Science Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin

Form 3 – Chapter 2 – Blood Circulation and Transport [Notes Completely]

2.1 Transport System of in Humans Body
1. A transport system of in a human body is called the circulatory system.
2. The human blood circulatory system consists of
a) heart 心脏 – pump blood into all parts of the body.
b) blood vessels 血管
i) artery 动脉 – carry blood away from the heart to the body cells.
ii) veins 静脉 – return blood to the heart from the body cells.
iii) capillaries – fine blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.
(located between artery and vein)
c) varies of blood (F3 Chp 2.2) – plasma 血浆, blood cells 血球 (red and
white), platelet 血小板 and lymph 淋巴.
3. The function of the heart is to pump blood into all parts of the body through muscle
contraction and relaxation.
4. The right side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood while the left side of the heart
contains oxygenated blood.
5. The internal structure of the human heart.

6. The heart is made up of:

a) Four chambers – right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle.
b) Blood vessels: -
i) Vena cava (vein) – returns blood to the heart
ii) Pulmonary artery – carries oxygenated blood
iii) Pulmonary vein – carries deoxygenated blood
iv) Aorta (artery) - carry blood to all parts of the body cells
c) Valves 瓣 – in blood vessels to separates the atria (atrium) from the ventricles, prevent
the blood back flow and ensure the blood flow in one direction.
i) Tricuspid valve 三尖瓣 - between right atrium and right ventricle
ii) Semi-lunar valve 心瓣 – beginning of pulmonary artery and aorta
iii) Bicuspid valve 二尖瓣 - between left atrium and left ventricle
d) Septum – separate the right and left sides of heart.
7. The characteristic of the three types of blood vessels:
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 Science Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
Characteristic Artery Vein Capillaries

Cross-section

Lumen Size Small and narrow Big and wide Very small and narrow
Structure and Thick, muscular and Thin, muscular and Very thin, one cell thick
thickness of wall elastic less elastic (fine blood vessels)
Oxygenated blood Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood to
Type of blood
(except pulmonary (except pulmonary cells and deoxygenated
flow
artery) vein) blood from cells
Direction of Carry blood away Carry blood from the
Carry blood from artery
blood flow from the heart to the body cells towards
to vein
(Function) body cells. the heart.
Speed of blood
High Low Very Low
pressure
Rate of blood
Fast Slow Very Slow
flow
Presence of No (except
Yes No
valve pulmonary artery)
8. The right side of the blood circulation contains deoxygenated blood while the left side of the
blood circulation contains oxygenated blood.
9. The different of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. (F3 Chp 1.2)
Oxygenated blood Differences Deoxygenated blood
Light red in colour Dark red in colour
Contain more oxygen in the form of
Contain less oxygen but more carbon dioxide
oxyhaemoglobin and less carbon dioxide
Found in large quantities in the blood leaving Found in the blood from all parts of the body
the lungs. except the lungs
Carried in all the vein except the pulmonary Carried in all the artery except the pulmonary
vein. artery.
10. The pathway of human blood circulation.
Human Blood Circulatory System
Note: Mind Map

Body
Cell

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 Science Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
11. The pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. (double circulatory system)
Pulmonary
Circulation 肺部循环

Pulmonary
Circulation

Systemic
Circulation
体部循环 Systemic
Circulation

2.2 Human Blood

1. Human blood is made up of:
Type of blood Plasma
- Pale yellowish liquid
- Consists of 90% of water and
Structures
dissolved substances include nutrients,
excretory products and hormones.
Transport digested food,
Functions
excretory products and hormones.
Red Blood Cell
Type of blood
Blood Cell - (F1 Chp 2.3)
- 凹形 Biconcave shape.
- Has only cell membrane and
cytoplasm. (Has no nucleus)
Structures
- Smaller than white blood cell
- Produced by bone marrow
- Contain red pigment
(haemoglobin) to transport
Functions
oxygen. (F3 Chp 1.2)
Body Cell
Platelets
- Has no nucleus
- Irregular shape
- Produced by bone marrow
-Tiny pieces of cytoplasm
heat - Small cell fragments
- Help blood clotting
White Blood Cell
- Irregular shape
-Colourless and has no nucleus
- Larger than red blood cell
- Produced by bone marrow and
lymph nodes.
- Less than red blood cell
- Produces antibodies to kill
(destroy) bacteria and fight
infection.

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 Science Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
Blood Group
2. The four group of human group are A, B, AB and O.
3. If the donor`s blood and the recipient blood are not compatible, agglutination of blood
cells will occur in the recipient`s body will fatal 致命 (die).
4. The compatibility between the blood group.
Donor Blood Can donate Can receive
Recipient
O A B AB Group blood to blood from
O O
A A
B B
AB AB
5. A person with blood group O can donate
blood to all the people with blood group (A, B, AB and O) so, the person is universal
donor.
6. A person with blood group AB can receive blood from all the people with blood
group (A, B, AB and O) so, the person is universal recipient.
7. Other Knowledge:
Donor
Recipient
O− O+ A− A+ B− B+ AB− AB+ RH
O−
O+
A−
A+
B−
B+
AB−
AB+
RH
8. Review F1 (Chp 2.3) – F3 (Chp 1.2) and (Chp 2.1)
System Function Organs Cell
Respiratory Inhales oxygen and exhales Nose, Red blood cell and
System carbon dioxide trachea, haemoglobin
lungs
Blood Transports oxygen, food Heart, vein, Plasma, red blood
circulatory and excretory products artery cells, white blood
System cells and platelet
Lymphatic Transports lymphatic Blood vessels lymph 淋巴
System fluid to the blood vessels
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 Science Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
2.3 Transport System in Plant
*Wilting
1. The plant needs water to _________ in an __________ position.
2. If plant looses too much water, it will ______ or die.
3. Plant wilt because the amount of water _____ by the plant is at much ________
rate than the absorption from soil.
4. The plant cells will _____ their turgidity and become _____ or ________.
5. When water enters the cells of a plant, it exerts ________ against the cell walls.
6. The cells become ________ or _________ and provide strength to support plant.
7. KBAT: a) Why is the plant’s stem in no longer upright condition.
Ans: __________________________________________________.
b) Give a reason why plant will wilt.
Ans: __________________________________________________.
*Transpiration
1. Transpiration is a process which plants ___ water by ________ through the _____.
2. Stomata are __________________________ on the leaves.
3. The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by the ___________ cells.
4. Function of stomata:
(a) allow water to diffuse during _____________.
(b) allow the exchange of gases during ______________ and __________.
5. The stomata are open during the _____ for photosynthesis while close during the ________.
6. Queston: a) What is the function of stomata? -____________________________________.
b) What is the function of guard cell? -___________________________________.
7. KBAT: a) Cactus has _______________________ to transpiration.
b) The leaves was ___________ of the branches.
8. The factors of the rate of transpiration:
Factors Rate of transpiration Reason/Explanation
Increase with _____
Light
light intensity
Increase with _____
Temperature
temperature
Increase with _____
Humidity
humidity
Increase on _____
Wind
days
*The location of xylem and phloem
1.The transport system of plant consists _____________ and _______________.
2. The xylem and phloem are found in the ______, __________ and ___________.
3. The xylem helps to __________ the plants.

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 Science Form 3 – Chapter 2 Notes Prepared by Kelvin
4. The xylem transport ________ and dissolved ______________ from _________ to
other parts of plant.
5. The phloem transport ____ synthesised during ___________ that called ________
from ___________ to other parts of plant.
6. A ____________________ (stem) consists of xylem, phloem and cambium.
7. The __________ lies between the xylem and phloem.
8. The function of cambium is to ____________ the xylem and phloem.
9. Function of xylem:
-Immersed the root in a beaker of contain dilute red ink/blue ink after a few hours the
vein of root and stem were ___________with __________ ink. Why?
-This is because xylem is transport _________ and mineral salts.
Question: sketch the stained and state the function.

10. Function of phloem:

-Removed the ring of bark and after 2 weeks the stem became ___________.Why?
-The swollen is has __________, it is because phloem is transport __________.
Question: label the parts and state the function.

11. The location of xylem and phloem in the leaf, stem and root of monocotyledon plant and
dicotyledon plant. Leaf Stem Root

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