Chapter One

CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY

Section One. — Treason and espionage
Art. 114. Treason. — Any person who, owing allegiance to (the United States or) the Government
of the Philippine Islands, not being a foreigner, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies,
giving them aid or comfort within the Philippine Islands or elsewhere, shall be punished by
reclusion temporal to death and shall pay a fine not to exceed P20,000 pesos.
No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses at least to the
same overt act or on confession of the accused in open court.
Likewise, an alien, residing in the Philippine Islands, who commits acts of treason as defined in
paragraph 1 of this Article shall be punished by prision mayor to death and shall pay a fine not to
exceed P20,000 pesos. (As amended by E.O. No. 44, May 31, 1945).
Art. 115. Conspiracy and proposal to commit treason; Penalty. — The conspiracy or proposal to
commit the crime of treason shall be punished respectively, by prision mayor and a fine not
exceeding P10,000 pesos, and prision correccional and a fine not exceeding P5,000 pesos.
Art. 116. Misprision of treason. — Every person owing allegiance to (the United States) the
Government of the Philippine Islands, without being a foreigner, and having knowledge of any
conspiracy against them, conceals or does not disclose and make known the same, as soon as
possible to the governor or fiscal of the province, or the mayor or fiscal of the city in which he
resides, as the case may be, shall be punished as an accessory to the crime of treason.
Art. 117. Espionage. — The penalty of prision correccional shall be inflicted upon any person
who:
1. Without authority therefor, enters a warship, fort, or naval or military establishment or
reservation to obtain any information, plans, photographs, or other data of a confidential nature
relative to the defense of the Philippine Archipelago; or
2. Being in possession, by reason of the public office he holds, of the articles, data, or information
referred to in the preceding paragraph, discloses their contents to a representative of a foreign
nation.
The penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed if the offender be a public officer or employee.
Section Two. — Provoking war and disloyalty in case of war

Art. 118. Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals. — The penalty of reclusion temporal shall
be imposed upon any public officer or employee, and that of prision mayor upon any private
individual, who, by unlawful or unauthorized acts provokes or gives occasion for a war involving
or liable to involve the Philippine Islands or exposes Filipino citizens to reprisals on their persons
or property.
Art. 119. Violation of neutrality. — The penalty of prision correccional shall be inflicted upon
anyone who, on the occasion of a war in which the Government is not involved, violates any
regulation issued by competent authority for the purpose of enforcing neutrality.

Art. 120. Correspondence with hostile country. — Any person who in time of war, shall have
correspondence with an enemy country or territory occupied by enemy troops shall be punished:
1. By prision correccional, if the correspondence has been prohibited by the Government;
2. By prision mayor, if such correspondence be carried on in ciphers or conventional signs; and
3. By reclusion temporal, if notice or information be given thereby which might be useful to the
enemy. If the offender intended to aid the enemy by giving such notice or information, he shall
suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal to death.chanrobles virtual law library