Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CEE-312
Structural Analysis and Design Sessional-I
(1.0 credit)
Lecture: 1

Sourav Ray
Lecturer
Dept. of CEE, SUST
sourav.ceesust@gmail.com

Courtesy:
Bijit Kumar Banik
Faculty, CEE SUST
Syllabus

Industrial Roof Truss Analysis

Evaluation process

Attendance 10%

Class performance 20%

Mini project 30%

Final Exam 40%

Total 100%
References

1. Supplied sheet

2. Design of steel structures

– Elias G. Abu-Saba
3. Simplified Design of steel structures
– Harry Parker and James Ambrose
4. Strength of materials
– Andrew Pytel and Ferdinand L. Singer
Why steel structures?

Better quality control

Lighter

Faster to erect

Reduced site time- Fast track construction

Large column free space and amendable for alteration

Less material handling at site

Less % of floor area occupied by structural elements

Better lateral and earthquake load resistance

Why not?

Skilled labor is required

Higher cost of construction

Higher maintenance cost

Poor fireproofing, as at 10000F (5380C) 65% &

at 16000F (8710C) 15% of strength remains

Electricity may be required

Stress-strain diagram

Elastic design

Plastic design F
D

C E
B
Stress

A = Proportional limit
A B = Elastic limit
C = Yield Strength
D = Ultimate Strength
E = Rapture Strength
F = Actual Rapture Strength

Strain
Centriod

The centroid of a body is the center of its mass (or masses), the point at which it
would be stable, or balance, under the influence of gravity.

Centriod of a composite structure

A × Y = A1 × Y1 + A2 × Y2 + ......

Y 5 A = 5X1+5X1=10
A1 1
10XY = (5X1)X5.5+(5X1)X2.5
Y =4
5 Y1=5.5
A2
Y2=2.5
Y
X
1
Double Moment of Area (So called Moment of Inertia)
The Double Moment of Area (I) is a term used to describe the capacity of a
cross-section to resist bending. It is a mathematical property of a section
concerned with a surface area and how that area is distributed about the
reference axis.
Y

x dA
I x = ∫ y 2 dA

y I y = ∫ x 2 dA

X
Moment of Inertia
For rectangular section

Y
A 3
bh
b Ix =
12
h
X
I x= Moment of inertial about centroidal X-axis

X’

Transfer formula

I x ' = I x + Ad 2
Moment of Inertia
P

1
1
CA
8

P ( 1) ! ! !
es st if f er than
A = 8X2
1 6 t im
(2) Is 2
4
2
CA

A = 2X8
Moment of Inertia
2
12”X1”
CA2
d2 A = 24.8+12X1=36.8
CA
d1
36.8X Y = 24.8X(26.75/2)+(12X1)X27.25
Y = 17.9
26.75”
CA1 Y
1

d1= 17.9-26.75/2=4.52
d2= 26.75-17.9+0.5=9.35
I1 = 2850 in4 I2= (1/12)*12*13=1
A1 = 24.8 in2
I = (I1+A1d12) + (I2+A2d22)

={ 2850+24.8*(4.52)2}+{1+12*(9.35)2}
= 4407 in4
Moment of Inertia

The deflection of a beam under load depends not only on the load, but also
on the geometry of the beam's cross-section. This is why beams with higher
area moments of inertia, such as I-beams (properly denoted as: wide-flange
beams), are so often seen in building construction as opposed to other
beams with the same cross sectional area.

Divers reducing their moments

of inertia to increase their rates of
rotation
Radius of gyration (r)
Describes the way in which the area of a cross-section is distributed around
its centroidal axis. If the area is concentrated far from the centroidal axis it
will have a greater value of ‘r’ and a greater resistance to buckling.

I
r=
A

where
r = radius of gyration
I = moment of inertia
A = area of the cross section

Folding paper example

Radius of gyration (r)
12.7 k 54 k 28k 44 k

All members has X-sectional area = 3-1/8 in2

8 ft

2” 4“ Tube Tube
Solid Standard 4”X2”X5/16” 3”X3”X5/16”
round rod pipe
r = 0.5 r = 1.51 r = 0.74 r=1.07
Section Modulus (Z)

The section modulus of the cross-sectional shape is of significant importance

in designing beams. It is a direct measure of the strength of the beam.

Section modulus Load taking capacity

Mathematically can be expressed as

c
I
Z=
c
Where, Z = Section modulus
I = Moment of Inertia of area
c = distance from the neutral axis to the remotest element
Sections
Sections
Tension members
1. Chord Members in trusses
Vertical Top chord
Diagonal

Bottom chord
Tension members
2. Diagonal bracing in bracing systems
Tension members
3. Cable elements in suspension roofs, main cables
of suspension bridges and suspenders

The Verrazano-Narrows in USA was the largest from 1964 until 1981.
It serves a main span of 1298 meters. Now 7th.
Compression member
Compression member
1. Columns in buildings

;
–
Compression member

2. Chord Members in trusses

3. Diagonal members in end panels of trusses

;
–
Beam member
Open web joist
Wide flange section

Designation W 10X30
W is the short for Wide-flange
10 is the height (h)
30 is weight per linear length
Channel section

Designation C 3X4.1
C is the short for channel
3 is the height (h)
4.1 is weight per linear length
Angle section

Designation L 1.5X2X1/8

L denotes angle
1.5 is the height (d)
2 is base length (bw)
1/8 is the thickness(t)
AISC chart sample (Wide-flange)

pp- 571-578; Strength of materials-By Singer (4th edition)

AISC chart sample (Channel)

pp- 581-582; Strength of materials-By Singer (4th edition)

AISC chart sample (Angles)

pp- 583-588; Strength of materials-By Singer (4th edition)

Group Formation

Four groups