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MATERIALS
4 Pure Bending
Pure Bending
• Bending is a major concept used in the design of many machine and structural
components, such as beams and girders.
Pure Bending
Pure Bending:
Prismatic members
(柱状杆)subjected
to equal and
opposite couples
acting in the same
longitudinal plane
• Eccentric Loading: Axial loading which does not pass through section
centroid produces internal forces equivalent to an axial force and a couple
• Transverse Loading:
Concentrated or distributed
transverse load produces internal
forces equivalent to a shear force
and a couple
• Principle of Superposition(疊加原
理): The normal stress due to pure
bending may be combined with the
normal stress due to axial loading
and shear stress due to shear loading
to find the complete state of stress.
M y z x dA 0
M z y x dA M (Positive
direction of M)
Bending Deformations
Beam with a plane of symmetry in pure bending:
• member remains symmetric
Example
A steel bar of rectangular cross section is subjected to two equal and
opposite couples acting in the vertical plane of symmetry of the bar.
Determine the value of the bending moment M that causes the bar to
yield. Assume σY = 250MPa.
20mm
60mm
Since the neutral axis must pass through the centroid C of the cross section,
we have c = 30mm.
60mm
360×10-9
250MPa
0.03
3kN m
3
yA 114 10
Y 38 mm
A 3000
121 bh3 A d 2
I x I A d 2
12
1 90 203 1800 122 1 30 403 1200 182
12
I 868 103 mm 4 868 10-9 m 4
1.96875106 mm 4
• Calculate the maximum stresses
Mc 4500 Nm 0.0375 m
max 85.7 MPa
I 1.96875 10-6 m 4
b max max b max 85.7 MPa
s max n max 2 85.7 MPa s max 171.4 MPa
113.1 mm 2
P 700 N
0
A 113.1106 m 2
6.2 MPa
Approach:
1. Determine equivalent centric load and
bending moment.
2. Superpose the stress due to a centric
load and the stress due to bending.
3. Evaluate the critical loads for the
From Sample Problem 4.2, allowable tensile and compressive
stresses.
A 3 103 m 2
Y 0.038 m 4. The largest allowable load is the
smallest of the two critical loads.
I 868 109 m 4
The End