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1 15 To explain CHANGING TREND IN HOSPITALIZATION By By listening CHART Students are

min the changing discussion well
trend in Old Concepts respond.
hospitalizatio
n in cold
 Disease (centered care)
concepts and
new concepts  The families on neglect of the female child,
discourage the female activities.
 Care of the women after becoming pregnant.
 Special care during the last trimester and the
post natal period to the child born with
congenital anomalies and hereditary disorders.
 Caring of child after the birth only.
 Care of the sick children in the hospital.
 Care the physical condition of the child in
hospital only.
 Not allowed parent to be with the child in the
hospital and reducing the visitor hours.
 One of illness oriented.
 Only cleanliness and treatment oriented.
 Curative and rehabilitative care to the children
in hospital only.
 Adopt the indifferent attitude to child neglect
and abuse by family and society.
 Caring the health of the child from the day of
conception.
 Participate in the prevention of illness and
health promotion activities.
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 Comprehensive cares of child in his name

through community health centers.
 Ensuring that the children must have stay with
them and participate in the care, flexible
visiting hours in pediatric ward.
 One of health oriented.
 Warmth and love oriented.
 Health promotion activities by ensuring
environmental stimulation.

New Concepts

 Child centered care

 Take care of female child with immunization
of tetanus.
 Health education or Planned Parenthood and
doing the maternal health assessment before
conception.
 Early identification and family counseling
based on bio chemical screening and
chromosomal studies it helps to prevent
congenital anomalies and hereditary disorders
in children
 Ion and intelligent manipulation of the
environment, adequate play activities service
related to the fertility, sex, education and
counseling.
 Safe guarding and protect the children rights
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by health providing, cultural practice and lows
encouraging.

TRENDS IN CHILD HEALTH CARE By By listening LCD Students are

2 10 To explain explaining getting the
min the trends in topic.
child health Historically the concept of pediatrics was limited to
care the curative aspects of disease peculiar to the
children, Hippocrates (460-370BC) made many
significant observations on disease found in children
and devoted a great part of his treaties to children.
Galen of Rome (1200-1300AD) devoted much of his
treatise to the subject of childhood illness.

The first printed book on pediatrics was in

Italian (1472) by Bagllarder’s “Little Book on
Disease in Children” . the first English book on
Children’s disease was “Book of Children” written by
Thomas Phaer (1545 AD).

 The world first pediatricians were two Indians,

Kashyapa and Jeevaka of sixth century
development of influences the changing
concept of health. Health exists when an
individual meets minimum physical,
physiological, intellectual, and psychological
and sex level.

 Modern concept of child health emphasizes on

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continuous care of whole child. According to
UNICEF assistance for meeting the needs of
children should no longer be restricted to only
own aspect like nutrition, but it should be
broad based on geared to their long-term
personal development ensuring holistic health
care of children BC. Their pioneering works
on child care and childhood disease are as
relevant today as many of the modern concepts
of child health.

Sushruta also wrote many aspects of

child rearing and charka wrote about care and
management of newborn.

 Child health care has changed dramatically in

recent years due to advances in medical
knowledge and understanding of emotional
response of children advancement of
understanding of different aspect of human
services in our country.

 Interest of the political leaders and

understanding the importance of child health
constitution of national health policy for
children and implementation of various health
programs for improvement of child health are
great achievements for children.
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 Growth of sub-specialties for the super –
specialized care of children is recent trend.
The sub-areas are neonatology, perinatology,
pediatric surgery, pediatric, cardiology,
pediatric neurology, pediatrics.

 At present in child health care more emphasis

give on preventive approaches rather that
curative care only. Primary health care concept
with team approach and multidisciplinary
collaboration are adopted for child care.

 In developed countries child health care

extended up to adolescent, whereas in
developing countries and in India, child care is
extended upto 10 to 12 year of age. Recently
special emphasis is give on adolescent health
through RCH package threats to health, which
are responsible for high incidence of infectious
disease in developing countries. Ignorance and
female illiteracy act as additional factor.
Preventive pediatrics consists of efforts by the
health care provides to avoid, rather than care,
disease and disability in children through
health promotion and prevention activities.
This includes good sanitation, effective public
health measure and immunizations.
Preventive health care is a
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continuum the includes primary, secondary,
and tertiary prevention.
Psychology, child psychiatry, pediatric
intensive care unit, neonatal intensive care unit
etc.

 Medical science is advancing in every

moments so child health will also progress by
various movements towards the aim to
improve the survival and well being of all
children as per WHO theme of the year 2005,
“Healthy mothers and Health children”.

3 10min To explain PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS By By listening LCD Students are

he preventive explanation getting the
pediatrics Contaminated water and lack of sewage system, topic.
malnutrition, overpopulation and poor housing are
some of the major primary prevention is directed at
avoiding disorders before they begin. Examples are
chlorination of water, addition of iodine to salt,
tetanus immunization and counseling the parents
about keeping poisonous and drugs out of reach of
children.

SECONDARY PREVENTION

Secondary prevention measure in which as

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condition is identified early and effective treatment is
instituted to care and prevent further progress of the
illness.

TERTIARY PREVENTIONS

Tertiary preventions is directed at ameliorating

or halting disabilities from established disease. An
example is providing physiotherapy to a patient of
poliomyelitis. A nurse can play and integral part in
protecting children’s health at all three levels as:

i) Direct provides of preventive services.

ii) Coordinator of services.
iii) Leader in developing community base
programs.
iv) Advocate for child health.

4 1min To explain By By listening LCD Students are

eh essential ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE explanation well
newborn care respond.
Essential new born care is the first step towards
establishing an effective chain to reduce infant
mortality and increase the national output.

5 1min To explain By By listening LCD Students are

the PROMOTION OF BREAST FEEDING. explanation getting the
promotion of topic.
breast Promotion of breast feeding in the community
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feeding. essentially protects children from their two biggest
enemies i.e. infection and malnutrition.

6 2min To explain By By listening LCD Students are

IMMUNIZATION
the explanation well
immunizatio respond
n Immunization organization planning and
execution of immunization services is the cardinal
preventive measure for control many life threatening
of disabling communicable illness.

By By listening LCD Students are

7 2min To explain GROWTH MONITORING explanation getting the
the growth topic.
monitoring Growth monitoring is considered to be the
fundamental tool for early detection of childhood
morbidity.

Community child health services should seek

to promote good healthy immunization, heath
education and counseling child health clinics should
form part of primary health care.