ME 412: Project 5

Due date: 6 May 2015 (midnight)

This project will involve developing a computer program for two-dimensional unsteady
recirculating flows with constant properties (density and viscosity).

Project Statement:

Develop a computer program to solve the two-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations for
an elliptic flow in a square cavity with top wall sliding at a given velocity. Use first order time
and second-order space discretizations. Use an explicit time discretization scheme for both
convection and diffusion, and a pressure-Poisson equation for determining the pressure field at
the new time step. Use a collocated scheme for velocities but formulate the pressure equation to
avoid checkerboard splitting. After verifying that the code is working, apply the computer
program to study the development of the flow in a square cavity with top wall moving. Use any
one of your favorite schemes for solving the pressure equation (Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel or SOR).

Perform calculations for three Reynolds numbers: 50, 100, and 400 using grids of 40 x 40 grid
intervals (42 x 42 finite difference points). Use cavity dimensions 1 m × 1 m, lid velocity 1 m/s
and density 1 kg/m^3. Adjust viscosity to match the Reynolds number. Converge the pressure
Poisson equation to 1.0e-4 in mass residuals (sum of absolute values of duhat/dx + dvhat/dy) at
every time step.

Plot the following quantities:

a. Contours of u and v velocity for the three Reynolds numbers at 4 time intervals separated
reasonably well apart.

b. Contours of u and v velocity at steady state for the three Reynolds numbers.

c. Streamlines or velocity vectors for the three Re at steady state.

d. u-velocity profile on vertical centerline and v-velocity profile on horizontal centerline for
the three Re at steady state.

e. Compare your results with published results in literature and comment on any differences
observed.

Write a detailed report with the problem description, equations solved, discretization,
numerical algorithm and the results of calculations.
Supplementary guidelines

I suggest that you consider coarse grids and low Reynolds numbers first to test the code. You
can first try Re = 50 with a 20 x 20 grid. Perform a fixed number of iterations on pressure
equation, say 100, with omega = 1.6 for the SOR. Use fixed dt = 0.01 and integrate to 1000 time
steps, i.e. to 10 time units. See if your code converges and the streamlines look correct. Plot
some transient values and steady state values to check if they look correct.

Error criterion:

For every time step, start the SOR on the pressure Poisson equation with the pressures at the old
time step. This will save several iterations to convergence. Then calculate the error at any
iteration as:

R = ( sum (LHS-RHS) 2 )1/2 / (Nx . Ny) summation over all points.

Converge pressure equation to the residual value less than 1.0e-4.

To check steady state, monitor the change in the velocity field by calculating the residual as:

R = ( sum (unew - uold) 2 )1/2 / (Nx . Ny) summation over all points.

Consider steady state when R is less than 1.0e-5. Or a minimum of 10 time units.
Report and Grading rubric:
Write a neat report with following items:
1. State all the partial-differential equations solved and the boundary conditions:
(include sketch of the geometry) 10

2. Write the finite-difference form of the equations, including the discretization at the
boundary. 10
3. Describe the solution algorithm, convergence criterion and the runs performed. 10

Results:
Perform a series of calculations, as follows: 50
Re = 50, use grid of 20 x 20 intervals
Re = 100, use a grid of 40 x 40 intervals
Re = 200, use a grid of 40 x 40 intervals
Then make the following plots:
For four (4) time levels, of t = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 10.0 (or steady state):
a) Streamlines
b) Contours of pressure
c) x-velocity on vertical centerline and y-velocity on horizontal centerline for all
time levels.
Discuss your results and any comparisons with previous researchers 10
References and neatness 10
Total 100