Cambridge University Press

978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners

Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

1 Children learning a foreign language

 


   

3   +
     
  > 
    
   ; ,    
# +
*      
  # 

#          


#       #   #  1 <


#    2 > #       <
#   
+        # / /
 :
   /   # 
 
   +
 
A  
 > #            

   
   +
   

:    +  
     

>     +         
  &
         
 >          3 

     /
  
 
    
  3  / 
        
> #   
      >  >   
>   
E
  #   +
  
      
 
 
    
   
01  01 
       #
 
 >
     to the children who are
learning them #        # 
  
 
 
8       + >  
+
 1        
,

          
   
  
>         + 
>
       8 
  learning
   0learner1   
          



 3          
+E 
 


   > 8  
      
 8
   >            # 
   >     
     +#   

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Teaching Languages to Young Learners

8          

#  
      + A      

 #   > 
  + +    +
 
 >  > #   +      +
 > > +  > #  +     / 
 / H    >  # 
        

    #   # 8  1    
  >       #   /      
  8    #      E #
  
#
  +
    

  # 
  +  +
#   +  

            
 +
 
   
        #   +
+   *        >       
#  >       
      > 8 +> 

      #
8   8      #    
1 
 
 /   #
 >

#   5>    
#    6
# +
  # E
 +  +  3    
      +#  
  *    >
   #>  / 
  >     
     
  +
   8   
 #
         
 
+ 
         + 
      +  8 +         E 
     #  #>   "# #> 
 #                
   
 

 


1.2.1 The child as active learner

1       #
  
      


 >     I
    

     
#      
 H>
   +    +#    8  

       +   
   >  #
#
   
   +          
+    
 8     +>      

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Children learning a foreign language

/>     

      / 
  
    
   
     
  + > +
  actively constructed +#  
3  #     +E>  
   
 >   +     #>     
      
 8  #> thought is seen as
deriving from actionA    >  
 # 
  >    #       

      
        
"# # 8   >        / 

>   >  
     
 #  #   #    
     
  #* assimilation  accommodation
        
 #   
A         E
  
  
     # @
     > 1
      >    
   >
         , # /
     E
 
 #     
A          
     3        
       
 J      E

0 1  J     
A  1     
     +#      
 
  > 
 # >   
        #    
+
> +
 # +          
      +     
 

  + 0

1>
        
     
 K4 
 -- C 3 

           
     >  1     

      
     /  
 >    2 > 
    

 
 
 >  
     
 
     >    +    # 
 +
  +   8 
>   
     J    
   +
 
 
    J    +
+  
+  #   #     

  

  
  1    +
     + 
/# #>   

    +  8    
 
> 4 .      
   #

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Teaching Languages to Young Learners

      

> +E   
> #
#
   +  #   #    
     > 
  >   

K.   -)'C
 

    1  
> 
#           
       #    # 01 
        #     1
 
   7?    -)6  # -'6 & 
       > #    
  0 1       8
        +   > # 

           

  
      
 
      1      
socialA                 >
      
   
   
   > "# #1    
   #   
 

1.2.2 Implications of Piagetian theory for language learning

The child as sense-maker

3       #        
   >  
        
   +E   .  1    
K C actively tries to make sense of the world    
<
 >               # # >
   purposes and intentions*   to do K. 
  -)'* '(> # C
:  
    
    #  
   > +        
      1    
 @ 
   0sense-makers1> +
     
+#  >   # 
   #    
    
     
 

 
+ 

The world as offering opportunities for learning

8   1     
  
+E    >  
  
>      

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Children learning a foreign language

          

   

        
    #
  +      >     
           

     
     0  1
        affordances 
 
  
          
KF+  -)-C*   >   
 +>   0 1 
     / >   +>    0 1    
+
  

  

1.3.1 The child as social

"# #1        1    
   
        1   

"# #1  #  
#          
  
 >        + 0  


 #1>       
  
  
 
     1 / 
  
  #        
    
  
         > 

  
            

 
     #+  
    + 
       # #
 
 #>           # 
   
>   +      
 0 1>   
  #      

     +
 K3 -'$C 
  
    
     # >  / 
#  
 > +     
* Turn left then right at the roundabout   
8    #        

> "# # K-( C 
 
    
   1 
  + 
 
 > +
     #   *    # juice>
H #  I want some more juice  my juice has spilt  
1 
  >   
 
   +
+     
   +# 
  
     
  
7# "# #  #    +  

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Teaching Languages to Young Learners

           >     

    >        + 
3                
+E>   "# #           
 
  
    #        
> + +E      >   #
 +
 #>   >  <
  8    
 #> 
 mediate          + 

 +#   
 
      
  
  3    
>   

 
    #    


 > 1 
      ++#    
           
      > 
++# # + +            
   
 
    
> +
   <
      /
       
 
 #   ++#  
/
  +# 
     ++#1  
   /
   8  #> 
        ++#

+   +# >   ++#   

 
 
                & 
   ++#       +      
   +# 
 
 
    ++# 
#  #> 
 E
         L

    / >     ++#  # +

  <
  >    
#

      
A /             ++#1 zone of
proximal development K  M.C 3    +    
     # 0
1     
  #     >   
  
        #     M.
"# #
     M.      
01 @  
  +#     
 > "# # 
    + 
 +#
        .    
       
       


       #    
    
+   +    / 
    
>     +#  
 
 +
# +  #         
   
# 9  + +     
  +
   + + 
   
 8   
 >  
          <
 * Do you
like swimming?  + 
    <
  9

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Children learning a foreign language

 # + + 

      
#  #
Do you like drinking orange juice?    # + + 
 Do you like swimming?  #   
  
+
  
# 8  >  M.>      
     
  A > "# # 
>  
 

 
    +#
         +   +#
   
 "# #     /   
     >      
   

#>  
#  #       
    
     
  

   +  >     >  
internalisation 3 K-'$C      
"# #    E
   +
     A + +
  +
    <
#    + + 
  8    >  interpersonal> E   
E  #>  +  intrapersonal>    +# 



1.3.2 Implications of Vygotskyan theory for language learning

Words and meanings

     word 
  +  # +#   
   "# #1   K   666C 2 > 8
+        /     
 

      + 

    
 / 
   #         

9          
 +#  
 +E  #    
>      
+   / 
      >  

      
      > 
 

  #   +  # # #   

       
 
  +#  
   <
# 

 +#  
 
>  
 #  
 
   
 / 
  +

   +#      +

   +
 
 ++     
     

The zone of proximal development

4#  "# #1      
    
       
   8   

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Teaching Languages to Young Learners

    
  >  
     

   what next it is the child can learnA    
 +            
 
 +#

 8    8        #
             M. 3   
         #        

         

Learning as internalisation

       +
    

        

  
 
/
 
# +#   
>      
   +     
 1 
 
  

! "

1.4.1 Scaffolding and routines

  &
> 
              >
      

 
     
          + K&
 -'!> --6C

 
     #
  #>     +
    /
     ++#   + >
 + + scaffolding K3 > &
  @  -)(C 8 
      >    
 #        *
. #       A
. # /  >  +# +      A
. #            +#
        A
. #  
            
#       A
. #     1 
  
  A
. #         
4  >      
       
E
    +     ,   +
      J
  3  K--'C

      1   
 #*

'

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Children learning a foreign language

+ 
Teachers can help children to By

     


  /
   
 
 

  
 
+  +
  
+        
 
  J  

(from Wood 1998)

5      +   

 

     helping children attend to what is important  
 

  >    
   5 
 
+
 0 1 K , --6C 8     
+         +   > 
         # +     
3 #  
          
 #  
>
 #   + +          

  +
       # &
>   
     > +
  #  
     
     

         E     
&
     


    
   
    formats and routines
  
     
    >   +  
#    
     &
1  

    
 
          ++#   K
 F    --'C 8        > + 
+
  /      
>   +
 
 +
   
          

 
8 
     +     
K&
    C>  
  
        #      *  
   1     
  # + >   
 
         >  #  + 
      
   > +
  +  
 3    

  #>   # 

  3 # #
 > 
     
> +    +E   
 

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-77434-5 - Teaching Languages to Young Learners
Lynne Cameron
Excerpt
More information

Teaching Languages to Young Learners

     

 >  <
    +

 > 
  Look at the clown. He's got a big nose, hasn't
he?
   + 
   +# +       

* Where's the clown? and where's his big nose?   
  >   1 +       
E    
   9 #      > 


 +#   
      > 
 /#

 
   >  +#  
>    

 +      +#  
    
        + 
  

           
  E  > +#
  +#
   >   /   #    + 
>    # + 
  >   
  

     >   #    # 
 
   <
  +
  

  # / >
     #     #  
  
 >   #    #   
     #         
 
#   
>         
#        
   
> 

  +   
> +
   
01           
 H

 space for growth #   1 N  
    &
 
   
  
E
         
    


1.4.2 Routines in the language classroom

   
  >       

>   # #> #    
  

   9   
 +   
> 
  
        
  
>  
 #  +#    *  
>        >  +
 >

     A     +    + >
    
+ 
 

 
 
    

1 A  #    > George, please give out
the scissors. Margaret, please give out the paper
    
#        
#   
  
   > +
  
    #  
    #         
* Sam,

6

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org