Ecuación de los gases perfectos PV = nRT Relación de Mayer c p − cv = R

Primer principio dQ = dW + dU = PdV + ncv dT cp

TERMODINAMICA
dQ PdV ncv dT nRdV ncv dT Coeficiente adiabático γ =
Entropía dS = = + = + cv
T T T V T
Ecuación Trabajo Calor Energía interna Entropía Diagrama
Clapeyron
T2
∆S1→2 = nc p L = P
T1
Isóbaro V1 T1 W1→2 = P(V2 − V1 ) = Q1→2 = nc p (T2 − T1 ) ∆U 1→2 = ncv (T2 − T1 )
( dP = 0 ) = V2
V2 T2 = nR(T2 − T1 ) = nc p L
( P = Cte ) V1 V

T2
∆S1→2 = ncv L = P
T1
Isócoro P1 T1 W1→2 = 0 Q1→2 = ncv (T2 − T1 ) ∆U 1→2 = ncv (T2 − T1 )
( dV = 0 ) = P2
P2 T2 = nc v L
( V = Cte ) P1
V

V2 P
∆S1→2 = nRL =
V1
Isotermo V2 P1 V2 P2 ∆U 1→2 = 0
( dT = 0 ) P1V1 = P2V2 = nRT W = nRT L = nRT L Q = nRT L = nRT L P1
1→ 2
V1 P2
1→ 2
V1 P2 = nRL
( T = Cte ) P2
V

P
P1V1γ = P2V2γ W1→2 = ncv (T1 − T2 ) =
Adiabático
T1V1γ −1 = T2V2γ −1 P2V2 − P1V1 Q1→2 = 0 ∆U 1→2 = ncv (T2 − T1 ) ∆S1→2 = 0
( dQ = 0 ) =
1−γ 1−γ 1−γ
(Q = 0 ) TP γ
= T2 P γ
1 1 2
V