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Effect of Stator Reactance on Asynchronous

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Conference Paper · February 2017

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Hengameh Kojooyan Jafari

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 Effect of Stator Reactance on Asynchronous machine parameter determination
Hengameh Kojooyan Jafari

Shiraz University Alumni Association member

Islamic Azad University-Islamshahr Branch, Assistant Professor; kojooyan@iiau.ac.ir

Abstract Is
Rs Xsd
Ir
Xrd
As Dc test has been used for induction machine
stator resistance determination in literature and this Vs Xm Rr /s
test is not a correct test because Ac resistance is
different from Dc resistance according to the (a)
reference, this paper is using induction machine Is
Rs Xsd
parameter determination using no load and rotor
locked tests instead of three tests of literature. The X1d X2d
Vs
main idea is study of stator reactance on the Xm I1 I2
R1/s R2 /s
parameter estimation method. Also according to the
reference paper squirrel-cage induction machine (b)
dynamic model and equations are similar to those Fig. 1. Steady-state star equivalent circuit for the single-cage (a)
of double- cage machine. Then estimated and double-cage (b) models of the squirrel-cage induction motor.[3]
parameters of squirrel-cage are accurately
determined from double-cage model. The
experimental data that are applied in the algorithm
are extracted from reference paper. The algorithm induction motors, demonstrated in Fig.1.a, have the
is applied to a manufacturer data of 10hp double- same behavior as the double cage induction motors
cage induction machine considering different stator in Fig.1.b, the parameter estimation of double cage
reactance for a well estimation from tests results. motors using two tests and MATLAB 2014 is
presented. The squirrel-cage machine which is
Keywords: Induction machine parameter
estimation, Double-cage model, no-load test, rotor- tested for parameters estimation is 10hp induction
locked test, Dc test, stator reactance. motor of rated voltage of 380V and a frequency of
50Hz.
Introduction In This paper after describing the method,
The induction motor parameter determination is estimated parameters of the squirrel-cage motors
estimation of electrical parameters by electrical are presented considering stator reactance
magnitudes; stator currents and voltages and importance.
mechanical magnitude i.e. mechanical speed. In [1]
Dc test is applied for stator resistance determination Double-cage tests parameters determination
that is not a correct test because the resistance is The method determines squirrel-cage parameters,
determined from Dc source and it is different from using two double-cage tests. It means that paper [9]
the resistance that is determined from Ac source simplifies method of [3]. The no-load test
[2]. In [3] it is proposing a machine parameters determines the no-load impedance, s = 0, that is
determination to correct IEEE Standard 112 Z NL Rs  jX sd  jX m (1)
methods for single-cage induction machine
parameters calculation and uses three tests: no-load R X
Where s is stator resistance, sd is stator reactance and
test, locked-rotor test and overload test. Also three- Xm
and two-points regression and F-solve methods for is magnetizing reactance.
The locked-rotor test, s = 1, determines the locked-
asynchronous machine parameter estimation are in
rotor impedance that is obtained also from the double-
[4] to [9]. The [10] simplifies [3] and uses just two cage model parameters
methods: no-load test and locked-rotor test and
calculates stator resistance correctly from Ac test 1
Z ST Rs  jX sd  (2)
not Dc test. The method uses electrical 1 1 1
 
measurements only not torque measurements. In jX m R1  jX 1d R2  jX 2 d
this paper it is shown that the stator reactance is so
important for a well estimation. As squirrel cage

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 Z R1  jX 1d § ·
Where 1 is the first-cage impedance and
¨ 1 ¸
Z 2 R2  jX 2d (k 1)
imag ¨ ¸
is the second-cage impedance of double- Xm
¨ 1 1 ¸
cage. ¨ Z (k)  ( R (k)  jX (k) )  Z (k) ¸
© ST s sd 12 ¹ (9)
Double-cage parameters determination Method X Sd
(k 1)

The new algorithm determines squirrel single-cage The stator reactance in loop for iteration k , , is
parameters using double cage model and two no-load (k 1)
X sd imag Z (k 1) NL  X m 
(k 1)
 (10)
and locked-rotor tests.
For the double-cage model, we have the six unknown And

parameters
(Rs , Rr 1, Rr 2, Xsd , X1d , X2d , Xm ) and
X sd = X 2d 1
[3] that can be determined using the Z 1(k 1)
1 1 1
following equations. (k 1) (k 1)
 
Z  (R (k)
 jX sd ) X m(k 1) Z 2(k)
R1 ST s
The method uses two tests pre-assumed data; s , (11)
X 1sd X 1m
[3],[9] and , for the first iteration but the
1) 1
correct data are calculated in loop when sum of the data Z (k
2
errors is reached to less than 1%. 1 1 1
 
The locked rotor test can also determine the parallel Z ( k 1) ST  ( R( k ) s  jX ( k 1) sd ) X m( k 1) Z1( k 1)
Z Z (12)
impedance of 1 and 2
(k 1)
(1) 1 And the stator resistance in loop for iteration k , RS , is
Z 12
1 1
Z 1ST  ( R (1) s  jX (1) sd )

Xm(1) R  k 1
s
real  ( k 1)
Z NL
(13)

(3)
Where the equality restriction X2d = Xsd is according to
X
Also 2d
X sd
is used the literature [3], must be used.
Furthermore the assumption of literature [3] is
considered Stator reactance importance on parameter
estimation
The stator reactance is used in equations (3), (4)
R2 sFL X sd and (5). The results of estimation with different
s (4)
R Xsd are in Table (1). In this Table a well estimation
So that the results depend on the 2 value that is selected considering stator reactance is in the second row.
[9], e.g. in equation (5) the weight; Z [9] is defined
TABLE ·I: ORIGINAL PARAMETERS OF DOUBLE-CAGE MODEL IN
(P.U.) FROM MANUFACTURER DATA [3] AND ESTIMATED BY
R2 Z sFL X sd PROPOSED SIMPLIFIED METHOD CONSIDERING DIFFERENT XSD
(5) dcage
(1) P(hp) Rs Xsd Xm R1 X1d R2 X2d
That produces Z 2 then Original 0.0108 0.0652 1.369 0.024 0.07825 0.0908 0.0652
(1) 1 10
Z1 X(1)sd=Xsd 0.0109 0.0652 1.369 0.0239 0.0780 0.0913 0.0652
1 1
 Original 0.0108 0.0652 1.369 0.024 0.07825 0.0908 0.0652
Z (1)12 Z (1) 2 10
(6) X(1)sd=1/2Im(ZsT) 0.0109 0.0652 1.381 -0.022 0.1168 0.0744 0.0652
The no-load impedance in loop for iteration k , s = 0,
Original 0.0108 0.0652 1.369 0.024 0.07825 0.0908 0.0652
is 10 X(1)sd=1/2Im(ZsT)
0.0109 0.0652 1.381 -0.022 0.1168 0.0744 0.0652
  (7)
1st time
1)
Z (k
NL R(k) s  j X (k) sd  X (k) m (2nd (1)
X sd=Xsd 0.0109 0.0652 1.369 0.0239 0.0780 0.0913 0.0652
time)

The locked-rotor impedance in loop for

Z
(k 1) Experimental measurements
iteration k , ST , is
x = (Rs, R1, R2, Xm, Xsd, X1d,) is determined by solving set
(k 1) 1 of in-loop equations of proposed method considering the
Z R (k)
 jX (k)
 weight equal to 63 for R2 equation and for tested
ST s sd
1 1
(k)
 (k) machine 10 [hp] respectively[9].
jX m Z12
(8)
Table (1) demonstrates that for original stator
The magnetizing reactance in loop for reactance in the first iteration there is a well estimation
(k 1)
X in the second row. Although the stator reactance is
iteration k , m , is
approximated from locked-rotor test in [3]. If equation
(14) be used [3], a new estimation is prepared as shown
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 in the middle row of Table (1) that is not a well [9] Kojooyan-Jafari, Hengameh, Monjo, Ll.,
estimation. Corcoles, F., Pedra, J.; "Using the
Im  ZsT  instantaneous power of a free acceleration test
X (1) sd
2 (14) for squirrel-cage motor parameters
estimation” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol.
Table (1) shows that a well estimation is concluded 30, no. 3, pp. 974–982, Jan. 2015.
using the algorithm and approximated stator reactance of [10] Kojooyan-Jafari, Hengameh, 2016;
equation (14) that produces actual Xsd then the algorithm "parameters determination of squirrel-cage
is repeated for deriving other parameters determination induction motors for Stator Resistance Ac test”
in the last row of Table (1). IEEE PESL. Power engineering, under review,
15 Nov. 2016.
Conclusions ↑ please level both columns of the last page as far as possible.↑
This paper shows the importance of stator resistance
in the double- and squirrel-cage induction motor
parameters estimation using two tests: no-load and
locked-rotor tests as a simplified determination method.
Also stator resistance is determined by Ac test correctly
instead of Dc test that is incorrect test for Ac machines
because Dc resistance is different from Ac resistance
according to the literature.
The results of parameter estimation considering stator
reactance are less than 10% for double- and squirrel-cage
machines when the algorithm is used two times for a
well estimation.

References
[1] Paul. C. Krause, 1995. Analysis of Machine.
ISBN 047114326X.
[2] H. Kalhor, 1985. Electricity Power Systems.
ISBN 9645735130.
[3] J. Pedra, L. Sainz, March 2006, “Parameter
estimation of squirrel-cage induction motors
without torque measurements”, IEE Proc.
Electric Power Applications, Vol. 153, No. 2,
pp. 263-270.
[4] J. Pedra, F. Corcoles, June 2004, “Estimation of
induction motor double-cage model parameters
from manufacturer data”, IEEE Trans. Energy
Conversion, Vol 19, No 2, pp. 310-317
[5] F. Corcoles, J. Pedra, M. Salichs, L. Sainz, June
2002, “Analysis of the induction machine
parameter identification”, IEEE Trans. Energy
Conversion, Vol 17, No 2, pp. 183-190
[6] Kojooyan-Jafari, Hengameh, Monjo, Ll.
Corcoles, F., Pedra, J.; "Parameter estimation
of wound-rotor induction motors from transient
measurements”, IEEE Trans.
[7] Kojooyan-Jafari, Hengameh, Monjo, Ll.,
Corcoles, F., Pedra, J., Jun. 2014; "Parameter
estimation of wound-rotor induction motors
from transient measurements”, IEEE Trans.
Energy Convers., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 300–308.
[8] Monjo, Ll., Kojooyan-Jafari, Hengameh,
Corcoles, F., Pedra, J., Jun. 2015; “Squirrel-
Cage induction motor parameter estimation
using a variable frequency test”, IEEE Trans.
Energy Convers., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 550–557.

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