Ch. 7 lonie Compounds Name: key Guided Notes CHeMicaL Bonos: ‘Chemical bonds form when atoms are strongly attracted to one another 1. Ionic Bead 2. Covaienr Bend 3. Metaic Bond Comeounos: * Compound: two © Properties of a compound are generally very different from the elements that make it Chemical Formulas: Forywsias Show rhe Symbols OF He ree Che elemené in Hee compound Subscripts: yeu tue of each elemird in tHe Compound mone elements Combined chemical Vauence Euecrrons: + Valence Electrons: e\ectrors in “the highest energy lev + The number of valence electrons largely determines the _Citmmice’ progectied of an element. + To find the number of valence electrons, look atits__Gravp number + Electron Dot Notation: veprosenis - 4 of valence electrons Peet Cae Cl? - 7Ve tows: o° + fon: com er worded group of ctoms that have A pos ov neq. Charye + Whenatoms __!©S¢ __electronsand become __ positive ions + When atoms __4Gin electrons and become _ Negative ions * Octet Rule gain, lose imic bond Jor + Atoms tend to cE eee SY Ua Shave (eovelent band electrons until they are surrounded by___valence electrons + Anoctet consists of 8 valence electrons + Since the obie {OSES have eight electrons, we assume that an atomis__St0-b'2__ when surrounded by 8 valence electronsJone Bow + Type of chemical bond + Electron transfers lead to forces holding atoms together + Binds Oppesife Chavaed ions Fogetho + 7 + Formed bya__ metal anda__ Nom metal (or a group) + Examples: jac (Sodium chloride), Wa, C03 (Sedium cerbonale +*To determine is an element is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid, Jook @) its glacermerat on tle periodic table Bonoine: + Abond forms when _6 96s ited. f charged atoms are electrostatically attracted to one another as a result ofthe transfe— of electrons CLASSES OF lowic Boos: 1. Oxides + Compounds with ionic bonds between a__ neta and__ KY Cr e Examples MgO A magresium oxKrde 2. Salts + Generic name for_jnast ign ic Con pounds + Examples: NaCl -sediwn chloride ZnTLy - Zine wdide Monatomic tons: 1. Cation : Positive. formed by the __105S of valence electrons + Atom loses electrons to have an octet like the previous noble gases * Naming: cation nome Stays “the Sime SS the atom nome © Example: Li > lithium Lit -9 Iithium ion 2. Anion + ft _Negehve 10M formed by the __4 in of electrons + Atoms gain electrons to achieve an octet + Naming: cdd suffix-ide to the reot of the atom name * Brample: Br» bromine = Br > bromide+ Oxidation Number “Charge oF & monatomic tow + The number of electrons gained or last to make an ion Monatomic lon Trends: Group 1: | Group2: Qe Group 17; | — Group 16: 2- Group1s: 3 Pract Write the symbol, name of the ion, and determine if it’s a cation or anion. 1. Aniodine atom gains one electron J ‘a 2. Astrontium atom loses two electrons. Sy > 3. A sulfur atom gains two electrons an 4. An aluminum atom loses three electrons | >* Polyatomic ions: 4. Polyatomic fons: “ l6ns made ve of aR mere tran one ato + Charge applies to the __ whole roe? + NEVER change the SubSCri PES of atoms within the ion + Example: CG 9= (carbonate) 2. Oxyanion: + lonwitha___nonmetad and one ormore__ 0X44 atoms + Polyatomic Trends in Naming 50s Persulfate (+1 oxygen) Element: Sulfur ——— Anion: Ss Sulfide 50. Sulfate SOs* Sulfite (-1 oxygen) 50:* Hyposulfite —_(-2 oxygen)Jone Bonos: + tonBond: metal + Non metal Positive Im + A¢gabve lows © When atoms transfer electrons, the atoms become bonded and form ionic compounds © Although they are composed of charged ions ionic compounds are electrically i hy __ peotral (peSinue Charge negative Charse JoNic NOMENCLATURE Writing lonie Compound Formulas L weite cote + anion Pormulas with Charges 2 Balance te charges with Sebserpts iF necessoxy 3. USO parentheses around polyatomic ins thet need & Subscript added & Write he Anal neutral formule without charges Pracrice: + Potassium Permanganate: K' Mndy > Eady oe Aluminum oxide: ALS O > Al, 03 + copper iphydrxite: Cu2* OH —> CuO), + Sodium Phosphate: Aa’ POy3?” —? Nias POy + trontuysutite: Fe 2* S0y?” —> Fes (S04)s + Calcium Manganate: Ca?* Mnby? —9 Ca MnOy ‘Naming tonic Compounds: 1 Cahon weiter Airst 2 anitn weitten second reminder: JS2 roman numerals when neededPracrice: + po. Iehium pas phase + recto, Iron (u) perchlorase Sodium SulFose sulfide + NasSOe + (Nass Ammonium + AgGHO, Silver acetate + aa copper fi) chloride UHC lithium bicarbonate PROPERTIES OF IONIC ComPOUNt + Crystal Lattice: eo ions Ore arranged in @ reguiow, repeanry 3D potter in © Each tion is surrounded by ~ions © Overall the shape of the crystal depends on the relative number of + ions and — ions PROPERTIES OF lowic ComPouNDs: * Physical Properties: 1 parhcl€s ane hight attracted? WW me anon 2 high mealies , boiling points B hard, rigid, + bevile 4 Can Conduct electrical current® + clectrovte: Qn ivnic. Compound whase aqueous Solunon = comducts electyics * Aqueous Solutions: a Substance dissotued ind wote