Chapter 5 Utilization of Assessment Tools

MEASURES OF POSITION
Quantile is a score distribution where the scores are divided into different equal parts.

Kinds of Quantiles
1. Quartile is a score distribution that divides the scores in the distribution into four (4) equal parts.
2. Decile is a score distribution that divides the scores in the distribution into ten (10) equal parts.
3. Percentile is a score distribution that divides the scores in the distribution into hundred (100) equal parts.

Quantiles for Ungrouped Data

a. Quartiles for Ungrouped Data

k k nth score
Q𝑘 = [ n + (1 − ) ]
4 4

where,
Qk is the indicated quartile
k = 1, 2, 3
n = number of cases

Example:
Using the given data 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 22, 26, 30. Find Q1.

22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30

1 1 nth score
Q1 = [ (9) + (1 − ) ]
4 4
Q1 = [0.25 (9) + ( 1 – 0.25 )] nth score

Q1 = [ 2.25 + 0.75 ] nth score

Q1 = 3rd score The value of Q1 is 24 which is the 3rd score in the

distribution. Therefore, 25% of the scores are below 24.

b. Decile for Ungrouped Data

k k nth score
D𝑘 = [ n + (1 − )]
10 10

where,
Dk is the indicated quartile
k = 1, 2, 3, … 9
n = number of cases
Example:
Using the given data 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24. Find D6.

9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24

6 6 nth score
D6 = [ (10) + (1 − )]
10 10
D6 = [0.6 (10) + ( 1 – 0.6 )] nth score
D6 = [6 + 0.4] nth score The value of D5 lies within the sum of the 6th and 7th
D6 = 6.4th score score. That is, the sum of the 6th score and 40% of the
difference between the 7th and 6th scores.

D6 = 6th score + 0.40 ( 7th score – 6th score)

D6 = 17 + 0.40 ( 18 – 17 )
D6 = 16 + 0.40 (1)
D6 = 16 + 0.40 Therefore, the 60% of the scores in the distribution are
D6 = 16.40 less than 16.40.

c. Percentile for Ungrouped Data

k k nth score
P𝑘 = [ n + (1 − )]
100 100

where,
Pk is the indicated quartile
k = 1, 2, 3
n = number of cases

Example:
Using the given data 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 22, 26, 30. Find P34.

22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32

34 34 nth score
P34 = [ (11) + (1 − )]
100 100
P34 = [0.34 (11) + ( 1 – 0.34 )] nth score

P34 = [3.74 + 0.66] nth score

The value of P34 lies within the sum of the 4th and 5th
P34 = 4.4th score
score. That is, the sum of the 4th score and 40% of the
difference between the 5th and 4th scores.

P34 = 4th score + 0.40 (5th score – 4th score)

P34 = 25 + 0.40 (26-25)
P34 = 25 + 0.40 (1)
P34 = 25 + 0.40 Therefore, the 34% of the scores in the distribution are
P34 = 25.40th score less than 25.40.
Quantiles for Grouped Data

a. Quartiles for Grouped Data

kn
− cfp
Q 𝑘 = L𝐵 + ( 4 ) c. i.
fq
where,
Qk is the indicated quartile
k = 1, 2, 3
n = number of cases
LB = lower boundary of the quartile class
cfp = cumulative frequency before the quartile class when scores
are arranged from lowest to highest
fq = frequency of the quartile class
c.i. = size of the class interval

Example:
The data for the scores of fifty (50) students in Science class are given below. Solve for the value of Q 2.

X f cf<
25 – 32 3 3
33 – 40 7 10
41 – 48 5 15
49 – 56 4 19
57 – 64 12 31
65 – 72 6 37
73 – 80 8 45
81 – 88 3 48
89 – 97 2 50
n=50

Solution:
kn
− cfp
Q 𝑘 = L𝐵 + ( 4
kn (1)50
= = 12.5 ) c. i.
4 4 fq
Q1 C = 41-48
12.5 − 10
LL=41 Q1 = 40.5 + ( )8
5
LB= 40.5
2.5
Q1 = 40.5 + ( )8
cfp = 10 5
fq = 5 Q1 = 40.5 + ( 0.5 ) 8
c.i. = 8 Q1 = 40.5 + 4
Q1 = 44.50 Therefore, 25% of the scores of 50
students who participated in the
test are less than 44.50.
b. Deciles for Grouped Data

kn
− cfp
D𝑘 = L𝐵 + ( 4 ) c. i.
fq
where,
Dk is the indicated quartile
k = 1, 2, 3 … 9
n = number of cases
LB = lower boundary of the decile class
cfp = cumulative frequency before the decile class when scores are
arranged from lowest to highest
fq = frequency of the deciles class
c.i. = size of the class interval

Example:
The data for the scores of fifty (50) students in Science class are given below. Solve for the value of D5.

X f cf<
25 – 32 3 3
33 – 40 7 10
41 – 48 5 15
49 – 56 4 19
57 – 64 12 31
65 – 72 6 37
73 – 80 8 45
81 – 88 3 48
89 – 97 2 50
n=50

Solution:
kn
− cfp
D𝑘 = L𝐵 + ( 4
(5)n (5)50
= = 25 ) c. i.
10 10 fq
D5 C = 57-64
25 − 19
LL=57 D5 = 56.5 + ( )8
12
LB= 56. 5
6
D5 = 56.5 + ( )8
cfp = 19 12
fq = 12 D5 = 56.5 + ( 0.5 ) 8
c.i. = 8 D5 = 56.5 + 4
D5 = 60.5 Therefore, 50% of the scores of 50 students
who participated in the test are less than
60.50.
c. Percentiles for Grouped Data

kn
− cfp
P𝑘 = L𝐵 + ( 4 ) c. i.
fq
where,
Pk is the indicated percentile
k = 1, 2, 3 … 99
n = number of cases
LB = lower boundary of the percentile class
cfp = cumulative frequency before the percentile class when scores are
arranged from lowest to highest
fq = frequency of the percentile class
c.i. = size of the class interval

Example:
The data for the scores of fifty (50) students in Science class are given below. Solve for the value of P82.

X f cf<
25 – 32 3 3
33 – 40 7 10
41 – 48 5 15
49 – 56 4 19
57 – 64 12 31
65 – 72 6 37
73 – 80 8 45
81 – 88 3 48
89 – 97 2 50
n=50

Solution:
kn
− cfp
P𝑘 = L𝐵 + ( 4
(82)n (82)50
= = 41 ) c. i.
100 100 fq
P82 C = 73-80
41 − 37
LL=73 P82 = 72.5 + ( )8
8
LB= 72.5
4
P82 = 72.5 + ( ) 8
cfp = 37 8
fq = 8 P82 = 72.5 + ( 0.5 ) 8
c.i. = 8 P82 = 72.5 + 4
P82 = 76.5 Therefore, 82% of the scores of 50 students
who participated in the test are less than
76.50.