Dr Karim Rashad

Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)

Scientific enquiry Answers

p. 1: a) A Ruler b) prediction
c) Wear eye goggles
p. 2: a) Volume of water b) Measuring cylinder
c) The bigger the volume of water, the less the time
taken for dissolving (the faster the dissolving)
p. 3: puts the pots in the same place
p. 4: b) Repeat the experiment 3 times & take an average
c) Danni, because the graph shows that as the mass
of the seed increases, the rolling distance decreases
p. 5: a) Stopwatch / Timer b) 100
p. 6: I think the reading on light meter ……. making a prediction
The reading for 50 cm is 25 units ……. collecting results
I should repeat measurement 3 times … increasing reliability
I should use same light source each time … fair testing
p. 7: a) Beaker D will take the shortest time for all the
water to evaporate.
p. 8: b) How many days will it take for all the water to
evaporate from each beaker?
c) All four beakers start with the same volume of water.
The water in the four beakers must be at the same
temperature.
p. 9: a) Thermometer b) Balance / Scale c) To be a fair test
p. 10: d) 50 – The 2 masses are very different
e) Any value between 11.2 – 16 (ex: 14)
A greater mass of the fertilizer can dissolve in
hotter / warmer temperature
Or As the temperature of water increases, a bigger
mass of the fertilizer can be dissolved
p. 11: No questions
p. 12: a) The speed of sound in water
b) He sees the flash of light before he hears the bell
c) To be able to see the flash of light
d) To make the results more reliable
p. 13: No questions
p. 14: a) Plot the 2 remaining points
b) Join the line with the points you drew c) 10
th
p. 15: a) 4 one (measuring cylinder)
p. 16: b)
5 10
10 20
15 30
20 35
25 40
c) The units
p. 17: 1. Amount/Mass of zinc Or Zinc state (powder or lumps)
2. Volume of sulfuric acid Or Concentration of acid
3. Temperature
p. 18: a) unit for time b) citric acid c) bar chart
d) Repeat the experiment again
p. 19: a) i) Type of fertilizer (treatment)
ii) Any 2 from: Number of seeds plants
Amount of fertilizer
Time – Temperature
iii) As a control experiment
b) i) fertilizer makes them grow taller
ii) The number of peppers increases
p. 20: Plot the points correctly & join them with a line
p. 21: a) C b) C – E c) A – B – D
p. 22: a) (9.5 + 9.9 + 10.0) / 3 = 9.8 b) 2.8
c) As the area of the parachute increases, the air
resistance increases
p. 23: a) To start with the same amount and make it a fair test
b) To leave time for the algae to grow
p. 24: c) gets darker till the concentration of 4, then it gets
lighter after 4
d) fastest
p. 25: a) Because the ball moves quickly & it is hard to
watch the ball and scale together
p. 26: b) Plot the remaining 2 points & draw a line of best
fit that passes through most of the points
c) Anomalous results are more easily spotted
Or Other values can be predicted
d) The results are less reliable / less accurate
p. 27: a) Any 2 from:
eye protection / safety glasses
use smaller masses / use lighter masses
stand away from the table / stand away from the masses
p. 28: b)
material
A 2.4
B 1.7
C 3.2
D 0.7
c) Repeat the experiment
p. 29: a) i) 0.30 + 0.26 + 0.26 + 0.42 = 1.24
ii) (0.30 + 0.26 + 0.26 + 0.42) / 4 = 0.31
iii) No – Oliver takes longer time
p. 30: b) i) It means not fitting the pattern – 0.42 seconds
ii) Repeat the experiment more times / do more trials

1
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)

Biology Answers
p. 32: Growth – Excretion p. 50: a) Nucleus
p. 33: a) Movement – Respiration – Growth – b) 1. Chloroplast 2. Cell wall (Vacuole is also correct)
Reproduction – Excretion – Nutrition c) Because it is very small (can’t be seen by naked eye)
b) Respiration c) Excretion p. 51: a) cell wall: plant cell
p. 34: a) 1. Reproduction: The mother fox gave birth to her cubs cytoplasm: plant cell – animal cell
2. Nutrition: The mother fox brings food for her cubs cell membrane: plant cell – animal cell
b) Fox gives birth to her cubs (does not lay eggs) vacuole: plant cell
Or Body is covered in fur p. 52: b) cell wall = C = rigid to support the cell
p. 35: a) birds b) meat / other animals chloroplast = B = where photosynthesis happens
c) moves / feeds / grows / reproduces nucleus = D = contains genetic information
p. 36: mammals: backbone – hairy skin p. 53: a) A: cytoplasm B: cell wall C: nucleus
fish: scales – backbone b) It is the place where photosynthesis takes place
bird: feathers – backbone (the plant can make its own food)
reptile: scales – backbone c) Chloroplast – cell wall (Vacuole is also correct)
p. 37: a) reptile b) arthropod c) mammal d) amphibian p. 54: a) 1. Chloroplast 2. Cell wall 3. Vacuole
p. 38: a) They all have a backbone b) Chloroplast
b) i) reptile ii) amphibian p. 55: a) A: Cell wall B: Cell membrane
c) scales b) It has a cell wall / a vacuole c) Chloroplast
p. 39: a) 3 pairs of legs = insect d) Absorbs water & minerals from the soil
5 pairs of legs = crustacean p. 56: a) D b) sperm c) A – D – C
4 pairs of legs = arachnid p. 57: a) i) root hair cell
b) 1. All have a segmented body ii) A finger like projection to increase its surface
2. All have an exoskeleton are for absorbing more water from the soil
Or They don’t have a backbone b) i) nitrate ii) Manure
p. 40: a) To protect itself against its predators p. 58: a) bacteria
b) Fooling its predator that it is a wasp & that it can sting b) They release minerals or nutrients into soil which
c) predator are taken up by new plants & help them to grow
p. 41: No questions c) There will be no enough oxygen in soil,
p. 42: a) A: Pieres B: Cydia C: Lilioceris decomposers die & no minerals are produced.
D: Leptinotars E: Myzus F: Forficula Also roots cannot respire, so no more minerals are
b) 1. Body is made of 3 parts (segments) taken up by the plants
2. Has 6 legs p. 59: a) Because it is hard to count & know the exact figures
p. 43: a) X: oystercatcher Y: whimbrel b) The population has increased with a low rate till
b) i) they have feathers ii) they have a backbone 1700, then increased with a high rate
p. 44: A: Atrax B: Lestes C: Musca D: Arion c) Spread of diseases / Immigrations / Medical care
p. 45: A: cheetah B: lion C: zebra D: gazelle d) Because it is hard to predict the effect of the
p. 46: A = Pinnate-leaved Ragwort environmental influence in 100 years time
B = Alpine Aster C = Cowberry p. 60: a) Pale yellow leaves b) Green healthy leaves
D = Fairy Thimble Bellflower c) They will die
E = Common Mezereon p. 61: a) flower: reproduction
p. 47: a) Insects – They have 3 pairs of jointed legs leaf: photosynthesis root: absorption of water
p. 48: b) A: Nepa cinerea stem: transport of water & minerals
B: Ilyocoris cimicoides b) water – oxygen
p. 49: clownfish

2
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 62: a) 1. Volume of water 2. Amount / Type of soil p. 75: a) 100 – 25 = 75
Or Temperature Or Amount of time b) The increase in the mass of the tree (75 kg) is greater
b) Amount of light than the decrease in the mass of the soil (1 kg)
c) The height (length) / size / mass of the plant p. 76: c) water + carbon dioxide glucose + oxygen
p. 63: a) A: leaf B: stem p. 77: a) The roots
b) Fix the plant in soil Or Absorbs water from soil b) Plant absorbs water from the soil by osmosis
c) to attract insects c) Water travels up the stem through the xylem to the
p. 64: a) carbon dioxide – sunlight – photosynthesis leaves to be used in photosynthesis, the rest
b) nitrate – growth evaporates through stomata in the leaves (transpiration)
p. 65: a) photosynthesis p. 78: a) C
b) Because carbon dioxide is needed for b) i) Temperature ii) Type / size of the plant
Or Volume of water given to plants
photosynthesis to make more food. This helps the
p. 79: Less photosynthesis & less food production.
plant to grow faster & have more crop yield
Because Mars is further away from the Sun, so less
c) 1. Height / Dry mass of the plant
Light is available for the plants to make photosynthesis
2. Number of tomato fruits
p. 80: a) nectary – petal b) a seed
p. 66: a) carbon dioxide – glucose
p. 81: a) i) petal ii) anther iii) stigma b) nectar
b) i) To allow sunlight to enter
p. 82: a) petal: A stamen: B ovary: C
ii) A source of carbon dioxide
b) petal: Attracts insects stamen: Produces pollens
iii) For healthy growth
p. 83: a) flower b) pollen – ovum
p. 67: a) 1. B are taller 2. B have paler leaves
p. 84: false – true – true – false
b) light is a form of energy
p. 85: a) flowers can be bright colours b) To attract insects
the sun is a light source
p. 86: fertilizes
c) 7
p. 87: a) Fertilization
p. 68: a) i) There are no enough minerals in soil
b) To reduce competition between young plants and
ii) It is too cold & the water
their parents for sunlight, water and minerals in the soil
Or There is no enough oxygen & carbon dioxide
p. 88: a) To attract insects (for pollination)
b) Because of global warming which makes the
b) anther c) stigma
Earth’s temperature rise up
p. 89: A – C – B
p. 69: No questions
p. 90: How plants attract bees? = They have brightly coloured petals.
p. 70: a) Plot the remaining points & join the points with a How do bees carry pollen? = It sticks to their back legs.
curved line What part of the flower does pollen come from? = The stamen.
b) 25 – it is not on the same curve / not in the same Why does the bee go to the flower? = To drink nectar.
pattern as others p. 91: 1. fruit 2. dispersal 3. pollination 5. Insects
c) decreases / gets dimmer – decrease p. 92: seed dispersal – germination – pollination
p. 71: a) i) water + carbon dioxide glucose + oxygen p. 93: a) E b) F an G
ii) 3 cm3 p. 94: c) Put an X on the anther on the diagram itself
p. 72: b) i) Because the breath contains more carbon (the part labeled F in question b)
dioxide which the plant needs for photosynthesis p. 95: a) wind dispersal
ii) Move the lamp closer / Use more lamps to p. 96: b) animal dispersal
provide the plant with more light needed for p. 97: a) reproduction b) 3rd picture (the one with spikes)
photosynthesis c) Seed dispersal
p. 73: No questions p. 98: d) Wind blows the seeds
p. 74: a) Plot the points & join them with a curved line p. 99: a) anther and filament
Label the x-axis: number of measures of sodium p. 100: b) pollen c) Seed
Hydrogencarbonate p. 101: Left side from top to bottom: wind – animals – animals
Label the y-axis: number of bubbles given off per minute Right side from top to bottom: explosion – explosion – wind
b) 25 bubbles per minute
c) It already contains carbon dioxide

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 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 102: a) Growth of a seed (into a seedling / young plant) p. 118: a) 1st picture = wind dispersal
b) 2 – 1 – 3 2nd picture = explosive seed dispersal
c) 1. Water 2. Warmth (Air / Oxygen is also correct) 3rd picture = animal dispersal
p. 103: a) B – C b) D 4th picture = water dispersal
c) It is dispersed by animals where it sticks to the b) To avoid competition with the parent plant
animal’s fur to be carried to other places for light, water & minerals
p. 104: water – explosion – wind – animal Or Plants can grow in more new places
p. 105: a) 34 p. 119: a) anther b) stigma
p. 106: b) roots are longer/branched – there is a stem & leaves c) 1. Large attractive petals 2. Nectary producing nectar
p. 107: a) A – D p. 120: a) When insects are attracted to flowers, they visit
p. 108: b) flowers & pollen sticks to their bodies. Then insects
0 0 transfer pollen to other flowers. This is called pollination
1 0 b) i) Water dispersal where seeds / fruits float on water
4 3 Or Animal dispersal where seeds stick to fur of
8 7 animals or eaten in fruits by animals & pass out
10 10 Or Dispersal by explosion (explosive release of seeds)
c) Light does not affect germination of seeds ii) Plants can grow in more new places
p. 109: a) Light / Temperature b) Number of seeds / Water
Or To avoid competition with the parent plant
c) Warmth / room temperature for light, water & minerals
p. 110: 1. Germination 2. Growth 3. Pollination p. 121: a) i) Draw 6 bars with no spaces between them
5. Seed production 6. Seed dispersal ii) 20 seeds
p. 111: a) number p. 122: b) When the wind blows from the south-east, the
smallest number of seeds is found in south-east section.
p. 112: b) Put them in a box / cupboard / dark room
When there is no wind, the seeds are found in equal
p. 113: a) animal = sticky burr numbers in each section.
wind = sycamore seed c) 1. To avoid competition with the parent plant
water = coconut for light, water & minerals
b) Explosion 2. Plants can grow in new places
c) The strawberry is eaten & the seeds passes out p. 123: a) where they live b) 1. Food 2. Shelter
in the waste (droppings) as they are undigested p. 124: a) skeleton b) get bigger / longer
p. 114: anthers – stigma c) The snake’s teeth curve backwards Or They are sharp
p. 115: a) stigma d) The snake’s skin is camouflaged so that it can hide
b) The transfer of pollens from the anther to the stigma p. 125: 1. hump to store fat / water
c) Sticky pollen 2. long eyelashes protect it from blowing sand
Contain nectar 3. flat padded feet to stop it from sinking into the sand
Brightly coloured flowers p. 126: 1. Thick fur to protect it from cold
p. 116: a) 1. Anthers / Stamens are hanging outside to 2. White fur for camouflage so that it can hide
allow the wind to blow the pollens Or Flat paws to walk on ice
2. Stigma is feathery to catch / trap pollens p. 127: a) soil – pond – desert – sea ice – tree
b) The joining of the pollen & ovum to form a seed p. 128: b) 1. hump – to store fat / water
c) fruit – seed 2. long eyelashes – protect it from blowing sand
p. 117: a) i) Brightly coloured petals / Nectar Or flat padded feet – to stop it from sinking into the sand
ii) The transfer of pollens from the anther to the stigma p. 129: a) rough periwinkle b) smooth periwinkle
b) i) To avoid competition with the parent plant p. 130: c) They should put the periwinkles in the same
for light, water & minerals position on the shore as they found them
ii) Wind – Seed is light & feathery Or rough periwinkles at high water & smooth
periwinkles at low water

4
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 131: 1. Fat covering to keep the body warm (heat insulation) p. 147: a) Because plants grown in greenhouses have more
2. Webbed feet & flippers for swimming crops which are food for aphids
Or Long beak to catch fish b) i) Because if aphids are not there, they will not find
Or Streamlined shape of body to swim fast food to eat (& may die or decrease in number)
p. 132: producer – prey – consumer – predator ii) Because pesticides will kill the parasitic wasps
p. 133: producer – plankton – Sun c) i) They will decrease in number
ii) Because it depends on biological control
p. 134: a) without introducing any chemicals that might
harm plants or other members of the food chain
p. 148: a) Grass Antelope Cheetah b) Grass
b) i) plankton ii) seal / penguin c) They eat only meat (other animals)
iii) 1. Fish 2. Penguin / Seal d) predator: cheetah prey: antelope
p. 135: a) grass b) grass c) locust d) predator e) They will decrease in number
p. 136: d) p. 149: a) water plants / bamboo plant
b) snails / giant panda
p. 137: a) is food for b) producer c) Because it eats both bamboo plant & fish (animal)
p. 138: c) carnivore – predator d) B – C – D d) It shows the direction of energy flow
p. 139: a) p. 150: e) Because this makes them loose their food & habitat
b) grass c) cheetah p. 151: a) white fur: camouflage to help catch prey
p. 140: a) leaf – ladybird small ears: To reduce heat loss
b) Because aphids are smaller in size & feed directly b) Because energy is lost along the food chain
on the leaf c) It is less affected by changes in seal population
c) Because there are less ladybirds (the aphid’s predator) (If seal decreased, polar bear is not affected because
on the bottom of the leaf than on the top they have another source of food)
d) Maybe all the aphids have gone / died p. 152: a) i) It shows the direction of energy flow
p. 141: a) predaceous insects b) foxes, owls and snakes ii) zebra & gazelle iii) cheetah & lion
c) Plants mice foxes / owls / snakes b) Put the hyena on top with 1 arrow from gazelle
p. 142: a) 4 to it & 1 arrow from cheetah to it
b) Because it can make its own food (by photosynthesis) p. 153: a) predator: A prey: B
and other organisms depend on it to take their food b) i) oak tree
c) Shrimps will increase in number ii) oak tree moth larva blue tit hawk
Their predator decreased / Less cods will eat the shrimps Or oak tree moth larva blackbird hawk
p. 143: a) i) Cabbages – caterpillars – blackbirds – snakes iii) From the Sun (sunlight)
ii) Snakes / Blackbirds p. 154: a) i) cabbages – caterpillars – birds – snakes
b) Blackbirds will decrease in number because they ii) snakes / birds iii) cabbages
will not find enough food (caterpillars) to eat b) They will decrease in number because they will
p. 144: a) Cabbages – slugs – snakes – rooks b) 5 not find enough food (caterpillars) to eat
c) bacteria / fungi p. 155: a) Non-renewable energy source
They decay & break down organic matter from b) coal - crude oil (petroleum)
The dead bodies to provide the plant with useful p. 156: a) 1. Coal 2. Oil / petroleum 3. natural gas
substances needed for growth b) Leads to global warming / acid rain
p. 145: a) cactus and sage bush Or It is non-renewable (will be used up)
b) 1. Hawk 2. Scorpion 3. Snake c) It is the material / matter from living organisms
c) They will increase d) It is not used up, it can be produced again
Because there are fewer foxes eating them (less predators) e) Deforestation causes habitat destruction which
p. 146: d) cactus insect lizard scorpion hawk may lead to extinction of certain species
Or cactus insect lizard snake fox Or It leads to soil erosion / food chain disruption
Or It leads to increased CO2 levels which cause global warming

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 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 157: a) 1. Solar panels 2. Wind turbine p. 173: 1st picture = digestive system = breaks down food
b) i) It is a natural fuel formed from remains of & absorbs nutrients
nd
animals & plants which died long ago 2 picture = circulatory system = transports substances
ii) Because coal is non-renewable (will be used up) around the body
rd
Or Burning of coal to increased CO2 levels which cause 3 picture = nervous system = co-ordinates & controls actions
global warming p. 174: a) skull – rib cage b) contracts / shortens
p. 158: a) Because fossil fuels are non-renewable p. 175: Do it on your own 
(will be used up) p. 176: a) A – D b) Muscles
b) solar energy – wind energy p. 177: a) Muscles b) contracts / shortens
(geothermal energy & biomass is also correct) p. 178: a) moves / rises up b) muscle
p. 159: a) biomass p. 179: a) Muscle B contracts (shortens) and muscle A relaxes
b) i) Global warming & enhanced greenhouse effect b) Heart
This causes rise in the Earth’s temperature leading to p. 180: a) true – true b) false – false
melting of ice at the poles & rise in sea level p. 181: a) The length of her hand print / the length of 1 finger
This might cause flooding which affects the crop b) To make it a fair test
Production negatively c) She repeats the measurement 3 times & takes an average
ii) Wood d) increases e) bone
It is a renewable source of energy & its burning p. 182: a) skeleton b) Draw the bars (separated) & shade them
Helps in recycling carbon in the environment c) rodents d) moles
p. 160: a) Natural disasters as volcanoes or earthquakes p. 183: a) Movement in one plane (direction)
Or Spreading of a certain disease among a certain population Or Bends & straightens
b) Smog might cause acid rain which damages plants b) Supports the body / Protects internal organs
Or Smog causes a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis p. 184: a) A and D Or B and C b) B c) A
p. 161: No questions p. 185: a) fruit & vegetables: E carbohydrate: C
p. 162: a) less – less – less b) control the pollution fat & sugar: F meat, fish & pulses: D \
p. 163: kidneys – lungs – heart – brain – stomach p. 186: b) To be a balanced diet (To stay healthy)
p. 164: Heart – Lungs – Kidneys c) foods with a lot of fat and sugar
p. 165: a) circulatory system: B p. 187: a) fats / oils / sweets b)
digestive system: C fruits / vegetables / vitamins / minerals
nervous system: A p. 188: a) Fatima b) sugary foods – fizzy drinks
b) heart: circulatory system p. 189: a) meat = protein bread = carbohydrate
stomach: digestive system lettuce = roughage (fibre) butter = fat
brain: nervous system b) Eating nutrients of all food groups in the right amount
p. 166: a) A: lung B: stomach C: liver D: brain p. 190: a) 42 % b) (70 + 6) 76 %
b) brain – stomach – lungs b) Needed for growth & tissue repair
p. 167: 1. Heart 2. Brain 3. Lungs 4. Kidneys 5. Stomach c) Heart attack / Diabetes
p. 168: 1. Lungs 2. Brain 3. Kidneys 4. Liver p. 191: No questions
p. 169: intestine = nutrition p. 192: a) Eating nutrients of all food groups in the right amount
kidney = excretion b) As a source of protein (fresh meat & eggs)
spinal cord = sensitivity c) i) disease caused by the lack of an important
uterus = reproduction nutrient of a certain food group
p. 170: Do it on your own  ii) Bleeding gums iii) lack of vitamin C
p. 171: a) stomach b) kidney c) liver d) heart iv) He ate fresh fruit containing vitamin C
p. 172: tissues: muscle (ex: lemon or orange)
organs: liver – heart
organ systems: reproductive

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 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 193: a) too much sugar = tooth decay p. 209: a) A: Lungs B: Liver C: small intestine D: Kidney
too much salt = high blood pressure p. 210: b) 1st one: C 2nd one: A
too little protein = poor growth p. 211: a) time/distance/speed/recovery time/breathing rate
too little carbohydrate = little energy b)
b) i) pineapple – banana Power in watts Heart rate in beats per minute
ii) To prevent constipation by stimulating 70 80
peristalsis, this helps to prevent cancer colon 120 100
p. 194: iii) Fruits contain very little or no fat 170 120
iv) Mass / size / volume of the fruit should be the same 220 140
p. 195: a) esophagus 270 160
b) Draw a line to the stomach & write ‘stomach’ p. 212: a) A: trachea B: Lung
c) large intestine = absorbs water b) Oxygen – blood – carbon dioxide
small intestine = digests proteins, carbohydrates p. 213: sugar + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
& fats and absorbs water, amino p. 214: a) 15 (any figure between 12 – 18 is also accepted)
acids, sugars and fatty acids b) Oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + water vapour
stomach = food is mixed up into a creamy liquid p. 215: a) X: trachea Y: Lung b) oxygen – carbon dioxide
p. 196: a) A: esophagus B: large intestine p. 216: c) breathing in: moves up & out
b) It completes digestion of proteins, carbohydrates & fats breathing out: moves down & in
Or Absorption of the digested food into the blood d) Protects the lungs
p. 197: a) i) increases to reach its maximum (peak) at a pH p. 217: a) i) carbon dioxide ii) Respiration
of 6.5, then it decreases again. p. 218: b) i) Tube C is more turbid than tube A
ii) 6.5 Because the crawling maggots are more active, so
b) The amount of starch / enzyme used they respire more & produce more carbon dioxide
Or The temperature than the germinating seeds
c) A protein which acts as a biological catalyst ii) A control experiment
p. 198: a) the heart to the lungs – the heart to the body iii) Same amount of clear lime water in each tube
b) 1. Oxygen 2. Food c) Carbon dioxide Or Same number of living organisms in tubes A & C
st
p. 199: a) 1 picture on the left (stopwatch) p. 219: a) 1. Percentage of male smokers has decreased
b) beats per minute 2. Percentage of female smokers has decreased
p. 200: c) increase d) prediction Or 1. Percentage of smokers has decreased
e) To make the results more reliable 2. Percentage of male smokers has decreased
p. 201: a) 66 – 60 – 60 – 66 – 54 – 54 b) 60 more than females
b) The decrease in the percentage of smokers means
p. 202: c) i) Stopwatch
less risk of lung cancer
ii) Everybody’s pulse rate varies even when sitting still.
p. 220: a) Moves / sweeps mucus containing dust to the outside
p. 203: No questions
b) Paralysis of cilia / cilia stops working c) Nicotine
p. 204: a) Plot the 4 points (you may join them with a line) p. 221: a) Growth of body hair / pubic hair Or Growth spurt
b) To make it a fair test (same starting pulse) b) i) ovary ii) Production of ovum / egg
c) i) beats per minute / bpm ii) heart c) i) In case of pregnancy, this is needed for
d) longer (more) – higher (faster) implantation of the fertilized egg
p. 205: a) C b) i) blood ii) lungs iii) muscles ii) Breaks down & passes out through the vagina
p. 206: a) X: vein Y: Artery b) Lungs as menstruation
p. 207: a) x-axis: time in minutes p. 222: a) decreases b) To stop / quit smoking immediately
y-axis: heart rate in beats per minute p. 223: a) 1 box: 5 – 2nd box: 4
st
Plot the remaining 4 points & join all the points 4th box: 2 – 5th box: 3
With a smooth curve p. 224: b) i) label the tail ii) label the nucleus
p. 208: b) 140 (any figure between 136 – 144 is also accepted) c) This makes both eggs to be fertilized which leads
c) To pump more blood containing more oxygen & to the development non-identical twins
glucose to the muscles to respire & release more energy

7
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 225: a) Growth of body hair / pubic hair Or Growth spurt p. 235: a) Because some animals fit into more than one
b) 1. Production of ovum / egg (Ovulation) group (ex: some animals can walk and swim)
2. Production of female sex hormones b) plant – They cannot walk, swim or fly
c) i) In case of pregnancy, this is needed for p. 236: c) i) It comes from fossils
implantation of the fertilized egg ii) evidence that supports: they get (gradually) bigger / taller
ii) Breaks down & passes out through the vagina evidence that does not support: the number of ribs goes
as menstruation up and down (over time)
p. 226: a) 1. The size / height of plant p. 237: a)
2. The number / size of leaves D A C B
Or The amount / length of roots p. 238: b)
Or The size / number of flowers B A E D C
b) pollination c) In the nucleus
fertilization
p. 227: a) Ovum / Egg / Female gamete
b) i) Breeding a male brown with a female brown mouse
ii) The offsprings can inherit the brown
information from both parents (not just one)
p. 228: a) brown hair colour
green eye colour
her gender (female)
b) i) nucleus
ii) Gabriella receives this inherited information
when the sperm carrying genetic information
from father fertilizes an ovum carrying genetic
information from the mother
p. 229: a) Choose horses that are fast & breed / mate / cross
them together, these processes are repeated over
generations
b) acquired only – inherited only – inherited & acquired
p. 230: a) 1. It has 6 legs
2. It has segmented body (3 body sections)
Or It has wings
Or It has 1 pair of antennae
b) i) (Charles) Darwin ii)
C D A B
p. 231: a) i) Coo – Lam ii) the ones that produce the most eggs
p. 232: b) size of eggs – resistance to disease
p. 233: a) i) The wolf is bigger
Or The wolf has a more powerfully built body
Or The wolf has a larger head
ii) Because they cannot interbreed
Or If the mate together, they do not produce fertile offspring
b) i) Variation
p. 234: ii) Because domestic dogs have been bred by
people who have selected their characteristics

8
 Chemistry Answers
p. 246: a) To make it a fair test p. 268: a) i) A ii) B
b) As the temperature increases, evaporation will be faster b) By heating to give the particles more energy
p. 247: a) gas: 3rd picture solid: 1st liquid: 2nd c) i) C ii) diffusion iii) Because they are moving freely
b) gas – liquid – solid p. 269: a) solid b) liquid
p. 248: The freezing point of water is the same as melting point of ice. p. 270: c)
The melting point of ice is 0 °C. O O
p. 249: a) melting b) evaporation c) condensation d)freezing O
p. 250: a) 20 O
b) Evaporation / Boiling where liquid changes to gas O O
p. 251: Steam from boiling water condensed on the windows d) motion: Particles move faster
The water vapour in air has condensed on the cold windows
e) They will become further from each other with more
p. 252: a) They have melted spaces & less attraction forces between them
b) Water vapour from the air has condensed on the p. 271: No questions
outside of the glass p. 272: a) 8 minutes b) kinetic – faster – spread
p. 253: a) ice-cream b) 22.5 oC (22 & 23 are also correct) c)
c) Make the 2 marks on the diagram – Butter
p. 254: a) 0 oC b) ice c) -10 oC
d) A: freezing B: melting
p. 255: a) A b) 20 c) The volume decreases p. 273: a) iron b) mercury c) oxygen
p. 256: a) Changes from solid to liquid p. 274: a) gas – liquid
b) Changes from liquid to gas b) c) nitrogen – iron – nitrogen
p. 257:
A–D B C
p. 258: false – true – false – true p. 275: The particles spread out
p. 259: false – true – true p. 276: a) Diffusion
p. 260: a) gas – liquid – liquid – solid b) solid – liquid b) Because particles will have more kinetic energy,
c) liquid – gas d) liquid so they move faster
p. 261: a) hot b) It turns into a solid p. 277: a) diffusion
p. 262: a) A: Nothing B: salt (white crystals) b) The particles in a solid do not move around.
b) water vapour / steam c) A measuring cylinder Solids have a fixed shape.
p. 263: a) larger than b) smaller than c) the same as c) A: melting B: evaporation (boiling is accepted)
p. 264: a) condensation b) evaporation p. 278: a)
c) freezing d) melting
p. 265: evaporates – diffuse – condenses
p. 266: a) gases b) They gain energy & move faster b) i) high – low
c) Because when the temperature increases, the railway ii) Particles use their energy to move around &
track solid particles move away from each other spread out
causing expansion of the metal to fill these gaps p. 279: Most alpha particles go through metal foil
p. 267: a) Solid = The nucleus takes up little space in the atom.
b) gas = spread far apart Some alpha particles are deflected back from metal foil
liquid = closely packed but not in a pattern = The nucleus is positively charged and has a greater
solid = closely packed in a regular pattern mass than the alpha particle.
c) The water molecules gain energy from the Sun, so they p. 280: a) i) 4 ii) 5 b) Be
move more freely & the forces between them c) 1. Lithium has less protons / electrons
decrease. The molecules move further apart & the 2. Lithium has lower atomic number / mass number
water turns into water vapour gas (evaporation) d) Rutherford

9
p. 281: a) Hydrogen p. 300: a) Because metal is a good conductor of heat, but
b) i) protons – neutrons ii) electrons iii) protons – electrons plastic is a bad conductor of heat
p. 282: a) 9 b) 9 c) 10 d) 19 b) They move faster & become further from each other
p. 283: a) Cu b) i) 4 ii) Nitrogen – Hydrogen c) It changes from liquid to gas (evaporation)
Or Sulfur – Oxygen p. 301: a) advantage: Steel is the strongest (strength 400)
c) Atoms disadvantage: It forms rust (iron oxide)
p. 284: a) Fluorine and Neon b) Sulfur c) Sodium b) It does not react with water
d) Sulfur and Neon e) Sodium and Sulfur Or It has the lightest mass (2.7 g)
p. 285: a) 11 c) It does not corrode (doesn’t react with water)
b) Draw 2 electrons on the inner shell, 8 on the d) It is shiny & looks nice
middle shell & 1 on outer the shell p. 302: a) A, C and E
c) It reacts producing a red flame to give hydrogen They all conduct electricity
gas that fizzes & lithium hydroxide (alkali). b) i) Hydrogen ii) Zinc sulfate
p. 286: a) increases – increases b) gas c) -34 oC p. 303: a) 1 (Any answer between 0 & 3 is correct)
p. 287: a) Na b) red – blue
b) Sodium conducts electricity. p. 304: 2 (Any answer above 0 & below 7 is correct)
Sodium is ductile. Because it is an acid
c) i) Hydrogen ii) faster / quicker p. 305: a) indictors b) blue c) purple
p. 288: a) At2 b) 110 OC (from 80 to 130 is correct) c) slow d) sodium hydrogencarbonate
p. 289: a) K b) H c) Cl d) aluminium p. 306: a) 10 (Any value above 7 & below 14 is correct)
p. 290: a) i) F ii) Li iii) Mg b) neutralization reaction c) universal indicator
b) Draw 2 electrons on inner shell & 4 electrons on d) Stir / shake the mixture
the outer shell p. 307: chlorine = element
p. 291: a) period 3 salt water = mixture
b) i) column 7 shaded sodium chloride = compound
ii) Put an X in any box of column 0 p. 308: 1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen
iii) Put a Z in top box of column 4 p. 309: a) compound = water
p. 292: a) Li and Na b) He c) C d) Na d) Li / Na / Ca element = gold
p. 293: a) Lithium, sodium and potassium b) H c) Si mixture = steel
d) Lithium e) Chlorine f) Potassium b) Chlorine = Cl Calcium = Ca Carbon = C
p. 294: a) The atomic number increases across a period p. 310: compounds
Across a period elements change from metals to non-metals mixtures
b) potassium c) Magnesium oxide elements
d) It is malleable / ductile / sonorous / compounds
has high melting (or boiling) point / elements
good conductor of heat (or electricity) mixtures
p. 295: a) neon=Ne sodium=Na nitrogen=N aluminium=Al p. 311: a) iron, calcium & magnesium
b) aluminium – sodium b) i) calcium carbonate & water
c) 1. It is malleable / ductile / sonorous / ii) magnesium, sulfur & oxygen
2. It has high melting (or boiling) point / c) Oxygen
3. It is a good conductor of heat (or electricity) p. 312: a) i) Al – Cl2 ii) CO2 & MgCO3
p. 296: A: non-metal B: Metal C: Metal D: Metal iii) KNO3 – MgCO3 iv) ) KNO3
E: non-metal F: non-metal b) Calcium oxide
p. 297: A: metal B: metal C: non-metal p. 313: a) D b) A c) B
D: non-metal E: metal p. 314: a) C b) E c) D
p. 298: a) poor conductor of heat p. 315: a) element – compound – mixture – element
b) magnesium – sulfur – oxygen b) Hydrogen + Oxygen Water
p. 299: a) 1. C 2. E b) B c) F d) H

10
p. 316: a) 1. Amount of sugar 2. Volume of water p. 336: a) A – B b) C – Fizzing / bubbles can be seen
b) Temperature of water c) Filtration (Sieving is also correct)
p. 317: a) sieve b) insoluble – soluble p. 337: a) i) Copper carbonate ii) Colourless / Clear
p. 318: c) Evaporation b) 1. Dissolving 2. Filtration 3. Evaporation/Crystallization
d) It cools down and turns into liquid water p. 338: a) i) Sulfuric acid ii) neutralisation
p. 319: a) solvent b) insoluble c) soluble b)
d) solute e) solution D F C E B A
p. 320: a) To dissolve the salt b) sand c) Eye protection (goggles) / tie (long) hair back /
c) To make the salt dissolve faster d) sand Wear gloves as a heat proof / Wear a lab coat /
p. 321: a) chalk b) sugar solution c) 2 Use tongs (clamps) to hold test tubes
p. 322: a) Sieve the mixture p. 339: a) The acid burns – Wear safety goggles/lab coat b) 40
The lumps of copper will not go through the sieve p. 340: c) i) 6 ii) The calcium carbonate has all reacted
while powder of salt and steel goes through the sieve d) 1. Mass / Size of marble chips (calcium carbonate)
p. 323: a) dissolves b) solvent c) solute 2. Concentration of hydrochloric acid
d) evaporates e) insoluble p. 341: a) calcium chloride – carbon dioxide
p. 324: a) chalk b) sugar / chalk c) vinegar & chalk b) Because one of the products is carbon dioxide
p. 325: a) i) Heat the water / Stir faster / Crush the mixture gas (bubbles) that escapes
before adding it p. 342:
ii) sand iii) sugar D C G H A I E B F
b) solution – soluble p. 343: magnesium – sulfur – copper chloride
p. 326: a) instant coffee powder = Water turns brown. p. 344: a) magnesium oxide b) zinc chloride
iron filings = Grey solid is at the bottom of the beaker. c) sodium hydroxide d) copper sulfate – carbon dioxide
red powder paint = Water turns red. p. 345: a) i) yellow ii) blue iii) 7 iv) sodium chloride
chalk = White solid is at the bottom of the beaker. b) copper carbonate – magnesium
sugar = Water is colourless. Solid cannot be seen. p. 346: a) decrease b) gas: carbon dioxide – liquid: water
indigestion tablet = Bubbles are in the water. p. 347: a) endothermic
Solid cannot be seen. exothermic
b) indigestion tablet - 5 – endothermic
c) 1. Iron filings 2. Chalk b) 1. Sodium chloride 2. Water 3. Carbon dioxide
p. 327: a) does not dissolve in water / insoluble p. 348: a) i) exothermic ii) sodium hydroxide – hydrogen
has a melting point of 700 oC / high melting point b) burning – neutralization
p. 328: b) add water, filter and evaporate the filtrate p. 349: No questions
c) use a magnet p. 350: a)
p. 329: a) By using a magnet Length Temperature at the Temperature at Temperature
Because iron is magnetic (attracted to magnet), in cm
o
beginning in C
o
the end in C
o
change C
While the 2 other substances are non-magnetic 1 20 22 2
b) Draw the diagram for filtration using the following labels: 2 21 25 4
beaker – filter funnel – filter paper – filtrate - residue 3 21 27 6
p. 330: c) Evaporated / turned into water vapour 4 21 26 5
p. 331: a)evaporation – sieving – filtration – magnetic attraction 5 21 31 10
b) add water & stir – filter – evaporate 6 22 34 12
p. 332: c) Because the holes in sieve are small enough to b) result for 4 cm c) exothermic
let the sand through them but not the peas p. 351: a) A reaction that gives out (releases) heat
p. 333: a) b) sand b) exothermic – exothermic – exothermic – endothermic
A C F E B D c) D
p. 334: B = evaporation F = filtration p. 352: less – more – less – less
p. 335: a) water
b) To cool the water vapour / steam & make it condense

11
p. 353: a) i) More gas is collected when the concentration p. 368: a) aluminium and copper chloride
of the acid is higher lead and copper chloride
p. 354: ii) Because as the concentration increases, there b) i) Hydrogen ii) exothermic
will be more particles per unit volume. There p. 369: a) displacement
are more chances for the particles to collide b) i) zinc sulfate + copper
together due to overcrowdness. ii) Because copper is less reactive than zinc
b) Repeat the experiment / Use wider range of concentrations (it cannot displace zinc)
p. 355: a) calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride p. 370: a) Type of metal salt solution
+ carbon dioxide + water b) Volume of metal salt solution / Size of nail /
b) 1. Volume of gas collected Time nail left in / temperature
2. Time taken to collect gas c) Because iron is less reactive than sodium
c) 1. Mass of calcium carbonate p. 371: a) 10 b) Iron
2. Volume of acid p. 372: c) (most) calcium – magnesium – zinc – iron (least)
Or Surface area of calcium carbonate p. 373: a) (most) magnesium – zinc – copper (least)
Or Temperature b) Displacement c) Copper
p. 356: a) i) Powdered marble p. 374: a) core = centre of Earth
ii) Because it has a larger surface area which crust = outer part
allows more collisions of particles of reactants mantle = part made of liquid rock
b) calcium chloride – carbon dioxide – water b) igneous – metamorphic c) fossil
p. 357: a) i) A ii) C p. 375: a) Left: core Right up: crust Right down: mantle
p. 358: b) Catalysts speed up chemical reactions b) Iron / Nickel
p. 359: a) catalyst p. 376: a) A: crust B: mantle b) solid – iron
b) i) Temperature p. 377: a) mantle b) iron
ii) Volume / Concentration of hydrogen peroxide p. 378: c) 4600 million years old
p. 360: water – oxygen p. 379: a) Igneous b) Sedimentary
p. 361: a) iron b) oxygen – water c) Metamorphic d) Sedimentary
c) Paint / Coat in oil / Coat with zinc (galvanizing) p. 380: a) fossils b) 8 legs / 2 body parts
p. 362: a) rust present – rust absent – rust absent – rust absent c) spiders existed before mammals
b) Oxygen c) Coat with zinc (galvanizing) / Paint mammals could live in the same place as spiders
p. 363: a) No p. 381: a) hard – decayed – age b) E
In dry air aluminium corrodes slower than iron. p. 382: c) The temperature of the molten rock would
Also, in sea water aluminium corrodes slower than iron
have destroyed the remains of the organism
b) Because all the corrosion speeds are the same for both
p. 383: a) i) Remains of living organism preserved in rock
p. 364: c) Corrosion is faster in acid rain
ii) B – C
d) 1. wear eye protection (goggles)
b) By the (hot) magma / By rock E
2. wear protective clothing (lab coat) & gloves
p. 384: a) i) igneous ii) Magma cooled slowly (took longer time)
Or Use an acid not being too concentrated
b) E c) fossils
p. 365: a) Neon = Ne Nitrogen = N Sodium = Na
p. 385: a) gravel b) 10
b) magnesium sulfate – iron
c) clay – higher up the measuring cylinder / above silt
c) Iron is more reactive than copper
d) more – large – less
p. 366: a) i) 2 ii) 3
b) Nothing will happen (No reaction)
c) sulfuric acid – water
p. 367: a) i) 1. Potassium 2. Sodium 3. Calcium ii) Hydrogen
b) aluminium and silver nitrate
calcium and zinc sulfate

12
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)

Physics Answers
p. 389: a) weight b) 5 p. 413: a) D B
p. 390: a force – slow down – air resistance
p. 391: a) not useful
not useful C
useful b) the same – less
not useful p. 414: a) On Earth his mass is 90 kg
not useful In space his mass is 90 kg
useful b) i) 1800 N ii) 200 N
p. 392: b) slow down / stop – change direction p. 415: a) A – C b)
p. 393: a) b) N c) bigger / greater / more
p. 394: d) the force needed will be about 2.6 N p. 416: c) i) weight / gravity ii)
p. 395: No questions p. 417: a) Because the forces are equal (balanced)
p. 396: a) i) 50 ii) 6 b) The force from James decreased (became less)
b) higher – further p. 418: a) Force needed to pull the wooden block
p. 397: No questions Mass of the masses used
p. 398: a) b) i) The force needed to move the wooden block
Number of marbles will be less than with the rougher surfaces
5 ii) Smoother surfaces have less friction
2
3 2 p. 419: a)
b) 1. Height of the ramp / Number of books
b) 2 – 3 – 2 2. Ramp surface (material)
p. 399: Isaac Newton Or Weight / Mass / Size of object
p. 400: a) b) ice p. 420: c) Because it is too large & doesn’t fit the pattern
p. 401: a) Z b) W d) Repeat the test again
p. 402: Lily’s mass is the same when her hands are up or down. p. 421:
p. 403: a) use the same mass of modelling clay light thermal Thermal
use the same size of material sound sound kinetic
p. 404: b) B p. 422: a) kinetic b) thermal / heat c) light
p. 405: more – less d) light e) potential
p. 406: a) force: Newton – N p. 423: thermal kinetic
mass: gram/kilogram – g/kg sound electrical
weight: Newton – N p. 424: light – thermal – chemical
b) Sound level meter p. 425: a) A: both kinetic & gravitational potential energy
p. 407: She is pulled towards the Earth by the force of gravity. B: both kinetic & gravitational potential energy
p. 408: a) b) Friction increases C: both kinetic & gravitational potential energy
c) Speed decreases D: only gravitational potential energy
p. 409: a) 4 – 8 – 12 – 15 p. 426: b) A and C c) C d) Speed is decreasing
p. 410: b) Yes – To make it a fair test c) p. 427: a) 120 b) 100
p. 411: a) forcemeter b) To make the results more reliable p. 428: a) 300 b) 600
c) (9.3 + 9.6 + 10.2) / 3 = 9.7 p. 429: a) i) light energy ii) thermal / heat
d) Make a circle around 32.6 (1st row 2nd number) b) thermal / heat energy c) chemical energy
p. 412: friction – air resistance p. 430: The Earth takes 1 year to orbit the Sun.
The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours.

13
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 431: Mike p. 449: a) i) Mercury / Venus
p. 432: a) 24 hours b) 1 year ii) Jupiter / Saturn / Uranus / Neptune
c) Because the Earth spins on its own axis b) more time than an Earth year
p. 433: Galileo Galilei c) It reflects light coming from the Sun
p. 434: a) Jupiter b) Mercury c) Mercury – Venus p. 450: a) A: Mercury B: Venus b) F c) 5
p. 435: a) 24 b) 365 ¼ p. 451: a) orbit b) 24 c) a source of light
p. 436: The Sun is at highest position in sky = The Sun in South d) reflected by its surface
The Sun is appearing to rise = The Sun in the east p. 452: a) yes – no – no – no – yes b) reflected
The Sun is appearing to set = The Sun in the west p. 453: 1. The Sun 2. The Moon Or Planets
p. 437: a) Divide the Earth into 2 & shade the left hemisphere p. 454: The Sun
b) Put an N anywhere on the right hemisphere & M p. 455: a) Moons were going round / orbiting Jupiter
anywhere on the left hemisphere b) January 13th Or January 15th
p. 438: a) The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours. c) Moons could be passing in front of or behind Jupiter
The Earth orbits the Sun every 365 days. at certain times (hidden behind the planet)
b) Put an X on the opposite side (left side) p. 456: d) They were too small to be seen
p. 439: Put 6 in the box exactly on the opposite side (left side) Or The telescopes were not powerful enough to see
Put 9 in the box exactly at the bottom (vertical axis) The other moons
p. 440: a) Divide the Earth into 2, put a D on the left hemisphere e) Religious / traditional conflicts
and an N on the right hemisphere
p. 457: a) The Moon orbits the Earth
b) spins the ball on its axis
b) The Sun rises & sets everyday & the Earth does
p. 441: a) true – false b) true – false c) true – false
not seem to move
p. 442: a) i) B ii) A iii) E
p. 458: mass of tablet: balance
b) Venus is reflecting light coming from the Sun
temperature of the water: thermometer
p. 443: a) The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours.
volume of water: measuring cylinder
b) both Luca and Anya c) Earth – Jupiter
p. 459: a) Thermometer b) B – D – C
p. 444: a) A: Mars B: Earth C: Mercury D: Venus
c) It has no lid (cover), so the liquid will evaporate
b) planet C – planet C
p. 460: a) 14 b) 0.8
p. 445: a) The Earth stays about the The Sun always appears
same distance from the = the same size
p. 461: a) Balance / Scales b) Measuring cylinder
Sun in its orbit c) Density = Mass/Volume = 40/50 = 0.8 g/cm3
p. 462:
The Earth spins on its axis = We have day and night. D F C A H G E B
3
It takes 24 hours to spin once p. 463: a) Balance b) 78.7 g c) 110 – 100 = 10 cm
d) Density = Mass/Volume = 78.7/10 = 7.87 g/cm3
The direction of the Earth’s spin = The Sun rises in the east p. 464: a) Balance / Scales
on its axis is from west to east. b) Measure the length (L), the width (W) and the
b) Venus height (H) with a ruler / measuring tape and
p. 446: a) A – B b) A: Mercury D: Mars F: Saturn c) A then multiply them together L x W x H
p. 447: a) Yes c) Density = Mass/Volume = 210/30 = 7 g/cm3
Mercury is the closest to the Sun and takes the d) g/cm3
shortest time for orbit the Sun, while Mars is the p. 465: a) Density = Mass/Volume
furthest and takes the longest time b) Step 1: Put 100 cm3 of water in a measuring cylinder (V1)
p. 448: b) i) No Step 2: Put the rock in water & find out the new reading (V2)
Earth is cooler than Mars but closer to the Sun. Step 3: Volume of the rock = V2 – V1
st 3
Also, Mercury is cooler than Venus but closer (Draw 2 measuring cylinders; 1 one with 100 cm of
nd
to the Sun. water V1 & the 2 one with water & the rock with a
ii) Information about more planets like Jupiter, higher level of water V2)
Saturn, Uranus & Neptune
c) gravity is higher (greater) on Earth than Mars

14
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com
p. 464: yes
It contains the same material, as density depends
on the type of material & does not depend on size
Or no
rock may be uneven composition, so there are
different densities of material within it
p. 467: a) Mass: Balance / Scales
Volume: Ruler / measuring tape (regular),
Measuring cylinder (irregular)
b) Mass: stay the same
Volume: increase
c) They move (vibrate) faster by gaining energy
p. 468: stays the same – increases – decreases
p. 469: a) force – area – pressure b) area – force – pressure
p. 470: a) The air particles move around and hit the inner
sides of the balloon causing pressure
b) 1. They move faster & collide more
2. They move further apart from each other
c) It enlarges / gets bigger
p. 471: Book B
A smaller area is in contact with the table, so the
force exerted by the same book on a smaller area
causes greater pressure
p. 472: Force/Area = 10/2 = 5 N/cm2
p. 473: a) i) The water pressure is greatest at C.
ii) The readings become higher (increase)
p. 474: b) i) The pressure at P, Q and R is the same.
ii) The readings become higher (increase)
iii) The gas particles move around and collide with
the inner walls of the tank causing pressure
p. 475: a) A
A greater area is in contact with the floor, so the
weight (force) is more spread out
p. 476: b) Force/Area = 40 000/0.25 = 160000 N/m2
p. 477: a) Particles of the air (gas) collide with the walls of
the tyres causing a force on these walls
b) increase
particles have more energy, so they move faster
making more collisions with the walls which
makes a greater force
p. 478: a) The pressure increases
b) The pressure decreases
c) Particles of the air (gas) collide with the sides of
the beaker causing a force on these sides
15
Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 479: A – E
p. 480: Mike is half the weight of Oliver & Mike is twice as
far from the pivot than Oliver.
Mike’s moment is 500 × 2 or 1000 (Nm)
Oliver’s moment is 1000 × 1 or 1000 (Nm)
So, Mike’s moment is equal to Oliver’s moment
p. 481: a) Both boys are the same distance from the pivot
and have the same weight (force). So both
moments are equal
b) The see saw tips to the right Or Mike will go down
p. 482: c) It balances / stays the same / does not move
d) The see saw tips to the left Or Ahmed will go down
p. 483: a) Clockwise moments equal to anticlockwise
moments for a system to be balanced
p. 484: b) i) Moment = Force x Distance = 50 x 0.3 = 15 Nm
ii) The force or push can be exerted further from
the pivot (longer distance) to increase the
moment while exerting the same force
p. 485: a) radiation b) conduction
p. 486: a) convection b) conduction
p. 487: a) convection b) conduction
c) conductor d) insulator
p. 488: a) conduction b) insulator
c) convection d) radiation
p. 489: a) Particles with greatest energy escape lowering
the average energy of the liquid (particles left).
Water changes from liquid to a gas where the
particles absorbs energy from the liquid.
b) Particles on the inside (warmer side) vibrate
more & collide with the neighbouring ones.
These vibrations are transferred through the solid
p. 490: a) Average speed = Total distance/Total time
= 300/15 = 20 m/s
b) Stops / At rest
c) Returns back to the starting point d) faster
p. 491: a) 6
b) The line has different gradients / steepness / slopes
p. 492: a) measurement: Distance in meters
measuring instrument: Measuring tape
b) To work out an average time & speed.
To improve the reliability of the results
p. 493: a) B: reaction C: friction D: weight
p. 494: b) Speed = Distance/Time = 45/10 = 4.5 m/s
c) greater / bigger
p. 495: a) 1. Same distance between timing gates
2. Same surface of ramp / Same height of ramp
Or Same position of start line
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 496: b) i) 1. Distance between the timing gates (in metres) p. 525: a)
2. Time taken to travel between the timing 6 2
gates (in seconds) 11 1.5
c) Speed = Distance/Time = 1/2.5 = 0.4 m/s p. 526: b) the amplitude decreases with distance
p. 497: a) Average speed = Distance/Time = 10/4 = 2.5 m/h p. 527: a) energy – vibrate b) i) D ii) C
b) Time = Distance/Speed = 6/1.5 = 4 hours p. 528: b) iii) Draw 2 waves
p. 498: a) true – true b) false – false Wave length of both is the same
p. 499: true – true – false – true Height of 1st wave (on the left) is shorter than
p. 500: No questions the 2nd wave (on the right)
p. 501: a) Draw the results of Lea (70, 85, 100) as separated bars p. 529: a) A b) A
p. 502: b) long tape measure p. 530: a) Sound A has a lower pitch than sound B
c) It is the shortest distance / smallest number Sound D is louder than sound A
d) Ben e) To get more reliable results b) B – C
p. 503: a) vibrates p. 531: a) D b) B
p. 504: b) pitch is higher in investigation 1 c) increases c) Draw a single wave as in D but with amplitude as B
p. 505: a) vibrations b) pitch p. 532: Blessy can see something because light entered her eyes
c) 1. Tighten the strings The light from Blessy is reflected by the mirror
2. Shorten the strings Or Use thinner strings p. 533: a) Because her hand blocks the light
p. 506: a) Ruler b) C c) C is the shortest b) moves her hand closer to or further from the torch
p. 507: a) Vibrations b) Hits a smaller (shorter) key c) 13:00 p. 534: a) It blocks the light Or It is opaque
p. 508: d) Gets louder and then gets quieter b) A c) opaque
e) Acts as a sound insulator (muffles the sound) p. 535: a) It blocks the light Or It is opaque
p. 509: a) left box : low – right box: high b) C c) opaque
b) left box: high – right box: low p. 536: a) Sunlight is blocked by the pointer to form a
p. 510: c) left box: low – right box: high d) drums shadow on 14:00 on the time scale
p. 511: a) Vibrations (of the balloon) b) the Earth spins on its axis during the day
b) Sound level meter c) decibels c) Because there is no sunlight at night
p. 512: a) vibrates b) higher pitch c) quieter / less volume p. 537: a) the object is opaque b) increases
p. 513: c) Play the violins harder. p. 538: c) stays the same
Have more violins playing. p. 539: No questions
p. 514: A high pitched sound always has a high frequency. p. 540: a) Plot the points & join them with a line
p. 515: a) Vibrating b) 35 cm
b) It longitudinal waves of compressions & rarefactions p. 541: a) shadow
c) Gets louder d) The pitch becomes higher b) Move the puppet away from the light source
p. 516: a) It vibrates c) The one on the left side (1st one)
b) frequency – pitch – amplitude – loudness d) They would see nothing
p. 517: a) Vibrating b) It increases p. 542: a) A b)
c) Gets louder d) The pitch becomes higher
p. 518: a) A and B b) particles / medium / matter p. 543: a) 3 – 2 – 1
p. 519: a) vibrates b) compression b) direction – shiny – dull
p. 520: a) air particles b) close together – far apart p. 544: D
p. 521: No questions p. 545: a) Prediction
p. 522: a) C b) C c) D d) D p. 546: b) Plot the points & join them with a line
p. 523: a) i) less than ii) the same as c) 25 d) 60
p. 524: b) Loudness: Whistle 2 is louder than whistle 3 p. 547: a) shadow
Pitch: Whistle 2 has a lower pitch than whistle 3 p. 548: b) 1st (smallest image) = closest to the screen
2nd (medium) = at the mid-point
3rd (biggest image) = furthest from the screen

16
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 549: a) Emily should stand up straight when Sam draws p. 566: b) . An arrow from the light source to the mirror
the shadow. (on the incident ray)
Emily should stand on the chalk marks each An arrow away from the mirror
time Sam draws the shadow. (on the reflected ray)
b) Because she is opaque, she blocks the light . Put an i between the incident ray & the normal
p. 550: c) Maya d) The Earth spins on its axis . Put an N for the dotted line (normal)
p. 551: a) (from the monitor to his eyes) . Put an R for the reflected ray
p. 552: b) (from the mirror to the outside)
(from the lamp to his eyes) p. 567: a) i) straight line through both holes to reach the screen
ii) straight line drawn to hit card B (not passing)
p. 553: a) 4 b) Because one “Pierre” can be seen easily iii) Because light can only travel in straight lines
p. 554: normal p. 568: b) Draw 2 straight lines, both passing through the hole
angle of incidence angle of reflection The lines hitting the screen & crossing over each other
incident ray reflected ray p. 569:
mirror White
p. 555: a) C b) i is always the same as r Black
p. 556: green Black
white Blue
blue
Yellow
p. 557: orange – yellow – green – blue – indigo
p. 570: a) The moon reflects sunlight on the bat which
p. 558: a) i) It is reflected ii) Refraction
reflects this light to the child’s eyes
b) Put R on the ray on the top, V on the ray on the bottom
b) i) Draw 1 straight line from the light source
c) The red part of the spectrum remains & the other
passing by the top of the bat to reach the wall
colours disappear
& another straight line passing by the top of
p. 559: a) light ray
the bat to reach the wall. Shadowed area is the
prism
area on the wall between the 2 straight lines
light source
ii) It gets smaller
spectrum
c) Ruler / Measuring tape
slit
p. 571: a) i) Because the book reflects light coming from
b) white c) Put an X anywhere within the prism
the light bulb to their eyes
p. 560: a) i) reflection
ii) 2
ii) The angle between the ray of light (incident ray) &
b) Put an i between the incident ray & the normal
the normal
Measure the angle of incidence & draw a reflected ray
p. 561: b) refraction with an angle of reflection equal to the angle of
p. 562: c) incidence (its direction is away from the mirror)
p. 572: steel – iron – nickel
p. 573: a) S – N – S b) Iron / steel / cobalt / nickel
c) Move away from each other
p. 574: a) N – S
S–N
b) attract c) repel
p. 563: a) i) cyan ii) magenta iii) white p. 575: a) C
p. 564: b) changes to light b) 1. The size / material of paperclips
p. 565: a) B – Because light travels in a straight line 2. The distance between the magnet & the paperclips
p. 576: c) steel scissors – iron horseshoe
p. 577: a) Magnetism is a force
Most magnets are made of iron
p. 578: b) A – It held the most pins c) Same type of pins

17
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 579: can – cannot – cannot – cannot – can – can p. 592: c) By using a wider range of the number of turns
p. 580: a) Using an electromagnet (use 1, 3, 5 turns)
b) Because steel is attracted to magnets Or Use the same size paper clips to make sure the test is fair
(magnetic), while aluminum is not attracted to Or Repeat the experiment & get an average value
magnets (non-magnetic) p. 593: a) Circle the result for 5 volts
p. 581: No questions p. 594: b) The paperclips are made from non-magnetic material
p. 582: a) A ruler b) 6.4 cm
c) No – 3.2 cm is a shorter distance (and stronger
magnets would give a longer distance) c)
p. 583: a) North pole – South pole b) iron – steel
c) They will be attracted to each other N S
p. 584: a) The 2 magnets repel each other
S\\\\S
The 2 poles are the same (are like each other)
b) The iron stand is attracted to the magnet
p. 585: both the south pole and the north pole
p. 586: a) Yes, because repulsion can happen only
between like (same) poles of 2 magnets p. 595: a) She uses steel wire in one experiment & copper
b) wire in the other one introducing another
variable within the same experiment
p. 596: b) i)
N S N S Number of coils mass of iron filings in grams
S 5 2
S\\\\S 10 6
15 23
20 18
p. 587: a) They all repel each other because like poles are 25 22
next to each other 30 25
p. 588: b) They attract each other because unlike poles ii) The more the number of coils, the greater the
are next to each other mass of iron filings
p. 589: a) iii) Make a circle around 15 coils / 23 grams
iv) Repeat the experiment again
p. 597: a) A: coil / wire B: core
b) part A – material: copper
b) i) An arrow head on the line drawn from N to S part B – material: iron
ii) p. 598: true – false
p. 599: cell = 5th picture
lamp = 1st picture
N S
switch = 6th picture
S\\\\S
p. 600: switch: 5th picture
wire = 4th picture
p. 590: a) Iron b) copper & aluminium lamp = 3rd picture
c) Because the metal core is now demagnetized cell = 2nd picture
p. 591: a) the electromagnet stronger resistor = 1st picture
Or the electromagnet pick up more objects
b) Yes, because the table shows that more turns p. 601: 1st circuit diagram = 4th picture
pick up more paper clips. For example, 4 turns 2nd circuit diagram = 2nd picture
picked up 2 nails while 6 turns picked up 4 nails 3rd circuit diagram = 1st picture
4th circuit diagram = 3rd picture

18
 Dr Karim Rashad
Karim.elsayyed@gmail.com Science Year 8 (Secondary 1 Checkpoint)
p. 602: p. 629: a) parallel b) i) ammeter ii) current / amps
No Yes p. 630: c) 7.5 amps d) 7.5 amps
No No p. 631: a) Draw the lamp & the ammeter connected with wire
p. 603: a) copper b) insulator b) The current is not too large / off the scale of his ammeter
p. 604: a) conductor – copper b) Rubber / plastic p. 632: c) i) Plot the 4 points correctly
p. 605: copper – conductor – rubber – insulator ii) Draw a line of best fit (passes through most points)
p. 606: conductor – conductor – insulator – insulator d) 2.4 (2.3 & 2.5 are also accepted)
p. 607: a) Do it on your own  b) decreases p. 633: a) A1 = A2 + A3
p. 608: c) an iron nail – a coin b) 1. Use a battery of higher voltage
p. 609: a) If the lamp lights up, the material is electric conductor 2. Replace the lamp L2 with a smaller resistance lamp
b) copper c) rubber p. 634: a) Draw an ammeter symbol connected in series &
p. 610: a) Top: battery / cell a voltmeter symbol connected in parallel across
From left to right: (open) switch – lamp / bulb – wire the lamp
b) Because there is a gap / circuit is broken b) equal to c) It will increase
c) The batteries are wrongly connected
(the wrong way round)
p. 611: add another cell – make the wires shorter
p. 612: a) Do it on your own 
b) The lamp can be anywhere in the circuit.
p. 613: a) add another cell
p. 614: b) Draw a circuit with 3 cells, 2 switches & 2 lamps
using the correct symbols
p. 615: No questions
p. 616: a) copper / silver b) silver c) plastic
p. 617: a) bright – dim
p. 618: b) Do it on your own 
p. 619: a) B – C – A
p. 620: b) Do it on your own 
p. 621: a) decreases / gets dimmer
b) decreases / gets dimmer
p. 622: a) i) smaller than ii) opposite to
b) i) repel ii) attract iii) attract
p. 623: a) electrons move off the metal
p. 624: b) H c) To make it safe & prevent electric shock
p. 625: a) positive charge – negative charge
b) i) Rub the comb with a piece of cloth
ii) They stick / are attracted to the charged comb
iii) Because the plastic is neutral, so it can be
charged by rubbing
p. 626: a) Lamp (light bulb) / Buzzer b) electric insulator
c) brass rod
graphite centre from a pencil
p. 627: a) Draw the ammeter symbol beside the motor symbol
b) C
p. 628: c) A2: 3 A3: 2 A5: 5

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