Professor Simon Berkovich

Department of Computer Science

The George Washington University
Washington, DC 20052

Connotation of Life Beyond Molecular biology

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 The worldview of physics and biology
One of the profoundest enigmas of nature is
the contrast of dead and living matter ( H. Weyl
Biology – “Disease of Matter” an anomaly from the standpoint of straightforward physics

There’s nothing in the known laws of physics to compel matter

to organize itself into life. P. Davis

Even when all the possible scientific questions have been answered,
the problems of life remain completely untouched
L. Wittgenstein

How memories are stored in the brain is not likely to be

affected by the discovery of the final theory
S. Weinberg

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 Interrelation of Life and quantum mechanics
?
MYSTERY OF LIFE MYSTERY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

Quantum entanglement
is a resource, like energy
Stanford Encyclopedia
of Philosophy

Living matter involves intensive

control operations

Quantum mechanisc is not

applicable to the description
of macromolecules, let alone
the dynamics of cells

Biological information processing

requires Cloud Computing 3
Dalai Lama: Religion Without Quantum Physics
Is an Incomplete Picture of Reality

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 Preliminary notes on cellular automaton construction of the Physical Universe:
a priori advantages - automatic inertia and relativity
The key point – an inherent physical attribute resulting in quantum mechanics
Preferential direction for
moving elementary particles

3d exploratory designs
http://uncomp.uwe.ac.uk/wuensche/multi_value/3d_glider_guns.html

For biological
Information processing
the main requirement is
Cloud Computing
Generic
“Game of Life” Will be given further
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 Quantum mechanics weirdness
Most successful theory of of Nature
About 1/3 of GNP comes from quantum mechanics.
Basically, there is no branch of Natural Science that
.
is not affected somehow by quantum mechanics
But it is an algorithmic construction rather than a scientific theory
In the decades since quantum mechanics was discovered,
physicists and philosophers have not stop arguing over what it means.
They will probably be debating it a century from now.
Many physicists doubted that a rational explanation of quantum
phenomena would ever be found

"If you think you understand quantum theory . . . you don't understand quantum theory."
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So, what should be studied?
Efforts to understand quantum mechanics
1927 Fifth Solvay Conference Wikipedia gives ~ 15 variants for
On Electrons and Photons, interpretation of quaqntum mechanics

17 of the 29 attendees were or

became Nobel Prize winners,

“An interpretation of quantum mechanics is essentially

an answer to the question: ’What is the state vector?’
Antohny Sudbery,
Quantum mechancs and the particles of nature,
Cambridge,University Press, 1989, p.212 7
 Principles of
Quantum Mechanics

Why Complex
Numbers?
Adjustments to established activities do not
help: what is needed is one simple robust Quantum States
principle – a single missing element that  with imaginary numbers
goes to the very foundations of physics are absolutely real 8
Unidirectional anisotropy of the basic inertial frame of reference
Mechanistic description of Nature ---- Galilean relativity:
all inertial frames of reference are equivalent (not exactly right)
Elementary particles --- appear from cellular automaton relocations
Matter exists only in motion --- Generative Velocity - Vg

Vg ~ 300 – 600 km/sec (controversial data)

y
This quantum
direction is of Physics splits in
medical significance two types of objects

Macro objects and separated micro objects in between

Bulk bodies are not affected by the unidirectional anisotropy,
described by Euclidean Coordinates  Newtonian mechanics (1)
Isolated particles are affected by the unidirectional anisotropy,
characterized by inclination with respect to Vg  quantum mechanics (2)
Mesoworld --- erratic behavior and the problem of biological complexity 9
Quantum Mechanics foundation: presenting quantum states by complex numbers

α v
Vg

-α -v
θ

State of a micro object is presented by a three parameters:

α - inclination angle of its velocity v with respect to Vg : RANGE - π/2 < α < π/2
Θ - turning angle in the plane orthogonal to Vg: Cyclic mod 2π
Sign of α --- is the attribute of spin alleged to intrinsic angular momentum: BINARY ±

The pairs <α), Θ> present quantum state vectors Complex

as complex numbers I Ψ > = α • eiΘ U{α=0} Vector
Space
Wave-particle duality. Example - free moving particle:
Ψ = A exp(i • px • x/ħ) -, real undulations with Θ 10
 A mathematical curiosity

Quantum Physicists Find Pi

in a Very Strange Place

Surprisingly, there's a hidden connection between π

and Quantum Mechanics. A formula for the energy
states of the hydrogen atom reveals out of the blue:

Tamar Friedmann and C. R. Hagen, University of Rochester

Quantum mechanical derivation of the Wallis formula for π
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS 56, 112101 (2015)
http://www.futurity.org/pi-quantum-mechanics-1046522-2/

So, quantum mechanics formalism is a mathematical abstraction

Notably, our construction incorporates a range variable: 0..π/2
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 Modus operandi of quantum mechanics
Two processes: covert evolution and overt measurement
Cellular automaton particle exists as long as it moves sticking to the direction Vg
Thus, a micro particle --- IΨ > -- moves without a trajectory meaning that it relocates from
one place to another by motions whose velocity at certain moments may essentially deviate
from the generative velocity Vg; so the particle disappears intermittently until reinstating at
one of its composition states, where 1,2, 3… are the eigenstates of an applied operator,
This expression is assumed
normalized, so the particle collapses in one of the eigenstate,say, n, with the probability Cn 2
The measuring apparatus detecting the corresponding eigenvalue gets in the same eigenstate.
Thisl eigenstate is absorbed by macrobody’s Vg, and after some time turns into zero-vector.
So, the boundary between quantum and classical phenomena Is determined acording
to the suggested separation of micro and macro worlds
The instrumentally created reality of quanrtum mechanics has nothing to do with human
consciousness as delineated by the famous Shcrödinger’s Cat Paradox

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Spin: Quantum effect applied to drifting particles: V << V g

Stern-Gerlach apparatus
Components of V
Orthogonal to
Generative
Velocity Vg

Splitting particle beams with

inhomogeneous magnetic field
- The surmised mechanism of spin is sensitive
to absolute orientation of the apparatus
Various tests of such kind of effects can be undertaken
by putting this apparatus on a turntable 13
 Entanglement --- “the greatest mystery in Physics”
The Einstein, Podolsky,Rosen paraox

The Einstein, Podolsky,Rosen paper ends by saying:

While we have thus shown that the wave function does not provide a
a complete description of the physical reality, we left open the question
of whether or not such a description exists.
We believe, however, that such a theory is possible.
The original EPR effect for velocities is just mildly confusing, yet it becomes
completely unacceptable with later reformulation for spins and polarizations
<if quantum nonlocality> “is correct,
it signifies the end of physics as a science”
A. Einstein 14
 The EPR paradox for spins and polarizations --- illusion of non locality

Photon’s momentum is p= kħ and polarization is associated with its projections;

drifting is applied to the measurement apparatus rather than tothe particle; Vg << C.

A copy of the experimental A famous allegory of Bertelmann’s socks

setup with point symmetry
Producing the illusion
Vg +α
of non-locality
The expected values of spin can be
precalculated from astronomical stands.
This may ompromise using quantum
entangelement for secure communication

-α
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 Quantum link to non-existing photon
Anton Zeilinger, a physicist at the University of Vienna,
agrees that the experiment demonstrates just how
slippery the concepts of quantum mechanics are.
"It's really neat because it shows more or less that
quantum events are outside our everyday notions
of space and time."

As we’ve covered before,

As for how the Israelis physicists entangled two photons
that never coexist, the technique is rather complex.
They start by producing two photons (1 & 2) and
entangling.them The first photon (1) is immediately
measured, destroying it and fixing the state of the second
photon (2).Now a second pair of entangled photons (3 &
4) is created. hey then use a technique called “projection
measurement” to entangle 2 and 3
— which, by association, entangles 1 and 4.
Even though photons 1 and never coexisted,
they know the state of 4 is the exact opposite of 1.
entanglement seems to occur
instantly, even if the particles are
on opposite ends of the universe.
This experiment shows how
entanglement exists through time,
as well as space — or, in scientific
terms, the non-locality of
quantum mechanics in spacetime.
http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/
156673-the-first-quantum-entanglement-of-
photons-through-space-and-time
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 Polarization of photons: quantum effect
as a result of drift in measurements: c >>Vg

Linear polarization is produced

by changing directions of photons Vg Vg
motion by reflection, refraction,
selective absorption, and scattering c

Vg Simplest case
of correlation
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 Quantum interference –- mystery in its most strange form
A phenomenon, which is absolutely impossible to explain in any classical way
Richard Feynman
Photons or particles of matter
(like an electron)
produce a wave pattern
when two slits are used

“Interference between two different photons never occurs” ----- Dirac

Single particle interference – how can it happen?
Unusual physical effect --- short term memory due to quantum detection
Every act of quantum measurement leaves an imprint of a quantum state
The detecting place of the screen falls in the eigenstate - the same as that of the particle
Atoms in this place get some inclination to Vg that gradually straightens out.The process
of memory retention is a kind of spin relaxation lasting seconds and even much more.

See: Mikael Afzelius, Nicolas Gisin, Hugues de Reidmatten,

“Quantum Memory for Photons “, Phyics Tooay, Dec. 2015, pp.42-47 18
 Testing quantum detection memory
Prediction: After a regular two-slit exposure, the same interference pattern should stay
when one slit is blocked. Such an effect might have been already observed
Daniel L. Alkon, “Either-OR’ Two slit Interference: Stable Coherent Propagation of Individual
Photons Through Separate Slits Biophysical Journal, Volume 80, May 2001, 2056-2061

Outcomes may depend on the screen material, its temperature, wave

lengths, and my be affected by spatial orientation of the apparatus.
N.B. Observations may have to be prepared in the darkness 19
What does this imply for Biology?

However, Quantum Mechanics does not provide breakthrough for Biology,

Biological information processing is Cloud Computing

This essential point has to be substantiated

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 Biology in the general picture of Nature
Gravitation

Cosmology Large

Internet of Things
Holographic mechanism Complex
Biology

Quantum mechanics

Elementary particle physics Small

Cellular Automaton Infrastructure 21

Cellular Automaton Unfolding into the “Internet of Things”

Classical
regularity
Macro --- Cosmology (averaged)

Non-classical
strangeness
Meso --- Structures and Biology (holography
feedbacks)
Complex numbers
Secondary Micro --- Quantum mechanics for quantum states
Holographic appear from unidi-
Mechanism Clock pulses of wave trains: 10-11 sec rectional anisotropy

Full Spectrum of Stable Elementary Particles Constituents of the

material world
Constant phase stretches for gravity with amplification -- ‘dark matter”

Driving Rule of
Primary driving mechanism mutual synchro-
Cellular Automaton EThER InfraStructure (CAETERIS) nization
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 Overview of the Cellular Automata model
with the suggested quantum mechanics concept
This concept is not an ambiguous interpretation of quantum mechanics,
but a comprehensive robust theory that makes clear testable predictions
The corner stone of the edifice of quantum mechanics-
unidirectional anisotropy of the basic inertial frame of reference corroborates
cellular automaton view on the organization of the physical Universe.
In this respect, we will overview our Cellular Automaton Model
CAETERIS (Cellular Automaton ETher InfaStructure),
and rectify some inaccuracies in the reported publications Helicoidal
Propagation- ---
Drifting

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 Two types of solutions
X

Vg

Helicoidal traveling waves

  f ( z  vt ) Z - “quasi-particles”
d
0 Phase change discretization —
Y dt
d rotation-propagation congruity 
 const
d maximum speed -- c

D2 4  D1 2  v  b  0 --- Characteristic equation

The paradox of instantaneous diffusion --- constant phase stretches

Shielded by phase discretization

Gravitation with “dark matter’ amplification

V ~ 10 • c
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The complete collection of stable constituents of the material world

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Quantum mechanics is also applicable to composite
semistable particles , like neutron

Decayng kernels --- Weak interactions --- noncoservation of parity

e- ν p+
~Vg

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 Quantum Mechanics on Top of the CAETHERIS

Radius – 17.5 b.l.y.

Local geometry ─ 3D lattice

Global geometry ─ Hypersurface of 4D sphere

Transformational rule ─ distributed fault-tolerant synchronization

Equation for the phase of circular counters : 

Non-linearity fault-tolerance condition: discretization of phase changes

Arbitration protocol to avoid deadlocks: the origin of CPT invariance
Dimensionless parameters (artifacts of the design): α=1/137 and ε ~1040
Two classes of solutions: "slow" spiral waves and "fast" diffusion spread
Two global periodic cycles: matter formation and diffusional wave trains
The origin of Cloud Computing --- establishment of a holographic mechanism
Holographic Universe memory with recording in moving spherical layer
The global pulse clock rate driving the physical world: 1011 Hz 27
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 The Universe is a Cyber-Physical System
combining informational and material processes
Holographic Universe COSMOLOGY
The very fast diffusion backgound is involved in
gravitation and formation of reference beam for
the holography process in what is cpnsidered
Cosmic Microwave Bakground. This revealed in
its anisotropy – “Axis of Evil and “Cold Spot “
Memory medium BIOLOGY
Circular counters can perform memory functions
by retaining phases of their oscillations, an idea
in von Neumann’s Patent 2815488. This memory
Is the pivot factor for the interactions of macro-
molecules and the organization of Life
FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
Material world
CAETERIS produces traveling wave solutions
that exactly correspond to the whole collection
of stable elementary particles of matter electron,
proton, photons and three types of neutrinos28
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 Genome functionality: principle of requisite variety

~ 22,000 genes

Biological information control must comply with "the basic law of requisite variety“: appropriate
selection is absolutely dependent on the processing of at least that quantity of information.
“Future work must respect this law, or be marked as futile even before it has been started"
Ashby, W. R. (1962). Principles of the self-organizing system. In H.V.Foster and G.W.Zopf
(editors), Principles of Self-Organization, Pergamon Press Oxford, pp. 255-278. 29
Informational processes in the Holographic universe
(1) Permanent writing in the global multilayered memory
(2) Temporal fixation of reactions in localized caches

Spreading
activation Rear pole
layer conjugate reading

Global holographic
recording
Front pole
reference beam
writing
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The enigma of “Cold Spot” in CMB evinces the Holographic Universe

Holography layer

CMB ellipsoid

RN
RS
Cold Virgo
Spot Front Solar Cluster
03h 15m pole system 12h 27m
−19° 35′ +12° 43′
Eridanus

Also, Anomalous Anisotropy,

Axis-of-Evil
• The origin of “Cold Spot” --- CMB view is obstructed by the reference beam
• Blueshifted Virgo galaxies are approximately opposite to the “Cold Spot” (tangent vs. chord?)
• Where all the biological information processing originates

Mysterious 'Cold Spot' In The Universe –

And What's Not There - Puzzles Scientists 31
http://www.techtimes.com/articles/47527/20150420/mysterious-cold-spot-in-the-universe-and-whats-not-there-puzzles-scientists.htm
Behavior of macromolecules as an antithesis to quantum mechanics

Small particles Large molecul;es

Quantum weirdness Organized behavior

Macromolecules must have some property not

reducible to conventional phyiscs
foresight of P.L. Kapitsa
The Future of Science, 1959
Kapitsa, Pyotr Leonidovich (1894-1984)
Russian Physicist, Nobel Laureate 1978

One of the main properties of the living matter – to reproduce itself – may appear
as a result of some unknown forces, which are yet unexplainable by the identified
laws of physics. Long sequences of atoms may attain this new property, while in
singular atoms and simple molecules this property may go unnoticeable
Informational aspect in macromolecular chemistry
Large molecular aggregates cannot just interact physically ---
Information Control 32
 Analogy in the organization of
macromolecule interactions and military battles

Command
posts
Control
communications

Holographic
replicas
Information
signals
Information disparity
In vivo and in vitro
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 The hardest problem in the Universe
How the protein” knows” how to fold the right way?

Real molecules fold in a fraction of a second,

while trying possible combinations would take
biliions of years. Thus, capabilities of
computational modeling are limited.
The presented theory for quantum mechanics Copying folded proteins
suggests an extra possibility of drifting effects. Universe “xerox machine”
It might be interesting to try it computationally

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Two types of Protein Folding diseases
Holography Uncertainty Closure
replication randomization restoration
1. Collection of insoluble protein plaques
Amyloidoses Alzheimer Prions
2. Lack of a correctly folded protein
Cystic fibrosis Cancer
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 Physical influencing on the organism’s control caches
Alignment with the determinative quantum direction
Does electromagnetic energy cause cancer?
Reports on slight increase in children leikemia from high voltage lines, breast
cancer risk from electricity, mobile phones –possible cancerogen in humans

Biological harm
from mere presence
of electro-magnetics

Facts are mixed up with their interpretation --- Considered EMF are too small
But it is the the exposure to electricity that may cause biological harm
Control caches of macromolecules
can be seen as a kind of aura surrounding
biological organisms similarly to various
speculations of esoteric medicine
No known methods have detected aura

Suggested actions may reveal various biological effects, starting with the EMF cancer 35
Analogous physical situation: outcomes just
from neighboring without apparent impact
The presented effect may influence
quantum imprints on the screen

The outcomes may be

affected by the spatial
orientation of the apparatus

The given effect supports

our before considered
approach to medical
treatment by acting on
control cache memories
of biomolecules

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Overriding the information configurations by aligning with relocating material activities
Information Action by Matter (IAM) impact
Physical influences on macromolecules control caches that constitute a kind of “aura”
surrounding biological organisms can occur as a result of colliding of informational
confrgurations with electromagnetic and other material (like nuclear) activities
through their corresponding alignments. .

Comparing to the aura in esoteric medicine

Direction of the absolute

motion of the Earth

To begin with, the surmised

effect for the EMF cancer
can be dependably verified,
by a prolonged alignment,

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 Mitigating the risk of side effects
in treatments with IAM impacts
ionizing radiation affects matter, IAM -information

Temporal detachment of ailing organs

Blood processing in auto transfusion

Localized application of the alignment

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 Passing through the blood brain barrier

Blood brain barrier protects glia interface from extraneous substances

At the same time, such protection hampers application of remedies

The suggested IAM impact can reach macromolecule

configurations through the blood brain barrier. May be
essential for different untreatable neurodegeneration
conditions from malformations of proteins, like in
Alzheimer’s, “Mad cow” and various other diseases.

IAM impact
On protein
debris
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 Conclusion

1. In accordance with the presented concept of quantum

mechanics the essence of Life is not linked to the
mysteries of quantum behavior.

2. Proper understanding of the phenomenon of Life requires

revision of fundamental physics to uncover intensive
Information processing facilities in the Physical world
With the given concept of quantum mechanics these facilities can
be realized in accordance with the suggested Cellular Automaton
model of the Universe

3. Meanwhile, biologists can already adjust their view of living systems

in terms of the supposed Internet organization. This may lead to
productive developments. Analogously, in the modern World, most
people are cognizant of the Internet influences on their existence,
although very few of them care about how it does actually work.

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 An example of a typical Internet outcome:
Challenging the Scientific method
Concerns of Irreproducibility
Nature 496, 7 (04 April 2013) --- proposal for promoting replication studies
http://www.nature.com/news/if-a-job-is-worth-doing-it-is-worth-doing-twice-1.12727
In recent years, biomedical science is plagued by findings that cannot be reproduced.
Not every paper needs to be medically relevant, but at the very least they should all be reproducible.
Reproducibility separates science from mere anecdote.
Nature 487, 432 (26 July 2012) ---mandate ethics methods in papers (!?)
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v487/n7408/full/487432a.html

Erratic behavior in the mesoworld

Physics Today, Vol. 65, No. 8, August 2012, pp. 29-35
E. Barkai, Y. Garini, and R. Metzler, “Strange kinetics of single molecules in living cells”
Measurements of one molecule may not yield the dynamical behavior
of another identical molecule under the same physical conditions
and may not be reproducible and invariant under time translation
The irreproducibility of time-averaged observables in living cells poses
questions for statistical mechanics and reshapes our views on cell biology 41
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