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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL


ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
EXAMINATION, MAY 1994

131/1 PHYSICS PAPER 1


(For Both School and Private Candidates)

TIME: 3 Hours.

Instructions

1. Answer ALL questions.

2. The marks for each question or part thereof are given in brackets.

3. Mathematical tables and slide rules may be used.

4. Remember to write your index Number on every page of your answer book provided.

5. Constants given below may be useful.

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8ms-2


Density of oil, ρ = 900kgm-3
Velocity of sound in air, Vs = 330ms-1
Avogadros Number NA = 6.023 x 1023 atoms/kg Mole
Surface tension of water, H2O = 7.26 x 10-2Nm-1
Viscosity of air, η = 1.8 x 10-5N6m-2
Relative Molecular Mass of Helium = 4
Universal Gas Constant, R = 8.31 Jmol-1K-1
Electron charge to Mass ratio e/m = 1.8 x 1011 Ckg-1
Plank’s constant, h = 6.6 x 10-34 Js
Mass of electron, m = 9.1 x 10-31 kg.
Charge of electron e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
1 a.m.u = 931 MeV
Velocity of light in free space, c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1
Permitivity of free space, Eo = 8.854 x 10-12 F1m-1
Permeability of free space, µo = 4Pie x 10-7 Hm-1
Stefan-Bolitzmann Constant, = 5.67 x 10-8 Wm-2K-4
Pie π = 3.14

This paper consists of 6 printed pages.


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1. (a) Distinguish between a free orbit and a parking orbit around the earth
(2)
(b) Assuming Newton’s law of Universal gravitation, derive Kepler’s third law
of Planetary motion.
2. (a) When a wire is stretched it behaves at first elastically and then plastically
until it finally breaks.
Explain what happens to the energy used to stretch the wire at each
stage. (2)
(b) a wire of length 5.0 m of uniform cross section and of radius 1.0mm
extended by 1.5mm when subjected to a uniform tension of 100 Newton’s.
Calculate the strain energy per unit volume stored in the wire , assuming
that Hooke’s law is obeyed in the process. (3)

3. The engines of a jet aircraft flying at 250ms-1 take in 800m3 of air per second at an
operating height at which the density of the air is 0.50 kgm-3. The air is used to
burn the fuel at the rate of 10kgs-1 and the exhaust gases (including incoming air)
are ejected at 500ms-1 relative the aircraft. What is the thrust ? (5)

4. (a) Why doesn’t water contained in a bucket fall off when the bucket is whirled
in a vertical plane ?
(b) A gramophone record rotates at 33½ r.p.m and has a radius of 0.15m.
Determine:
(i) its angular velocity
(ii) the speed of a point on its circumference
(iii) the speed of a point midway between its centre and its circumference.
(3)
5. (a) What does I mean by :
(i) stream line flow
(ii) incompressible fluid and
(iii) non viscous fluid ? (3)
(b) A lawn sprinkler has 20 holes each of cross sectional area 2.0 x 10-2cm2
and is connected to a hose – pipe of cross sectional are 2.4cm2. If the
speed of water in the hose pipe is 1.5ms-1, estimate the speed of the
water as it emerges from the holes. (2)

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6. (a) Assuming you are managing a Metal Box Company , what requirements
for thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and coefficient of
expansion would you want a material to be used as a cooking utensil to
satisfy ?
(b) A hot water boiler consists of iron walls of thickness 2.0 cm and effective
inner area of 2.5 m2. The boiler is heater by a furnace and generates high-
pressure steam of temperature 170 C at the rate of 1.2kg/min. The latest
heat of steam at 170 C is 2.09 x 106 Jkg-1. Assuming the inner face of the
boiler to be at the temperature of 178 C, what is the coefficient of thermal
conductivity of iron ?
7. (a) Explain the differences between progressive and stationary waves. (2)
(b) A progressive and a stationary wave each has the same frequency of 250
Hz and the same velocity of 30ms-1. Determine:
(i) the phase difference between two vibrating points on the progressive
wave which are 10cm apart; (1)
(ii) the distance between nodes in the stationary wave; (1)
(iii) the equation of the progressive wave if its amplitude is 0.03m. (1)
8. (a) Define electric intensity and electric potential. (1)
(b) An electron is liberated from the lower of two large parallel metal plates
separated by a distance h = 20mm. The upper plate has a potential of
2400V relative to the lower. How long does the electron take to reach it?
(3)
9. (a) Explain, giving reasons, what will happen if two bubbles of bubbles of
unequal radii are joined by a tube without bursting them. (2)
(b) A vertical tube of radius 1mm is connected by tubing to form a U-tube with
a vertical tube of radius 0.5mm. Oil of density 800kgm-3 is then poured into
the U-tube. Calculate the difference in levels in the two tubes if the surface
tension of the oil is 0.05 Nm-1 and angle of contact is 20o.
10. (a) What is radiation ? (1)
(b) Assuming the total surface of the human body is 1.2m2 and the surface
temperature is 30oC , find the total rate of radiation of energy from the
human body. (4)
11. (a) State Kirchhorff’s rules for electrical networks. (2)

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11. Cont.
(b) (i) Find the potential difference between points a and b in the circuit
below. (Fig. 1) (1)
E1 -12V

r1 = 1Ω
3Ω
+ E2 = 10V
a b
r2 = 1Ω 2Ω

4Ω

(ii) What is the potential difference across the 2n resistor if a and b were
connected (shorted) ? (2)
12. (a) Define the following :
(i) Capacitative reactance
(ii) inductive reactance (2)
(b) Show that the resonant frequency , Wo, of an R-L-C series circuit is given by
Wo = √ 1/LC (3)
Where L and C are the inductance and capacitance respectively.
13. Protons, with charge to mass ratio of 1.0 x 108 Ckg-1, are revolved in a circular
orbit of radius r when they enter a inform magnetic field of 0.5 T.
(a) Show that the number of revolutions per second, f is independent of r. (3)
(b) Calculate the value of f. (2)
14. (a) Write of length l has N electrons each of mass m and charge e. obtain an
expression for the drift velocity v of the electrons in terms of the current l
passing through the wire , L, N and e. (3)
(b) Find the momentum acquired by the electrons in 40cm of the wire when a
current of 2A starts to flow.

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15. (a) Define the terms : angle of inclination (dip) and angle of declination
(variation) as used in specifying the earth’s magnetic field at any point. (2)
(b) The earth’s total resultant flux density Br in a certain country is found to be
5.0 x 10-5T. Calculate:
16. Helium gas occupied a volume of 0.04m3 at a pressure of 2 x 105 Pa (Nm-2) and
temperature of 300K. Calculate
(a) the mass of helium. (2)
(b) the r.m.s speed of its molecules. (2)
(c) the r.m.s speed at 432K when the gas is heated at constant pressure to
this temperature. (1)
17. (a) Most modern vacuum tubes use indirectly heated cathode. This cathode is
usually covered (coated) with an oxide layer which has a very low work
function. Why is this better than using a clean piece of metal for the
cathode?
(b)

When the grid potential in the circuit shown in fig.2 is -5.0 V the ammeter A reads 2.5mA,
when the grid potential is changed to -5.4 V, the ammeter reads 2.0mA.
Calculate the plate potential in each case. (3)

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18. Fig. 3 represents the equivalent circuit of a triode valve.


(a) What do the symbols ra, U ad &Vg stand for ? (1½)
(b) Using this equivalent circuit, show that the voltage amplification, A, is
given by the equation:
A = U / 1+ (rA/R)

rA µδVg

19. (a) (i) What is meant by half life of a radioactive element ? (1)
(ii) Draw a labeled sketch of the relation N- Noe-Yt to illustrate your answer
in a (i).
(b) The initial number of atoms in a radioactive element is 6.0 x 1020 and its
half life is 10 hours. Calculate.
(i) the number of atoms that have decayed in 30 hours. (2)
(ii) the amount of energy liberated if the energy liberated per atom is
4.0 x 10-13 J (1)
20. (a) (i) Name the lowest layer of the atmosphere and the lowest layer of the
ionosphere. (2)
(ii) State the importance of each of these layers. (2)
(b) What is the ozone layer? (1)

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