Philosophy - Renaissance - Human experience is defined by the
- Emphasis on the human person views, emotions and actions of the
I. Definition of Philosophy - Use of philosophy to understand individual. - society, nature and humanity - Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich - from the Greek word philosophia - Petrarch, Desiderius Erasmus, Nietzche, Martin Heidegger, Jean meaning “love of wisdom” Niccolo Machiavelli, Francois Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir II. Man as a rational being Rabelais viii) Pragmatism - Man is born with dignity iv) Rationalism - Emphasis on the practical use of III. St. Thomas Aquinas’ 5 ways of proving - 17th to 18th century knowledge and ideas God’s existence - The Enlightenment - Charles Peirce, William James, John i) The way of motion (The argument - Reason and logic as the basis of Dewey of the unmoved mover) knowledge and belief ix) Phenomenology ii) The way of Efficient Causes (The - Man has innate knowledge that can - Experience is studied based on the argument of the Uncaused cause) be accessed through intuition or subjective viewpoint of the iii) The argument of Contingency deduction individual iv) The argument from Degrees of - Essence of man - Edmund Husserl Perfection - Rene Descartes, Immanuel Kantz, x) Absurdism v) The argument from Design Gottfried Leibniz - Man will never understand the IV. Western Philosophy v) Empiricism human conditions and the meaning i) Stoicism - Knowledge is gained through the of life - 1st century B.C.E. to 5th century C.E. senses and experience - Albert Camus - Ancient Rome - Reliance on inductive reasoning to - Emphasis on morality, virtue, calm arrive at a generalization and emotional fortitude - David Hume, Francis Bacon, John - Exists because of our belief in the Locke definite end of man (death) and vi) Social and Political Philosophy that they must possess these - Discussion on the ideal human - Seneca, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius situation and society ii) Scholasticism - Emphasis on individual rights and - 5th century to 15th century liberties - Medieval period - Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau, - Application of philosophy to define Thomas Hobbes, John Stuart Mill and explain religious doctrines vii) Existentialism - spirituality - 19th to 20th century - St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Augustine - Modern Period iii) Humanism - 14th to 17th century