Subject LD650AD: General Pathology

Topic No. 1 Title Infectious Diseases: Laboratory

Lecturer Dr. Abelardo Alera
Transcriber Martin Phyl T. Nuñez Date January 16, 2018

Pyogenic Abscess (Liver) Slide 86 Nematodes Slide 18

Organism: Staph/Strep Transmission: Local/Hematogenous Organism: Ascariasis/Trichuriasis Transmission: Local

Problem: Septicemia, Jaundice= Liver problem Problem: RLQ pain, Acute appendicitis
Gross: Multiple minute cavities with pus (subpleural) Microscopic: within the lumen ascaris and tricuris ova admixed with fecaloid material
Microsections: collections of pus surrounded by fibrous tissue
Description for abscess:
 PMNs
 Fibrin clot
 Necrotic debris
Biliary tract disease- most common source of pyogenic liver abscess

*Remember: Liver: Abscess (description above), Schistosomiasis (ova) and Typhoid nodule
Lungs: Pulmonary TB, Miliary TB, and Lymphadenitis
 TB of the Lungs Slide 23 Schistosomiasis/ Bilharziasis (Liver) Slide 48

Organism: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission: Airborne Organism: Schistosoma japonicum cercariae Transmission: Direct
Problem: Chronic cough Problem: Pruritus, Katayama fever, cercarial dermatitis
Gross: Consolidation by fibrocaseous lesions, numerous tiny grayish nodules and small cavitations Gross: enlarged nodular liver with a characteristic pipe stern fibrosis
Microscopic: aggregates of epithelioid cells with lymphocytes and plasma cells, Langhan’s giant cells Microscopic: Schistosoma eggs are seen in the portal areas as well in the periphery of the lobules.
also present, central area of caseation necrosis Inflammatory infiltrates composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, multinucleated cells and
fibroblasts.

Human Papilloma Virus (Cervix) Slide 144 Typhoid Nodule Typhoid Ileitis

Organism: Verruca vulgaris nonenveloped virus Transmission: Sexual Organism: Salmonella typhi gram negative Transmission: Fecal-oral
Problem: warts Problem: fever, abdominal pain and hematochezia
Microscopic: markedly thickened squamous epithelium characterized by papillomatous epidermis Gross: Multiple mucosal ulcers, oval in shape, ulcers- covered by grayish brown to dark brown, foul-
with hypergranulomatosis and overlying tires of parakeratosis. Diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial smelling exudate
lesions is based on nuclear atypia: variation in nuclear size and shape (raisinoid) Microscopic: marked proliferation of the reticuloendothelial cells (hallmark) and histiocytes,
Erythrophagocytosis, presence of inflammatory cells
*Ileum is the most common site involved by Salmonella*
 Trichomoniasis demo slide Moniliasis (Vagina)

Organism: Trichomonas vaginalis protozoa Transmission: Sexual Organism: Candida albicans fungus Transmission: Sexual
Problem: Strawberry cervix Problem: Itching, erythema and thick white discharge
A cervicovaginal smear showing abundant epithelial and inflammatory cells. Trichomonas protozoa Also called vulvovaginal candidiasis, yeast infection.
appear as oval or round or irregular bodies that stain pale gray. They have slit-like nuclei. Common in reproductive ages but it can occur in any age
 Pear shaped, oval or round cyanophilic organisms, 15 - 30 microns More common in late luteal phase of cycle
 Eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules are often evident 75% of women get Candida infection at some time during their lives
Associated with immunosupression (steroid use, HIV and diabetes), antibiotics, chemotherapy, soaps
 Nucleus is pale, vesicular and eccentrically located
 Flagella are sometimes observed
Amoebic Liver Abscess Slide 38 Poxvirus demo slide

Gross: Amebic abscess of liver Trophozoites

Organism: Entamoeba histolytica protozoa Transmission: Fecal-oral, maybe sexual Organism: Molluscum contagiosum virus Transmission: Skin-to-skin, sexual
Problem: abdominal pain Problem:
Gross: Well circumscribed, firm cavities, usually right sided near liver dome. Initially yellow, later Microscopic: Lobulated endophytic hyperplasia that produces a circumscribed intradermal
odorless, orange brown, pasty, necrotic material resembles anchovy sauce pseudotumor. Molluscum bodies are present (large cells with cytoplasmic, faintly granular
Microscopic: Shaggy necrotic fibrinous zone, granulation tissue, no / rare neutrophils (not actually eosinophilic inclusions that displace nuclei and contain viral particles); made more conspicuous with
an "abscess"), peripheral trophozoites up to 60 microns with small eccentric nucleus and Lendrum’s phloxine tartrazine reaction
cytoplasmic vacuoles that may contain red blood cells. Resemble histiocytes. Adjacent liver has
fibrosis, chronic inflammation and reactive hepatocytes