MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Thermodynamics (THERMO1)

CHAPTER 3:
The Ideal Gas Law

Submitted by:
Corpuz, Rodessa Jane D.
Esguerra, Khay C.
Rivera, Kent Laurence M.
Villarroel, Juan Miguel H.
BSECE T31

Submitted to:
Engr. Kristian G. Basario, Ph. D.

Date:
November 2, 2016
Problem 1:
A spherical helium balloon of 10 m in diameter is at ambient T and P, 15oC and 100 kPa. How much
helium does it contain? It can lift a total mass that equals the mass of displaced atmospheric air. How
much mass of the balloon fabric and cage can then be lifted?
Solution:
𝑷𝑽 = 𝒎𝑹𝑻
𝒌𝑵
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐 ⋅𝟓𝟐𝟑.𝟔𝒎𝟑
4 4 𝑑 3 4 𝑑3 π 3 𝑷𝑽 𝒎
𝑉𝑆𝑃𝐻𝐸𝑅𝐸 = 3 π𝑟 3 = 3 π ( 2 ) = π8 = 𝑑 𝒎𝑯𝒆 = 𝑹𝑻
= 𝒌𝑵⋅𝒎 = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝒈𝒎
3 6 𝟐.𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟏 ⋅(𝟏𝟓+𝟐𝟕𝟑)𝑲
𝒌𝒈𝒎 −𝑲
π
= 6 (10𝑚)3 = 523.6𝑚3 𝒌𝑵
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐 ⋅𝟓𝟐𝟑.𝟔𝒎𝟑
𝑷𝑽 𝒎
𝑘𝐽 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒓 = 𝑹𝑻 = 𝒌𝑵⋅𝒎 = 𝟔𝟑𝟑𝒌𝒈𝒎
𝑅𝐻𝑒 = 2.0771 𝟎.𝟐𝟖𝟕
𝒌𝒈𝒎 −𝑲
⋅(𝟏𝟓+𝟐𝟕𝟑)𝑲
𝑘𝑔𝑚 −𝐾
𝒎𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒕 = 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒓 − 𝒎𝑯𝒆 = 𝟔𝟑𝟑 − 𝟖𝟕. 𝟓; 𝒌𝒈𝒎 = 𝟓𝟒𝟓. 𝟓𝒌𝒈𝒎

Problem 2:
A rigid tank of 1.25 m3 contains nitrogen gas at 615 kPa, 400 K. By mistake someone lets 0.25 kg
flow out. If the final temperature is 385 K what is then the final pressure?
Solution:
𝒌𝑱
𝑹𝑵 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟖
𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲
𝑷𝑽 = 𝒎𝑹𝑻
𝒌𝑵
𝑷𝑽 𝟔𝟏𝟓 𝟐 ⋅ 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟑
𝒎𝑵 = = 𝒎 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟖𝒌𝒈𝒎
𝑹𝑵 𝑻 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ⋅ 𝒎 ⋅ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝑲
𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲
𝐀𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝐤𝐠,
𝒎𝒏𝒆𝒘 = 𝒎𝑵 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓; 𝒌𝒈𝒎 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟑𝒌𝒈𝒎
𝒌𝑵 ⋅ 𝒎
𝒎𝒏𝒆𝒘 𝑹𝑵 𝑻𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝟔. 𝟐𝟑𝒌𝒈𝒎 (𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲) (𝟑𝟖𝟓𝑲) 𝒌𝑵
𝑷𝒏𝒆𝒘 = = 𝟑
= 𝟕𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟗 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟗𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝑽 𝟏𝒎 𝒎

Problem 3:
If 120 ft3 of atmospheric air at 0 oF are compressed to a volume of 12.75 ft3 at a temperature of 250
oF, what will be the pressure of the air in psi?
Solution:
The General Gas Law is to be used as the given quantities agree with the equation.
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2 𝑇2
[ = ]
𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑉2
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑇2 14.7𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 (120𝑓𝑡 3 )(250 + 460)∘ 𝑅
𝑃2 = = = 213.54𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑇1 𝑉2 (0 + 460)∘ 𝑅(12.75𝑓𝑡 3 )
Problem 4:
420.15 cm3 of gas at 725 mmHg absolute and temperature of 16 oC undergoes a process until the
pressure and temperature becomes 755 mmHg and 10 oC, respectively. Calculate the final volume of
the gas.
Solution:
Here, we use the General Gas Law as shown:
𝑷𝑽
=𝑪
𝑻
𝑷𝟏 𝑽𝟏 𝑷𝟐 𝑽𝟐 𝑻𝟐
[ = ]
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝑷𝟐
𝑷𝟏 𝑽𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝟕𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈(𝟒𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝒄𝒎𝟑 )(𝟏𝟔 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑)𝑲
𝑽𝟐 = = = 𝟒𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝑻𝟏 𝑷𝟐 (𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑)𝑲(𝟕𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈)

Problem 5:
An automobile tire is inflated to 25 psig pressure at 45.25 oF. After being driven, the temperature
rises to 85 oF. Determine the final gage pressure assuming the volume remains constant.
Solution:
Using Charles’ Law on isochoric (constant volume) process.
𝑃1 𝑃2
[ = ]𝑇
𝑇1 𝑇2 2
𝑃1 𝑇2 (25 + 14.7)𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 ⋅ (45.25 + 460)𝑜 𝑅
𝑃2 = = = 36.80𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑇1 (85 + 460)𝑜 𝑅
Converting back to gage pressure:
𝑃2 = (36.80 − 14.7)𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑔 = 22.10𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑔

Problem 6:
13.5 ft3 of air at 250 psi and 325.25 oF is cooled to 120 oF at constant volume process. What is the
final pressure and work done on the process?
Solution:
Here, we use Charles’ Law on this isochoric process.
1
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = 𝑃[𝑉1 − 𝑉2 ] = 0
2
1
𝑃1 𝑃2
[ = ]𝑇 𝑊𝑆𝐹 = ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑃 = 𝑉[𝑃1 − 𝑃2 ]
𝑇1 𝑇2 2 2
𝑃1 𝑇2 (250𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 )(120 + 460)𝑜 𝑅 𝑙𝑏 12𝑖𝑛 2
𝑃2 = = = 184.65𝑝𝑠𝑖 3
𝑎 = 13.5𝑓𝑡 ⋅ (250 − 184.65) ⋅( )
𝑇1 (325.25 + 460)𝑜 𝑅 𝑖𝑛2 1𝑓𝑡
1𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 127,040.4𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ( ) = 163.26𝐵𝑡𝑢
778.16𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓
Problem 7:
A glass is cleaned in 45 oC hot water and placed on the table bottom up. The room air at 21 oC that
was trapped in the glass gets heated up to 40.25 oC and some of it leaks out so the net resulting pressure
inside is 2.5 kPa above ambient pressure of 101 kPa. Now the glass and the air inside cools down to
room temperature. What is the pressure inside the glass?
Solution:
1st Condition: 40.25 oC, 103.5 kPa
2nd Condition: 21 oC, ? kPa
Constant mass and volume, so we use Charles’ Law on this process as shown:
𝑃1 𝑃2
[ = ]𝑇
𝑇1 𝑇2 2
𝑃1 𝑇2 103.5𝑘𝑃𝑎(21 + 273)𝐾
𝑃2 = = = 97.1397𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇1 (40.25 + 273)𝐾

Problem 8:
A 1.2 m3 tank is filled with air at room temperature 25 oC and pressure 120 kPa. How much mass
is there in the tank?
Solution:
𝒌𝑱
𝑹𝒂𝒊𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟕
𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲
𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐚𝐬, 𝐰𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐠𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬:
𝑷𝑽 = 𝒎𝑹𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝑻
𝒌𝑵
𝑷𝑽 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟐 (𝟏. 𝟐𝒎𝟑 )
𝒎= = 𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖𝒌𝒈𝒎
𝑹𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝑻 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟕 𝒌𝑱
(𝟐𝟓 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑)𝑲
𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲

Problem 9:
A cylindrical gas tank 2.25 m long, inside diameter of 20 cm, is evacuated and then filled with
carbon dioxide gas at 20°C. To what pressure should it be charged if there should be 1 kg of carbon
dioxide?
Solution:
𝒌𝑱
𝑹 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝑱
𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝒎𝒐𝒍 − 𝑲
𝑹𝑪𝑶𝟐 = = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟗
𝑴𝑾 𝟏𝟐 + (𝟏𝟔 × 𝟐); 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲
π 𝟐 𝟑
𝑽𝒄𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 = 𝑨𝒍 = (𝟎. 𝟐𝒎) ⋅ 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟕𝒎
𝟒
𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝒎𝑹𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝑻 𝟏𝒌𝒈 (𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟗 𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲) (𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑)𝑲
𝑷𝑽 = 𝒎𝑹𝑻; 𝑷 = = = 𝟕𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝟐𝟗𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝑽 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟕𝒎𝟑
Problem 10:
6.25 m3 tank containing helium at 425 K and is evacuated from atmospheric pressure to a
pressure of 720 mmHg vacuum. Determine the following:
a.) mass of helium remaining in the tank
b.) mass of helium pumped out
c.) if the temperature falls to 15 oC, what is its pressure in kPa?
Solution:
𝑷𝟏 𝑽𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝒎𝟏 = ; 𝑹𝑯𝒆 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟏
𝑹𝑻𝟏 𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲
𝑷𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑷𝒂 𝒃. )𝒎𝟐 = 𝒎 − 𝒎𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟒 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟕; 𝒌𝒈𝒎
𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒎 = 𝟏𝒂𝒕𝒎 = 𝟕𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟗𝟕𝒌𝒈𝒎
𝑷𝒂𝒃𝒔 = 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒎 − 𝑷𝒗𝒂𝒄 = (𝟕𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈 − 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈) = 𝟒𝟎𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈𝒄. )𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐛𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫
𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑷𝒂 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐝
= 𝟒𝟎𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈 ( ) = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝟕𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈 𝑻𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓𝒐 𝑪 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖𝑲
𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐮𝐦: 𝒎𝟏 𝑹𝑯𝒆 𝑻𝟑
𝒌𝑵 𝑷𝟑 =
𝑷𝟏 𝑽𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟓 𝟐 ⋅ 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝒎 𝟑 𝑽𝟏
𝒎= = 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟒𝒌𝒈𝒎 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑹𝑯𝒆 𝑻𝟏 𝟐. 𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 (𝟒𝟐𝟓𝑲) 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟕𝒌𝒈𝒎 (𝟐. 𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟏 ) (𝟐𝟖𝟖𝑲)
𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲
𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲 =
𝒌𝑵 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟑
𝟑 𝑷 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟎𝟖𝟒𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝑷𝒂𝒃𝒔 𝑽𝟏 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑 𝟐 ⋅ 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝒎 𝟑
𝒂. )𝒎𝟏 = = 𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟕𝒌𝒈𝒎
𝑹𝑯𝒆 𝑻𝟏 𝟐. 𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 (𝟒𝟐𝟓𝑲)
𝒌𝒈𝒎 − 𝑲