Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Profesor:
Ing. Cesar Osorio
17/01/2018
Magnitudes Físicas
𝜙′ = 𝜙
Ejemplo de tales cantidades en la física son: Temperatura,
distancia, y el tiempo en la mecánica clásica, etc.
𝑣⃗ = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝛿𝑖
𝑖=1
𝜏 = ∑ ∑ 𝜏𝑖𝑗 𝛿𝑖 𝛿𝑗
𝑖 𝑗
Representación matricial
PRODUCTO PUNTO ( )
𝛿𝑖 𝛿𝑗 = 𝛿𝑖𝑗
1, 𝑆𝑖 𝑖 = 𝑗
𝛿𝑖𝑗 = {
0, 𝑆𝑖 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
𝑉 = ∑31 𝑣𝑖 𝛿𝑖 𝑊 = ∑31 𝑤𝑗 𝛿𝑗
3 3 3 3
𝑉 . W = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝛿𝑖 . ∑ 𝑤𝑗 𝛿𝑗 = ∑ ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝑤𝑗 𝛿𝑖 𝛿𝑗
𝑖=1 𝑗=1 𝑖=1 𝑗=1
𝑤𝑗 𝛿𝑖 𝛿𝑗 = 𝑤𝑖
Queda:
3
𝑉 W = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝑤𝑖
𝑖=1
Gradiente:
3 3
𝑑
∇= ∑ 𝛿𝑖 , 𝑉 = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝛿𝑖
𝑑𝑋𝑖
𝑖=1 1
3 3 3 3
𝑑 𝑑
∇. V = ∑ 𝛿𝑖 . ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝛿𝑖 = ∑ ∑ .𝑣 𝛿 .𝛿
𝑑𝑋𝑖 𝑑𝑋𝑖 𝑗. 𝑖 𝑗
𝑖=1 1 𝑖=1 𝑗=1
3
𝑑 𝑑𝑉1 𝑑𝑉2 𝑑𝑉3
∇. V = ∑ . 𝑣𝑖 = + +
𝑑𝑋𝑖 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑖=1
PRODUCTO CRUZ (X):
𝑉 = ∑31 𝑣𝑖 𝛿𝑖 𝑊 = ∑31 𝑤𝑗 𝛿𝑗
3 3 3 3
𝑉 𝑥 W = ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝛿𝑖 𝑥 ∑ 𝑤𝑗 𝛿𝑗 = ∑ ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝑤𝑗 𝜹𝒊 𝒙𝜹𝒋
𝑖=1 𝑗=1 𝑖=1 𝑗=1
3 3 3 3 3 3
𝑉 𝑥 W = ∑ ∑ 𝑣𝑖 𝑤𝑗 . ∑ 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘 𝛿𝑘 = ∑ ∑ ∑ 𝑣𝑖 . 𝑤𝑗 . 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑘 . 𝛿𝑘
𝑖=1 𝑗=1 𝑘=1 𝑖=1 𝑗=1 𝑘=1
1)
3 3
∑ ∑ 𝑣1 𝑤𝑗 𝜀1𝑗𝑘 𝛿𝑘
𝑗=1 𝑘=1
3 3 3
2)
3 3
∑ ∑ 𝑣2 𝑤𝑗 𝜀2𝑗𝑘 𝛿𝑘
𝑗=1 𝑘=1
3 3 3
3)
3 3
∑ ∑ 𝑣3 𝑤𝑗 𝜀3𝑗𝑘 𝛿𝑘
𝑗=1 𝑘=1
3 3 3
QUEDA:
ROJO = +
AZUL= -
𝑉 𝑥 W = 𝑣1 𝑤2 𝛿3 + 𝑣2 𝑤2 𝛿3 + 𝑣3 𝑤2 𝛿3 −(𝑣1 𝑤3 𝛿2 + 𝑣2 𝑤3 𝛿2 + 𝑣3 𝑤3 𝛿2 )
PRODUCTO DOBLE PUNTO (:):
𝒅
𝝉 = ∑𝟑𝒊=𝟏 ∑𝟑𝑱=𝟏 𝝉𝒊𝒋 𝜹𝒊 𝜹𝒋 𝛁. 𝐕 = ∑𝟑𝒌=𝟏 𝜹𝒌 . ∑𝟑𝒍=𝟏 𝒗𝒍 𝜹𝒍
𝒅𝒌
𝜹𝒊 𝜹𝒋 : 𝜹𝒌 𝜹𝒍 = 𝜹𝒊𝒍 : 𝜹𝒋𝒌
𝝉 : V:?
𝒅
𝝉 : V = ∑𝟑𝒊=𝟏 ∑𝟑𝑱=𝟏 𝝉𝒊𝒋 𝜹𝒊 𝜹𝒋 ∶ ∑𝟑𝒌=𝟏 𝜹𝒌 . ∑𝟑𝒍=𝟏 𝒗𝒍 𝜹𝒍
𝒅𝒌
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝒅
𝝉 ∶ 𝑽 = ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ 𝝉𝒊𝒋 . 𝒗 .𝜹 𝜹 :𝜹 𝜹
𝒅𝒌 𝒍 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 𝒍
𝒊=𝟏 𝑱=𝟏 𝒌=𝟏 𝒍=𝟏
𝟑
𝒅
𝝉 ∶ 𝑽 = ∑ 𝝉𝒊𝒋 . 𝒗 .𝜹 :𝜹
𝒅𝒌 𝒍 𝒊𝒍 𝒋𝒌
𝒊𝒋𝒌𝒍
𝒊 = 𝒍 ;𝒋 = 𝒌
𝟑 𝟑
𝒅𝑽𝒊
𝝉 ∶ 𝑽 = ∑ ∑ 𝝉𝒊𝒋 .
𝒅𝒋
𝒊 𝒋
OPERACIÓN RESULTADO
∑ −𝟐
X ∑ −𝟏
: ∑ −𝟒
EJEMPLOS:
𝝉 ∇= Rango 2 + Rango 1 = ∑ = 3
𝟑 − 𝟐 = 𝟏 (𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒐 𝟏) 𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑶𝑹
𝒘 (∇ X V)
PROBLEMAS APLICATIVOS :
[→ .→] =→
𝜹 𝒗 𝒗
SOLUCION:
1 0 0
Si →= |0 1 0| = ∑𝑖 ∑𝑗→→ 𝛿𝑖𝑗
𝛿 𝛿𝑖 𝛿𝑗
0 0 1
y →= ∑𝑘 𝑣𝑘 𝛿⃗𝑘
𝑣
Si 𝑖 = 𝑗 = 𝑘 , entonces 𝛿𝑖𝑗 = 1
SOLUCION
𝜇⃗ = ∑ 𝜇𝑖 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑖
𝑖
𝑣⃗ = ∑ 𝑣𝑗 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑗
𝑗
⃗⃗⃗ = ∑ 𝑤𝑘 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑤 𝛿𝑘
𝑘
𝑧⃗ = ∑ 𝑧𝑙 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑙
𝑙
𝜇𝑣 = ∑ 𝜇𝑖 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑖 . ∑ 𝑣𝑗 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑗 = ∑ ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑖 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑗 𝜇𝑖 𝑣𝑗
𝑖 𝑗 𝑖 𝑗
𝑤𝑧 = ∑ 𝑤𝑘 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑘 . ∑ 𝑧𝑙 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑙 = ∑ ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑘 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑙 𝑤𝑘 𝑧𝑙
𝑘 𝑙 𝑘 𝑙
= ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ 𝜇𝑖 𝑣𝑗 𝑤𝑘 𝑧𝑙 ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑖 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑗 : ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑘 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑙 )
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑙
= ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ 𝜇𝑖 𝑣𝑗 𝑤𝑘 𝑧𝑙 ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑖𝑙 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑗𝑘 )
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑙
= (∑ ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑖𝑙 𝜇𝑖 𝑧𝑙 ) (∑ ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑗𝑘 𝑣𝑗 𝑤𝑘 )
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑙
⃗⃗ : 𝛁𝒗
(𝒔𝜹 ⃗⃗) = s (𝛁 𝒗
⃗⃗)
SOLUCION:
Sabemos que:
𝜕
∇= ∑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑘
𝜕𝑥𝑘
𝑘
𝑣⃗ = ∑ 𝛿⃗𝑙 𝑣𝑙
𝑙
𝜕
(𝑠.𝛿⃗ : ∇. 𝑣⃗)= s ( ∑𝑖 ∑𝑗 𝛿⃗𝑖 𝛿⃗𝑗 𝛿𝑖𝑗 ) : ((∑𝑘 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛿𝑘 ) ∑𝑙 𝛿⃗𝑙 𝑣𝑙 )
𝜕𝑥𝑘
𝜕
(𝑠.𝛿⃗ : ∇. 𝑣⃗)= s ( ∑𝑖 ∑𝑗 𝛿⃗𝑖 𝛿⃗𝑗 𝛿𝑖𝑗 ) : (∑𝑘 ∑𝑙 𝛿⃗𝑘 𝛿⃗𝑙 𝑣𝑙 )
𝜕𝑥𝑘
𝜕
(𝑠.𝛿⃗ : ∇. 𝑣⃗)= s (∑𝑖 ∑𝑗 ∑𝑘 ∑𝑙 𝛿𝑖𝑗 (𝛿⃗𝑖 𝛿⃗𝑗 ∶ 𝛿⃗𝑘 𝛿⃗𝑙 ) 𝑣𝑙 )
𝜕𝑥𝑘
𝜕
(𝑠.𝛿⃗ : ∇. 𝑣⃗)= s (∑𝑖 ∑𝑗 ∑𝑘 ∑𝑙 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝛿𝑖𝑙 𝛿𝑗𝑘 𝑣𝑙 )
𝜕𝑥𝑘
𝜕
(𝑠.𝛿⃗ : ∇. 𝑣⃗)= s (∑𝑖 ∑𝑗 ∑𝑘 ∑𝑙 𝛿𝑖𝑖 𝛿𝑗𝑗 𝛿⃗𝑘 𝛿⃗𝑙 𝑣𝑙 )
𝜕𝑥𝑘
𝜕
(𝑠.𝛿⃗ : ∇. 𝑣⃗)= s (∑𝑖 𝛿⃗𝑘 . ∑𝑖 𝛿⃗𝑘 𝑣𝑙 )
𝜕𝑥𝑘
(𝑠.𝛿⃗ : ∇. 𝑣⃗) = s ( ∇ . 𝑣⃗ )