SX020a-En-EU-Example - Tying and The Avoidance of Disproportionate Collapse

Example: Tying and the avoidance of disproportionate collapse
CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX020a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 5

Title Example: Tying and the avoidance of disproportionate
collapse
Eurocode Ref EN 1991-1-1 & EN 1993-1-8
Made by J Gozzi and B Uppfeldt Date Oct 2005
Checked by Bernt Johansson Date Oct 2005
Example: Tying and the avoidance of

disproportionate collapse
It is essential to ensure that neither the whole building nor a significant
part of it will collapse if a localized failure occurs. To avoid
disproportionate collapse it is necessary to ensure adequate tying resistance
in the beam connections and column splices. This example shows how tying
is considered in the Eurocodes. Consequences classes, effective horizontal
ties and effective vertical ties are considered.
The building is an eight-storey office building with pinned continuous

columns and hinged beams. A part plan is shown below. The spacing of the
columns is 10 m × 6 m. In the Figure, A denotes the primary beam; its
connections are checked as effective horizontal ties. B denotes the horizontal
ties in the other direction. The storey height is 3 m.
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
[m]
10,0
A
10,0
6,0 6,0 6,0
Plan of the building

Created on Wednesday, August 18, 2010

collapse
The figure below shows the column splice detail and the beam to column
connections (which are designed as fin plate connections). Column splices
are located just above floor level.
HEA 400
C
HEA 280 HEA 280
HEB 400
The following loads are considered on each storey:

Self weight of the slab, floor finishes and installations
g k = 3,5 kN/m2
Live load
qk = 3, 0 kN/m2

collapse
Consequences classes of buildings EN 1991-1-7

The considered building is in consequences class 2b, the Upper Risk Group. Table A.1
For a class 2b building effective horizontal ties, as defined in A.5.1 for framed §A.4
construction, together with vertical ties, as defined in A.6 in all supporting
columns, should be provided
Effective horizontal ties EN 1991-1-7

§A.5.1
Effective horizontal ties should be provided around the perimeter of each
floor and roof level and internally in two right angle directions to tie the
column and wall elements securely to the structure of the building.
Each continuous tie, including its end connections, should be capable of
sustaining a design tensile load of Ti for the accidental limit state in the case
of internal ties, and Tp in the case of perimeter ties, equal to the following
values: EN 1991-1-7
Ti = 0,8 ( g k + ψ qk ) sL ≥ 75 kN Eq. (A.1)
Tp = 0, 4 ( g k + ψ qk ) sL ≥ 75 kN Eq. (A.2)
where
s is the spacing of ties,
L is the span of the tie and
ψ is ψ1 = 0,5 in this case.

collapse
The primary beam, A, acts as an internal horizontal tie in this example. The
connection should be designed for the design tensile load, Ti.
Ti = 0,8 ⋅ ( 3,5 + 0,5 ⋅ 3, 0 )10 ⋅ 6 = 240 kN >75 kN
Ti
HEA 280
HEB 400
The connections for the other horizontal ties denoted by B, should be designed
for a tensile force of 75 kN.
Effective vertical ties EN 1991-1-7

Each column should be tied from the foundations to the roof level. §A.6
The columns carrying vertical actions should be capable of resisting an
accidental design tensile force equal to the largest design vertical permanent
and variable load reaction applied to the column from any one storey. The
tensile strength of the column section itself is always fulfilled but the
connections have to be checked.
§A.6 is not clear how this rule should be applied to check the column splices.
In the absence of any other reliable guidance, the following approach is
suggested [1].
The vertical tying force, Tv, is in this case for the column splice B shown
above
Tv = (γ G ⋅ g k + γ Q ⋅ qk ) ⋅ Ac = (1, 35 ⋅ 3, 5 + 1, 5 ⋅ 3, 0) ⋅ 60 = 553,5 kN
where
Ac is the floor area that the column has to carry.

u
E x a m p l e : T y i n g a n
g
CALCULATION SHEET
A
Document Ref: SX020a-EN-EU Sheet 5 of 5

i

collapse
r

,

y
y
Design
p
The connections have to allow for gross deformations.

a
Check the beam to column connection for the horizontal tying as shown in
o
SX013.
d
Check the column splice for the vertical tying force, Tv as shown in T1719.
c
References
s
[1] Example 23, Steelwork Design Guide to BS 5950-1:2000, Volume 2

e
Worked examples (P326), The Steel Construction Institute, 2003.

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SX020a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Tying and the avoidance of disproportionate collapse
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by J Gozzi and B Uppfeldt SBI 10/10/2005
Technical content checked by Bernt Johansson SBI
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 6/6/06
2. France A Bureau CTICM 6/6/06
3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 6/6/06
4. Germany C Müller RWTH 6/6/06

5. Spain J Chica Labein 6/6/06
Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 11/09/06

Coordinator
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Example: Tying and the avoidance of disproportionate collapse

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX020a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 5

Example: Tying and the avoidance of

The building is an eight-storey office building with pinned continuous

6,0 6,0 6,0

Plan of the building

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX020a-EN-EU Sheet 2 of 5

HEA 280 HEA 280

The following loads are considered on each storey:

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX020a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 5

Consequences classes of buildings EN 1991-1-7

Effective horizontal ties EN 1991-1-7

Ti = 0,8 ( g k + ψ qk ) sL ≥ 75 kN Eq. (A.1)

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX020a-EN-EU Sheet 4 of 5

Effective vertical ties EN 1991-1-7

Ac is the floor area that the column has to carry.

Document Ref: SX020a-EN-EU Sheet 5 of 5

Title Example: Tying and the avoidance of disproportionate

Made by J Gozzi and B Uppfeldt Date Oct 2005

Checked by Bernt Johansson Date Oct 2005

The connections have to allow for gross deformations.

[1] Example 23, Steelwork Design Guide to BS 5950-1:2000, Volume 2

Worked examples (P326), The Steel Construction Institute, 2003.

Example: Tying and the avoidance of disproportionate collapse

RESOURCE TITLE Example: Tying and the avoidance of disproportionate collapse

Name Company Date

Created by J Gozzi and B Uppfeldt SBI 10/10/2005

Technical content checked by Bernt Johansson SBI

Editorial content checked by

Technical content endorsed by the

1. UK G W Owens SCI 6/6/06

2. France A Bureau CTICM 6/6/06

3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 6/6/06

4. Germany C Müller RWTH 6/6/06

5. Spain J Chica Labein 6/6/06

Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 11/09/06

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