 ? !12 ! 10 ? ! 5
Solve.
6. Which of the following quotients can be simplified? Circle the correct answer.
3 3 4
!12 !6 !20
3
!4 "3
3
!15
"64x4 l4xl
7. Write the radical expression in simplest form.
"4x2
8. Rewriting an expression so that there are no radicals in any denominator and no
denominators in any radical is called rationalizing the denominator .
11
Name Class Date
Satellites The circular velocity v, in miles per hour of a satellite orbiting Earth is
12
given by the formula v 5 Å1.24 3r 10 , where r is the distance in miles from
the satellite to the center of the Earth. How much greater is the velocity of a
satellite orbiting at an altitude of 100 mi than the velocity of a satellite orbiting at
an altitude of 200 mi? (The radius of the Earth is 3950 mi.)
Know
1. The first satellite orbits at an altitude of 100 z
mi .
z
3. The distance from the surface of the Earth to its center is 3950 mi .
z z
Need
4. To solve the problem I need to find:
the difference in the velocities of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of 100 mi
Plan
5. Rewrite the formula for the circular velocity of a satellite using a for the
altitude of the satellite. v 5 1.24 3 1012
Å a 1 3950
6. Use your formula to find the velocity of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of 100 mi.
about 17,498 mi/h
7. Use your formula to find the velocity of a satellite orbiting at an altitude of 200 mi.
about 17,286 mi/h
12
Name Class Date
Practice
6-2
Form G
3 3 3 3
4. " 45 ? " 75 15 5. !18 ? !50 30 6. !216 ? !4 24
7. "36x3 6x !x
3 3
8. " 125y2z4 5z"y2z 9. "18k6 3k3"2
3 3 4 4
10. " 216a12 22a4 !2 11. "x2y10z xy5"z 12. " 256s7t12 4st3 "s3
3 3 4 4
13. " 216x4y3 6xy "x 14. "75r3 5r"3r 15. " 625u5v8 5uv2 !u
19. 4 !2x ? 3 !8x 48x 20. !xy ? !4xy 2xy 21. 9 !2 ? 3 !y 27 !2y
3 3
22. "12x2y ? " 3xy4 23. "29x2y4 ? " 12xy 24. 7"3y2 ? 2"6x3y
3
6xy2"xy 23xy "4y2 42xy"2xy
3
"(2x)2 "18y2 "
3
162a
31. 2x 32. 3 12y
33. Ä 3 3"3
"(5y)4 25y2 "12y 2 6a a
13
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-2
Form G
Rationalize the denominator of each expression. Assume that all variables are positive.
3
!y "18x2y "7xy2 3
34. "5y 35. 3x 36. 3 "14x2y2
!5 "2y3 y "4x2 2x
5
4
!2x 4 x "2xy 3 3a 3
"6abc2
40. 4 "54x3 41. 42. Ä
Å8y 2
"3x2 3x 4y 4b c 2bc
43. What is the area of a rectangle with length !175 in. and width !63 in.? 105 in.2
44. The area of a rectangle is 30 m2. If the length is !75 m, what is the width? 2"3 m
1
45. The volume of a right circular cone is V 5 3pr2h, where r is the radius of the base and h
is the height of the cone. Solve the formula for r. Rationalize the denominator. r 5 "3πhV
πh
4
46. The volume of a sphere of radius r isV 5 3pr3 . 3
3 "6π2V
a. Use the formula to find r in terms of V. Rationalize the denominator. r 5 "3V; r 5 2π
4π
b. Use your answer to part (a) to find the radius of a sphere with volume
100 cubic inches. Round to the nearest hundredth. 2.88 in.
3
6 !2x 2"6x 8 3 5 !xy4 3 2
50. 51. 3 4 "4x 52. 3 "5y
5 !3 5 "2x2 x "25xy2
14
Name Class Date
Practice
6-2
Form K
Multiply, if possible. Then simplify. To start, identify the index of each radical.
3 3 3 4
1. !4 ? !6 2. !5 ? !8 3. !6 ? !9
index of both radicals is 3 2 !10 The indexes are different,
3 3 so you cannot multiply.
!4 ? 6 2 !3
Simplify. Assume all variables are positive. To start, change the radicand to
factors with the necessary exponent.
3 5
4. " 27x6 5. "48x3y4 6. " 128x2y25
4xy 2 !3x 5
3 3
5" 3 ? (x2)3 3x 2 2y 5 "4x 2
3
13. Error Analysis Your classmate simplified "5x3 ? " 5xy2 to 5x2y. What mistake
did she make? What is the correct answer? She thought the indexes were the same.
They are different, so you cannot multiply the radicands.
3 3
14. A square rug has sides measuring ! 16 ft by ! 16 ft. What is the area of the rug?
3 2
4 !4 ft
15
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-2
Form K
Divide and simplify. Assume all variables are positive. To start, write the
quotient of roots as a root of a quotient.
4 3
"36x6 "405x8y2 "75x7y2
15. 16. 4 17. 3
"9x4 "5x3y2 "25x4
6 4 3
5 Å36x4 2x 3x !x x "3y 2
9x
Rationalize the denominator of each quotient. Assume all variables are positive.
To start, multiply the numerator and denominator by the appropriate radical
expression to eliminate the radical.
!26 !3
x "7x4y
18. 19. 3 20.
!3 !2 !5xy
!26 !3 !78 3
!4x x !35x
5 ? 5
!3 !3 3 2
21. Einstein’s famous formula E 5 mc2 relates energy E, mass m, and the speed of
light c. Solve the formula for c. Rationalize the denominator.
E !Em
c 5 Åm ;c5 m
22. The formula h 5 16t2 is used to measure the time t it takes for an object to free fall from
height h. If an object falls from a height of h 5 18a5 ft, how long did it take for the object
2
to fall in terms of a? 3a !2a seconds
4
16
Name Class Date
Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1−5, choose the correct letter. Assume that all variables are
positive.
3 3
1. What is the simplest form of ! 249x ? " 7x2 ? B
3 2
7x !7x 27x 7x 27" x
3 3
3. What is the simplest form of " 25xy2 ? " 15x2 ? A
3 3 3
5x" 3y2 5x ! 3y 15xy! y 5xy !15x
"75x5
4. What is the simplest form of ? G
"12xy2
5"3x4 5x2 5x !x 5x2y
2"3y2 2y 2y 2
3
2"x2y
5. What is the simplest form of 3 ? C
"4xy2
3 3 3 3
"x2y x !2y "2xy2 !2y
2y y y xy
Short Response
6. The volume V of a wooden beam is V 5 ls2, where l is the length of the beam
and s is the length of one side of its square cross section. If the volume of the
beam is 1200 in.3 and its length is 96 in., what is the side length? Show your
work.
[2] V 5 ls2; s 5 ÅVl 5 Å1200
96 5 !12.5 N 3.5 in.
[1] appropriate methods but with computational errors OR correct answer without
work shown
[0] incorrect answer and no work shown OR no answer given
17
Name Class Date
Enrichment
6-2 Multiplying and Dividing Radical Expressions
n
To simplify the radical !a, you look for a perfect nth power among the factors of
the radicand a. When this factor is not obvious, it is helpful to factor the number
into primes. Prime numbers are important in many aspects of mathematics.
Several mathematicians throughout history have unsuccessfully tried to find a
pattern that would generate the nth prime number. Other mathematicians have
offered conjectures about primes that remain unresolved.
18
Name Class Date
Reteaching
6-2 Multiplying and Dividing Radical Expressions
You can simplify a radical if the radicand has a factor that is a perfect nth power
and n is the index of the radical. For example:
n n
!xynz 5 y !xz
Problem
b. "7xy3 ? "21xy2
n n n
"7xy3 ? "21xy2 5 "7xy3 ? 21xy2 Use !a ? !b 5 !ab.
Exercises
Simplify each product.
3 3 3 3 3
1. !15x ? !35x 5x"21 2. " 50y2 ? " 20y 10y 3. " 36x2y5 ? " 26x2y 26xy2 !x
3 3
4. 5"7x3y ? "28y2 5. 2" 9x5y2 ? " 2x2y5 6. !3 Q !12 2 !21 R
3
70xy"xy 2x2y2 !18xy 6 2 3"7
19
Name Class Date
Reteaching (continued)
6-2 Multiplying and Dividing Radical Expressions
Rationalizing the denominator means that you are rewriting the expression so
that no radicals appear in the denominator and there are no fractions inside the
radical.
Problem
!9y
What is the simplest form of ?
!2x
Rationalize the denominator and simplify. Assume that all variables are positive.
!9y 9y
5 Rewrite as a square root of a fraction.
!2x Å 2x
9y ? 2x
5 Make the denominator a perfect square.
Å 2x ? 2x
18xy
5 Simplify.
Å 4x2
!18xy
5 Write the denominator as a product of perfect squares.
"22 ? x2
"18xy
5 Simplify the denominator.
2x
"32 ? 2 ? x ? y
5 Simplify the numerator.
2x
3"2xy n
5 Use !an 5 a to simplify.
2x
Exercises
Rationalize the denominator of each expression. Assume that all variables
are positive.
4
!5 "5x
3
"6ab2 3
"3b "9y "
4
9x3y "10xy3 "30xy
7. 8. 3 9. 4 10.
!x x
"2a4b a "x x
"12y2 6
3 4
4"k9 3
k "k 3x5 x2"15xy "10 4
"10z2
3
19a2b " 19ac2
11. 12. 13. 4 14. 3
3
16"k5 4 Ä 5y 5y "z2
z Ä abc 4 c2
20
Name Class Date
The column on the left shows the steps used to rationalize a denominator. Use
the column on the left to answer each question in the column on the right.
Multiply the numerator and the denominator by the 2. What are conjugates?
conjugate of the denominator.
Conjugates are expressions that differ
4 !3 !7 2 !3
?
!7 1 !3 !7 2 !3 only in the signs of the first or second
terms.
The radicals in the denominator cancel out. 3. Write and solve an equation to show
4 !3A !7 2 !3B why the radicals in the denominator
723 cancel out.
(!7 1 !3)(!7 2 !3) 5
4 equals 1.
21
Name Class Date
Geometry Show that the right triangle with legs of length !2 2 1 and !2 1 1 is
similar to the right triangle with legs of length 6 2 !32 and 2.
2. What is the length of the shortest leg of the second triangle? Explain.
6 2 !32; because !32 is between 5 and 6, 6 2 !32 must be between 0 and 1,
triangle. The larger leg in the first triangle corresponds to the larger leg in the
second triangle.
Getting an Answer
5. Simplify your proportion to show that the two triangles are similar.
!2 2 1
0 6 2 2!32
!2 1 1
2 !2 2 2 0 6 !2 2 !64 1 6 2 !32
2 !2 2 2 0 6 !2 2 8 1 6 2 4 !2
2 !2 2 2 5 2 !2 2 2
22
Name Class Date
Practice
6-3
Form G
3 3 3 3 3 3
4. 14 !xy 2 3 !xy 5. 8 !x 1 2 !y 6. 5 !xy 1 !xy
3 3 3 3
11 !xy 8 !x 1 2 !y 6 !xy
3
7. !3x 2 2 !3x 8. 6 !2 2 5 !2 9. 7 !x 1 x !7
3
2!3x 6 !2 2 5 !2 7 !x 1 x !7
Simplify.
3 3
10. 3 !32 1 2 !50 11. !200 2 !72 12. !81 2 3 !3
22 !2 4 !2 0
4 4 3 3
13. 2 !48 1 3 !243 14. 3 !75 1 2 !12 15. !250 2 !54
4 3
13 !3 19 !3 2 !2
4 4
16. !28 2 !63 17. 3 !32 2 2 !162 18. !125 2 2 !20
2!7 0 !5
Multiply.
23
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-3
Form G
3 3 3 33
39. 3 !12 1 7 !75 2 !54 41 !3 2 3 !6 40. 4 !81 1 2 !72 2 3 !24 6 !3 1 4 !9
600 ft 300 V6 ft
300 V3 ft
sidewalk
300 ft 300 V3 ft
a. If a man walks around the perimeter of the park, how far will he walk?
b. What is the area of the park? (900 1 300 !3 1 300 !6) ft or about 2154 ft
270,000 1 90,000 !3
2 ft2 or about 212,942 ft2
46. The area of a rectangle is 10 in.2. The length is A2 1 !2B in. What is the width?
5(2 2 !2) in.
47. One solution to the equation x2 1 2x 2 2 5 0 is 21 1 !3. To show this,
let x 5 21 1 !3 and answer each of the following questions.
a. What is x2? 4 2 2 !3
b. What is 2x? 22 1 2 !3
c. Using your answers to parts (a) and (b), what is the sum x2 1 2x 2 2? 0
24
Name Class Date
Practice
6-3
Form K
Multiply.
8. A3 2 !6B A2 2 !6B 9. A5 1 !5B A1 2 !5B 10. A4 1 !7B 2
12 2 5 !6 24 !5 23 1 8"7
25
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-3
Form K
17. A section of mosaic tile wall has the design shown at the
right. The design is made up of equilateral triangles. Each side of
the large triangle is 4 in. and each side of a small triangle is 2 in.
Find the total area of the design to the nearest tenth of an inch.
A N 17.3 in.2
22. Writing Explain the first step in simplifying !405 1 !80 2 !5.
First, factor each radicand so you can combine like radicals.
26
Name Class Date
Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1−5, choose the correct letter.
1. What is the simplest form of 2!72 2 3 !32? D
2 !72 2 3 !32 24 !2 22 !2 0
212 2 3 !7 3 1 !7
14 1 7 !5 14 2 7 !5
3 3 3
5. What is the simplest form of 8!5 2 !40 2 2 !135? D
3 3 3
16 ! 5 12 ! 5 4! 5 0
Short Response
6. A hiker drops a rock from the rim of the Grand Canyon. The distance it falls d
in feet after t seconds is given by the function d 5 16t2 . How far has the rock
fallen after (3 1 !2) seconds? Show your work.
[2] d 5 16t2 5 16(3 1 !2)2 5 16(11 1 6 !2) 5 176 1 96 !2 ft
[1] appropriate method but with computational errors
[0] incorrect answer and no work shown OR no answer given
27
Name Class Date
Enrichment
6-3 Binomial Radical Expressions
Consider how you might use a calculator to find the square of negative three.
If you enter the expression 232, your calculator produces an answer of 29.
However, the square of negative three is (23)2 5 (23)(23) 5 9. Calculators
follow the order of operations. Therefore, a calculator will compute 232 as the
opposite of 32. The correct input is (23)2 , which is correctly evaluated as 9. Be sure
to follow the order of operations when expanding binomial radical expressions.
1. Consider the algebraic expression (a 1 b)2 . Is (a 1 b)2 equivalent to a2 1 b2 ?
If yes, explain. If not, explain why it is not mathematically logical and give a
counterexample.
Answer may vary. Sample: (a 1 b)2 means (a 1 b)(a 1 b) which, when expanded,
is a2 1 2ab 1 b2 , which is not equivalent to a2 1 b2 .
Consider each pair of expressions below for nonnegative values of the variables.
State whether they are equivalent expressions. If yes, explain. If not, give a
counterexample.
"a a
4. b , Åb
Answers may vary. Sample: These expressions are not equivalent. Let a = 6 and
!6
b 5 2 then 2 N 1.22 and Å62 5 !3 N 1.73
5. Q !a R 2, a
Answers may vary. Sample: These expressions are equivalent.
A !aB 2 5 A !aB A !aB 5 "a2 5 a for all a L 0.
2
6. Q "x2 1 y2 R , x 1 y
Answers may vary. Sample: These expressions are not equivalent.
Q "x2 1 y2 R Q "x2 1 y2 R 5 "(x2 1 y2)2 5 x2 1 y2
28
Name Class Date
Reteaching
6-3 Binomial Radical Expressions
Two radical expressions are like radicals if they have the same index and the same
radicand.
Compare radical expressions to the terms in a polynomial expression.
Like terms: 4x3 11x3 The power and the variable are the same
Unlike terms: 4y3 11x3 4y2 Either the power or the variable are not the same.
3 3
Like radicals: 4!6 11 ! 6 The index and the radicand are the same
3 3 2
Unlike radicals: 4!5 11 ! 6 4 "6 Either the index or the radicand are not the same.
When adding or subtracting radical expressions, simplify each radical so that you
can find like radicals.
Problem
Exercises
Simplify.
3 3 3
1. !150 2 !24 3 !6 2. !135 1 !40 5 !5 3. 6 !3 2 !75 !3
3 3 3 3 3 3
4. 5 !2 2 !54 2 !2 5. 2!48 1 !147 2 !27 0 6. 8 !3x 2 !24x 1 !192x
3
10 !3x
29
Name Class Date
Reteaching (continued)
6-3 Binomial Radical Expressions
Problem
Problem
4 !2
How can you write the expression with a rationalized denominator?
1 1 !3
4 !2
1 1 !3
4 !2 1 2 !3
5 ? Use the conjugate of 1 1 !3 to rationalize the denominator.
1 1 !3 1 2 !3
4 !2 2 4 !6
5 123 Multiply.
4 !2 2 4 !6 A4 !2 2 4 !6B
5 22 5 2 2 Simplify.
24 !2 1 4 !6
5 2 5 22 !2 1 2 !6
Exercises
Simplify. Rationalize all denominators.
2 !3 1 1 "3 1 1
7. A3 1 !6B A3 2 !6B 3 8. 9. Q 4 !6 2 1 R Q !6 1 4 R
5 2 !3 2
2 2 !7 !5 20 1 15 !6
10. 11. A2 !8 2 6B A !8 2 4B 12.
2 1 !7 2 1 !3
211 1 4"7 40 2 28 !2 2 !5 2 !15
3
30
Name Class Date
Choose the word or phrase from the list that best matches each sentence.
4
1. The expression " y3 is written in radical form .
5
9. b2 5 "b5
1
10. h2 5 "h
3 7 3
11. g 7 5 "g
Multiple Choice
6 4
" y
12. What is 3 in simplest terms? B
!y
1 3 3 4 2
y2 ! y " y y3
31
Name Class Date
Science A desktop world globe has a volume of about 1386 cubic inches. The
radius of the Earth is approximately equal to the radius of the globe raised to the
10th power. Find the radius of the Earth. (Hint: Use the formula V 5 43pr3 for the
volume of a sphere.)
Know
1386
1. The volume of the globe is z
in.3 . z
2. The radius of the Earth is equal to the radius of the globe raised to the 10th power .
Need
3. To solve the problem I need to find the radius of the Earth .
Plan
4. Write an equation relating the radius of the globe rG to the radius of the
Earth rE.
rE 5 rG 10
5. How can you represent the radius of the globe in terms of the radius of the
Earth?
1
rG 5 rE 10
7. Use your previous equation and your equation from Exercise 5 to write an
equation to find the radius of the Earth.
1 3
1386 5 43 π ¢ rE10 ≤
32
Name Class Date
Practice
6-4
Form G
Rational Exponents
31. The rate of inflation i that raises the cost of an item from the present value P to
F 1t
the future value F over t years is found using the formula i 5 Q P R 2 1. Round
your answers to the nearest tenth of a percent.
a. What is the rate of inflation for which a television set costing $1000 today
will become one costing $1500 in 3 years? 14.5%
b. What is the rate of inflation that will result in the price P doubling
(that is, F 5 2P) in 10 years? 7.2%
33
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-4
Form G
Rational Exponents
Write each expression in simplest form. Assume that all variables are positive.
1 1 1
32. Q 814 R 4 81 33. Q 325 R 5 32 34. A2564 B 4 256
2 2
35. 70 1 36. 83 4 37. (227)3 9
1 1 5 1 3 1
38. x2 ? x3 x 6 39. 2y2 ? y 2 y 2 40. A82 B 3 4
1 1 27 2
41. 3.60 1 42. Q 16 R 4 1 43. Q 8 R 3 9
2 4
1
8 1 2 7 12y3 3
44. " 0 0 45. Q 3x2 R Q 4x3 R 12x 6 46. 1 1
4y2 y6
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 b3
47. Q 3a2 b3 R 2 9ab3 48. Q y3 R 29 y6 49. Q a3b22 R 26 a4
4
2 3 31 x7 1 1 3
50. y5 ? y8 y 40 51. a 2b 2 52. Q 2a4 R 3 8a4
x3 x 21
1 1 2 1 13 1 2
53. 8122 9 54. Q 2x5 R Q 6x4 R 12x 20 55. Q 9x4y22 R 2 3x
y
1 1 2
2 x 2 y3
27x6 3 3x 1 1 5 1
56. a b 1
4 4 57. 1 1 x6 y6 58. y8 4 y2 y8
64y 4y 3 x 3 y2
1
1 1 1 3 x23 y 2 y3 12x8 2 2x4
1
59. x4 ? x6 ? x3 x4 60. a 2 1 b 61. a b 5y5
x2 75y10
x3 y22
62. In a test kitchen, researchers have measured the radius of a ball of dough
made with a new quick-acting yeast. Based on their data, the radius r of the
t
dough ball, in centimeters, is given by r 5 5(1.05)3 after t minutes. Round the
answers to the following questions to the nearest tenth of a cm.
a. What is the radius after 5 minutes? 5.4 cm
b. What is the radius after 20 minutes? 6.9 cm
c. What is the radius after 43 minutes? 10.1 cm
34
Name Class Date
Practice
6-4
Form K
Rational Exponents
10. Bone loss for astronauts may be prevented with an apparatus that rotates
a0.5
to simulate gravity. In the formula N 5 , N is the rate of rotation in
2pr 0.5
revolutions per second, a is the simulated acceleration in m/s2, and r is the
radius of the apparatus in meters. How fast would an apparatus with the
following radii have to rotate to simulate the acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 that is
due to Earth’s gravity?
a. r 5 1.7 m 0.382 rev/s
b. r 5 3.6 m 0.263 rev/s
c. r 5 5.2 m 0.218 rev/s
d. Reasoning Would an apparatus with radius 0.8 m need to spin faster or
slower than the one in part (a)? faster
35
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-4
Form K
Rational Exponents
Find each product or quotient. To start, rewrite the expression using exponents.
5
4 3 "x2 3
14. A !6B A !6B 15. 16. !20 ? !135
10
% x2 6
1 1 12 6 "5 5
5 Q 6 4 R Q 6 3 R "6
7
5
!x
Write each expression in simplest form. Assume that all variables are positive.
1
3 1 x2 3
20. Q 16x28 R 24 21. Q 8x15 R 2 3 22. a 210 b
x
x6 1 x4
8 2x 5
36
Name Class Date
Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1−5, choose the correct letter.
1 1 1
1. What is 123 ? 453 ? 503 in simplest form? B
1
!27,000 30 1073 27,000
1 2
2. What is x3 ? y3 in simplest form? I
3 3 2
x3"y3 "xy3 " (xy)2 " xy
1 1 1
3. What is x3 ? x2 ? x4 in simplest form? A
13 1 1 5
x 12 x 24 x9 x 24
2 1 6
x3y3
4. What is £ 1 3≥ in simplest form? I
x2y4
5 5 1 x
xy 2 x 7y 2 5 5
xy 2 y2
1
5. What is (232x10 y35)25 in simplest form? C
2 1 2
2x2y7 2 2 7 2
x y 2x2 y7 x2 y7
Short Response
6. The surface area S, in square units, of a sphere with volume V, in cubic units,
1 2
is given by the formula S 5 p 3(6V )3 . What is the surface area of a sphere with
volume 43 mi3? Show your work.
2
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2
[2] S 5 π 3 (6V) 3 5 π 3 c 6 Q 43 R d 5 π 3 (8) 3 5 4π 3 mi
[1] appropriate method but some computational errors
[0] incorrect answer and no work shown OR no answer given
37
Name Class Date
Enrichment
6-4 Rational Exponents
Power Games
Each problem below involves rational exponents. Some of the problems are tricky.
Good luck!
1. Begin with any positive number. Call it x. Divide x by 2. Call the result r. Now
follow these directions carefully. You may use a calculator. final r 5 !x
a. Divide x by r. Call the result q.
b. Add q and r. Call the result s.
c. Divide s by 2. Call the result r.
d. Go back to step a.
Repeat steps a–d until r no longer changes. What is the relationship between
the original x and the final result?
2. If we take the square root of a number 6 times, it would look like this:
'& $#" !x
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 2 2 2 2
Rewrite the expression above using rational exponents. a a a a ax2 b b b b b
Simplify the expression above. Express the denominator of the exponent as a
1
power of 2. x64 ; 26
If you were to take the square root of a number 10 times, what would the
10 12
denominator of the exponent be equal to if you use rational exponents? 12 times? 2 ; 2
Choose any number and repeatedly take the square root. What number is the
answer approaching? 1
Does the answer appear to approach the same number if you change the
number you choose? yes
In Exercises 3–6, assume that the square roots and the operations inside them
repeat forever.
38
Name Class Date
Reteaching
6-4 Rational Exponents
You can simplify a number with a rational exponent by converting the expression
to a radical expression:
1 n 1 2 1 3
xn 5 !x, for n . 0 92 5 !9 53 83 5 ! 852
You can simplify the product of numbers with rational exponents m and n by
raising the number to the sum of the exponents using the rule
am ? an 5 am1n
Problem
56 Simplify.
2 3
b. Write Q 6x3 R Q 2x4 R in simplified form.
2 3 2 3
Q 6x3 R Q 2x4 R 5 6 ? 2 ? x3 ? x4 Commutative and Associative
Properties of Multiplication
2 3
5 6 ? 2 ? x3 1 4 Use xm ? xn 5 xm1n.
17
5 12x12 Simplify.
Exercises
Simplify each expression. Assume that all variables are positive.
1 2 1 1 7 1 1 1
1. 53 ? 53 5 2. Q 2y4 R Q 3y3 R 6y 12 3. (211)3 ? (211)3 ? (211)3 211
2 1 13 1 1 1 2
4. 2y3 y5 2y 15 5. 54 ? 54 !5 6. Q 23x 6 R Q 7x 6 R 221 !x
39
Name Class Date
Reteaching (continued)
6-4 Rational Exponents
Problem
2
What is A8x9y23 B 23 in simplest form?
2 2
(8x9y23)23 5 A23 x9 y23 B 23 Factor any numerical coefficients.
2 2 2
5 A23 B 23 Ax9 B 23 Ay23 B 23 Use the property (ab)m 5 ambm.
y2
5 2 6 Write every exponent as a positive number.
2 x
y2
5 6 Simplify.
4x
Exercises
Write each expression in simplest form. Assume that all variables
are positive.
1 1
1 1 1 4
7. A16x2 y8 B 22 4xy4 8. Az23 B 9 1 9. Q 2x4 R 16x
z3
1
22
1 2 16z4 5x4
10. A25x26 y2 B 2 5y 11. A8a23 b9 B 3 4b6 12. a b
x3 a2 25x8 4z2
1 1
1
x2 5 2 1 2 32r2 4
13. a 21 b x 5y 5 14. A27m9 n23 B 23 n2 15. a 4 b 2r 2
y 9m6 2s s
2
3 1 x5 10 x4
16. A9z10 B 2 27z15 17. (2243)25 21 18. a 1 b y5
3
y2
40
Name Class Date
Problem
3
Solve the equation 4" (y 1 2)2 1 3 5 19. Justify your steps. Then check your
solution.
2
4(y 1 2)3 1 3 5 19 Rewrite the radical using a rational exponent.
2
4(y 1 2)3 5 16 Subtract 3 from each side.
2
(y 1 2)3 5 4 Divide each side by 4.
3
2 3
2 3
c(y 1 2) d 5 42
3 Raise each side to the 2 power.
(y 1 2) 5 8 Simplify.
y56 Solve for y.
3
Check 4" (6 1 2)2 1 3 0 19 Substitute 6 for y.
3 2
4" 8 1 3 0 19 Add.
4 ? 4 1 3 0 19 Simplify the radical.
19 5 19 Simplify.
Exercise
Solve the equation 9"(2x 2 4)4 1 2 5 38. Justify your steps. Then check your
solution.
4
9(2x 2 4)2 1 2 5 38 Rewrite the radical using a rational exponent.
9(2x 2 4)2 5 36 Subtract 2 from each side and simplify the exponent.
(2x 2 4) 5 2 Simplify.
38 5 38 Simplify.
41
Name Class Date
Traffic Signs A stop sign is a regular octagon, formed by cutting triangles off the
corners of a square. If a stop sign measures 36 in. from top to bottom, what is the
length of each side?
2. How can you use the diagram at the right to find another x
relationship between s and x?
The length of a side of the square, which is s 1 2x, is the same as the height of the
Getting an Answer
6. Solve your equations for s.
about 14.9 in.
42
Name Class Date
Practice
6-5
Form G
Solve.
1. 5 !x 1 2 5 12 4 2. 3 !x 2 8 5 7 25 3. !4x 1 2 5 8 9
3 3 3
10. !2x 1 1 5 3 13 11. !13x 2 1 2 4 5 0 5 12. !2x 2 4 5 22 22
Solve.
1 1 3
13. (x 2 2) 3 5 5 127 14. (2x 1 1)3 5 23 214 15. 2x 4 5 16 16
1 1 3
16. 2x 3 2 2 5 0 1 17. x 2 2 5 5 0 25 18. 4x 2 2 5 5 103 9
1 1 1
19. (7x 2 3)2 5 5 4 20. 4x 2 2 5 5 27 64 21. x 6 2 2 5 0 64
1 2 4
22. (2x 1 1)3 5 1 0 23. (x 2 2)3 2 4 5 5 29, 225 24. 3x 3 1 5 5 53 8, 28
25. The formula P 5 4"A relates the perimeter P, in units, of a square to its area A,
in square units. What is the area of the square window shown below? 36 ft2
Perimeter: 24 ft
2
26. The formula A 5 6V 3 relates the surface area A, in square units, of a cube to
the volume V, in cubic units. What is the volume of a cube with surface area
486 in.2? 729 in.3
27. A mound of sand at a rock-crushing plant is growing over time. The equation
3
t5 ! 5V 2 1 gives the time t, in hours, at which the mound has volume V, in
cubic meters. When is the volume equal to 549 m3? 14 h
43
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-5
Form G
28. City officials conclude they should budget s million dollars for a new library
building if the population increases by p thousand people in a ten-year census. The
2
formula s 5 2 1 13(p 1 1)5 expresses the relationship between population and
library budget for the city. How much can the population increase without the city
going over budget if they have $5 million for a new library building? 242,000
1 1
31. (x 1 7)2 5 x 2 5 9 32. (2x 2 4)2 5 x 2 2 2, 4
33. !x 1 2 5 x 2 18 23 34. !x 1 6 5 x 9
1 1
35. (2x 1 1)2 5 25 no solution 36. (x 1 2)2 5 10 2 x 7
3 5
39. !2x 2 4 5 22 22 40. 2 !5x 1 2 2 1 5 3 6
1 1 1 1
43. 2(x 2 1)2 5 (26 1 x)2 10 44. (x 2 1)2 2 (2x 1 1)4 5 0 4
1 1 1 1
47. (7 2 x)2 5 (2x 1 13)2 22 48. (x 2 7)2 5 (x 1 5)4 11
3 3
49. !x 1 9 2 !x 5 1 16 50. !8x 2 !6x 2 2 5 0 21
52. What are the lengths of the sides of the trapezoid shown at the right if the
perimeter of the trapezoid is 17 cm? x
x 5 4 cm, 2 !x 5 4 cm, x 1 1 5 5 cm
2 Vx 2 Vx
x⫹1
44
Name Class Date
Practice
6-5
Form K
Solve.
2 3 1
4. 2(x 2 2) 3 5 50 5. 2(x 1 3) 2 5 54 6. (6x 2 5) 3 1 3 5 22
127 and 2123 6 220
V
7. The formula d 5 2#ph relates the diameter d, in units, of a cylinder to its
volume V, in cubic units, and its height h, in units. A cylindrical can has a
diameter of 3 in. and a height of 4 in. What is the volume of the can to the
nearest cubic inch? 28 in.3
3
9. Reasoning If you are solving 4(x 1 3) 4 5 7, do you need to use the absolute
value to solve for x? Why or why not? No; the numerator of the exponent 34 is not even.
45
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-5
Form K
Solve. Check for extraneous solutions. First, isolate a radical, then square each
side of the equation.
10. !4x 1 5 5 x 1 2 11. !23x 2 5 2 3 5 x 12. !x 1 7 1 5 5 x
22 9
A !4x 1 5B 2 5 (x 1 2)2
1 and 21
s!3
2
46
Name Class Date
Gridded Response
Solve each exercise and enter your answer in the grid provided.
1. What is the solution? !2x 2 4 2 3 5 1
1
2. What is the solution? 5x 2 2 8 5 7
5. Kepler’s Third Law of Orbital Motion states that the period P (in Earth years)
it takes a planet to complete one orbit of the sun is a function of the distance
d (in astronomical units, AU) from the planet to the sun. This relationship is
3
P 5 d 2 . If it takes Neptune 165 years to orbit the sun, what is the distance
(in AU) of Neptune from the sun? Round your answer to two decimal places.
Answers
1. 10 2. 9 3. 3 4. 2 5. 30 . 08
– – – – –
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
47
Name Class Date
Enrichment
6-5 Solving Square Root and Other Radical Equations
When solving radical equations you will often get an extraneous solution. You can
use a graph to explain why an algebraic answer is not a solution.
2. To analyze this equation with a graph, rewrite the equation as a system of two
equations. What two equations can you write?
y 5 !x 1 2 and y 5 x 2 4 8 y
4
x
3. Graph the two equations. ᎐8 ᎐4 O 4 8
᎐4
᎐8
4. Explain how you find the solution to this system of equations on your graph.
What is the solution?
Answers may vary. Sample: On a graph the solution to a system of equations is
the point of intersection; the solution for this system is (7, 3).
5. How can you use the solution from the graph of the system of equations to
help you solve the original equation !x 1 2 5 x 2 4?
Answers may vary. Sample: The x-coordinate of the solution to the system is
the solution to the original equation.
6. How can you tell from your graph that one of your algebraic answers is an
extraneous solution?
Answers may vary. Sample: Because there is only one point of intersection,
there can only be one solution to the equation.
Solve each equation. Graph each equation as a system to determine if there are
any extraneous solutions.
7. !4x 1 1 5 3 8. x 5 !6 2 x 9. !x 1 1 5 x 2 1
8 y 8 y 8 y
4 4 4
x x x
᎐8 ᎐4 O 4 8 ⫺4 4 8 ⫺4 4 8
᎐4 ⫺4 ⫺4
᎐8 ⫺8 ⫺8
2; no extraneous 2; 23 is an 3; 0 is an extraneous
solutions extraneous solution. solution.
48
Name Class Date
Reteaching
6-5 Solving Square Root and Other Radical Equations
Equations containing radicals can be solved by isolating the radical on one side of
the equation, and then raising both sides to the same power that would undo the
radical.
Problem
What is the solution of the radical equation? 2!2x 1 2 2 2 5 10
2 !2x 1 2 2 2 5 10
2 !2x 1 2 5 12 Add 2 to each side.
!2x 1 2 5 6 Divide each side by 2.
(!2x 1 2)2 5 62 Square each side to undo the radical.
2x 1 2 5 36 Simplify.
2x 5 34 Subtract 2 from each side.
x 5 17 Divide each side by 2.
Check
2 !2x 1 2 2 2 5 10 Write the original equation.
2 !36 2 2 0 10 Simplify.
12 2 2 0 10
10 5 10
Exercises
Solve. Check your solutions.
1
1. x 2 5 13 169 2. 3 !2x 5 12 8 3. !3x 1 5 5 11 12
1 1
4. (3x 1 4)2 2 1 5 4 7 5. (6 2 x) 2 1 2 5 5 23 6. !3x 1 13 5 4 1
1 3
7. (x 1 2) 2 2 5 5 0 23 8. !3 2 2x 2 2 5 3 211 9. !5x 1 2 2 3 5 0 5
49
Name Class Date
Reteaching (continued)
6-5 Solving Square Root and Other Radical Equations
An extraneous solution may satisfy equations in your work, but it does not
make the original equation true. Always check possible solutions in the original
equation.
Problem
What is the solution? Check your results. !17 2 x 2 3 5 x
!17 2 x 2 3 5 x
!17 2 x 5 x 1 3 Add 3 to each side to get the radical alone on one side
of the equal sign.
17 2 x 5 x2 1 6x 1 9
0 5 x2 1 7x 2 8 Rewrite in standard form.
0 5 (x 2 1)(x 1 8) Factor.
x 2 1 5 0 or x 1 8 5 0 Set each factor equal to 0 using the Zero Product Property.
x 5 1 or x 5 28
Check
!17 2 x 2 3 5 x !17 2 x 2 3 5 x
!17 2 1 2 3 0 1 !17 2 (28) 2 3 0 28
!16 2 3 0 1 !25 2 3 0 28
151 2 2 28
The only solution is 1.
Exercises
Solve. Check for extraneous solutions.
10. !5x 1 1 5 !4x 1 3 2 11. !x2 1 3 5 x 1 1 no 12. !3x 5 !x 1 6 3
solution
13. x 5 !x 1 7 1 5 9 14. x 2 3 !x 2 4 5 0 16 15. !x 1 2 5 x 2 4 7
50
Name Class Date
Darnell wrote the steps to compose the following functions on index cards, but the
cards got mixed up.
Let f (x) 5 x 1 7 and g(x) 5 x3. What is (g + f )(24)?
51
Name Class Date
Sales A salesperson earns a 3% bonus on weekly sales over $5000. Consider the
following functions.
over 5000 by subtracting 5000 from the weekly sales, and then you multiply the result
52
Name Class Date
Practice
6-6
Form G
Function Operations
Let f (x) 5 4x 21 and g(x) 5 2x2 1 3. Perform each function operation and then
find the domain.
1. ( f 1 g)(x) 2. ( f 2 g)(x) 3. (g 2 f )(x)
2x2 1 4x 1 2; all real numbers 22x2 + 4x 24; all real 2x2 2 4x 1 4;
numbers all real numbers
f g
4. ( f ? g) (x) 5. g (x) 6. (x)
f
8x3 2 2x2 1 12x 23; 4x 2 1 2x2 1 3
all real numbers 2x2 1 3
; all real numbers 4x 2 1 ; all real numbers except 14
Let f (x) 5 2x and g(x) 5 !x 21. Perform each function operation and then find
the domain of the result.
7. ( f 1 g)(x) 8. ( f 2 g)(x) 9. (g 2 f )(x)
2x 1 "x 2 1; x L 0 2x 2 "x 1 1; x L 0 22x 1 "x 2 1; x L 0
f g
10. ( f ? g)(x) 11. g (x) 12. (x)
f
2x
2x"x 2 2x; x L 0 ; x L 0 and x u 1 "x 2 1
!x 2 1 2x ; x S 0
x
Let ƒ(x) 5 23x 1 2, g(x) 5 5 , h(x) 5 22x2 1 9, and j(x) 5 5 2 x. Find each value or expression.
13. ( f + j)(3) 24 14. ( j + h)(21) 22 15. (h + g)(25) 7
16. (g + f )(a) 23a 1 2 17. ƒ(x) 1 j(x) 24x 1 7 18. ƒ(x) 2 h(x) 2x2 2 3x 2 7
5
17
19. (g + f )(25) 5 20. ( f + g)(22) 16
5 21. 3ƒ(x) 1 5g(x) 28x 1 6
25. A video game store adds a 25% markup on each of the games that it sells.
In addition to the manufacturer’s cost, the store also pays a $1.50 shipping
charge on each game.
a. Write a function to represent the price f (x) per video game after the
store’s markup. f(x) 5 1.25x
b. Write a function g(x) to represent the manufacturer’s cost plus the shipping
charge. g(x) 5 x 1 1.5
c. Suppose the manufacturer’s cost for a video game is $13. Use a composite
function to find the cost at the store if the markup is applied after the
shipping charge is added. f(g(13)) N $18.13
d. Suppose the manufacturer’s cost for a video game is $13. Use a composite
function to find the cost at the store if the markup is applied before the
shipping charge is added. g(f(13)) 5 $17.75
Prentice Hall Gold Algebra 2 • Teaching Resources
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
53
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-6
Form G
Function Operations
4
26. The formula V 5 3 π r 3 expresses the relationship between the volume V and
radius r of a sphere. A weather balloon is being inflated so that the radius is
changing with respect to time according to the equation r 5 t 1 1, where t is
the time, in minutes, and r is the radius, in feet.
a. Write a composite function f (t) to represent the volume of the weather
balloon after t minutes. Do not expand the expression. f(t) 5 43 π(t 1 1)3
b. Find the volume of the balloon after 5 minutes. Round the answer to two
decimal places. Use 3.14 for π. 904.32 ft3
27. A boutique prices merchandise by adding 80% to its cost. It later decreases by
25% the price of items that do not sell quickly.
a. Write a function f (x) to represent the price after the 80% markup. f(x) 5 1.8x
b. Write a function g(x) to represent the price after the 25% markdown. g(x) 5 0.75x
c. Use a composition function to find the price of an item, after both price
adjustments, that originally costs the boutique $150. g(f (150)) 5 $202.50
d. Does the order in which the adjustments are applied make a difference?
Explain. No; it doesn’t matter whether you first multiply by 0.75 or by 1.8.
28. A department store has marked down its merchandise by 25%. It later
decreases by $5 the price of items that have not sold.
a. Write a function f (x) to represent the price after the 25% markdown. f(x) 5 0.75x
b. Write a function g(x) to represent the price after the $5 markdown. g(x) 5 x 2 5
c. Use a composition function to find the price of a $50 item after both price
adjustments. g(f (50)) 5 $32.50
d. Does the order in which the adjustments are applied make a difference?
Explain.
Yes; multiplying by 0.75 and then subtracting by 5 is different than subtracting
by 5 and then multiplying by 0.75.
54
Name Class Date
Practice
6-6
Form K
Function Operations
Let f (x) 5 4x 1 8 and g(x) 5 2x 2 12. Perform each function operation and
then find the domain of the result.
f
1. ( f 1 g)(x) 2. ( f 2 g)(x) 3. ( f ? g)(x) 4. a g b(x)
Let f (x) 5 x 2 2 and g(x) 5 x2 . Find each value. To start, use the definition of
composing functions to find a function rule.
9. (g f )(4)
° 10. ( f g)(21)
° 11. (g f )(23)
°
21 25
f (4) 5 4 2 2 5 2 4
55
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-6
Form K
Function Operations
15. A car dealer offers a 15% discount off the list price x of any car on the lot. At the same
time, the manufacturer offers a $1000 rebate for each purchase of a car.
a. Write a function f (x) to represent the price after discount. f(x) 5 0.85x
b. Write a function g (x) to represent the price after the $1000 rebate. g(x) 5 x 2 1000
c. Suppose the list price of a car is $18,000. Use a composite function to find the price
of the car if the discount is applied before the rebate. $14,300
d. Suppose the list price of a car is $18,000. Use a composite function to find the price
of the car if the discount is applied after the rebate. $14,450
e. Reasoning Between parts (c) and (d), will the dealer want to apply the
discount before or after the rebate? Why?
After; they will make more money selling the car for a higher price.
16. Error Analysis f (x) 5 2 !x and g(x) 5 3x 2 6. Your friend gives a domain
f
for a g b(x) as x $ 0. Is this correct? If not, what is the correct domain?
No; the correct domain is x L 0, x u 2.
x11
Let f (x) 5 2x2 2 3 and g(x) 5 2 . Find each value.
17. f (g(2)) 3 18. g( f (23)) 8 19. ( f f )(21) 21
°
2
20. Reasoning A local bookstore has a sale on all their paperbacks giving a 10% discount.
You also received a coupon in the mail for $4 off your purchase. If you buy 2 paperbacks
at $8 each, is it less expensive for you to apply the discount before the coupon or after
the coupon? How much will you save?
before the coupon; $.40
56
Name Class Date
Multiple Choice
For Exercises 125, choose the correct letter.
1. Let f (x) 5 22x 1 5 and g(x) 5 x3. What is (g 2 f )(x)? B
x3 2 2x 1 5 2x3 2 2x 1 5
x3 1 2x 2 5 2x3 1 2x 2 5
2 !x 1 3 !2x 1 1 1 1
2x !x 1 2x 1 !x 1 1 2x 1 !x 1 2
1
5. Let f (x) 5 x and g(x) 5 x2 2 2. What is ( f + g)(23)? B
17 1 17 7
9 7 29 23
Short Response
6. Suppose the function f (x) 5 0.035x represents the number of U.S. dollars
equivalent to x Russian rubles and the function g(x) 5 90x represents the
number of Japanese yen equivalent to x U.S. dollars. Write a composite
function that represents the number of Japanese yen equivalent to x Russian
rubles. Show your work.
[2] (g ° f )(x) 5 g(f(x)) 5 90(0.035x) 5 3.15x
[1] appropriate method but with one computational error
[0] incorrect answer and no work shown OR no answer given
57
Name Class Date
Enrichment
6-6 Function Operations
1. If f (x) 5 g(x), what can you conclude by examining the values of f and g at x 5 0? B 5 D
15. Constant functions are a subset of linear functions in which the coefficient of x
is zero. What type of function is the composite of two constant functions? constant
16. a. If h(x) and k(x) are two constant functions, under what circumstances does
h + k 5 k + h? if h(x) 5 k(x)
b. Under what circumstances does h + k 5 k? if h(x) 5 k(x)
c. Under what circumstances does h + k 5 h? h ° k always equals h
d. Under what circumstances does h + k 5 0? if h(x) 5 0
58
Name Class Date
Reteaching
6-6 Function Operations
When you combine functions using addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division, the
domain of the resulting function has to include the domains of both of the original functions.
Problem
Let f (x) 5 x2 2 4 and g(x) 5 !x. What is the solution of each function
operation? What is the domain of the result?
a. ( f 1 g)(x) 5 f (x) 1 g(x) 5 (x2 2 4) 1 (!x) 5 x2 1 !x 2 4
b. ( f 2 g)(x) 5 f (x) 2 g(x) 5 (x2 2 4) 2 (!x) 5 x2 2 !x 2 4
c. (g 2 f )(x) 5 g(x) 2 f (x) 5 (!x) 2 (x2 2 4) 5 2x2 1 !x 1 4
d. ( f ? g)(x) 5 f (x) ? g(x) 5 (x2 2 4)(!x) 5 x2 !x 2 4 !x
The domain of f is all real numbers. The domain of g is all x $ 0. For parts a2d, there are
no additional restrictions on the values for x, so the domain for each of these is x $ 0.
f f (x) x2 2 4 (x2 2 4) !x
e. g (x) 5 5 5 x
g(x) !x
As before, the domain is x $ 0. But, because the denominator cannot be zero, eliminate
any values of x for which g(x) 5 0. The only value for which !x 5 0 is x 5 0. Therefore,
f
the domain of g is x . 0.
g g(x) !x
f.
f
(x) 5 5 2
f(x) x 24
Similarly, begin with x $ 0 and eliminate any values of x that make the denominator
g
f(x) zero: x2 2 4 5 0 when x 5 22 and x 5 2. Therefore, the domain of f is x $ 0
combined with x 2 22 and x 2 2. In other words, the domain is x $ 0 and x 2 2, or all
nonnegative numbers except 2.
Exercises
Let f (x) 5 4x 2 3 and g(x) 5 x2 1 2. Perform each function operation and then
find the domain of the result.
1. ( f 1 g)(x) 2. ( f 2 g)(x) 3. (g 2 f )(x)
x2 1 4x 2 1; 2x2 1 4x 2 5; all x2 2 4x 1 5; all
all real numbers real numbers real numbers
f g
4. ( f · g)(x) 5. g (x) 6. (x)
f
4x3 2 3x2 1 8x 2 6; 4x 2 3 x2 1 2
x2 1 2
; all real numbers
4x 2 3 ; x u 34
all real numbers
59
Name Class Date
Reteaching (continued)
6-6 Function Operations
Problem
What is the value of the expression g( f (2)) given the inner function, f (x) 5 3x 2 5
and the outer function, g(x) 5 x2 1 2?
f(x) g(x)
1st input 3x ⫺ 5 1st output, 1, x2 ⫹ 2 2nd output
x ⫽ 2 becomes
2nd input 3
3(2) ⫺ 5 12 ⫹ 2
6 ⫺ 5 1 ⫹ 2
1 3
1st output 2nd output
Exercises
Evaluate the expression g( f (5)) using the same functions for g and f as in the
Example. Fill in blanks 7–14 on the chart.
Use one color highlighter to highlight the first input. Use a second color to
highlight the first output and the second input. Use a third color to highlight the
second output, which is the answer.
f(x) g(x)
1st input 3x ⫺ 5 1st output, x2 ⫹2 2nd output
x ⫽ 5 10 , 102
10. ——— 14. ———
becomes 2
7. 3(—
5) ⫺ 5
2nd input — ⫹2
11. 10
— ⫺ 5
8. 15 —⫹2
12. 100
10 102
9. ——— 13. ———
60
Name Class Date
Choose the word or phrase from the list that best matches each sentence.
inverse relation inverse function one-to-one function f21
2. A relation pairs element a of its domain to element b of its range. The inverse relation
pairs b with a.
4. If a relation and its inverse are functions, then they are inverse functions .
y
5. Circle the inverse of y 5 2x 1 1. y 5 x 2 12 x5222 y5x2
2
1
2
y 5 x 31 2 Divide both sides by 3 and solve for y.
x 5 4y 2 8 Switch x and y.
61
Name Class Date
Geometry Write a function that gives the length of the hypotenuse of an isosceles
right triangle with side length s. Evaluate the inverse of the function to find the
side length of an isosceles right triangle with a hypotenuse of 6 in.
Know
1. An equation that relates the length of each side s and the
length of the hypotenuse h of an isosceles right triangle is
z 2s
2 5 h2 z .
h
s
Need
2. To solve the problem I need to:
write a function for the length of the hypotenuse in terms
s
of the side length and then find the inverse function for
Plan
3. A function that gives the length of the hypotenuse h in terms of the side length
z
s is 5 s"2 .
h z
4. An inverse function that gives the side length s in terms of the length of the
hypotenuse h is s5 h .
"2
5. What is the value of the inverse function for h 5 6 in.? about 4.24 in.
62
Name Class Date
Practice
6-7
Form G
Find the inverse of each relation. Graph the given relation and its inverse.
1. 2.
x 22 21 0 1 4 y x 0 1 2 3
y
2 2
y 23 22 21 0 x y 23 21 0 22 x
⫺4 2 4 ⫺2 2
x 23 22 21 0 x 23 21 0 22 ⫺2
⫺4
y 22 21 0 1 y 0 1 2 3
3. y 4. 4 y
x 23 21 1 2 x 23 22 21 0
2 2
y 21 0 1 3 x y 3 2 1 0 x
⫺2 2 ⫺2 2 4
⫺2
⫺2
x 21 0 1 3 x 3 2 1 0 ⫺4
y 23 21 1 2 y 23 22 21 0
1
20. y 5 2 x2 21. y 5 (x 1 2)2 22. y 5 (2x 2 1)2 2 2
y y y
3
2 4
1 x 2 x
⫺3⫺2 O 1 2 3 ⫺4 O 4 x ⫺6 ⫺2 2
⫺2 ⫺4 4
⫺3 6
63
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-7
Form G
For each function, find the inverse and the domain and range of the function
and its inverse. Determine whether the inverse is a function.
1
23. f (x) 5 6 x f 21(x) 5 6x; 24. f (x) 5 215 x 1 2 25. f (x) 5 x2 2 2 f 21(x) 5 w!x 1 2;
The domain and range of f f 21(x) 5 25x 1 10; The Domain of f 5 all real numbers 5 range
and f 21 is the set of all real domain and range of f and of f 21; Range of f 5 the set of real
numbers; f 21 is a function. f 21 is the set of all real numbers greater than or equal to 22 5
numbers; f 21 is a function. domain of f 21; f 21 is not a function.
26. f (x) 5 x2 1 4 f 21(x) 5 27. f (x) 5 !x 2 1 f 21(x) 5 28. f (x) 5 !3x f 21(x) 5 13 x2 ; The
w!x 2 4; Domain of f 5 x2 1 1; Domain of f 5 all real domain and range of f and f 21
all real numbers 5 range of numbers greater than or equal is the set of all real numbers
f 21 ; Range of f 5 all real to 1 5 range of f 21 ; Range of greater than or equal to 0; f 21
numbers greater than or f 5 all real numbers greater is a function.
equal to 4 5 domain of f 21 ; than or equal to 0 5 domain
f 21 is not a function. of f 21 ; f 21 is a function.
1
29. f (x) 5 3 2 x 30. f (x) 5 (x 1 1)2 f 21(x) 5 31. f (x) 5
21 21 6 !x ; domain f 5 all !x
f (x) 5 3 2 x; the domain
real numbers 5 range f 21 ; f 21(x) 5 12 ; the domain and
and range of f and f 21 is x
the set of all real numbers; range f 5 all nonnegative range of f and f 21 is the set of
f 21 is a function. real numbers 5 domain f 21 ; all positive real numbers; f 21
f 21 is not a function. is a function.
32. The equation f (x) 5 198,900x 1 635,600 can be used to model the number of
utility trucks under 6000 pounds that are sold each year in the U.S. with x 5 0
representing the year 1992. Find the inverse of the function. Use the inverse to
estimate in which year the number of utility trucks under 6000 pounds sold in
the U.S. will be 6,000,000. Source: www.infoplease.com
x 2 635,600
f 21(x) 5 198,900 in 2019
34. The formula for the surface area A of a sphere of radius r is A 5 4pr2 for r $ 0.
A
a. Find the inverse of the formula. Is the inverse a function? r 5 "4p ; yes
b. Use the inverse to find the radius of a sphere with surface area 10,000 m3. 28.2 m
64
Name Class Date
Practice
6-7
Form K
Find the inverse of each relation. Graph the given relation and its inverse.
1. 2. 3.
x y x y x y
0 21 22 7 23 2
1 1 0 3 22 2
2 3 2 7 21 2
3 5 4 19 0 2
y y 4 y
x y x y x y
6 15
21 0 7 22 10
2 23
4 x
1 1 3 0 5 2 22 ⫺4 ⫺2 O 4
2
3 2 x 7 2 x 2 21 ⫺2
O 2 4 6 19 4 O 5 10 15 2 0 ⫺4
5 3
Find the inverse of each function. Is the inverse a function? To start, switch
x and y.
x
4. y 5 2 5. y 5 x2 1 4 6. y 5 (3x 2 4)2
y y 5 w!x 2 4; no
x 5 2 y 5 2x; yes !x 1 4
y5w 3 ; no
7. y 5 3x 2 4 8. y 5 2x2 9. y 5 (3 2 2x)2
4 y 4 y y
6
2 2
x O x 4
⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 4 ⫺2 2 4 2
⫺2 ⫺2
⫺4 ⫺4 O 2 4 6 x
65
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-7
Form K
For each function, find its inverse and the domain and range of the function and
its inverse. Determine whether the inverse is a function.
14. f (x) 5 !x 1 1 15. f (x) 5 10 2 3x 16. f (x) 5 4x2 1 25
21 2 21 1 10 !x 2 25
f (x) 5 x 2 1; domain f (x) 5 23 x 1 3 ; domain f21(x) 5 w ; domain
2
f(x): x L 21, range f(x): all real numbers; range f(x): all real numbers;
f(x): y L 0; domain f 21 :
f(x): all real numbers; range f(x): y L 25; domain
x L 0, range f 21 : y L 21; 21 : all real
the inverse is a function. domain f f 21: x L 25; range f 21 : all
numbers; range f 21 : all real real numbers; the inverse is
numbers; the inverse is a not a function.
function.
17. The formula for the area of a circle is A 5 pr2 .
a. Find the inverse of the formula. Is the inverse a function? r 5 ÅA p ; yes
b. Use the inverse to find the radius of a circle that has an area of 82 in.2. about 5.1 in.
For Exercises 18−20, f (x) 5 5x 1 11. Find each value. To start, rewrite f (x)
as y and switch x and y.
18. A f f 21 B(5)
° 19. A f 21 f B(23)
° 20. A f 21 f B(0)
°
y 5 5x 1 11 5 23 0
66
Name Class Date
Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1−4, choose the correct letter.
x 22 21 0 2
1. What is the inverse of the relation? A
y 3 1 21 22
x 22 21 1 3 x 22 21 0 2
y 2 0 21 22 y 22 21 1 3
x ⫺2 ⫺1 0 2 x 22 21 1 3
y ⫺3 ⫺1 1 2 y 2 1 21 22
Extended Response
5. A high school principal uses the formula y 5 150x 1 180 to predict a
student’s score on a state achievement test using the student’s 11th-grade GPA
number x.
a. What is the inverse of the formula?
b. Is the inverse a function?
c. Using the inverse, what GPA does a student need to get a passing score of
510 on the state exam?
1
[4] a. y 5 150 1
(x 2 180) or y 5 150 x 2 65 b. yes c. 2.2 [3] most work is correct but
there are minor errors [2] student understands the problem and shows some
correct work [1] student may understand the problem but doesn’t know how to
proceed OR correct answers without work shown [0] no answers given
67
Name Class Date
Enrichment
6-7 Inverse Relations and Functions
6. Compose these two functions to find a formula for converting degrees Kelvin
to degrees Fahrenheit. F 5 95 (K 2 273) 1 32
68
Name Class Date
Reteaching
6-7 Inverse Relations and Functions
Problem
f (x) 5 x 1 1
y5x11 Rewrite the equation using y, if necessary.
x5y11 Interchange x and y.
x215y Solve for y.
y5x21 The resulting function is the inverse of the original function.
So, f 21 (x) 5 x 2 1.
Exercises
Find the inverse of each function.
1. y 5 4x 2 5 2. y 5 3x3 1 2 3. y 5 (x 1 1)3
x 1 5 3 3
f 21 5 4 f 21 5 "x 2
3
2
f 21 5 "x 2 1
x
7. f (x) 5 5 8. f (x) 5 4x 1 2 9. y 5 x
f 21(x) 5 5x x22 f 21 5 x
5 f 21(x) 4
x21
10. y 5 x 2 3 11. y 5 2 12. y 5 x3 2 8
3
f 21 5 x 1 3 f 21 5 2x 1 1 f 21 5 "x 1 8
2 x13
13. f (x) 5 !x 1 2 14. f (x) 5 3 x 2 1 15. f (x) 5 5
f21 (x) 5 x2 2 2 for x L 22 f 21(x) 5 32(x 1 1) f 21(x) 5 5x 2 3
69
Name Class Date
Reteaching (continued)
6-7 Inverse Relations and Functions
This inverse relationship is true for all relations whenever both f and
f 21 are defined.
Problem
What are the domain and range of the inverse of the function f (x) 5 !3 2 x?
f is defined for 3 2 x $ 0 or x # 3.
y
Therefore, the domain of f and the range of f 21 is the set of all x # 3. 6
5
The range of f is the set of all x $ 0. So, the domain of f 21 is the set 4
of all x $ 0. f 3
2
1
x
23 22 21 O 1 2 3
Exercises
Name the domain and range of the inverse of the function.
1
19. y 5 2x 2 1 20. y 5 2 2 x 21. y 5 !x 1 5
The domain and the range is domain: x u 2; domain: x L 0;
the set of all real numbers. range: y u 0 range: y L 25
22. y 5 !2x 1 8 23. y 5 3 !x 1 2 24. y 5 (x 2 6)2
domain: x L 8; domain: x L 2; domain: x L 0;
range: y K 0 range: y L 0 range: all real numbers
1 1
25. y 5 x2 2 6 26. y 5 x 1 4 27. y 5
(x 1 4)2
domain: x L 26; domain: x u 0; domain: x S 0;
range: all real numbers range: y u 24 range: y u 24
70
Name Class Date
For Exercises 3−8, draw a line from each word or phrase in Column A to its
matching item in Column B.
Column A Column B
3. parent function A. y 5 !x 2 k
7. reflection in x-axis E. y 5 k !x
71
Name Class Date
Electronics The size of a computer monitor is given as the length of the screen’s
5
diagonal d in inches. The equation d 5 6 !3A models the length of a diagonal
of a monitor screen with area A in square inches.
b. Suppose you want to buy a new monitor that has twice the area of your old
monitor. Your old monitor has a diagonal of 15 inches. What will be the
diagonal of your new monitor?
1. How can you use a graph to approximate the area of the old monitor?
Graph the equation and graph y 5 15. The x-coordinate of their intersection will be
d
2. Graph the equation on your calculator. Make a sketch of the 40
graph.
30
20
3. What is the area of the old monitor? 108 in.2
10
A
0
4. How can you check your answer algebraically? 0 100 200 300 400
6. How can you find the diagonal of a new monitor with twice the area of the old
monitor?
Substitute 2 times the area of the old monitor for A in the equation .
8. What will be the diagonal of your new monitor? about 21.2 in.
72
Name Class Date
Practice
6-8
Form G
1. y 5 !x 1 3 2. y 5 !x 2 1 3. y 5 !x 1 5
8 y 6 y 6 y
6 4 4
4 2
2 x 1 x
x O 2 4 6 8 ⫺4 ⫺2 O 2
O 2 4 6 8 ⫺2 ⫺2
1
4. y 5 !x 2 3 5. y 5 22 !x 2 2 6. y 5 4 !x 2 1 1 5
6 y y y
8
4 O 2 4 6 x 6
⫺2
2 4
x ⫺6
2
O 2 4 6 8 ⫺4 x
⫺8 O 2 4 6 8
Solve each square root equation by graphing. Round the answer to the nearest
hundredth, if necessary. If there is no solution, explain why.
no solution; 32
7. !x 1 6 5 9 75 8. !4x 2 3 5 5 7 9. !3x 2 5 5 !1 2 x is extraneous
r
A
10. If you know the area A of a circle, you can use the equation r 5 to find
Äp 12
the radius r.
a. Graph the equation. 8
b. What is the radius of a circle with an area of 350 ft2? about 10.6 ft
4
A
Graph each function.
O 100 200 300
3 3 3
11. y 5 2!x 1 2 12. y 5 2 !x 2 3 13. y 5 !x 1 3 2 1
y y y
2 2 2
⫺2 O 2 x ⫺2 O 2 x ⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 x
⫺2 ⫺2 ⫺2
73
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-8
Form G
r
3 3V 5
23. To find the radius r of a sphere of volume V, use the equation r 5 Å 4p . 4
a. Graph the equation. 3
2
b. A balloon used for advertising special events has a volume of 225 ft3. 1 V
What is the radius of the balloon? 3.77 ft O 100 300 500
24. An exercise specialist has studied your exercise routine and says the t
50
formula t 5 1.85 !c 1 10 expresses the amount of time t, in minutes, 40
30
it takes you to burn c calories (cal) while exercising. 20
a. Graph the equation. 10 c
b. According to this formula, how long should it take you to burn O 100 400
100 cal? 200 cal? 300 cal? 19.4 min, 26.8 min, 32.6 min
10 t
1 8
25. You can use the equation t 5 4 !d
to find the time t, in seconds,
6
it takes an object to fall d feet after being dropped. 4
a. Graph the equation. 2 d
b. How long does it take the object to fall 400 feet? 5 s O 200 800
74
Name Class Date
Practice
6-8
Form K
Solve each square root equation by graphing. Round the answer to the nearest
hundredth, if necessary. If there is no solution, explain why.
7. !x 1 2 5 7 47 8. !4x 1 1 5 5 6 9. 3 !3 2 x 5 10 28.11
y y y
8 6 9
6
4
4 6
2 2
x x 3
O 10 20 30 40 O 2 4 6
10. A periscope on a submarine is at a height h, in feet, above the surface of the water. The
greatest distance d, in miles, that can be seen from the periscope on a clear day is given
3h
by d 5 Å 2 .
a. If a ship is 3 miles from the submarine, at what height above the water would the
submarine have to raise its periscope in order to see the ship? 6 ft
b. If a ship is 1.5 miles from the submarine, to what height would it have to be raised? 1.5 ft
75
Name Class Date
Practice (continued)
6-8
Form K
3
Graph each function. To start, graph the parent function, y 5 ! x.
3 3 1 3
11. y 5 !x 2 4 12. y 5 3 2 !x 1 1 13. y 5 2 !x 2 1 1 3
y y y
6 6
⫺2 2 x
⫺2 4 4
⫺4
⫺6
⫺2 2 x ⫺2 2 x
14. A center-pivot irrigation system can water from 1 to 130 acres of crop land. y
The length l in feet of rotating pipe needed to irrigate A acres is given by 300
the function l 5 117.75!A. 200
a. Graph the equation on your calculator. Make a sketch of the graph. 100
x
b. What length of pipe is needed to irrigate 40, 80, and 130 acres?
⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 4
744.7 ft, 1053.2 ft, 1342.6 ft
4 y y
4
y
2 12 2 O x
x 8
4 4 ⫺2 2 6 8
O 2 4 6 ⫺4
⫺2 O 2 x ⫺6
⫺8 ⫺8
domain: all real numbers; domain: all real numbers; domain: x L 4; range:
range: all real numbers range: all real numbers y K 23
18. Open Ended Write a cube root function in which the vertical translation of
3
y5 ! x is twice the horizontal translation. Answers may vary. Any cube root
3
function in the form y 5 a !x 2 h 1 k where k 5 2h.
76
Name Class Date
Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1−4, choose the correct letter.
1. What is the graph of y 5 !x 1 4? C
y y y y
8 8 8 8
6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4
2 2
x x x x
⫺4⫺2 O 2 4 O 2 4 6 8 O 2 4 6 8 ⫺4⫺2 O 2 4
3
3. What is the graph of y 5 1 2 !x 1 3? D
y y y y
4 4 4 4
2 2 2
x x x
⫺6⫺4⫺2 O ⫺4⫺2 2 4 ⫺8⫺6⫺4⫺2 O x ⫺6⫺4⫺2 2
⫺2 ⫺2 ⫺2
⫺4 ⫺4 ⫺4 ⫺4
77
Name Class Date
Enrichment
6-8 Graphing Radical Functions
1. Use the general rules to describe how the graph of y 5 23(x 2 5)2 1 7 can
be obtained from the graph of f(x) 5 x2 .
reflect across the x-axis, stretch by a factor of 3, shift right 5 units and shift
up 7 units
3
2. Write the equation for the graph that looks like y 5 !x but that is shifted
right four units, reflected across the x-axis, and shifted down six units.
3
y 5 2!x 2 4 2 6
3. Use the graph of y 5 f(x) given below to sketch the graph of y 5 f(x 1 2) 2 1.
y y y
y ⴝ f (x) 6
4 4 4
x 2 x
x
⫺4 O 4 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 4 6 ⫺4 O 4
⫺4 ⫺4 ⫺4
⫺6
4. The graph of y 5 f(x) and y 5 g(x) is given below. The graph of g is a transformation of
the graph of f. Write the equation for the graph of g in terms of f. g(x) 5 f(x 1 1) 23
y
f
2
O x
⫺2 2
⫺2
g
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Name Class Date
Reteaching
6-8 Graphing Radical Functions
Problem
y
6
What is the graph of y 5 2 !x 2 5 1 3?
y 5 2 !x 2 5 1 3 4
2
x
a52 h55 k53 O 2 4 6
Translate the graph of y 5 2 !x right five units and up three units. The graph of
y 5 2 !x looks like the graph of y 5 !x with a vertical stretch by a factor of 2.
Exercises
Graph each function.
1. y 5 !x 2 4 1 1 4 y 2. y 5 !x 2 4 y
x
2 ⫺2 O 2
x ⫺2
O 2 4 6 ⫺4
3. y 5 !x 1 1 y 4. y 5 2!x 1 2 2 3 y
x
2
x ⫺4 ⫺2 O
⫺2
⫺2 O 2
⫺2
5. y 5 2 !x 2 1 y 6. y 5 22 !x 1 3 1 4 6 y
2
x 4
⫺2 O 2 2
⫺2 x
⫺4 ⫺2 O
7. y 5 2!x 1 1 2 y 8. y 5 !x 1 3 2 4 y
x
x
⫺4 ⫺2 O
O 4 ⫺2
⫺2
⫺4
⫺4
9. y 5 3 !x 1 2 6 y 10. y 5 2!x 2 2
4
2
x
O 2 4
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79
Name Class Date
Reteaching (continued)
6-8 Graphing Radical Functions
Problem
Intersection
x ⫽ 15.998 Y ⫽ 22
Exercises
Solve the equation by graphing. Round the answer to the nearest hundredth, if
necessary. If there is no solution, explain why.
11. !3x 1 1 5 5 8 12. !4x 1 1 5 9 20
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3 8
1. !36 26, 6 2. !0.25 20.5, 0.5 3. !264 24 4. 3 2 225
Å 125
Simplify each radical expression. Use absolute value symbols when needed.
2 3 3 3 2
5. "25y2 5|y| 6. "49x4 7x 7. " 28x9 22x 8. " 20.125y6 –0.5y
Multiply or divide and simplify. Assume that all variables are positive.
3
" 4xy7 y
11. 2 !2x ? "18xy2 12xy 12. 3 2x
"32x4y4
5 1 !3 13 1 7 !3
13. 3 !180 1 !45 2 8 !20 5 !5 14.
2 2 !3
Do you UNDERSTAND?
19. Geometry What is the perimeter of the triangle at the right? 2 2
27 2 !2 3 V2 3 V2
7
5
20. Reasoning Solve. !75 1 !3x 5 12 !3 49
3 V2
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1. !x 2 2 5 x 2 8 11 2. !x 1 4 5 !3x 2 2 3
11. y 5 2 2 !x 6 y 12. y 5 !x 2 1 1 1 6 y
domain: x L 0, 4 domain: x L 1, 4
range: y K 2 2 range: y L 1 2
x x
O 2 4 6 O 2 4 6
Do you UNDERSTAND?
13. Writing Explain why it is not true that !22 ? !22 5 !4, even though
(22) ? (22) 5 4.
Answers may vary. Sample:
!22 ? !22 5 i!2 ? i!2 5 i2(!2)2 5 (21)(2) 5 22 u !4
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Name Class Date
3 3
4. " 64a6b2 4a2 "b2 5. "50s2t4 5»s…t2 !2 6. "256x16y28 16x8y14
"200x3y 1
7. 10x 8. Q 8 2 3 !2 R Q 8 1 3 !2 R 46 9. 5 2 !3
"2xy5 y2 !3 1 5 22
3
!2 1 1 !4
3 3
10. "8x3 ? "2x5 4x4 11. !63 1 2 !28 2 5 !7 2 !7 12. 3
1 !2
!4 2
4
4
2 !5 !20
13. 22 1 2 !2 14. 4 2 15. !15 Q 1 2 !45 R !15 2 15 !3
1 1 !2 !4
Simplify each expression. Assume that all variables are positive.
3
16x5y10 4 8x3y6
2 1 2 1 7
16. Q 81xy2 R 27
17. (264)23 16 18. a3 ? a2 a6
1 x 1 1 2 1 1 1
22 22 9 5
19. Q 4x22y4 R 2y2 20. Q 8ab2 R Q 8ab2 R 2 1 21. Q s5 t3 R Q s2 t2 R s10t6
Let f(x) 5 x2 1 5 and g(x) 5 x 2 7. Perform each function operation and then
find the domain.
2
f (x) x 1 5 ; all real
28. x 27 29. f (x) 2 2g (x) x2 2 2x 1 19; 30. f (x) ? g(x)
g (x) numbers except 7
all real numbers x3 2 7x2 1 5x 2 35;
For each pair of functions, find (f + g)(x) and (g + f )(x). all real numbers
83
Name Class Date
Do you UNDERSTAND?
1 1
56. Writing Explain under what circumstances 2xn 5 (2x)n and provide an 1 1
example to justify your answer. n is an odd integer; answers may vary. Sample: 283 5 22 5 (28)3
3
57. Reasoning Graph y 5 !x and y 5 !x on the same coordinate grid. Notice
3
that for 0 , x , 1, the graph of y 5 !x lies below the graph of y 5 ! x but
the opposite is true for x . 1. Explain why this is the case. Give an example.
1
Answers may vary. Sample: xn grows more rapidly (that is, as n increases) for
1
x R 1 and grows more slowly for x S 1; for example, Å64 5 18 R 14 5 3Å64
1
but
3
!64 5 8 S 4 5 !64.
Prentice Hall Gold Algebra 2 • Teaching Resources
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
84
Name Class Date
Simplify.
3 3
10. !7 1 3 !7 11. !18 1 !32 12. 2 !24 2 !81
4 !7 7 !2 3
!3
Do you UNDERSTAND?
19. Writing Explain when absolute value symbols are needed when you are
n
simplifying radical expressions. For radicals in the form "a m , if the index is even,
use absolute value symbols. If the index is odd, you don’t need absolute value
symbols for any terms.
20. An object is moving at a speed of A5 2 !3B mi/h. How long will it take the
object to travel 35 mi?
175 1 35 !3
22 h
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Name Class Date
1. 4 !x 2 2 5 2 x 5 1 2. !x 1 5 5 4 x 5 11
3. !5x 2 1 1 3 5 x x 5 10 4. !2 2 x 2 x 5 4 x 5 22
12. Writing Explain the relationship between the domain of a function and the
range of the function’s inverse. They are equal
13. A spherical water tank holds 6000 ft3 of water. What is the diameter of the tank
p
to the nearest tenth of a foot? (Hint: V 5 6 d3 ) 22.5 ft
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Name Class Date
Multiply.
10. (7 1 !5)(1 1 !5) 11. (6 1 !10)2 12. (5 1 !3)(2 2 !3)
12 1 8"5 46 1 2"10 7 2 3 !3
Solve.
3 1
19. !2x 1 1 5 5 20. (x 1 6) 4 5 8 21. Ax2 1 13B 2 5 7
x 5 12 x 5 10 x 5 6 and x 5 26
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Name Class Date
Let f (x) 5 "x 1 3 and g (x) 5 4 2 "x. Perform each function operation and
then find the domain.
22. ( f 2g) (x) (f 2 g)( x) 5 2"x 2 1; 23. ( f ? g)(x) (f ? g)( x) 5 "x 2 x 1 12;
all real numbers L 0 all real numbers L 0
Do you UNDERSTAND?
30. Error Analysis Explain the error in this simplification of radical expressions.
3
What is the correct simplification? !2 ? ! 8 5 !2(8) 5 !16 5 4
The product property does not apply to different indexes; 2 !2
6 6
31. Reasoning Show that " x3 5 !x by rewriting " x3 in exponential form.
6 3 1
"x 3 5 x6 5 x2 5 !x
32. A store is having a sale with a 15% discount on all items. In addition, employees get a
$20 discount on purchases of $100 or greater. Will an employee get a better deal if
the $20 discount is applied first or if the 15% discount is applied first to their purchase
of $100? The employee will pay less if the 15% discount is applied first.
88
Name Class Date
Task 2
89
Name Class Date
Task 3
g(x) x22
a. Find f(x) and its domain. Explain how you determined the domain. 2 ; all real numbers
x 1 x 2 12
except 3 and 24
b. Find (g + f)(x) and (f + g)(x). Are they equal? x2 1 x 2 14; x2 2 3x 2 10; no
c. For what types of functions will (g + f)(x) and (f + g)(x) both equal x? Explain. when f and g are
[4] All parts of Task completed correctly with work shown OR used correct inverses
process with minor computational errors.
[3] Student found all parts correctly but could not explain (a) OR could not
explain (c) OR could not correctly find the domain for (a).
[2] Correct answer with no work shown OR student only able to complete part of
Task.
[1] Student found part (a) but could not compose functions for parts (b) and (c).
[0] No attempt was made to solve this problem OR answer is incorrect with no
work shown.
Task 4
a. Find the inverse of f(x) 5 !x 2 2 1 5. Show all steps in the process. What y f
6
is the domain of f21 ? f 21(x) 5 (x 2 5)2 + 2; domain: x L 5
4
b. Choose a value for a and use the inverse to find Q f + f21 R (a) and f1
Q f21 + f R (a) for the value you chose. What can you conclude about 2
x
Q f + f21 R (a) and Q f21 + f R (a)? (f ° f21)(a) 5 (f 21 ° f)(a) 5 a
O 2 4 6
c. Graph f and f21
on the same axes. What relationships do you see between the
two graphs? The graphs are a reflection of each other across the line y 5 x.
[4] All parts of Task completed correctly with work shown OR used correct process
with minor computational errors.
[3] Student found parts (a) and (b) correctly but could not describe the
relationships between the graphs OR could not draw conclusions in part (b).
[2] Correct answer with no work shown OR student only able to complete part of
Task.
[1] Student found the inverse of f(x) but could not draw conclusions in part (b)
and could not graph the functions.
[0] No attempt was made to solve this problem OR answer is incorrect with no
work shown.
90
Name Class Date
Multiple Choice y
7
6
For Exercises 1−12, choose the correct letter.
5
1. What is an equation for this graph? B 4
3
y 5 (x 1 3)2 1 1 y 5 (x 2 1)2 2 3 2
1
y 5 (x 2 3)2 1 1 y 5 (x 2 1)2 1 3 O x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3
2. Simplify 42 . I
3
24 2 6 8
y 5 x2 2 3x 2 8
3. Solve the system. e C
y5x14
(22, 2), (2, 210) (22, 2), (6, 10)
(21, 24), (1, 5) (2, 6), (6, 10)
9. If h(x) 5 2x2 1 x 2 5 and g(x) 5 24x 2 1, what is the value of h(1) 2 g(3)? C
-15 -11 11 15
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Name Class Date
y 5 2x2 1 x 1 12
10. Solve the system. e G
y 5 x2 1 3x
(24, 4), (0, 12) (23, 0), (0, 12)
(23, 0), (2, 10) (21, 22), (0, 12)
Short Response
For Exercises 13 and 14, let f(x) 5 x2 1 2x 2 3 and g(x) 5 4x 2 1.
13. Simplify each expression. y
a. g(x 1 2) 4x 1 7 b. f(x 1 2) x2 1 6x 1 5 2 x
6 O 6
14. Find each value.
a. (g + f )(0) 213 b. (f + g)(0) 24
10
y, 2x2
2 2x 1 3
15. Solve by graphing. e 2
y . x 2 x 2 12
16. To find the time t, in seconds, it takes an object to fall h meters, use the
h
equation t 5 Å4.9 . A croissant dropped from the top of the Eiffel Tower takes
8.13 s to reach the ground. How tall is the Eiffel Tower? 324 m
Extended Response
19. Writing Explain how you can obtain the solutions to a system of equations by graphing.
19. [4] Answers may vary. Sample: Graph both equations on the same grid. If the graphs do
not intersect, then the system has no solution. If the graphs intersect in one or more points,
then the intersection point(s) are the solution(s) of the system. [3] Explanation shows
understanding of the concepts with some minor errors. [2] Explanation contains minor
errors. [1] Explanation contains major errors and lacks detail. [0] Explanation is missing.
20. Open-Ended Write the equation of a parabola with vertex at (22, 3).
20. [4] Answers may vary. Sample: f(x) 5 (x 1 2)2 1 3. [3] Equation has minor errors.
[2] Equation has major errors. [1] Equation is incomplete and the given answer has errors.
[0] Equation is missing.
92
TEACHER INSTRUCTIONS
Activity 1: Constructing
Students use strings, coins, and binder clips to construct simple pendulums.
Activity 2: Investigating
Students perform experiments to time the swings of their pendulums and record
their observations in charts.
Activity 3: Analyzing
Students solve a formula for a given variable, then use the formula to find the
theoretical periods of their pendulums. They analyze their data and determine
why their experimental results might differ from their theoretical results.
93
Name Class Date
List of Materials
• Calculator • Metric ruler or measuring tape
• Thread or thin string • Binder clips (2 medium)
• Coins (3 quarters, 3 nickels, or 3 pennies) • Stopwatch
Activities
Activity 1: Constructing
To construct a simple pendulum, tie a medium binder clip to the end of a piece of
string. The binder clip will be used to hold one or more coins for the experiments
in Activity 2. The weight on the end of the string, which includes the binder clip
and the coin(s) it holds, is called the pendulum bob. The period of a pendulum is
the time it takes for the pendulum to complete one full swing (back and forth).
Activity 2: Investigating
Experiment 1
Tie the free end of the string of the pendulum to a stable object. Do this in such a
way that neither the string nor the bob touch another object when the pendulum
is swung. Insert one coin in the binder clip. Measure the length of the string (in
centimeters) from the point where it is attached to the stable object to the center
of the bob. Record this length. Three times, pull the pendulum back to an angle
of about 20° and let it go. For each trial, use a stopwatch to record the number of
seconds it takes for the pendulum to complete 10 full swings. Record each time
in the first column of the table provided on the next page. Next, find and record
the average of the three times you listed. Finally, divide the average time by 10 to
determine the period of the pendulum. Repeat the procedure using two coins, then
using three coins, recording the data in the second and third columns, respectively.
Does it appear that the weight of the bob affected the period of the pendulum?
What factors other than the weight might affect the period of the pendulum?
94
Name Class Date
Experiment 2
Cut a second string that is half the length of the original string. Repeat Experiment 1. Record
data in a table. Does it appear that the pendulum string length affects its period? Explain.
Activity 3: Analyzing
2
The formula / 5 980t2 represents the length O (in centimeters) of a simple
4p
pendulum with a period of t seconds. (In this formula, the acceleration due to
gravity is given as 980 cm/s2.)
• Solve for t. According to the formula, how does changing the weight of the
bob affect the period of a pendulum?
• Use the formula to find the theoretical period for each pendulum. Record
your experimental and theoretical periods for each.
Do your experimental results give the same period as the theretical models? What factors
do you think would account for any differences? Explain your observations.
95
Name Class Date
Getting Started
Read the project. As you work on the project, you will need a calculator and
materials on which you can record your results and make calculations. Keep all of
your work for the project in a folder, along with this Project Manager.
Checklist Suggestions
☐ Activity 1: constructing a pendulum ☐ Use the lightest thread or string possible.
☐ Activity 2: determining the period ☐ Have one student swing the pendulum
while another student keeps time.
☐ Activity 3: comparing experimental and ☐ Isolate t, then take the square root of each
theoretical periods side of the equation. Substitute the string
lengths into the new equation.
☐ pendulum experiment ☐ How would your results change if your
pendulum were not able to swing freely,
that is without contact with any other
object? How would your results change if
you pulled the pendulum back
to an angle of 60°? What other changes
would affect your results?
Scoring Rubric
4 Your experimental results are reasonable. Calculations are correct.
Explanations are thorough and well thought out. Data, calculations, and
conclusions are neatly presented.
3 Your experimental results are reasonable. Calculations are mostly correct
with some minor errors. Explanations lack detail and accuracy. Data,
calculations, and conclusions are not well organized.
2 Your experimental results are not reasonable. Calculations and explanations
contain errors. Data, calculations, and conclusions are unorganized and
lack detail.
1 Major concepts are misunderstood. Project satisfies few of the requirements
and shows poor organization and effort.
0 Major elements of the project are incomplete or missing.
Your Evaluation of Project Evaluate your work, based on the Scoring Rubric.
96