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    Chapter 5: GRE Word List is excerpted from The Insider's Guide to the GRE CAT. 2nd edition, by Karl Weber. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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    Original Title

    Peterson s Ultimate GRE Tool Kit

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    Chapter 5: GRE Word List is excerpted from The Insider's Guide to the GRE CAT. 2nd edition, by Karl Weber. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used without the prior written permission of the publisher.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    714 views351 pages

    Peterson S Ultimate GRE Tool Kit

    Uploaded by

    lyasa77
    Chapter 5: GRE Word List is excerpted from The Insider's Guide to the GRE CAT. 2nd edition, by Karl Weber. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used without the prior written permission of the publisher.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 351

    About Thomson Peterson’s

    Thomson Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books
    and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid. Its Web site offers
    searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests and
    instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid. Thomson Peterson’s serves 110 million education
    consumers annually.

    Petersons.com/publishing
    Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding the test
    and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book. We’ve made sure the information in this book is
    accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time of publication.

    For more information, contact Thomson Peterson’s, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648;
    800-338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at www.petersons.com/about.

    © 2004 Thomson Peterson’s, a part of The Thomson Corporation


    Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

    Chapter 5: GRE Word List is excerpted from The Insider’s Guide to the GRE CAT.
    2nd Edition, by Karl Weber. © Petersons, 2002.

    Editor: Mandie Rosenberg; Production Editor: Megan Hellerman; Manufacturing


    Manager: Ray Golaszewski; Composition Manager: Gary Rozmierski; Cover and
    Interior Design: Allison Sullivan; CD Producer: Carol Aickley; CD Quality
    Assurance: Jeff Pagano.

    Contributing Writer: Keith Cox

    ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
    may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or
    mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or
    information storage and retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of
    the publisher.

    For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online
    at www.thomsonrights.com
    Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to
    thomsonrights@thomson.com

    ISBN 0-7689-1432-9

    Printed in the United States of America

    10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 06 05 04

    First Edition
    Contents
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 V 2
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    ABOUT THIS TOOL KIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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    Your Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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    v 2
    2
    1
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    Structure of the GRE CAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 2
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    2
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    INTRODUCTION .............................. 1 22
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    Does This CAT Have Claws? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
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    The Unique Peterson’s Approach—Adaptive 2
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    Preparation for an Adaptive Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    HOW TO USE THIS BOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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    1
    PART I: UNDERSTANDING THE GRE
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    Chapter 1: Everything You Need to Know about 2
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    1 the GRE CAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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    Chapter 2: Section Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2
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    PART II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND
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    WEAKNESSES 2
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    Chapter 3: Diagnostic: Dipping Your Big Toe in
    1
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    the GRE Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2
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    PART III: SECTION REVIEW 2
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    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2
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    Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 2
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    1 Chapter 5: Verbal Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 2
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    Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 2
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    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review. . . . . . . . . . 227 2
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    Take It to the Next Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 2
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    1
    PART IV: THREE PRACTICE GREs
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    Chapter 7: Preface to Practice Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . 256 2
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    Practice Test 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 2
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    Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 2
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    1 2
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    Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 2
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    2
    1 Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 2
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    iii
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    Practice Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 2
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    Answers and Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
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    Chapter 8: Closing Remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 2
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    2
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    PART V: APPENDIX
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    About the CAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 2
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    2
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    2
    2
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    2
    1
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    iv

    www.petersons.com
    About This Tool Kit

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    2
    2
    1 Tools
    Your
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    Peterson’s Ultimate GRE Tool Kit provides the complete package you 2
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    need to score your personal best on the GRE and get into your top-choice
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    program. Unlike any book previously published, this tool kit contains 2
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    many features that used to be available only to those who purchased 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 expensive test-prep classes. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    e-Tutoring 2
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    Use the CD to go on line to register for one-on-one math help from a live 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expert whenever you need it. Tutoring is offered using an on-line 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    whiteboard shared by you and the tutor, which allows you to communi- 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 cate with one another in real time. However, if you prefer, you can submit 2
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    your math question in writing instead and receive a written answer within 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 24 hours. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The free tutoring offered with this product is limited to 30 minutes, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    although you may purchase more time if you need it. A written response to 2
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    a submitted question counts as 20 minutes. The tutoring service is
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    1 available for six months from the date you register on line. Note: The 2
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    e-tutoring service offered to purchasers of this 2005 edition will expire on 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    January 1, 2006. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week for most of the 2
    2
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    1 year. During the summer the service is available from 9 a.m. to 1 a.m. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Eastern Standard Time. Due to low demand, the service is not available 2
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    during several holiday periods, including Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Labor Day, and Memorial Day. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Remember, to register for this service, you will need the CD that 2
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    accompanies this book. You will also need to refer to this book to provide 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the access code when prompted.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    v
    About This Tool Kit

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    Essay Scoring 2
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    The CD that accompanies this book allows you to write 2 practice test
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    essays on line and receive a score for each of them, which approximates 2
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    your performance on the essays in the actual GRE. In addition to a score, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you will also receive constructive feedback on your essays, including tips 2
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    to improve your score. 2
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    With this tool kit, you get scoring for 2 practice test essays—one analysis 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of an issue and one analysis of an argument. If you wish, for a fee, you may 2
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    obtain scoring information and feedback for additional practice essays 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    you write on line. 2
    1 Note: Your practice test essays will be scored by a computer, but on the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    actual GRE test, the essays are scored by a combination of a computer 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    program and a human reader.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    To register for the essay-scoring service you need the CD that accompanies 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    this book. In addition, you will need to refer to this book to provide the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 access code when prompted. Note: The scoring of 2 essays is offered free 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to purchasers of the 2005 edition and this offer will expire on December 2
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    31, 2005. 2
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    Computer-Adaptive Tests on CD 2
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    The actual GRE is a computer-adaptive test (CAT)—the test questions you
    1 see depend on your performance on previous questions. On the CD-ROM, 2
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    which accompanies this book, you receive 3 practice GMAT CATs that
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    carefully reproduce the experience you can expect on test day. The 2
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    2
    2
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    additional 3 practice tests in the book can be used for further practice. 2
    1 2
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    1
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    1
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    2
    1
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    vi 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    About This Tool Kit

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    STRUCTURE OF THE GRE CAT 2
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    Test Section Number of Questions Time
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    Allotted 2
    2
    1
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    Computer-Based General Test 2
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    2
    2
    1 Analytical Writing 2 writing tasks
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    75-minute section 2
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    Present Your Perspective 45 minutes 2
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    2
    2
    1 on an Issue
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    Analyze an Argument 30 minutes 2
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    2
    2
    1 Verbal 30 questions 30-minute section
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    Quantitative 28 questions 45-minute section 2
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    Paper-Based General Test 2
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    Analytical Writing 2 writing tasks 75-minute section
    1
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    Present Your Perspective 45 minutes 2
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    on an Issue 2
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    Analyze an Argument 30 minutes 2
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    Verbal 30 questions 30-minute section
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    Quantitative 28 questions 45-minute section 2
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 vii
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Introduction

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    2
    2
    1
    Does This CAT Have Claws?
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Unless you’ve been living as a hermit in a hut for the past twenty years, 2
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    chances are good you have already taken at least one standardized test in
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    your lifetime. And we bet the list of tests you might have taken reads like a 2
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    bowl of alphabet soup: SAT, ACT, ITBS, TAAS, MAT, and the PSAT/ 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 NMSQT, to name just a few. Standardized tests such as these have become 2
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    a fixture of America’s educational system, and like them or not, they are 2
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    not going away anytime soon. Students encounter them at every stage of 2
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    their education—like toll booths on the academic highway. Students in
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    grade school get the ITBS or a similar exam. Teenagers hoping to enter 2
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    college must pass through the SAT or ACT Assessment toll booth. For
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    those brave folks who wish to enter graduate school, the exit is labeled 2
    2
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    1 GRE (Graduate Record Examination). 2
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    1 If you have taken the SAT, you will already be somewhat familiar with the 2
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    GRE. Both tests are administered by the same company. Each test is a 2
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    2
    timed, multiple-choice exam that schools use as a factor when making 2
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    1 enrollment decisions. Like the SAT, the GRE has a Quantitative (math) 2
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    section and a Verbal section, and many of the questions in these SAT and
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    1 GRE sections are similar in style. For example, there are analogy, sentence 2
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    completions, and reading comprehension problems in the Verbal section of 2
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    both tests. Many of the math topics covered on the SAT—geometry, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    algebra, understanding charts and graphs—make an encore appearance on 2
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    1 the GRE.
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    While these similarities exist, don’t be fooled into thinking the GRE is 2
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    simply another SAT. The GRE is more like the SAT’s weird older brother. 2
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    Although you can see some family resemblance, some big differences are 2
    2
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    pretty obvious as well. For example, both tests have analogy and sentence 2
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    1 completions problems, but GRE questions are typically much harder, since 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 they employ a more advanced vocabulary. This is because the GRE
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    problems assume a college-level vocabulary, while the SAT questions are 2
    1 set at a lower, high school level. This is just one reason why the GRE can be 2
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    1
    Introduction

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    seen as an older brother, since it is geared toward an older, college- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    educated audience. The GRE’s weirdness comes from its unusual format. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The SAT remains a pencil-and-paper test, meaning students across the 2
    1 country are still using chewed-up number 2 pencils to fiercely darken ovals 2
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    on a score sheet. In contrast, the GRE is now primarily a Computer 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Adaptive Test (CAT), so all questions appear onscreen and are answered
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    by using a mouse to click on an answer choice. 2
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    X-Ref
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    There are still some places, mostly outside of the United States, that offer 2
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    pencil-and-paper versions of the GRE. For more information about these 2
    1 exams, and about registering for the GRE in general, turn to the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Appendix. 2
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    The GRE CAT is more than just a pencil-and-paper test transposed onto a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    computer screen, and unless you have taken the GRE previously, it is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 unlikely you have ever experienced an exam like it. For one thing, the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    method used to score the GRE CAT is radically different from most tests. 2
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    Most exams start with easy questions, and then gradually progress to 2
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    medium and harder problems. People taking this type of test might get the 2
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    easiest problem wrong but still manage to answer the toughest problem 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    correctly. In the end, the number of right answers is added up (regardless 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of which question was answered right or wrong), and a score is eventually 2
    2
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    1 determined.
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    On the GRE CAT, things are a bit different. How well (or not well) you
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    answer each question determines the next question. In each section of the 2
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    test, you start off with a question that has a medium difficulty rating. If
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    you get it right, the computer says, “Okay, Brainiac, you handled that one, 2
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    now try this tougher problem.” If you get the next problem right, you get 2
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    1 a harder question, and if you get that one correct, an even tougher 2
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    question comes next. Depending on how you answer each question, the 2
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    computer adapts the next question to make it either harder or easier than 2
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    the next one. The way the computer adapts your GRE experience will be 2
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    different from what other GRE test-takers experience, so even though 2
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    you’re all taking the same GRE CAT, you’re not seeing the same problems 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as everyone else. In the same way, if you get the first question wrong, you’ll 2
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    get an easier one. And if you get the easier questions wrong, you’ll see an 2
    2
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    easier question.
    2
    1
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    1 One consequence of the computer adaptive format is that getting a high 2
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    score means handling only medium and hard questions. The more difficult 2
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    2
    2
    1 your questions are, the higher your score potential, and vice versa. And
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    there are no easy questions at the start of a section to help you get your feet
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    2 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Introduction

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    wet. The first question will be somewhat difficult, and it may well be the 2
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    easiest problem you see on that section. In terms of your score, seeing only 2
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    medium and tough questions tells you that you are getting problems right, 2
    1 which is good news. However, having to answer one challenging question 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    after another makes the testing experience a really nerve-wracking, 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 unpleasant affair, kind of like visiting a dentist who holds a personal
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    grudge against your gums. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    The Unique Peterson’s Approach—Adaptive 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    Preparation for an Adaptive Test
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    Test preparation is not a “one-size-fits-all” proposition. Each person has 2
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    different strengths and weaknesses, different quirks and anxieties. We 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    designed Peterson’s Ultimate GRE Tool Kit with those differences in 2
    2
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    mind. We provide a two-tiered approach that lets you decide how best to 2
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    organize your program of study to suit your needs. The first tier is the
    1 general instruction in this book, and it provides skills and strategies you
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    will need to handle medium-level questions on each section. You then have 2
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    an opportunity to Take It to the Next Level, and learn skills and strategies 2
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    for the hardest questions on the GRE. No other GRE test-preparation
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    book does this. It’s the next best thing to having a personal tutor. 2
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    How to Use This Book

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    2
    2
    1 How do you know where to begin? We give you a roadmap. After you read
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    Chapters 1 and 2— required reading for all GRE CAT takers, no matter 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what—take the diagnostic pretest in Chapter 3. Use the scoring discussion 2
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    provided on pages 32–33 to assess your current GRE CAT testing level. 2
    2
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    You can then either follow the suggested course of study we provide, or 2
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    design your own.
    2
    1
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    Your personalized Peterson’s GRE course of study will help you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    accomplish four things:
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    1. You will become thoroughly familiar with the computer adaptive 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    test format. 2
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    2. You will be comfortable with all question types you will 2
    2
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    1 encounter on the three sections of the test. 2
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    1 3. You will brush up on any weak subject areas. 2
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    4. You will learn and practice specific test-taking strategies to help 2
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    you achieve your target score. 2
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    If you give yourself enough time to work through your personalized course 2
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    of study at a measured pace, you will accomplish all of these things. 2
    1 2
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    Combining relevant factual knowledge with a sound strategic approach is
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    the best way to score well on any standardized test, not just the GRE. This 2
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    book will provide you with the facts and strategies you need to succeed on
    1 the GRE. The first step is to learn about the computer adaptive format, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    covered in the next chapter. So, let’s get started. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    4
    PART

    I
    Understanding the GRE
    Everything You Need to Know
    about the GRE CAT 6
    Section Strategies 19

    PART I
    Chapter

    Everything You Need to


    1
    Know about the GRE CAT
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    Once upon a time, people who wanted to take the GRE (Graduate Record 2
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    Examination) and go to graduate school had to take a paper-and-pencil 2
    2
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    test much like the SAT they had to take to get into college. They had to 2
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    show up at a test center early on a Saturday morning with dozens of other
    1 prospective grad students, all with their number 2 pencils sharpened, ready 2
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    to fill in a lot of answer sheet bubbles and spend pretty much the entire 2
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    morning slogging through the test. 2
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    That was before the CAT (Computer Adaptive Test) came along and 2
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    2
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    changed everything. . . . 2
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    No more number 2 pencils, no more answer bubbles; the GRE world 2
    2
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    1 changed. Like anything new, of course, the GRE CAT takes some getting 2
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    used to. Most students have taken countless paper-and-pencil tests, but 2
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    few have taken a high-stakes standardized test in a computerized format. 2
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    In this chapter, we’ll help you get a grip on the world of computer adaptive 2
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    1 testing. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    Why the GRE CAT Rocks! 2
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    No one likes taking a big test and having to wait, and wait, and wait for 2
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    the results. The time between finishing the test and getting your score fills
    1 you with conflicting emotions. You might be confident one moment and 2
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    filled with despair the next. The doubt and uncertainty won’t go away 2
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    until you finally get your scores in the mail, so the issue goes unresolved for
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    about a month. 2
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    the GRE CAT, waiting for your score is a thing of the past. Once you 2
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    1 With 2
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    your test, you have the option to cancel your score. If you decide not 2
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    finish
    1 to cancel, your Quantitative and Verbal scores appear on the screen. Voila! 2
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    A wait of six weeks reduced to the time it
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    takes to click one button. 2
    2
    1
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    6
    Chapter 1: Everything You Need to Know about the GRE CAT

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
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    You don’t receive your Analytical writing score immediately, since the
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    two essays must be graded by professional readers. You should get your 2
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    Analytical results back in about three to four weeks. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    This immediacy is the prime advantage of the GRE CAT. It lets you know 2
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    where you stand in terms of the application process and allows you to plan 2
    1 accordingly. Most schools release information about the average GRE 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    scores of their incoming graduate students, and some also include an idea 2
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    about the range of scores by releasing
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 factoids like, “Over 90% of the 2
    2
    1
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    incoming class of psychiatry students scored more than 600 on the GRE.” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you wanted to go to that school, and you just received a combined 2
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    Quantitative and Verbal score of 750, then you know your GRE score is 2
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    good enough to get into that program. 2
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    If your GRE scores are not as high as you wanted, the immediate feedback
    1 gives you a chance to shift to Plan B right then and there. You might decide
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    to take the exam again, although you won’t be able to do so for at least one 2
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    calendar month. (You can take the GRE up to five times in a single year.) If 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    you were only considering extremely competitive schools, you might
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    decide to broaden your search and look at some schools with more 2
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    inclusive admissions standards. When your Analytical scores arrive, you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1 will also receive a form you can use to report your scores to additional 2
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    schools. (You can download this from the GRE Web site.) Knowing your 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 scores right away gives you a chance to react to them right away. 2
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    The second big advantage to the GRE CAT is that you can schedule it for 2
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    a convenient time. Other big standardized tests, like the business school 2
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    exam (GMAT) and the law school entrance exam (LSAT), are given at 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fixed times on fixed dates at fixed locations. If any one of these three 2
    2
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    1 factors poses a problem for you, tough luck.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This rigidity is not a problem for the GRE CAT. Most test centers are open 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    during regular business hours, and all you have to do is call one up and 2
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    decide on a time that works well for you.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Before you schedule your actual GRE CAT, make sure you complete your
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    personalized course of study with this book and take all the practice exams 2
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    Tip

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    we provide. At that point, schedule an exam for two weeks in the future. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Use the two-week interval to take practice CAT exams and write practice
    1 esays using the CD-ROM included. Your skills will stay fresh and you will
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    be accustomed to taking the test on a computer. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 7
    Part I: Understanding the GRE

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    In addition to the flexible schedule and immediacy of the test results, you 2
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    can also send your scores to schools automatically by filling out the proper 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    computer form before the test.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Why the GRE CAT Doesn’t Rock
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    2
    2
    1
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    No matter what the standardized test is, one fundamental truth always 2
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    holds true: The more familiar you are with the test format, the better your 2
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    1 score will be. Familiarity with the test design allows you to focus more 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    attention on the questions themselves and expend less mental effort just 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 figuring out the test itself. This axiom holds true whether you are taking
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    the MCAT (medical school exam) or a third grade math and reading exam. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now, answer this question: How many computer adaptive tests have you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    taken in your lifetime? 2
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    Most people would answer “none” or “one or two” to the above question, 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 but the real answer is, “not enough to be comfortable with them.” The 2
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    adaptive format is unusual, and this can work against your score. Most 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    people are already a little nervous about taking the GRE, and the added 2
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    stress of having to tap dance with the three-legged wonder that is the GRE 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    CAT only makes matters worse. 2
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    In addition to being stranger than a paper-and-pencil test, the GRE CAT is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 riskier. Here’s why: 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    Typical Test GRE CAT What It Means 2
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    2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Every question Earlier questions are Minor mistakes at 2
    1 2
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    counts the same “weighted” more the beginning have 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    toward your score. than later ones. greater negative
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    1 impact. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    You can skip a Must answer each Limits your options
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    question that you question presented. regarding a tough 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    don’t understand. You can’t proceed problem you don’t
    2
    1
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    to the next question understand—you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    until you have sub- must guess. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    mitted an answer to
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the current one. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Can go back and Once the question is Adaptive format 2
    1 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    check work for answered and veri- eliminates the abil-
    2
    1
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    careless errors. fied, it’s out of your ity to go back and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hands.
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    catch any mistakes. 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    8 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 1: Everything You Need to Know about the GRE CAT

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If the GRE CAT were a pencil-and-paper test, you could begin with the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    easy questions and skip over any questions that were too tough for you on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the first pass. On a second pass, you could review your work to catch any 2
    1 careless mistakes, and devote time on those problems you skipped. This 2
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    sound strategy is no longer available to you, because of the adaptive nature 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 of the test. Instead, you are thrown into the middle of the fray, and how
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    well you answer the first half of the questions posed to you goes a long way 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    toward determining your score.
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This doesn’t mean the adaptive nature will invariably lead to an unfairly 2
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    low score. You could be given an initial set of questions that plays right 2
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    1 into your hands, like a hard antonym that you just happen to know the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    definition of or a particular type of math problem you’ve always been 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    good at. If that’s the case, the weighted nature of the GRE CAT works to 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    your advantage. Either way, the GRE CAT is a riskier test because many of
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    the fail-safes you have on other standardized tests—getting easy problems 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first, being able to go back over the entire section and not just one 2
    2
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    1 question—are not present on the GRE CAT.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    So, yes, you get your score back super early, but if you’re not ready for the
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    adaptive format, it might not be the kind of score you want to get back 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    super early. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Learning about the computer adaptive format will give you the opportu- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 nity to eliminate many of the negative aspects of the CAT while keeping 2
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    the good ones, so the rest of this chapter is devoted to just that. 2
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    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Putting the “Computer” into the Computer 2
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    Adaptive Test 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Take a moment and give an honest answer to the following question: 2
    1 2
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    How would you describe your comfort level with computers? 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In other words, do you feel your trusty laptop is like an extension of your 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    body, or do you believe that computers are little more than mutant 2
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    1 typewriters determined to destroy the world? Take your time.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Whichever category you start out in, by the time you take the GRE CAT 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you need to be completely comfortable navigating through a computer
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    test. If you start out already feeling good about computers, then it won’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 take much time to get used to the commands used when taking the GRE 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 CAT. If you’re closer to the “mutant typewriter” faction, then the amount 2
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    of time needed to acclimate yourself will probably be much longer. Even if 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that is the case, it will be time well spent,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 since the day you need to take the 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 9
    Part I: Understanding the GRE

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    test should be exclusively about answering GRE questions correctly and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not about learning how to move through a computer adaptive test. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Before starting the GRE CAT, you go through a computer tutorial, which 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    goes over every facet of the onscreen instructions in excruciating detail. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You could wait until test day and then spend 15–45 minutes in the tutorial 2
    1 familiarizing yourself with all the different instructions, but wouldn’t you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rather learn the instructions beforehand so you can skip the boring tutorial 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 and get right to the actual test? The goal on that day is to use all your
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    brainpower to take a GRE CAT, not waste time and mental energy 2
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    learning about how to take a GRE CAT. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    Be sure you go over this tutorial before taking any tests on that disk. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Learning about the computer commands ahead of time is a valuable skill. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A tutorial similar to the one you’ll see on test day is contained on the CD 2
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    that came with this book. Or, check out the Appendix on page 332, which 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    goes over all the major screen commands, what they look like, what each 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 command means, and when they will appear. Be sure you understand all 2
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    the different commands before you take the actual GRE CAT. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now that we’ve talked about the instructions you’ll see on the computer, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    let’s talk about the computers themselves. You know those computers you
    see on every TV show, the ones with monstrous flat screens, dynamic 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    graphics, and blazing computing speed? Those are NOT the computers
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    1 you will use to take the GRE CAT. Instead, the computer you will probably 2
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    use resembles the kind you find in a public library. It will be a no-frills, 2
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    1 functional PC with an average keyboard, average mouse, average screen, 2
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    average everything, really. 2
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    Many people who work on computers for a long time make modifications 2
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    to their computers to maximize comfort. They might replace the regular 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mouse with a wireless trackball version designed to reduce carpal tunnel 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 problems and place ultra-fine netting over their screen to reduce the glare. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    None of these modifications will be in place on the GRE computer, so if 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you are someone who uses modified accessories, you have two options: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. You can replace your nice gear with the basic equipment in order
    2
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    to simulate the real GRE experience.
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2. You can use your nice gear at home but be aware that during the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    real test none of it will be there for you. 2
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    Both options have advantages. Option 1 gives you greater verisimilitude (a
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 good GRE vocabulary word, by the way). If you want your computer 2
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    practice to be as close to the real thing as possible, this is the plan for you. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 On the other hand, if you understand ahead of time what the real thing
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    will be like, there’s no reason not to practice in a way that’s more
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    10 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 1: Everything You Need to Know about the GRE CAT

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    physically or aesthetically comfortable. Ultimately, the type of computer 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mouse you use won’t be the deciding factor in your score, so this is not a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    major point, but every little thing counts. Knowing what to expect and 2
    1 planning for it is a good way to boost your confidence level going into 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the exam. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    Before you register for the test by phone or computer, try to visit the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    actual testing site ahead of time—before you plunk down your money. 2
    Alert!

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    1 Most testing sites are fine, but what if the testing site gives you a bad vibe 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or something? Don’t go there! You need to be at your best on test day, so 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 make sure the site is adequate before you sign up. Once you call and get a
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    time, you’re locked in, and even if you cancel the appointment, you lose a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    large chunk of change. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The “Adaptive” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 To get a taste of what the computer adaptive format is like (without taking 2
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    a test), rent a movie you know nothing about. Don’t look at the cover or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    read any summary of the events of the film. Fast forward to the middle of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the film and begin watching at that point. After a few minutes, if you think 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you understand what’s going on, keep watching. If you start watching the 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    middle of the film and have no idea what’s going on, go back about 20 2
    2
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    minutes and start watching from that point. Move forward when the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 movie makes sense, and rewind when it doesn’t. Keep watching until you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reach the end of the film. 2
    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You have just watched your first adaptive
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    movie. Was it fun? How was the 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    popcorn? 2
    1 2
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    You probably don’t watch movies this way on a regular basis, and you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    don’t take computer adaptive tests like the GRE every day, either. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    danger is that the unusual format leads you to take the wrong approach to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the test. The chart on the following page lists some common mistakes 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    people make when taking the CAT. 2
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 11
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    Part I: Understanding the GRE

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Common Thinking But Really . . . 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Tests go from easy to GRE CAT
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    problems start in the middle, 2
    2
    1
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    hard problems. and then go all over the place from there 2
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    depending on how you score. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Work at a consistent Early problems on the GRE play a greater
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pace to have a role in determining your score than later 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    chance to answer ones, so you
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    should make sure to spend 2
    2
    1
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    every problem. more time on the first 10–15 problems. 2
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    Even if this means you end up guessing on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the last five problems in a section because
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    2
    2
    1
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    you have no time left, your score will still 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be better than if you rushed through the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first questions. Remember, even if you
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    don’t have time for the last few problems, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    be sure to guess.
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    1 If I study hard If you have the necessary knowledge, then 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    enough, the test you’ll quickly find yourself mired in the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    should be easy. hardest math and verbal questions the
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    computer can dredge up. This means you’re 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    heading toward a good score, but it doesn’t
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    mean the test will be easy. Unlike a pencil- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and-paper test with set easy, medium, and 2
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    1 hard problems, the computer will adapt to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    throw you the nastiest, toughest, most 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    convoluted questions it has to offer.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    On many standardized tests, people rush through the initial easy questions
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    because they want to answer every problem. This impatience often leads to 2
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    careless errors at the beginning. This impatience is harmful on a regular test, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 but it’s deadly on the GRE CAT. The first 10–15 questions you face on each 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    section are the most crucial, and you should slow down and take as much as 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 minutes apiece if it will help you answer them correctly. As for the last 5 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    questions? If you don’t have time for them, just guess. They are not as critical 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to your score. If you can get to them, it’s a bonus, but the real way to improve 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    your score is to focus on the earlier questions to the best of your ability. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now that the “Slow down and get the early question right” mantra has
    been beaten into your skull yet again, it might be a good time to clarify just 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 what an easy, medium, and hard question looks like. Officially, a hard 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 problem is one that previous test-takers have seen and found to be very 2
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    difficult to answer correctly. The official derivation of “easy” and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 “medium” also comes from how well previous test-takers did when trying
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    to answer these problems.
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    12 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 1: Everything You Need to Know about the GRE CAT

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Yet these labels are all subjective, since everyone carries around a unique 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    knowledge set. You might have a knack for geometry, so a medium 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    geometry problem appears easy to you. The best way to get a feel for a 2
    1 problem’s difficulty level is to look over samples of easy, medium, and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hard questions. You can find these throughout this book, and you can also 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 go right to the source and purchase The Official Guide to the GRE, 10 th

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Edition, by the Educational Testing Service. This roughly $20 book 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    contains a host of old pencil-and-paper GREs with questions arranged in 2
    1 old-timey easy/medium/hard order of difficulty. The exams are all over a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decade old, but they do give you an idea of what constitutes an easy, 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 medium, and hard problem.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    X-Ref

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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Official Guide is a good place to work on sample problems, but the
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    format has changed a lot since these test were issued, so don’t bother
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    working the sections under timed conditions. Use the sample tests at the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 back of this book for that, as they are geared toward the new exam. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The ability to determine easy, medium, and hard problems is a nice skill to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have on the CAT, but it is not a crucial one. Don’t spend any amount of 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    time looking at a problem and debating whether or not it’s a medium or 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hard one. Either way, it’s in front of you, so you have to work it one way or 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    another. But understanding what kind of problem you are looking at can 2
    2
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    1 help you avoid incorrect answer choices. For example, if you are taking the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    math section and doing pretty well, you’ll notice the problems are getting 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more difficult. Suddenly, you get the following probability question: 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 There are seven tokens in a bag, labeled 8 through 14 consecutively. The
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first number pulled out of the bag is 10. What are the odds that the next 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two numbers pulled out of the bag will BOTH be less than 10?
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 2
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    15 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 2
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    14 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    1 C. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    2
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    D.
    2
    1 3
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
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    E. 2
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    5
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 13
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part I: Understanding the GRE

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    On the CAT exam, letters will not be used to designate choices, as each 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choice will simply appear on the screen with a hollow oval next to it. 2
    1 Obviously, the test-maker did not care that this lack of lettering would 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Note
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    make it hard on the poor souls who make a living writing test-prep 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    material. Throughout this book, all answer choices will have letters next 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to them so that they can be discussed without having to resort to phrases 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    like “the second oval from the top” or “you know, the answer that’s got 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the word ‘hamster’ in it.” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This is a medium → difficult problem, something to keep in mind when 2
    1 you look over the answer choices. If you try to figure this problem in your 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    head, you might think that there are two numbers less than 10 (8 and 9) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 7 tokens total, or 6 tokens now that the 10 has been removed. Choice 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
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    (C) is (which is two tokens over 7 tokens, right), while choice (D) has 2
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    7 2
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    2 tokens 2 1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 . 2
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    6 tokens 6 3 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Both of these answers use the wrong math, but they are also too easy. If
    you know it is a medium → difficult problem, how could the answer be so 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    simple that you could just do the math in your head? Finding choice (C)
    takes only 15 seconds and choice (D) takes only a bit longer than that. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    When you find the answer to a tough problem that easily, your GRE “sixth
    1 sense” should start tingling wildly, telling you that you are picking an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    answer that is so easy it is probably incorrect.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For this particular problem, eliminating incorrect answers is just as 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    important as finding the correct choice. If you don’t know how to do the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    math, eliminate choices (C) and (D) and take a guess. This gives you a 1 in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 shot of choosing the right answer, which happens to be choice (A). Even 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 if you guessed wrong that time, you gave yourself a fighting chance by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    understanding the GRE CAT well enough to know which answer choices 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    were traps. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    X-Ref

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The math regarding this problem is covered on pages 100–101, the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    section on probabilities.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    14 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 1: Everything You Need to Know about the GRE CAT

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The “Test” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Use the following checklist to prepare for the day you take the actual GRE:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Items to Bring to the GRE: 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. Good old picture I.D., preferably something legitimate like a 2
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    driver’s license and not a badly laminated “Honorary Member of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the Justice League” card.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Fruit snack or something light, yet filling, like nuts. You don’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 want to eat something so heavy you find yourself dying for a nap.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. A bottle of water. Some would rather drown out the entire 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    experience, but this practice is frowned upon for a multitude of 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reasons.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    4. Overshirt of some kind. When you check out the site initially,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you should get an idea of what the ambient temperature is like. 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Dress accordingly. The testing room is often rather small, just a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cubicle farm of 6–10 spaces. Depending on how many people
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are taking tests next to you, the room can be either cold or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    warm, so the best advice is to start with light clothing with the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    option of bundling up. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5. A positive attitude. If that’s asking too much, just don’t bring a
    2
    1
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    negative one. Shoot for feeling relaxed and confident, since this 2
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    1 disposition will help you stay sharp and focused on the task 2
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    at hand. 2
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    Note

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    Many test centers have a set of lockers just inside the testing room for you 2
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    1 to keep valuables and whatever else you want. This is another thing you 2
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    should look for when you are scouting out a GRE location. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    1 The test’s sign-up process is a mixture of registering for a seminar and 2
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    getting arrested. You have to write out a mini-essay claiming you’ll be a 2
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    good person and not sell your GRE secrets to a cheesy newspaper 2
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    tabloid—or anyone else for that matter. Then you sign in again, have 2
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    your identification checked, and get a mug shot taken . . . just in case. In 2
    2
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    many locations, you are also filmed throughout the testing procedure. 2
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    1 These actions are all part of the underlying theme of, “Don’t try 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    anything funny, bub.” 2
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    You have the option of wearing noise-blocking headphones while taking 2
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    the GRE, which we don’t recommended unless you studied for the GRE
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    Part I: Understanding the GRE

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    wearing noise-blocking headphones. A little sound—the whir of the 2
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    computer’s fans, the hum of air-conditioning—should be the type of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    background noise you’re used to, and total silence can be a little freaky. 2
    1 Unless there’s someone trying to cough up a lung next to you in the room, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    skip the ‘phones. 2
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    1 At long last, you get in front of the computer, ready to get your GRE 2
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    groove on. Unfortunately, the meaty portions of the GRE, i.e., the sections 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 that count, are still a long way off. First you have to fill out a basic form
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    for what seems like the umpteenth time, then you get a market research 2
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    section where the computer asks you a lot of basic questions like, “Why 2
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    1 are you taking this test?” and “Have you taken other standardized tests 2
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    before?” Is the computer trying to hit on you, or is it just being nosy? It’s 2
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    up to you to decide, but the fact is, you’re stuck in that chair and you have 2
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    to answer all the questions before you can start taking the exam. 2
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    After the market research section, you get another section asking you
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    1 where you want the scores sent. You should have an idea of where you 2
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    want to send your scores. If not, this section can take a while. Even if you 2
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    do know where you want scores sent, scrolling around takes awhile, so be
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    prepared to spend about 5–10 minutes futzing around in this section. 2
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    Once you finish leaping through these hoops, the GRE begins . . . almost. 2
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    You now get a chance to go through the tutorial showing how to navigate
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    1 the GRE CAT. Hopefully, you will already be very familiar with these 2
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    commands, so you can just skip this section. Go through one of the 2
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    1 tutorial lessons if you feel like it to reassure yourself, but this should not be 2
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    necessary. Ideally, you can skip this entirely and get to what’s important, 2
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    the test itself. 2
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    The GRE is like an awards show. Most people who watch awards shows 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 are primarily interested in who the big winners will be. To find this out, 2
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    though, they have to endure endless music performances, skits, sentimen- 2
    Alert!

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    tal retrospectives, and all sorts of other fodder before the big payoff. For 2
    2
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    the GRE, these distractions come in the form of market research 2
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    1 questions, tutorials, and basic questions about who you are, and so on. 2
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    All you really want to do is take the sections that count toward your 2
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    score, but to do so you have to endure the GRE equivalent of a dance
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    medley. 2
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    1 The test begins! It starts with the Analytical Writing portion, and you have 2
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    75 minutes to respond to 2 essay questions. For many test-takers, the wait 2
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    is over and it’s time to get cracking. However, some people apply to 2
    1 programs that do not “care” about the Analytical score. If this is the case 2
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    16 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 1: Everything You Need to Know about the GRE CAT

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    for you—and be sure this is the case before following the next piece of 2
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    advice—then you can be more relaxed in your approach to the essays. You 2
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    have to answer them, since a zero might raise eyebrows, but if the schools 2
    1 aren’t going to give the Analytical score any weight, why should you? Save 2
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    your brainpower for the sections of the test that do matter. 2
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    1 Once you’ve finished clacking out your essays, the computer adaptive part 2
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    of the GRE kicks in. You will see a Quantitative section, a Verbal section, 2
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    2
    2
    1 and an Experimental section. ETS, the company that administers the GRE,
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    uses your answers on the Experimental section to fashion future GRE 2
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    CATs. In this way, ETS seeks to guarantee that future GRE CATs are 2
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    1 similar to current GRE CATs in terms of question similarity. This is all well 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    and good in terms of fairness, but what it boils down to is that you have to 2
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    take an entire test section that doesn’t count toward your score. For 2
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    obvious reasons, you won’t know which section is the Experimental
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    section ahead of time. 2
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    1 However, you can sometimes get an idea which section is the 2
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    experimental one. It all depends on how adept you get at understanding 2
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    the difference between easy, medium, and hard problems. Let’s say
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    you’ve taken one Quantitative section and one Verbal Section. The third 2
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    section is another Quantitative section, so you know that either this 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    section or the previous Quant one is the experimental. You start off the 2
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    third section with four questions that you know you got correct. You’re
    1 certain you nailed them. Yet the questions never seem to change in
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    difficulty level, not like they did on the previous Quant section. There 2
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    are two explanations for this: 2
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    2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. You botched those questions and just don’t realize it. 2
    1 2
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    2. You are working on the experimental section. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 There is no way to be 100 percent certain which section is Experimental, 2
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    so the smart move is to treat all sections as if they count. If you guess 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    wrong about a section, your score goes down the drain, and you would 2
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    have achieved nothing. Still, it can be reassuring to have a feeling about
    1 which section is Experimental. If you get this feeling, then you should
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    realize that you are pretty GRE savvy, and that the intricacies of the test 2
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    are not so mysterious after all. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    . .112345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    . And Then Some 2
    2
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    1 You should have an idea from this chapter that the GRE CAT is a kind of
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    odd test. It is unlike most of the major tests in another way, and that is 2
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    overall disposition of the proctors. On most big tests (standardized exams 2
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    or final exams in the college class), the proctors giving tests have a serious, 2
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    Part I: Understanding the GRE

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    formal air about them. Students are hushed, people avoid eye contact, 2
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    everyone is a little nervous. It’s sort of an “I’m a 9-year-old sitting with my 2
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    entire adult family at the Thanksgiving dinner table” kind of vibe, 2
    1 nervousness and seriousness and formality all rolled into one. The proctors 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    are the same way, acting officious and ever-diligent in order to make sure 2
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    2
    2
    1 that nothing goes wrong.
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    The GRE CAT is, as you might expect, different. Here the test is given all 2
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    2
    2
    1 the time, every day and sometimes even at night during most of the week.
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    There’s nothing exceptional about a single GRE administration. It means a 2
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    lot to you, but the people at the test centers see people like you every day of 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the week. For them it’s just a day’s work.
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    This does not mean to imply that the proctors are lazy, uncaring, or 2
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    anything bad. Nothing of the sort is true. It’s just that they aren’t going to 2
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    have that same “Thanksgiving dinner table” attitude, since they are just 2
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    doing a routine day of work. They will do it well and be courteous and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 helpful, but they won’t have the sense of “Wow, this is an important 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    moment” that you will. 2
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    They also won’t be at the front of the classroom eagerly scanning the room 2
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    to see if anyone’s cheating or if anyone needs help. The former is not
    needed because you can’t look at another person’s GRE since it won’t have 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    the same questions. If you tried to bring something in to cheat with it
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    1 would be spotted on camera. If you need help you can raise your hand, but 2
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    there’s no guarantee that it will be spotted immediately. There’s no person 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 watching the testing room with eagle eyes since that mindset is just not 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    prevalent. The overall point is that you should not expect the proctor to 2
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    come rapidly if you need something during the middle of the section. 2
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    Therefore, make sure you have all the scratch paper you need during a 2
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    break and that you have enough pencils as well. There’s no way to 2
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    guarantee someone will come speedily to your aid while the test is in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    progress. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There! You now have a host of strategies to help you comprehend the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 computer adaptive aspect of the GRE. For some additional test-taking 2
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    strategies on how to handle each section of the GRE—Quantitative, 2
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    Verbal, and Analytical—all you have to do is turn the page.
    2
    1
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    2
    1
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    18 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

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    Chapter

    2
    Section Strategies
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In the last chapter, we familiarized you with the computerized aspect of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    GRE. In this chapter, we’ll acquaint you with the three GRE sections. Our 2
    2
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    goal is to eliminate any element of surprise you might have while taking 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    the test, since unexpected problem-types lead to confusion, uncertainty,
    1 and an overall negativity that can hinder your exam performance. We’ll
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tell you about the makeup of the GRE and how it is administered, and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    your anxiety will diminish as the test becomes less of a mystery. While you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    might still run across some individual problems that throw you for a loop,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    we’ll make sure you won’t run into any question types that leave you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    befuddled.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Quantitative
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The GRE section devoted to math goes by the mouthy word “Quantita- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tive.” Half of the problems in this section are regular multiple-choice 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems, but the other half are presented in a format known as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Quantitative Comparison (QC for short). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    QC Problems 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The directions for Quantitative Comparisons look something like this: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Directions: Column A and Column B will have one quantity each.
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Your goal is to compare the quantities in each column and choose
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A if the quantity in Column A is greater
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 B if the quantity in Column B is greater
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 C if the two quantities are equal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    D if the relationship between the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 two quantities cannot be de-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    termined from the information given 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    19
    Part I: Understanding the GRE

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Here’s a wildly simple example of a QC problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    h52 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    h 1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You have two columns, A and B, and there is a “quantity” underneath 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    each one. This quantity might be a variable (like Column A), a number 2
    1 (like Column B), or some mixture of the two with a little extra thrown in 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for good measure. On occasion, floating above this columnar stew is some 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    additional information that applies to the quantity in both columns, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    like “h 5 2.” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Like the example above, the items in the two columns often can’t be
    compared to one another, because they are in different formats. In our 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    example, one column has a variable while the other has a number. You
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 would need to convert the variable into a number in order to compare 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    them. Since the centered information states h 5 2, you know that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quantity, or value, of the letter h in Column A is 2. Under Column B, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    value is 1. There are no other possible interpretations or solutions using 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the centered information. We know that 1 is less than 2, so the correct 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer must be (A). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    Note
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    Converting the information in both columns into easily comparable 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    forms is a good strategy for many QC problems, especially if you find that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you are stuck. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Note the qualifying phrase “There are no other possibile interpretations or 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 solutions” in the previous sentence. Exploring alternate possible answers 2
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    is critical on QC problems, because there are often hidden outcomes that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can affect the answer on a problem. Here’s a QC problem that looks 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    similar to the previous one. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    h 5 4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    h 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Again, you want to convert Column A into a number so you can compare 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it to the number in Column B. The obvious answer is that h 5 2, since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (2)(2) 5 4. This would mean (A) is the answer . . . if there are no other 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    possibilities, that is. In this case, you should see that h could also equal 22, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    20 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 2: Section Strategies

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since (22)( 22) 5 4. If you compare 22 with Column B’s 1, Column B’s 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quantity is larger, so (B) is the answer in this scenario. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    One possible value for h gives you the answer (A), while another gives you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    an answer of (B). Whenever you have a conflict like this, the correct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    response is choice (D), “the answer cannot be determined by the 2
    1 information given.” A more precise statement for choice (D) would be that 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “more than one answer can be determined, and there’s no way to tell 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 which answer is correct.” It’s not that you can’t determine an answer, it’s
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just that you don’t know which answer is correct. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To properly explore all possibilities on QC problems involving variables, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    don’t just use easy numbers like 2, 3, and 4 when giving values to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    variables. Be sure to insert some weird numbers like those on the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    following list: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Weird Numbers
    1
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    The Number Why It’s Weird 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    0 Any number multiplied by 0 equals zero.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Also, any number to the zero power equals 2
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    0 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1, or x 5 1.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Any number multiplied by 1 does not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    change. 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Fractions between Normally, when you multiply two numbers 2
    1 0 and 1 together, the end result is larger. When you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    multiply two fractions less than one to- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gether, the result is less than the original 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two numbers. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Negative numbers Two negatives makes a positive when 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    multiplying or dividing, and 22 is greater
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    than 24 even though our minds like to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    think that 4 is bigger than 2. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    On our second sample question, realizing the existence of 22 (the weird 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    negative number) led us to the correct answer of (D). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 Many incorrect QC answers are chosen in the name of speed, as people
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    look at a problem and “see” the answer that must be the correct one. If the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer is so obvious, why not pick it quickly and zip on to the next 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 question? The response to this hypothetical question is that answers that 2
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    look correct are often traps designed to catch those who do not actually 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 work the problem. Here’s a classic QC trap on a medium-difficulty
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    problem.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 21
    Part I: Understanding the GRE

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4(g 1 i) 5 76 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 3i 5 57
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    g g
    6 8
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If g is a regular, Joe Schmo kind of number, the answer seems pretty 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    obvious. Column B is going to be greater since 8 is bigger than 6 and both 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    numbers are being taken to the same exponential power, g. An experienced 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    GRE taker—which you will be after reading this book—should have 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    internal alarms going off at the sight of this problem. It just looks too 2
    1 simple, and there has to be something more to this problem in order to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    justify the fact that it’s a medium problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Take the time to solve for both g and i, and you’ll discover the trap. From 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the second equation, you will discover that i 5 19. Placing this value into
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the first equation, you will find: 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4(g 1 i) 5 76 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4g 1 4i 5 76
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4g 1 (4)(19) 5 76 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    4g 1 76 5 76
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4g 1 76 2 76 5 76 2 76 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 4g 5 0
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    g 5 0
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If g equals zero, then Column A’s 6g 5 60 5 1 and Column B’s 8g 5 80 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 1. Both columns are equal, and there’s no other possible value for g, so the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    correct answer must be (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You will see a lot of QC problems throughout this book, so use the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 following checklist as a way of remembering the key strategies to use when 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    handling these problems. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    QC Approach Check List 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1. For the answer choices, the word always is critical. You can only pick
    1 (A) if the quantity in Column A is always greater, and you can only 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pick (B) if Column B’s quantity is always greater. Choice (C) is the 2
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    answer if the two columns are always equal, no matter what weird 2
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    numbers are punched in. Whenever you find a QC problem that has 2
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    more than one possible outcome, (A), (B) and/or (C), you have (D) as 2
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    your answer.
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    2
    2
    1
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    22 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 2: Section Strategies

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    2. The goal is to compare the two problems, so you should take 2
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    information and try to rearrange it in a way that makes comparison 2
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    easier. If you have a problem with a lot of variables, you should 2
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    1
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    realize the goal will be to get comparable variables into both 2
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    columns. If one column only has numbers in it, the key to that 2
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    2
    2
    1 problem is finding a way to convert the other column into a number
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    than can be compared. 2
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    2
    2
    1 3. When variables are involved, don’t be content to plug in one value for
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    the variable and then use that as the result. Use a “weird” number to 2
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    challenge your initial finding. If you find a weird number that leads to 2
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    2
    1 a different result, you know the correct choice on that problem is (D). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (See the table on page 21 of this chapter) 2
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    4. Many QC problems are designed to look like there is one obvious
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    answer. Never jump to this answer unless you have done all of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    actual math that the problem demands. The obvious answer is often 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 an incorrect choice set there to trap hurried test-takers. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    How Much Does Your Brain Weigh?
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    There are several ways you can answer this question. You could take your
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    brain out and place it on a scale, although this is not recommended. You 2
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    could find out what the average brain weighs by looking it up in a 2
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    1 reference book or surfing the Net. You could place both your hands 2
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    1 around your head, lean over, and use your arms as a scale. 2
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    Or you could just guess. You won’t be completely accurate, but you should 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be pretty close. Look at the following choices, and then take a guess: 2
    1 2
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    Which of the following is the most likely weight of your brain?
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    1 A. 1 pound
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    B. 3 pounds 2
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    C. 6 pounds
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    D. 10 pounds
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 15 pounds 2
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    The correct answer is B. Estimating an answer can sometimes lead you 2
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    1 directly to the right answer, but this does not happen very often. More 2
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    important than determining the correct answer, guessing can often help 2
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    you eliminate wrong answers, which increases your odds of getting a
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    1 problem right. If your brain weighed 10 or 15 pounds, you would need 2
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    metal girders in your neck to help support its weight. So, (D) and (E) can 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 be eliminated, leaving you three choices. Choice (A) is a little light, and
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    although this answer provides a fertile ground for a cutting remark, it’s not
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    Part I: Understanding the GRE

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    correct. This leaves (B) and (C), and if you thought 6 pounds was a bit 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    portly for a brain, you were right. The answer is (B). 2
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    Some problems are hard because the math required to answer them is 2
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    hard. If you can use your eyeballs and your 3-pound brain to estimate 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what the answer should be, you will increase your chances of getting a 2
    1 problem correct. It might not lead you directly to the right answer, but it 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    can steer you clear of answer choices that are clearly wrong. 2
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    1 Geometry problems involving angles, lines, figures, or measurements are 2
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    the most susceptible to estimating, although the fact that the images are 2
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    displayed on a computer screen makes it a little problematic. Whenever 2
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    1
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    you are given a figure on the screen, redraw it on paper in front of you as 2
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    accurately as possible, and then work with that figure. For example: 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    The shortest side of a triangle is n centimeters long. Another side is 2
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    three times this length, while the third side is 22 centimeters greater
    1 than n. If this is the case, which of the following is the only possible 2
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    value of n? 2
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    A. 2 centimeters 2
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    B. 4 centimeters 2
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    C. 5 centimeters 2
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    D. 6 centimeters 2
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    E. 8 centimeters 2
    1 2
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    There’s an equation you can use to solve this problem, but you can also 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 attack it with just a number 2 pencil and some scratch paper. Start with 2
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    choice (A), 2 centimeters. The second side would be (2)(3) 5 6 cm and the 2
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    third side is 2 1 22 5 24 cm. Now, try to accurately draw a triangle with
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    sides of 2, 6, and 24. With one side 24 cm, how are the sides of 2 cm and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    6 cm actually going to connect? 2
    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Since (A) fails spectacularly, you might want to head to the larger values
    like choice (E). If n 5 8, then the other two sides are 24 cm and 30 cm. If 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    you freehand this, it seems to work. At this point, knowing the math 2
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    1 2
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    would come in handy, but if you don’t know it, guess (E) and move on. 2
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    Note

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    1 In a triangle, the length of every side must be less than the sum of the other 2
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    two sides. Choice (E) fulfills this, since even the length of the longest side, 2
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    30, is less than the sum of 8 and 24.
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    2
    2
    1
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    24 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 2: Section Strategies

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    Techniques, strategy, practice, and factual knowledge can be combined to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    give you a good score, but it doesn’t guarantee a perfect score. Inevitably, 2
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    there will be one or two questions that seem to defy explanation, and these 2
    1 often appear as time is winding down on the section. If you can’t take an 2
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    educated guess, just take a plain guess and move on to the next problem. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 On the computer, you must place an answer down on every problem, even
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    if it that means you’re simply filling in (E) on the last couple of questions. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Keep in mind that these questions are not worth as much as the earliest 2
    1 questions. On a 28-question test, you can randomly fill in the last 6 2
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    questions and still get a score in the high 700s. The point is that guessing 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 late in the test won’t hurt you as much as you might think. If you have to
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    guess early in the math section, try to use estimating and common sense to 2
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    eliminate some answers, and then just take your best shot. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Verbal
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    1 The Verbal portion of the GRE will be eerily familiar to anyone who took
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the SAT when applying for college. All four question types have made an 2
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    appearance on the SAT at one time or another, and they’ve even starred in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    other standardized tests as well. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Question Types on the GRE Verbal 2
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    1 Question Type Description
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1. Antonyms You are given a single word and then must
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    find its opposite in the answer choices. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Analogies You’ll see two words separated by a colon
    2
    1
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    at the beginning of each problem. These 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are called the “stem” words, and the stem
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    1 words have some sort of relationship with
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    each other. Your job is to find the paired
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    words in the answer choices that have the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    same, analogous relationship as the stem
    1
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    words. 2
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    3. Sentence A good old fill-in-the-blank exercise where 2
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    Completions you must add the correct missing word or 2
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    words to an initial sentence. 2
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    1 4. Reading Read some text and then answer questions
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    Comprehension about it. The staple of standardized verbal 2
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    (RC) exams everywhere.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 25
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    Part I: Understanding the GRE

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    There are 30 problems on the Verbal section and four different question 2
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    types, so you might think that there will about 7–8 of each question type 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on the test. It rarely works out that way. Although every CAT is different, 2
    1 for the most part, Sentence Completion problems get short shrift on the 2
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    GRE CAT, and this is especially true if you are answering a majority of the 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 questions correctly. If you’re doing well, you’ll find yourself bombarded by
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    antonyms and analogies. These two question types are very vocabulary- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    centric, since knowledge of the words used is a large factor in getting the 2
    1 problems right. The better you do on the GRE CAT Verbal, the more the 2
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    section resembles a vocabulary quiz by the end. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    X-Ref
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In-depth discussion and suggestions on how to tackle each of the four
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    Verbal question types is covered starting on page 25.
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    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Verbal section also starts out like a vocabulary quiz, since the first 3–6 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    questions are usually antonyms and some analogies. This means that on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the initial part of the Verbal test (when questions count the most), a lot 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    depends on whether you know the particular word given in a question. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This makes the beginning of the Verbal section a little arbitrary. People 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with large vocabularies might get an unfamiliar word, while someone with 2
    2
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    1 a less-developed vocabulary will get a tough word whose meaning they 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just happen to know. All in all, the start of the section is a bit of a crap 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    shoot. Getting the right word or words
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    can help your score, especially if 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you don’t consider yourself someone with a large vocabulary. 2
    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Verbal section might seem less fair than the Math, but there’s no real 2
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    difference. If you’re strong in geometry, and your first two math questions 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 concern geometry, then you’re in luck. If geometry is your worst subject, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then you’re out of luck. The adaptive format, with early questions 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    counting for more, is the culprit (or helper) in both cases. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    In the end, just knowing how the Verbal section will begin gives you a
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mental advantage over someone who just shows up and starts answering 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    questions blindly.
    2
    1
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    A reading passage will show up sooner or later, with 2–4 questions 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    attached to it. If you do a lot of Web site reading, then you won’t have
    1 much problem with the computer format. There’s a scroll bar to help you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    move up and down the text, but the actual text box is ridiculously small. It 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    only holds two or three sentences at a time, so no matter how short the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 reading passage is, there’s always going to be some scrolling to do. To give 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    26 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 2: Section Strategies

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    yourself a preview of what it will be like, open up some text on a computer, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and place it in a box about 3 inches by 4 inches. Give yourself some big 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    letters, and allow for a nice amount of space between each line.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    On RC problems, the passage takes up the upper left portion of the 2
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    Tip
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    screen, while questions appear on the right side. The bottom of the screen 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    contains a lot of basic instructions like “Time on/off” and “Wanna quit, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fraidy cat?” stuff that you will rarely, if
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ever, use during the exam. 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If the above instructions are too tech-savvy for you, don’t sweat it. The 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 point is that you will have to move up and down to read some text, so be
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    prepared to do just that. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The last problem type, Sentence Completion, translates very well to the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    computer. Of the four Verbal question types, these questions are probably 2
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    the easiest to prepare for and improve on, which might be why they show 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 up the least. Even so, when they do pop up on your screen, lick your chops 2
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    and dive right in. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    . . . And You’re Done 2
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    For most people, time is not as big an issue on the Verbal section as it is on
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Math section. Many hard Math problems are complex, multi-step 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 questions that require a lot of computations in order to unravel the right 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer. This takes time. In contrast, hard questions on the Verbal section 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 consist mainly of hard vocabulary words. You still need time to go through 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the answer choices and use some strategies, but this doesn’t take as long as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    S DS D
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    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9 15
    7
    2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    figuring out what the value of is. 2
    1 S DS D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8 14
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25 33
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There’s no need to rush through any questions on the Verbal section, since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lack of time is rarely a problem. On average, you have a minute per 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 question, but some questions will take less time. For example, if there’s an
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    antonym question with a word that you know, finding the right answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can take under 15 seconds. Don’t spend less than15 seconds, because you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    want to make sure not to make a careless error by speeding. That gives you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a lot of extra time to spend on another problem, such as a RC question. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    These typically take more time since you want to check your answer with 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the information in the passage. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you are running out of time on a practice Verbal section, then you are 2
    1 probably staring at some questions and dredging your brain to come up 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 27
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part I: Understanding the GRE

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with a definition of a word. This is not a good use of your time. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vocabulary on the GRE can be tough, so there will be some words whose 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meaning you don’t know. Accept this, use any elimination strategies you 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 can on those problems, pick an answer, and move on.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Analytical Writing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The first essay prompt you see poses an issue, and then gives you 45 2
    1 minutes to analyze and discuss that issue. This is your standard, “There’s 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    no right or wrong side, all that matters is how well you present your side of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the case” kind of essay. You are often given two topics to choose from, so
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pick the topic you feel comfortable—um, talking about. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For the second essay, analysis of an argument, you only have 30 minutes to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    write. This time, you are first given some text, in which someone makes an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    argument about something. This argument is lame in some way or another. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Your goal here is to evaluate the argument, i.e., explain ways in which the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    argument’s lame and ways in which it works. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Combined, the two essays take over an hour to start at the beginning of
    every GRE CAT. That’s a lot of time spent typing, and the key word here is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    typing. How fast do you type? Answering this question will determine
    your approach to these essays. Many English aficionados will talk 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    gushingly about the standard five-paragraph essay approach that virtually
    1 guarantees you a top score of 6 on the Analytical portion. Yet, this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    approach doesn’t work if you’re such a slow typist that you can’t type five
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paragraphs in the time allotted. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Alert!
    As stated in the previous chapter,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901if you’re applying for a graduate 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    program in astrophysics, your Analytical score might not be of highest 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 importance. Do your best, but spend your time studying the section that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matters most, which is Math. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Before anything else, find out how fast you can type. Sit down in front of a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    computer with some word processing program. Start timing, and then type 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    something like, “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” over and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 over again until one minute is up. If you make a mistake while typing, stop 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and correct your error while the clock is running. Now count up the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    number of words you typed correctly in one minute. Take this number and
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 use it to answer the following question: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    28 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 2: Section Strategies

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Question How long should my essays be? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Step 1 Take the amount of time
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    given for an essay. For essay 1, 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this means 45 minutes. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Step 2 Subtract 5 minutes. This time will be used to decide 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 what you want to write in your essay. You shouldn’t
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just blaze off at the start; it helps to plan out your essay 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a bit.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Step 3 40 minutes remain. Take the number of words you type 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    per minute and multiply by 40. If you can type 20 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 words per minute, then (20)(40) 5 800.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Step 4 This is the number of words you could type if you knew 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exactly what you were going to say and typed nonstop.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Since there will be many points in your essay where you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    pause for a moment to come up with the right phrase or
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 sentence, 800 is not really achievable. Halve this
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number for a more realistic assessment, giving you 400 2
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    words. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Step 5 If you assume a standard paragraph is around 100 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    words, you can see that your essay will not make the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    five-paragraph format due to technical reasons (i.e. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    your slow typing.) You only have time for four
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paragraphs. You should therefore state your case clearly 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    in Paragraph 1, back it up with claims in the next two
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paragraphs, and then wrap things up in Paragraph 4 as
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    time expires on you and your nondexterous fingers. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Unless you practice typing or type a lot, you might be appalled at how 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    slow you are. Even with fast fingers, there’s no way to compose a flawless, 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 five-paragraph essay on a previously unknown topic in 45 minutes. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Flawless essays require time to map out, draft, and then rewrite. Maybe a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    professional essay writer—if there are any still around these days—could 2
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    do it, but folks taking the GRE can’t, and it isn’t expected of them. What is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expected is that the thoughts you do punch into the computer are good, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    and that the overall structure of your essay is sound.
    1
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    On both essays, don’t sacrifice quality for quantity. Two body (middle) 2
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    paragraphs with 1–3 compelling sentences that back up your initial claim 2
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    are all that is needed to get a decent score on the Analytical section. Some 2
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    1 people have even peppered their essays with jokes—relevant to the
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    discussion, of course—and received a 6, so you don’t have to kill yourself 2
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    to place words on the screen. Just make sure that the words you do put 2
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    down help support your position in the essay. 2
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    Part I: Understanding the GRE

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    If you want to increase your typing skills, get a dictionary, a computer, and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    get ready to kill two birds with one stone. Purchase a book that lists 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    college-level vocabulary words, and then spend time typing in each word 2
    1 and its definition into a word processing document. By doing this, you will 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    improve your typing skills and create a vocabulary study guide at the 2
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    2
    2
    1 same time.
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    2
    2
    1
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    2
    2
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    2
    1
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    30 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    PART

    II
    Diagnosing Strengths
    and Weaknesses
    Diagnostic:
    Dipping Your Big Toe in the GRE Waters 32

    PART II
    Chapter

    Diagnostic: Dipping Your Big Toe


    3
    in the GRE Waters
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Now that you have some section-specific techniques, it’s time to put them to use. Trying a 6
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    sample set of math and verbal questions has the following benefits: 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1. It gives you an idea of how you might do if you were to take the real GRE this very 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 moment. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2. It lets you see what areas of study you’re strongest in, and what areas need 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    improvement. This knowledge can be used to fine-tune your study plans for the GRE. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3. No matter how you do on the diagnostic, it doesn’t count. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The third point is perhaps the most important. If you answer every sample question correctly, 6
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    then bellow out a proud “Huzzah!” You can’t send that score to universities, but you can feel 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    good about the fact that you’ve demonstrated the ability to do well on GRE-type questions. On
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    1 the other hand, if you miss a lot of diagnostic questions, don’t sweat it.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    Alert!

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    If you waited until the last moment and are taking this diagnostic the night before 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    the real GRE CAT, you can sweat a little. Hopefully, you are taking this
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    diagnostic at least a month in advance of the real test, giving you ample time to go 6
    1 6
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    through the rest of the book at a measured pace.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The whole point of the diagnostic is to determine what subjects you’re good at and what 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    subjects you need help in. You can then use this information to devise a study plan tailored to
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    your strengths and weaknesses.
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Should You Take It to the Next Level? 6
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    As stated earlier, the adaptive nature of the GRE makes it likely that someone shooting for a 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1 good score will only see medium and hard questions. Since you probably didn’t purchase this
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    book to get a lousy score, it makes sense to concentrate on medium and hard GRE questions. 6
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    The bulk of this book does just that. The first part of each chapter in the subject review section 6
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    focuses on how medium questions will appear on the math and verbal sections, and it provides 6
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    32
    DIAGNOSTIC
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    you with the facts and strategies needed to tackle these problems. The general instruction for 6
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    the Analytical section goes over the basic structure of the essay, giving you the knowledge 6
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    12
    2
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    needed to gain a respectable score on the written portion. For most students, starting with the 6
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    1
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    medium-level material is the wisest course of action. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    However, suppose you feel very confident about your math abilities. A high score on the math 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    1
    12 portion of the diagnostic proves that this confidence is well-founded. If that’s the case, you may 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    choose to skip over the general study material on math and go straight to the Take It to the Next
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    Level material. This material focuses on more advanced topics—involved probabilities and 6
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    number sets, for example—and it shows how these topics appear on hard problems. The Next
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    Level Verbal and Analytical sections cover advanced topics and problems in a similar fashion. 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1
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    So what’s the best study plan? Not to get too mystical or anything, but the answer to this 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    question can only be found inside you. By working through the entire book, you give yourself a 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    look at everything this book has to offer. Yet this approach takes time, and time is a scarce 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    commodity in many people’s lives. Therefore, you might wish to Take It to the Next Level in 6
    6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    subjects you feel comfortable with in order to use the time you have to concentrate on your 6
    6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 weakest areas. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The requirements of your graduate program might let you tailor your approach in another way. 6
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    For example, some fine arts programs require students to take the GRE, but these programs are 6
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    not concerned with a student’s Quantitative (math) score. If this is the case for you, you could
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    decide to skip the Next Level math, since a high score in math will not help you one way or 6
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    another. It would still be a good idea to go over the basic study material—you don’t want to 6
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    completely blow the math section—but a high math score is just not a relevant concern. 6
    1 6
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    Before making any decision, take the diagnostic and let the results guide you. There are 28
    6
    1
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    Quantitative questions, roughly divided so that the first half contains medium questions while 6
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    the second half contains hard questions. If you ace 201 Quantitative problems in allotted time, 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    then you are a good candidate for skipping the general material if you want. If you miss 6
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    questions randomly throughout the section, it would be a good idea to look over both the 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    general and Next Level materials, since there’s no clear pattern as to why you got some 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 6
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    questions right while missing others. It could mean you were weak in a specific subject—like
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    determining mean/median/mode, for instance—in which case a comprehensive review of a wide 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    range of topics would be beneficial. If you miss a bunch of medium questions but get all the
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    harder problems right, chances are your problem lies in pacing. You rushed through the 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    medium questions, making careless errors, in order to spend more time on the harder problems. 6
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    If this is the case, slow down, Sparky!
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 33
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    Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Note 6
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    In our diagnostic the Quantitative section starts off with 14 QC questions, and then 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 follows with 14 regular math problems. The 14 QC problems are arranged in order
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    of difficulty, and the 14 regular questions are also in their own order of difficulty.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
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    Things are a little different for the Verbal section. There are 30 questions, still divided into half 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    medium/half hard, but there are four distinct question
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    types:
    6
    1
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    • Antonyms 6
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    • Analogies 6
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    6
    6
    1 • Sentence Completions
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    • Reading Comprehension
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    Questions within each question type are arranged in order of difficulty, so the first antonym you 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    see is (theoretically) the easiest, while the last is the hardest. After that section, you proceed to 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    analogies, with all analogies arranged in their own order of difficulty. For the Reading 6
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    2 6
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    Comprehension section, the first passage is easier than the second one. 6
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    You can fine-tune your approach depending on how you do within each question type. Suppose 6
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    you answer every analogy correctly but miss half of the Reading Comprehension problems. If 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    this occurs, a voice inside your head should start hollering, “Focus on Reading Comprehension
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    in both levels, and don’t worry about analogies as much.” 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    This book has been designed to give you a variety of study plan options. You want to take 6
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    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    charge of the GRE, and a good way to start doing this is to take charge of your study plan. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Optimal Diagnostic-Taking Conditions 6
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    As much as you might like to, you should not take the diagnostic while watching television, 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    answering questions only during commercial breaks. Seal yourself away in some solitary 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    location with a heap of scrap paper and a handful of number 2 pencils as your companions. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Give yourself 45 minutes for the Quantitative section and 30 minutes for the Verbal section. 6
    6
    1
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    Take both sections consecutively with a 1-minute break in between. Don’t rush, but try to 6
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    answer as many of the questions as you can. 6
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    1
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    You can write your answers in the book, but make sure to do all work on scratch 6
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    Tip

    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    paper since that is what you have to do for the GRE CAT. Afterward, check to see
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    how much scratch paper you used on each section. This will help give you an idea 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of how much you’ll need on the real GRE. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 Once finished, give yourself a pat of the back. You will have just finished a GRE-like test. It 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    wasn’t a computer adaptive test, but it was a GRE-like test nevertheless. 6
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    Good luck! 6
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    34 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    DIAGNOSTIC
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The Test 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Quantitative 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1
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    General Information 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    1. The test has 28 questions. You have 45 minutes to complete the section.
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    6
    6
    1
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    2. All numbers used are real numbers. 6
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    12
    2
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    3. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted.
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    6
    6
    1
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    4. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted.
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    5. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in 6
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    2 6
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    answering the question. The figures are drawn closely to scale unless otherwise noted.
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
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    Directions: For questions 1–14, Column A and Column B will have one quantity each. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Your goal is to compare the quantities in each column and choose 6
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A if the quantity in Column A is greater 6
    1 6
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    B if the quantity in Column B is greater 6
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    C if the two quantities are equal 6
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    D if the relationship between the two quantities cannot be determined from the 6
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    information in the problem 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    On some questions, information about one or both quantities will be given. This 6
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    information will be centered above the two columns.
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B Column A Column B 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 1. 4 692
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    15 1,781
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3.
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 a2 (c2b) 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    = = 6
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    2. 40 1 9 7 1 63 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 35
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B Column A Column B 6
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    1
    @ 50 1 2~2 1 3! #2 8. u5x y 2
    xÞ0Þy 6
    12
    2
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    4. @4~2 1 3! #2 2
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    6
    6
    1 10
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 x 6
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    2
    u 5x y 4 2 3
    xu 6
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    12
    2
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    5. A circle has a radius q.
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    6
    6
    1
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    Twice the area of The circumference 9. x is a positive integer. 6
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    the circle divided of the circle 6
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    (x2 2 3x 1 2) x2 2 4 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    by the radius
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    6. The area of a The area of a 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    square with a rectangle with a 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    perimeter of 20 perimeter 20 6
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    1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    10. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    7.
    1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 6
    1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 6
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    3 2 7 5 4 4 5 7 5 3
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
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    Point C is at the center of the circle. 6
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    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 AB 5 DE
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ∠CBD ∠CEA 6
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    36 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    DIAGNOSTIC
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Select the best answer for each 6
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    11. The sum of all even The sum of all odd of the following questions. 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 integers one integers one
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    through one through one 6
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    15. There are 13 marbles in a bag. One is red, 6
    12
    2
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    hundred hundred
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    6
    6
    1 4 are blue, and 8 are yellow. If a blue
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    marble is drawn from the bag, what is the
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    probability that a red or yellow marble
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    6
    6
    1
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    will be drawn next? 6
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    1 6
    12
    2
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    A.
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    6
    6
    1 4
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    12. The cube of an The square of an odd 6
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    2 6
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    even prime number prime number B. 6
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    3
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    8 6
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    C. 6
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    13 6
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    1
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    3 6
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    D. 6
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    4
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    9 6
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    13. x,0 E. 6
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    13 6
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    2 6
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    x 12x 4 6
    2
    2 2 x
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    16. Bananas at Max’s Grocer went on sale for 6
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    2x 2 3 2 x 1 1 6
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    50 percent off. They were then marked 6
    1 6
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    down again by 30 percent. If x is the
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    original price of bananas per pound, how 6
    1
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    12
    2
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    much does it cost to buy 2.5 pounds of
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    6
    6
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    bananas? 6
    1 6
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    14. xµ 5 (x)(x 1 1) A. 0.15x
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    B. 0.375x 6
    1 (3µ)µ (3µ)(3µ) 6
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    C. 0.42x
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    D. 0.50x 6
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    E. 0.875x 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 37
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    17. Questions 20–21 refer to the following graphs. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    If BE bisects AC, what is the length of
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    6
    6
    1
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    EC? 6
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    A. 2=3 6
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    2 6
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    B. 4
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    C. 4=3 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
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    D. 8
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    E. 8=3 6
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    1 18. If x is an odd integer, in which one of the
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    following expressions must y be even? 6
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    A. x 1 y 5 12
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    B. x2 1 y 5 16
    20. Which of the following has the greatest 6
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    value? 6
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    C. xy 5 25 6
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    2
    D. xy 5 49 A. Segment of Manchester population 6
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    1 E. xy 5 98 0–25 in 1920 6
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    B. Byson population in 1900 6
    1 19. Export Auto charges $30 for an oil change 6
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    C. Byson population in 1915 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    and $40 for a brake job. On Tuesday, they D. Segment of Manchester population
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    1 charged a total of $320 for all oil changes 25–50 in 1920
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    and brake checks. They performed a fourth E. Segment of Manchester population
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    as many brake checks as oil changes. How 50–100 in 1920 6
    1 6
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    many oil changes did they perform on
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    21. Which town in which decade had the 6
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    Tuesday? 6
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    greatest percentage increase in population? 6
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    A. 2 6
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    B. 4 A. Manchester 1900–1910 6
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    C. 6 B. Ledbetter 1920–1930 6
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    D. 8 C. Ledbetter 1930–1940 6
    1 6
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    E. 10 D. Byson 1920–1930
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    E. Manchester 1930–1940
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    38 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    DIAGNOSTIC
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    @~6a!a 2 ~4a 1 7a!#
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    6
    6
    1 22. 2 7a 1 5 25. If x is an odd integer, what is the value of half
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    J
    a
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    the sum of x and the next three odd integers? 6
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    2
    6a 2 18a 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1 A. 1 J A. 2(x 1 3)
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    a 6
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    B. 3(x 1 3) 6
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    2
    6a 2 4a
    12
    2
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    B. 1 J C. 4(x 1 3)
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    6
    6
    1 a
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    D. 5(x 1 3) 6
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    C. 7 2 a 1 J 6
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    E. 6(x 1 3)
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    D. 211 2 a 1 J 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 13a 2 11 1 J Questions 26–28 refer to the following graphs. 6
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    2 6
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    23. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B is the midpoint of AC, and E is the 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    midpoint of FD. If the area of rectangle 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    BCDE is 12, what is the perimeter of 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    rectangle ACDF?
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    A. 18 6
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    1 B. 20 6
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    C. 22 6
    1 6
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    D. 24
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 26 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    24. 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    What is the perimeter of DABC? 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. 2 1 =2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. 2 1 2=3 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    = 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 6
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    C. 4 1 2 2
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. 4 1 2=3 6
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    2 6
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    E. 4 1 4=3 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 39
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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    26. Whose annual savings/annual spending 28. Over what 5-year span did percentage of 6
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    ratio was the smallest? spending increase the most? 6
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    A. 15 A. 15–20 6
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    B. 20 B. 25–30
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    12
    2
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    C. 30 C. 30–35
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    6
    6
    1
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    D. 35 D. 35–40 6
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    E. 45 E. 40–45
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    27. What category of sales had the greatest 6
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    amount of money spent on it if you only 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1 consider 15-, 30-, and 45-year-olds?
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    A. Home Entertainment 6
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    B. Clothes
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    C. Lawn Care 6
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    D. Sporting Goods
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    1 E. Apparel
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 Verbal 6
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    General Information 6
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    1. The test has 30 questions. You have 30 minutes to complete the section.
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    1 Directions: Each question contains a word printed in capital letters, followed by five
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    answer choices. Choose the answer choice that contains the word or phrase most nearly 6
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    OPPOSITE in meaning to the word in capital letters. 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
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    1
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    1. PRISTINE : 3. LUCID : 6
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    1 A. dull A. translucent
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    B. hopeless B. myopic
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    C. congested C. putrid 6
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    D. majestic D. luminescent
    1
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    E. polluted E. opaque 6
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    2. IMPREGNABLE : 4. MALLEABLE : 6
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    A. penetrable A. brittle 6
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    B. tangible B. ductile
    1
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    C. intractable C. pliant 6
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    D. tolerable D. flaccid
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    12
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    E. reliable E. verdant
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    6
    6
    1
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    40 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    DIAGNOSTIC
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    5. CASTIGATE : 8. TRUCULENT : 6
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    A. criticize A. pugnacious 6
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    6
    6
    1 B. laud B. boorish
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    C. ignore C. gentle
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    12
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    D. mollify D. beneficent
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    6
    6
    1
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    E. obfuscate E. altruistic 6
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    6. APPROBATION : 9. SALUBRIOUS : 6
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    2 6
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    A. disapproval A. salutary 6
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    12
    2
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    B. fanfare B. deleterious
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    1
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    C. calamity C. beneficial 6
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    D. enigma D. acrid
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    E. rejoinder E. ignominious 6
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    7. MENDACITY : 6
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    1 A. evil
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    B. wisdom 6
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    C. perfidy
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    D. honesty 6
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    E. irregularity
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    1 Directions: In each question, there is an initial pair of words or phrases that are related in
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    some manner. Select the answer choice containing the lettered pair that best expresses a 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    relationship similar to the initial pair.
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    2 10. POTTER : CLAY :: 12. HOMOSAPIEN : MAMMAL :: 6
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    A. bull : rider A. lung : organ 6
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    B. conductor : instrument B. beach : ocean 6
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    C. poet : words C. canine : feline 6
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    D. doctor : patient D. mystery : novel 6
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    E. lady : gentleman E. bovine : husbandry
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    1 11. MINISCULE : SMALL :: 13. IMMUTABLE : CHANGE ::
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    A. large : gigantic A. political : mastermind 6
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    B. exuberant : happy B. contingent : necessity 6
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    C. downtrodden : unjust C. ecstatic : joy 6
    1 6
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    D. humorless : hapless D. imminent : proximity 6
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    E. tense : relaxed E. humble : hubris 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 41
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    Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

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    14. VITUPERATE : BERATE :: 16. LACONIC : VERBOSE :: 6
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    A. destroy : rebuild A. terse : taciturn 6
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    6
    6
    1 B. vacillate : waver B. delicious : delectable
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    C. synthesize : raze C. passive : lethargic
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    12
    2
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    D. confuse : clarify D. guileless : deceitful
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    6
    6
    1
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    E. pacify : enrage E. fastidious : studious 6
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    15. BUCOLIC : PASTORAL :: 17. MALEVOLENT : BONHOMIE :: 6
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    2 6
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    A. frigid : lukewarm A. hateful : disgust 6
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    12
    2
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    B. basic : advanced B. calm
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    : anxiety
    6
    1
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    C. irascible : temperamental C. dangerous : peril 6
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    D. haughty : selfish D. hungry : want
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    E. pugnacious : optimistic E. facetious : sarcasm 6
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    2 6
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    Directions: Each sentence below contains one or two blanks, with each blank 6
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    corresponding to an omitted word. Find the answer choice that has the word or set or 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    words that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 6
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    2 18. The mayor’s unpopularity was dramati- 20. Normally the press secretary is fairly 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    cally demonstrated by his __________ __________, but in today’s briefing her 6
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    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    performance in the citywide straw poll. face was quite ___________ and her 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
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    responses lively.
    6
    1 A. sanguine
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    12
    2
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    B. dismal A. peppy.
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    .morose
    6
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    C. fiery B. subjugated. .active 6
    1 6
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    D. impoverished C. noxious. .expressive
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    E. discouraging D. concise. .perturbed 6
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    E. subdued. .animated
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    19. Country X will never stabilize its economy 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    21. A slight ___________ of the soil’s settling 6
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    if it does not ___________ its disastrous
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    inflationary spending practices. rate caused the building’s foundation to 6
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    1 ___________, which led to the building
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    A. exacerbate 6
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    being deemed unusable. 6
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    B. curtail 6
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    C. strengthen A. estimation. .settle
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    D. maximize B. deviation. .bulge 6
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    E. weaken C. miscalculation. .shift
    1
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    D. permutation. .stabilize 6
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    E. escalation. .liquefy
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    42 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    DIAGNOSTIC
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    22. Prison reform in Victorian England, 23. For three centuries, classical mechanics 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    though ___________, was not far-reaching was the __________ paradigm in physics 6
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    12
    2
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    enough to eliminate all the ___________ until
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    developments in quantum mechanics
    6
    1
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    vestiges of harsher times. began to call __________ assumptions of 6
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    classical mechanics into question. 6
    12
    2
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    A. appreciable. .miscellaneous
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    1
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    B. significant. .cruel A. strongest. .tangential 6
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    C. dogged. .basic B. supreme. .superficial
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    D. laudable. .benign C. reigning. .fundamental 6
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    E. wrongheaded. .base D. secondary. .basic
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    E. unchallenged. .facile 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Questions follow each passage. After reading the passage, determine the best 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    answer for each question based on the passage’s content. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 Passage 1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345imperial family. Even when the Yamato 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345clan had nominally laid claim to the title 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Line Though the founding myth of the 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 of the imperial throne, their power was 6
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    Yamato clan sets the beginning of their 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 still not as absolute as their titular 6
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    dynasty at the dawn of time, the Yamato 6
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    (30) pretensions suggested. The aristocratic 6
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    clan did not unify Japan under their 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 clan chieftains still maintained significant 6
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    (5) monarchical rule until the sixth century 6
    1 power bases in the regions historically 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B.C.E. It is difficult to designate a specific
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 linked with their clans. 6
    1 date for the beginning of the Yamato 6
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    monarchy because the process of political
    This scenario of power diffusion 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
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    evolution in ancient Japan was not
    (35) under the political rubric of monarchy is
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    1 (10) marked by clearly defined stages. Rather, not peculiar to ancient Japan. In fact, it is 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345a common theme in the narrative of 6
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    the political evolution from aristocratic 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 kingdom formation in Medieval Europe. 6
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    rule centered on a number of clan 6
    1 Many monarchs, with the notable 6
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    families; the monarchical rule dominated 6
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    (40) exception of Charlemagne, had great 6
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    by one family was a gradual process.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 difficulty consolidating their kingdom’s
    6
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    (15) The slow pace of the transformation
    resources under their authority given the 6
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    1 was mirrored by the means employed to
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345prominent and powerful positions of 6
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    achieve the result. The Yamato clan did 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345dukes, lords, and wealthy merchants that 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    not militarily subjugate the competing 6
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    (45) populated their lands. 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    field of clans, but instead gained ascen-
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (20) dancy through political, economic, and
    6
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    1 diplomatic means. Since such means
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
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    1 generally preclude decisive shifts in 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    power, the Yamato clan had to patiently
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    leverage their advantages until they were 6
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    able to demand recognition as the 6
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    (25)
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 43
    Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    24. In line 34, the word diffusion could most Passage 2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    reasonably be replaced by which of the 6
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    Line Grasping the interrelationship between 6
    12
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    following?
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    6
    6
    1 structure and function is essential to
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    A. Assimilation gaining a basic understanding of molecu-
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    B. Sharing lar biology. All biological entities are
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    6
    6
    1
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    C. Hegemony (5) composed of molecules, and every 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. Mongering molecule has a specific shape. A hydro-
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    E. Imbalances gen molecule, for instance, has a simple 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    linear shape, while DNA, the molecule
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    25. What is the main point of the third that stores most of a cell’s genetic 6
    12
    2
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    6
    1 paragraph? information, has a complex double helix 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (10)
    6
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    shape. The shape of a molecule, com- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    A. Ancient Japan’s political evolution
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    bined with the configuration of its 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    was dissimilar to Medieval European 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    valence electrons (the electrons available 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    political evolution. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    for bonding with other molecules), 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. Charlemagne was a powerful mon- 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (15) determine the structure of a molecule. 6
    1 arch comparable to the great emper- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Since this structure determines the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ors of ancient Japan. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    biological functionality of the molecule, 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. Both Medieval European monarchs and 6
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    it is of paramount importance. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Japanese emperors had difficulties in 6
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    unifying the lands under their power. The chemistry of the brain illustrates 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. Dukes, lords, wealthy merchants, and (20) the interaction between molecular 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    clan chieftains were politically obtuse structure and biological function. One 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 throughout the world. nerve cell in the brain communicates with 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. Clan chieftains of ancient Japan another nerve cell by the emission and 6
    1 6
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    resembled wealthy merchants in uptake of molecular signals. A transmit- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Medieval Europe with respect to the (25) ting nerve cell initiates the communica-
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    tion with a second nerve cell known as a 6
    1 political role each played in their
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    receiving cell. The transmitting cell 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    respective eras and locales. 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    releases signal molecules that are 6
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    1 26. What is the author’s attitude toward the structured specifically to bond with 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (30) receptor molecules located at specific 6
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    notion of absolute monarchical rule in 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ancient Japan and Medieval Europe? sites on the receiving cell. The signal and 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    receptor molecules have complementary 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. Harsh criticism of the weak monarchs 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    molecular structures which allow for 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. Measured skepticism about the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    their bonding ability. You can say the 6
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    absoluteness of the monarch’s rule 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (35) signal molecule functions like a key while 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Strenuous objection to the monarch’s
    the receptor molecule is the lock. In this 6
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    C.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    political practices 6
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    analogy, the molecular structure can be 6
    1 D. Moderate praise of the monarch’s 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    thought of as the nodes on the key and 6
    1 restraint 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    within the lock that complement each 6
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    E. Fulsome praise of the monarch’s 6
    12
    2
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    (40) other
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    and allow for the key to turn the 6
    6
    1 policies
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    lock. The bonding of the signal and 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    44 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    DIAGNOSTIC
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    receptor molecules sets in motion a series 29. What is the function of the second 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of chemical reactions within the receiving paragraph in relation to the passage as a 6
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    12
    2
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    cell. Thus, through the biological whole?
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 (45) mechanism of complementary molecular
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. It relates an anecdote that demon- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    structure, one brain cell is able to 6
    12
    2
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    strates
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the principle described in the 6
    6
    1 communicate and affect another
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    first paragraph. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    brain cell. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. It gives further explanation to the
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    theoretical hypothesis made in the 6
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    27. The primary purpose of this passage is to 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    first paragraph.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. It provides an example that illustrates 6
    12
    2
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    A. demonstrate the importance of
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 the relationship discussed in the first
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    biological functionality regarding 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    paragraph. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    brain functioning capacities.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. It presents a second viewpoint on the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. criticize the contemporary theory that 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    issues raised in the first paragraph. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    molecular structure and biological 6
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    E. It debunks a common misconception 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    functionality are interrelated. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    about the principle discussed in the 6
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    C. present competing views on the nature 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    first paragraph. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    of the interrelationship between brain
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    chemistry and molecular structure. 6
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    30. Based on the passage, which of the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. explain the contemporary theory of 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the interrelationship between molecu-
    following statements would the author 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    lar structure and biological function-
    most likely agree with? 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ality. A. The study of molecular functionality 6
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    1 E. argue that molecular structure has is an important field in molecular
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    greater explanatory force than does chemistry. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    biological functionality. B. The advancement of understanding in 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    molecular biology is contingent upon 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    28. Why does the author mention a hydrogen further research in how molecules are 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    molecule and DNA in lines 6–11 in the structured. 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. Brain chemistry will not ultimately be 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    first paragraph? 6
    1 6
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    A. To contrast a simply shaped molecule understood until neurotransmitters 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    with a complexly shaped molecule are fully conceptualized. 6
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    B. To demonstrate that DNA is similarly D. Biological functionality is not 6
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    1 shaped to hydrogen dependent on molecular shape. 6
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    C. To illustrate that biological function- E. DNA is the most complex molecule 6
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    ality is not directly related to molecu- known to biology. 6
    1 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    lar shape
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    D. To give examples of the molecular
    6
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    1 structure of two different molecules
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 E. To undermine the assertion that 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    hydrogen is more simply structured
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    than DNA 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 45
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Answer Key 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    Quantitative Verbal
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1. B 15. D 1. E 16. D 6
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    12
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    3. A 17. B 3. E 18. B 6
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    4. C 18. E 4. A 19. B 6
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    6
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    1 5. C 19. D 5. B 20. E
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    7. B 21. D 7. D 22. B
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    1
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    9. D 23. C 9. D 24. B
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    10. C 24. C 10. C 25. C 6
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    11. A 25. A 11. B 26. B
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    12. B 26. E 12. A 27. D 6
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    1 13. D 27. A 13. E 28. A 6
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    14. A 28. B 14. B 29. C
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    15. C 30. B 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
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    1
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    46 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    PART

    III
    Section Review
    Quantitative Review 48

    Verbal Review 134

    Analytical Writing Review 227

    PART III
    Chapter

    4
    Quantitative Review
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    All the Math You Left Behind 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For those who have not seen a triangle since high school geometry, it’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    scary to think that your graduate school aspirations partially rest on your
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 ability to work with the math concepts of your youth. Those of you who 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    studied math extensively in college aren’t off the hook either, since the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    concepts tested on the GRE are not the ones studied by math majors or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    engineering students. Brainiacs who are used to working with orthogonal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matrices might not remember dividing with remainders. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That’s the “half-empty” news. The “half-full” news is that the GRE math 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    section tests a limited number of math concepts, so the math content of the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 GRE can be mastered. With a little bit—okay, for some of you, a lot—of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    studying, you can be confident that you will not be tested on an unfamiliar 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    math concept. The reason for this comes
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    partly from the fact that the 2
    material covered in the GRE math section is not very difficult. Instead, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 difficulty comes when the test demands you apply this basic set of GRE 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    math knowledge in creative ways to solve problems.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Mastering the basic math knowledge of the GRE becomes the first goal, so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this is what we’ll focus on for now (without such mastery, the math will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    indeed be difficult). Once this is done, the second step is learning to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    recognize how and when to apply the basic math knowledge on the GRE. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This will take more time than the first part, but you will have more than 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    enough questions to practice on before you have to exercise this skill on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    test day. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    On test day, you can expect to see a lot of math jargon in the Quantitative 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 section. But don’t fear; you don’t have to be intimidated by math speak. In 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 this section, we will define all the terms that you need to know for the test, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and we will work with them so that you can get comfortable with phrases 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 like “positive even integers divisible by 4.” As you learn (or refresh your
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    memory about) this math jargon, remember that learning a math term is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    48
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just like learning a new word. Don’t let the jargon-ness (jargonosity?) of it 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    throw you. A math term simply refers to a specific math notion, just like 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the word chair refers to a specific idea we have of “furniture you sit on.” 2
    1 When a math term is introduced, read the definition, consider the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    example, and think of it as your new word for the day. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 So, don’t let the GRE math section bully you, or your feelings, around. It 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can be conquered with a little effort. Roll up your sleeves, get to work, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 comfort yourself with the thought that once you finish the math section on
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the GRE, you will probably never have to be concerned about the area of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    parallelogram again (unless you decide to go to business school and need 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 to take the GMAT, that is).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Arithmetic, or Fun with Numbers 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Most people hear the word arithmetic and think “add-subtract-multiply-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 divide,” but arithmetic actually covers many basic math concepts and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    terms. GRE math loves to pile one math topic on top of another, so there’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a lot of arithmetic in the Quant section. Take your time and don’t just skim 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    over this portion to get to a juicier topic like Geometry, since Arithmetic 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    covers the fundamental terms that will be prevalent on almost every 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    question, in one form or another. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Integers, or Pretty Much Everything That’s Not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a Fraction 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Integers are the numbers that you count with (1, 2, 3 and so on). They can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    also be negative (21, 22, 23 . . .). Zero is also an integer. The numbers
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    23, 22, 21, 0, 1, 2, and 3 are all integers. Pretty much any whole number 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can think of—any number that is not a fraction or a decimal—is an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 integer, and if you put a negative in front of that number, it also is an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    integer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In the real world, the terms integer and number are fairly synonymous, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Alert!

    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since when any real person says “pick a number,” they don’t expect you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    13 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to pick a fraction like . However, integer is a more precise term, and 2
    1 8 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since it’s also something people are unfamiliar with, it makes many 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    appearances on the GRE.
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Besides zero, all integers are positive or negative, and they are also even or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    odd. Positive integers are greater than
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    zero (like 2, 15, or 309), and 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 49
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    negative integers are less than zero (21, 223, 290). Think of the integers 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as being along a line with zero at the center. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This figure above is called a number line,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901and seeing it may provoke a 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    jarring flashback to the eighth grade. As you go from left to right on a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number line, the value of the number increases. Notice that this means that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25 is greater than 210. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The mathematical definitions for even and odd values use integers, stating 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that an integer is even if you can divide it by 2 and have no remainder 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (nothing left over). For example, 24 and 10 are even since two evenly 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    divides into both. 11 and 227, on the other hand, are odd since 2 does not 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    evenly divide into them. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234 2
    4123456789012345678901234
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123 4 2
    4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123 4 2
    12345678901234567890123412345678901234567890123
    even 1 even 5 even e.g., 12 1 8 5 20
    1 123456789012345678901234 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    even 1 odd 5 odd e.g., 6 1 13 5 19 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    odd 1 odd 5 even e.g., 7 1 9 5 16
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    even 3 even 5 even e.g., 4 3 6 5 24 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    even 3 odd 5 even e.g., 3 3 8 5 24 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    odd 3 odd 5 odd e.g., 1 3 9 5 9 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (Remember, if you forget one of these, like what an even times an 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    odd is, just pick an even and an odd number and multiply them. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Their product will remind you.)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You might not remember how basic math operations work with that pesky 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    negative sign, so see the quick refresher on the following page. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    50 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Working with Negative Numbers 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1234567890123456789012345
    (negative) 1 (negative) 6123456789012345678901234
    e.g., (24) 1 (25) 5 29 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1234567890123456789012345 6 123456789012345678901234 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1234567890123456789012345
    5 negative 6
    123456789012345678901234 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456 1234567890123456789012345 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (positive) 1 (negative) e.g., (10) 1 (212) 5 10 2 12 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 5 (positive) 2 (positive) 5 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (26)
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 (8) 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5826 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 (positive) 2 (negative) e.g., 12 2 (23) 5 12 1 3 5 15
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 positive 1 positive 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (positive) 3 (negative) 5 negative e.g., 26 3 3 5 218
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (negative) 3 (negative) 5 positive e.g., (27) 3 (24) 5 28 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Zero is not negative, but it is e.g., 0 3 (210) 5 0
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    good to remember that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    0 3 (anything) 5 0
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    How many integers are there from 25 to 7 inclusive? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 14 2
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    1 B. 13 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 12 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    D. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 212 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Here’s a simple math question with two well-traveled math terms, integer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and inclusive. You know the first term, so if you figure out what inclusive 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means, you should be able to solve this problem. Inclusive means you 2
    2
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    1 include 25 and 7 when you are counting the number of integers. How 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    many negative numbers are there from 25 to 7? Five. How many positive 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    numbers are there from 25 to 7? Seven. Test-takers in a hurry may add 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    these numbers, 5 and 7, and then pick choice (C). Yet this would be too 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hasty, for if you recall, zero is also an integer. That makes the correct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    answer for this problem 13, choice (B).
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This problem typifies the GRE Quant section. The question contains two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    basic math terms and in many ways looks deceptively simple. You can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    come up with a quick answer, 12, that’s just begging for you to choose it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 However, if you take time and use a strong understanding of the basic
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    terms integer and inclusive, you will not forget the presence of zero. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 51
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The terms divisible and product are often used along with integers. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Divisible is the math term for when an integer can be divided by another 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    without there being a remainder. For instance, 12 is divisible by 3 since 2
    1 12 4 3 5 4, and there is no remainder. In this instance, 3 also has a name, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    divisor, since it evenly divides into 12. When you multiply two numbers 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 together, the answer is the product. So 12 is the product of 3 times 4. In
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this case, 3 and 4 are called factors of 12 because their product is 12. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 The factors of 12 are the integers that multiply together to give 12: 1 3 12,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 3 6, 3 3 4. Notice that the factors of 12 and the divisors of 12 are the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same. They just involve using a different math operation. Think of it as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 going up a set of stairs or heading down a set of stairs. Either way, it’s the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same set of stairs. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There is another related term, multiple. The multiple of an integer is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
    that integer times counting numbers like 1, 2, 3, and up. So the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 multiples of 3 are 3(3 3 1), 6(3 3 2), 9(3 3 3), 12(3 3 4), 15(3 3 5), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18(3 3 6) . . . and so on. The integer 12(3 3 4) is a multiple of 3, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it’s also a multiple of 4. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Keeping all these terms in your head can be a bit tricky. It’s like having 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    identical triplet cousins whose names are Tad, Todd, and Ted. Don’t lose 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    heart in this flurry of terms. None of them individually is difficult to grasp, 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 but they can be a little confusing if they are all heaped together at the same 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    time like in the following problem. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The greatest The first even 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    common factor of integer greater than 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18 and 36 434 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The greatest common factor, or GCF, is the largest number that is a factor 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of both 18 and 36. You might notice right off the bat that 36 5 2 3 18, 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and so 18 must be the GCF. If you don’t catch this, don’t sweat it. Just start 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 writing down the factors of 18 and 36.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Factors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Factors of 36: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 18 is the largest number they share, so the integer value of Column A is 18. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Looking at Column B, you just have to unpack the terms. The first integer
    1 greater than 16 (4 3 4) is 17, and the first even integer greater than 16 is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18. Column B also equals 18, so (C) is the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    correct answer. 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    52 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Tip
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Notice that both Columns A and B describe specific numbers that will
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have a definite relationship. Therefore, (D) cannot be the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 One final integer-related term to cover concerns prime numbers. Prime
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    numbers are divisible by only two integers, themselves and one. Another 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    way of saying this is to state “a prime number only has two multiples: Itself 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 1.” 11 is a prime number since the only integers that evenly divide into 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    11 are 11 and 1. Notice that 1 is not a prime number since it has one 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    multiple (1 3 1) and not two.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    It is a good idea to be familiar with the smaller prime numbers because you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    might need them at your fingertips for a problem. Here’s the first ten: 2, 3, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, and 29. If you want any more, you’ll have to figure 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    them out yourself or pay extra.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 If n equals the number of prime numbers greater than 10 and less
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    than 20, then 3n 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    C. 9
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 12 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 E. 15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Before you can find 3n, you must figure out what n is. Looking at the list of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    prime numbers in the paragraph above, you can see that there are four 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    prime numbers between 10 and 20: 11, 13, 17, 19. If n 5 4, then 3n will be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 (3)(4) 5 12. Therefore, (D) is the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1Fractions, or Pretty Much Everything That’s Not
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    an Integer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A fraction is a number made up of two integers and it looks like this: . 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 b 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The number on top, a, is called the numerator. The number on the bottom, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    b, is called the denominator. (If you can come up with a clever way to help 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    yourself remember that the numerator is on top while the denominator is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on bottom, you should do so.) A fraction means you are dividing the top 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 by the bottom, so a is the same thing as a 4 b. Since a 5 a 4 b, b cannot 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 equal zero becauseb mathematicians don’t think it makes b 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 any sense to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    divide by 0. I don’t have the exact reasons for this, but in general, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 53
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mathematicians are a serious lot and I don’t think they would say this just 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to pull our leg. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The GRE math section is going to expect you to do things like add and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    divide fractions, so here is a quick review of how to perform these math 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    operations with fractions.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. Addition 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 You can only add fractions that have the same denominator. If you are
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    asked what 1 equals, you have to make the bottoms look the same. In 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    math speak, this is called “finding a common denominator.” The common 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    denominator will be a number that is a multiple of both 4 and 3. 12 is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    smallest common multiple (in math speak, the least common multiple or
    LCM). To get 12 as your denominator for both fractions, you multiply the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    first denominator by 3 to get 12 and the second denominator by 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 to get 12. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    However, you can’t just multiply only the denominator by whatever 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number you please. You must also multiply the numerator by that same 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number. Multiply the first fraction by and the second one by . 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This gives you: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 3 3 9 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 3 12 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 4 8 2
    1 3 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 4 12 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 SD SD
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 3
    3
    1
    2 4
    3 4
    5
    9
    12
    1
    8
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    4 12
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now that the denominators are the same you can add the numerators, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9 8 8 1 9 17 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 5 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12 12 12 12 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 2. Subtraction
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Like addition, you have to have the same denominator in order to subtract 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    fractions. Once you have that, just subtract the two numbers on top (the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 numerators). So, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 2 9 8 928 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 2 5 2 5 5
    4 3 12 12 12 12
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    54 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. Multiplication 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This is a lot easier. Multiply the numerators together and multiply the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    denominators together. For example,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    210 3 230 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 5 20
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Fractions in answer choices on the GRE will usually be in their simplest 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    230 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    form, and so would not be an answer on the GRE. It would be 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 20
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    simplified, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    10 10
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 3 1 2
    2
    1 230 23 3 23 23
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 3 5 3 1 5 2 or 21 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    20 2 3 10 2 10 2 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. Division 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Dividing two fractions can look like this, 4 , or it can look like this, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    5 8
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    These two expressions are the same. You solve them with a two-step 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 7
    →
    8 2
    1 process. First, flip the fraction you are dividing by, so that . In math 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 8 7
    speak, this flipping is called “finding the reciprocal.” Now multiply the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 flipped fraction and the other fraction. So,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2 8 16 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 3 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 5 7 35
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 8
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A catchy phrase to remember the dividing procedure is, “When dividing, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    don’t ask why; just flip it over and multiply.” If you forget it, any 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14-year-old kid can remind you of this phrase. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Fractions also come in hybrid form. They’re called mixed fractions, and 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    1 they look like 37, which means 3 1 7. In order to do any arithmetic 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    operation like the ones discussed above, mixed fractions should be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 converted into pure fractions. You might be able to multiply the mixed 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 fractions 32 with 43, but it would be pretty messy. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    7 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 55
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To convert a mixed fraction into a pure fraction, first multiply the integer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    out front by the denominator, then add that product to the numerator. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 3 7 5 21 (multiplying the integer 3 with the denominator 7) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    21 1 2 5 23 (adding the product to the numerator 2) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 23
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Voila, you have it.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    All integers can be expressed as a fraction. Place the integer in the
    numerator and a 1 in the denominator. For instance, 7 in fractional form 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    is . If you think about it, 7 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 4 5 7 should make sense to you. 2
    1 1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3x 3 2 4 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If 4 5 4 then 3 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 8 3 4x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    1 B. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 C. 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 2
    1 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    E. 4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Here’s a basic GRE question that seeks to overwhelm you with a bunch of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fractions and arithmetic flitting about. You can’t solve the second equation 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    until you learn the value of x, which can be found by solving the first 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equation:
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3x 3
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 54
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 8
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3x 3 3x 8 24x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 5 3 5 5 4x (This solves the left side of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 8 2 3 6 2
    1 equation.) 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 4x 5 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x51 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    56 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Plugging x 5 1 into the second equation will get you: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 3
    3 4x
    5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 4 8 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3
    ~ !
    5 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 4 1 12 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You might have noticed that 5 1, so multiplying out the second equation 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    wasn’t necessary. Either way, you end up with
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (B), the correct answer. 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Decimals (Fractions in Disguise!) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Decimal form is another way to write a fraction. Decimals can easily be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    converted into fractions, since every decimal has a denominator that is a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 multiple of 10. The decimal 0.7 is the fraction 7 , while the decimal 0.765 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 10 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    765 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is . You take the number and make it the numerator, then you look 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1,000 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    and count how many spaces there are to the right of the decimal point.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This number equals the number of zeroes you need to place after a 1 in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    denominator. 0.7 has only one space to the right, so you put only one zero 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    after the 1, giving you 10 in the denominator. The decimal 0.765 has three 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    spaces, so you put three zeroes, giving you 1,000 in the denominator. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    All the numbers to the right of the decimal point have place values that end 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in the suffix “-th.” The decimal 0.7 is expressed “seven tenths,” while 0.25 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is “twenty-five hundredths.” Place values on either side of the decimal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    point might crop up, so it’s good to have a quick review: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Take the number 934.167:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789011234567 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9 is in the hundreds place, so the 9 means1
    123456789012345678901234567890 11234567
    900 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890 1234567 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789011234567 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 is in the tens place, so the 3 means 30 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 is in the units place, so the 4 means 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 1 is in the tenths place, so the 1 means 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 10 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    6 is in the hundredths place, so the 6 means
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 100 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 is in the thousands place, so the 7
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means 2
    2
    1 1,000
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 57
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Alert!
    A tricky part about place values and decimals is that there is no “unit-ths”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    value. In this example, the 4 is “four units” and the number to the left of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it is the tens. However, the number immediately to the right of 4—over 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the decimal point divide—is the tenths, not unit-ths. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When you add and subtract with decimals you need to make sure you line 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    up the decimal points. For instance, 345.4 minus 202.45 is: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    345.4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 2 202.45
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When multiplying decimals, do the multiplication as if the decimal points 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    weren’t there. Just ignore them for starters. Once you have the product, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    count how many decimal places you have behind the decimal in both 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    factors, and then put the decimal that many places into the product. If that 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 sounds confusing, in application it’s not. For instance, 3.5 3 0.5 → 175 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (multiplying forgetting the decimals). Or, there are two places behind the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decimal in the two factors, one for each factor. Putting two numbers
    behind the decimal in the product gives you 1.75. If you change the initial 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    numbers to 0.35 and 0.005, you still multiply and get 175 to start. But
    now there are five spaces to the left of the decimal point (two in 0.35 and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    three in 0.005), so your final answer will be 0.00175 for that problem.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To divide a decimal by a decimal, first move the decimal in the divisor until 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it is a whole number, and then move the decimal point as many spaces in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the number being divided. The expression 2.3 4 0.5 would look like this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    5 23.0 in long division form. You would have to move the decimal one
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    space to the left to transform 2.3 into the integer 23, so you must move 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the divisor one space to the left as well, making 0.5 into 5. Now do the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 division, and put the decimal in the quotient right where it lies in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4.6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number being divided, 5q23.0. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    58 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you need to convert a fraction into a decimal, remember that means 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 b 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a 4 b. So if you are given a fraction and you need to know its value in 2
    1 decimal form, divide the top by the bottom, and you have it. For example, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    if you need to know what is in decimal form,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    divide 2 by 7, 2
    2
    1 7
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    0.28 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 7 q 2.00
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 60
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    56 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ' 0.28 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    7
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    d, c, e are distinct prime numbers and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    d 1 e 5 c. They are also part of the six 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    digit number 54de.3c. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The value in the The value in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    tens place in the tenths place in the
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6-digit number 6-digit number 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The test is trying to confuse you with math speak. Don’t let it. Distinct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    prime numbers are prime numbers that are different from each other, so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 d Þ e Þ c. You can also infer that d, c, e must be 2, 3, 5, or 7 since those are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    all the single digit prime numbers. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Let’s look at Column A and try to pin it down. The value in the tens place 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is d. With what you know, d 1 e 5 c could be 2 1 3 5 5 or 2 1 5 5 7, but 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    there’s no way to tell which equation is valid. Therefore, d could be 2, 3, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    or 5. That narrows it down as much as possible, so it’s time to turn to
    1 Column B. The tenths place is the one just to the right of the decimal,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which is 3. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This gives us three possibilities. Depending on d’s value, it could be less 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    than, equal to, or greater than 3. This makes Column A less than, equal to,
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or greater than Column B, depending on what value you use for d. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Therefore, choice (D) is the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 59
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Exponents(Those Tiny Raised Numbers) and Roots 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Exponents can be a little weird, and that’s putting it nicely. A basic 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    looks like 4 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exponent , with the integer 4 called the base and the number 2 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    called the power, or exponent. The expression 4 is math shorthand for 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 3 4, which might make you think people have to be in a real hurry to use 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that shorthand. Exponents come in handy when you deal with numbers 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    like 4350, since writing out 350 fours is a bit time-consuming. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 While you might be using some arithmetic—adding, subtracting, fractions,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and decimals—in your everyday life, you’re usually not walking around 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    raising values to the n th
    power. Here is a condensed version of how 2
    1 exponents work. Look it over, play with them (plug in numbers and such), 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and get comfortable with them. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Exponent Refresher 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    0 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 1 2
    1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    x 5x3x 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x3 5 x 3 x 3 x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You get the picture. But just for good measure, here’s one more: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    3 4
    xx 5 x
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 Exponents can also be negative.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 21
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 22 1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2 x 3 x
    x
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 You can add and subtract numbers with exponents if they have the same 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    base and are raised to the same power. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    3x 1 2x 5 5x
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2x2 2 x2 5 x2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    3 2 3
    but 3x 1 3x Þ 6x since they are not raised to the same power.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 You can also multiply and divide numbers if they have the same base.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a b
    x x 5x a1b
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For instance, x 2
    3 x 3
    5 x 5
    . This makes sense if you see that x 2
    3 x 3
    5
    2
    1 (x 3 x)(x 3 x 3 x) 5 x5.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 x a 2 b
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x b
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    60 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For example, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 3 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    2
    5 x 5 x
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This also makes sense if you see that
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 3
    xxx 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 2 xx
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You can also raise a number with an exponent to a power. In gambling 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    terms, this would be like saying, “I’ll see your exponent, and raise you 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 another.”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    a b ab
    (x ) 5 x
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    So, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 3 6 23 3 29 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (x ) 5 x or (x ) 5 x 5 9 2
    1 x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a and b are positive distinct integers. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ 2
    ! 22
    ~ ! ~ 2
    ! 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2a 4b 10 b 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    a2b23 5~2a! a2a2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Here is another problem filled with complex-looking math things, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    standard issue for the GRE math problem visual. At first, don’t worry 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about the positive distinct integer bit. Just simplify the expressions step 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    by step. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22
    ~2a ! ~4b!
    2
    10(b ) 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2 23 2 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    a b 5(2a) a a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4b~b3! 10b4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ 2
    ! 2
    ~ 2
    ! 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    a 2a 5 4a a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4b4 10b4
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5
    2
    1 4a 6
    20a 6
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    b4 b4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 5 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a6
    2a 6
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now that you’ve done the work, you can go back to the “positive distinct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    integers” phrase. Since the two variables are positive integers, the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 61
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    denominator in Column A is smaller than the denominator in Column B, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    while the numerators are equal. Try substituting some small positive 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    integers into the equation if you like. If the denominator in Column B is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    greater, this means that Column A is greater in value, since . . Using 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 8 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 these simpler values, you can see how the numerators are equal and the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fraction with the smaller denominator is the largest value. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Tip
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If the variables weren’t “distinct” they could both equal 1, and the two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fractions would be equal.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What does equal? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4243 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 2 26 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 2 23 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 2 21
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 4 2
    2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 25 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    One way to do this is to raise each number to its power, multiply where 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    needed, and then simplify. You might be able to work this method on this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    problem, but if the numbers are raised to higher powers, this method
    1 becomes very difficult very quickly. The other way is to try to make the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    numbers in the numerator and the denominator have the same base so that
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can simplify directly. Since 4 5 (2)(2) then
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    4 5 [(2)(2)] 5 2 2 5 2 , 2 2 4 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 43 5 [(2)(2)]3 5 2323 5 26 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    So we can rewrite the fraction like this, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 4 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 3 4 6 10
    4 4 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This can be simplified straightforwardly,
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 210 26 2
    10
    5 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    1 You could also have transformed the numerator into a base of 4. Either 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    method would lead to the right answer, although since a majority of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer choices have a base of 2, transforming everything into that base 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    62 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    increases your chances of simply coming up with the right answer without 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    having to do one last conversion. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The annoying relative of the exponent is the square root. It looks like this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = , and it’s the opposite of squaring a number. When you square 4, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    multiply it by itself to get 16, but when you take the square root of 4, you 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 = 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    get the number that times itself gives 4(2 3 2) 5 4, so 4 52. Square 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    roots can also be written as exponents, =x 5 x .
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Even more annoying than the square root is the cube root. Just look at it, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = 3
    . Something like this practically screams “convoluted math process 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    up ahead.” When you cube something, you multiply it by itself twice (so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the cube of 3 is 33 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 27). The cube root is the opposite, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = 3
    27 5 3 or =8 5 2 because 2 3 2 3 2 5 8. Cube roots are written as 2
    3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    3
    exponents like this, =x 5 x3.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2 25 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    @ ~ 2
    !~ 3!~x12!# 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2x x 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If x 5 3 then 3 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4~x4!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    A. 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. =3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 D. 27 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 81 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There is good news and bad news about
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this problem. The good news is 2
    that with a problem like this, there are no hidden tricks. The bad news is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 that you have to work this problem out step by step, but you know 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    everything you need to know to do that. To the solving, then!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2 2 25
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ 2x ! ~ x 3!~x12! 2 25 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 5 x x 3x12x 4
    2
    ~ !
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 x
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 The four in the denominator is cancelled out by the 2 that gets squared. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now we need to find a common denominator for the exponents in order to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    add and subtract these fractions. This process was discussed earlier on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    page 62, and as you can see, straightforward concepts have a way of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    showing up in odd places on a GRE math question. 12 is an easy choice. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2 25 3 24 1 8 1 25 2 9 48
    4 2
    1 2
    2
    x x3x12x 4 5 x 12 5 x12 5 x
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If x 5 3 then the answer is 81, or (E).
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 63
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Common Exponents to Know 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
    3 4 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 5 8, 2 5 16, 2 5 32 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3
    3 5 27, 3 5 81 4
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3
    4 5 64
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 125 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 One more tip when dealing with exponents: Always remember that the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    base can be a negative number. If a problem states, “x 5 36,” it’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    common to assume that x 6. This is
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901a tried-and-true test trap. Without 2
    2
    1 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    any more information given in the problem, all you know is that x could be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6 or 26. Any number raised to an even power will yield a positive number, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    but the base could be positive or negative. When the exponent is odd, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    base is the same sign as what it equals. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For instance, if x 5
    5 232 then x 5 22.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Percents Are about 4.6% of This Entire Chapter 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Percents are not an alien concept, but the GRE expects a greater
    understanding of percents than what you need to navigate the local 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    grocery store. It isn’t a huge amount of additional information that you
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 need to understand, but a few things probably need to be ironed out in 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    your mind about percents. Let’s get to ironing. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Percent just means “per hundred” or “divided by one hundred.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    27 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    So 27% 5 , or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    100 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    0.6 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    0.6% 5 5 2
    1 100 1,000 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If bananas are 40% off at the store, and their normal price is $3/pound, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then their sale price is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (100% 2 40%)($3 pound) 5 (60%) ($3 pound)
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 S D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5
    60
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    100
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ $3 pound!
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 (0.6)($3 pound) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 5 $1.80 pound 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    64 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Notice that we multiplied the price times 60% because the sales price was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    40% off. You could also have found out how much the bananas were 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discounted due to the sale, and then subtracted that number from the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 original price. This would give you:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 (40 sale)($3 pound) 5S D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    40
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    100
    ~$3 pound!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 (0.4)($3 pound)
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 $1.20 discount 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Subtract $1.20, the discount, from the original
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    price of $3/pound and you 2
    2
    1 get $1.80/pound, the same answer as before.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A straightforward use of percent is when you are given two numbers and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    asked to figure out a percentage value. A simple question of this kind 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    might ask, “What percentage of 33 is 3?” To answer this problem, it helps 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to travel back in time to the fifth grade and dredge up the skill known as 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 cross-multiplying. Given two fractions equal to each other, you can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    multiply the numerator of the first fraction with the denominator of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    second fraction. Then you can multiply the numerator of the second 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fraction with the denominator of the first fraction, and set both products 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equal to each other. Like many basic math concepts, the explanation is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tougher than the actual cross-multiplying. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 One way to set up this problem is 3 5 x , because you want to know 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    33 100 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what percentage the original fraction equals. Solving for x by cross- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    multiplying yields 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 3 x
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    33 100 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~33!~x! 5 ~3!~100! → (the second step is the 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    33x 5 300 → cross-multiplying one)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    300
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x5 '9
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    33
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    With no calculator, 9 is a good estimate. Therefore, 3 is about 9% of 33. 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    X-Ref

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 3 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The shortcut on this problem was to see that 5 , and using 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 33 11 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    1 fraction-decimal conversions, 5 0.09 5 9%.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    11 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Those are the user-friendly percent questions. Percent increase and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decrease problems are a tad bit trickier. With these problems, the critical 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    point to remember is that any increase or decrease is relative to the original 2
    1 value (what is increasing or decreasing). You need to use the original value 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    if you are trying to find the percent change. Suppose a problem tells you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 that a certain stock started the year priced at $40/share and ended the year
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    at $56/share. What was the percentage change? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 This percentage change is relative to the original value of $40/share. To
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    find the percentage change, you find how much the stock price changed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 $16 share 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 ($16/share) and divide it by the original value, 5 5 0.4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 $40 share 10 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 40%. Since the change was an increase, the stock price increased 40%. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The same method would be used to find a percentage decrease. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You might see a percentage change problem like this but be given the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    percentage change and the final value of the item and asked to find the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 original value. In that case, you are doing the same problem you just did in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reverse. Here is the formula you can use to solve either kind of problem, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    |x y| 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 z, where x is the original value, y is the second value, and z is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x
    percentage change. (If the lines around the numerator are like alien 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scribblings to you, look forward to the section on absolute value for an 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    explanation of them.) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The price of a house increased 15%, and then decreased 20%. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Compared to the original price, the final price was
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. an 8% decrease. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. a 5% decrease. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. the same. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. a 3% increase. 2
    1 2
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    E. a 5% increase. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
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    Choices (B) and (E) are the big traps here. It seems so inviting to just add 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 or subtract percentages together, but this is almost always wrong. This is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Note

    because the two percents are often reflections of different numerical 2


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    values. In other words, you could add 50% of 100 and 25% of 100 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 together only because they have the same base value, 100. But you can’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just add up 50% of 2 and 25% of 100 because these are percentages of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 different numbers, 2 and 100. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    There’s a simple trick that makes this kind of problem a lot easier. If you’re
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not told what the original price of the house is, pick a value and work the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    problem with it. You want to make things easy, so don’t pick a tough
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    66 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    number like 17.53. Using the value of 100 is a much better choice, as this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    makes the first percent change easy to figure. A 15% increase on 100 is 15, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and so after the first increase the price of the house is 115.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You now have to calculate a 20% decrease on a house valued at 115. If 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you recall those fraction-decimal conversions
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on page 57, 20% 5 0.20 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 . Therefore, to find the value of the 20% decrease, multiply 115 by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
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    1 115 115
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 one fifth, 3 5 5 23. The price of the house decreased 23 from 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 1 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    115, which means the final value of the house is 92(115 2 23). What is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 percentage change from 100 to 92? It’s an 8% decrease, choice (A).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Ratios, Where You Can Compare Apples to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Oranges 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Ratio problems on standardized tests are like affable guests on a talk 2
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    1 show: They make a lot of appearances. Ratios can be tested in lots of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    different kinds of problems, which is one reason for their common 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    occurrence. You might see ratios in a word problem or a probability 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problem, or maybe in just a straightforward ratio problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Ratios are a fancy way of writing fractions. There are a couple of different
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    forms of ratios that you might see on a test, but they are all equivalent to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 each other and they are also all equivalent to the fractional form of the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ratio. In a word problem, a ratio would look like this: “9 bananas were 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 sold for every 4 apples that were sold.” The ratio of bananas to apples sold 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is 9 to 4, or 9:4. These three expressions are equivalent, and they are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equivalent to the fraction (the first number in the ratio is the numerator 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and the second the denominator). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    From a precise mathematical standpoint, ratios and fractions are not 2
    Tip

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    completely interchangeable. However, the precise distinction between 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ratios and fractions is not relevant for the GRE, so don’t sweat it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Like fractions, ratios can be reduced to lowest terms. If the ratio had been
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 “9 bananas sold for every 3 apples,” the ratio would be 9:3 or 3:1. These 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ratios are the same, just as is the same thing as . 2
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    3 1 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Since you can compare fractions and say that one is greater than another, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can do the same thing with ratios. For instance, which ratio is greater, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 4 2
    1 4:3 or 5:4? Convert both to fractions and compare. Is greater or smaller 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 67
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    than ? It is greater because a third is greater than a fourth (bigger 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    denominator means smaller value, just like
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    earlier), and four thirds is a 2
    2
    1 third greater than one, while five fourths is a fourth greater than one.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Before 4 girls entered the class, there were
    2
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    18 boys and 16 girls in the fourth grade 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 class at Santiago Elementary School.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The original ratio of The final ratio of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 boys to girls in girls to boys in
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the class the class 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    First, you know that you can determine the two ratios, which means you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can compare them. Since there will be a definite relationship between 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Column A and Column B, choice (D) is out. The original ratio of boys to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 18 9 20 10 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    girls is 18:16 or 5 . The final ratio of girls to boys is 20:18 or 5 . 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    16 8 18 9 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A is one eighth greater than one, and Column B is one ninth
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    greater than one, so (A) is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Absolute Value (not a vodka-related concept) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Do you remember the number line on page 50 of this chapter? The concept 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of absolute value is related to the number line. The absolute value of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 number is how many numbers (how far) it is away from zero on the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number line. 214 is 14 numbers away from zero on the number line, so the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    absolute value of 214 is 14. Of course, the powers-that-be came up with a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cute little way to denote absolute value. For our example, it’s like this: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    |214| 5 14. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Algebra 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The word algebra usually conjures up memories of numbers and letters 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 3 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mashed together in strings like “9y 1 3x 5 2 .” In simplest terms, algebra 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    uses placeholders, called variables, as substitutes for a known value. Using
    1 variables in this manner often allows someone to set up an equation and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then solve this equation to find the actual value of the variable. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Setting up equations with variables and manipulating these equations are
    1 standard fare for all standardized math tests, and the GRE is no exception. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Problems filled with variables will be easily recognizable algebra prob- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lems, but these are not the only ones you will encounter. On others, the key 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will be to create the correct equation on your own, although this might not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    68 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be the most obvious step required. The end point is that you should get 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    comfortable with the idea of using variables and making equations, since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this is yet another tool you can use to crack open and solve GRE 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Quantitative questions.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Many algebra problems have a geometry component, and others are filled
    Alert!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the sort of math jargon you just finished studying. As you work 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 through the rest of this chapter, you will see how a firm foundation of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arithmetic aids you on all types of problems. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Equations 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Equations are like sentences written in math. Unlike sentences written in 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    English, sentences written in math always follow the same form and rules: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. There is stuff on the right side of the equation, and it equals the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 stuff on the left side of the equation. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. If you do something to the right side, you have to do the exact 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same thing to the left side, and vice versa. (That is how you can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    keep the equal sign between them. If you do the same thing to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    each side, they remain equal.) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. It doesn’t matter what you do to one side, so long as you follow 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Rule #2. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Burn Rules #2 and #3 into your head, since you’ll often be given an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equation to start with and asked to do something to it. Anything’s fair 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    game—multiplying, dividing, raising to a power, cubing the root, adding 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 43,000,000,000—so long as it’s done to both sides. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If 3x 2 12 5 33, then what does x equal? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 This is a simple equation. To find out what x equals, you need to get x all 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    by itself on one side of the equation. The variable x will then equal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    everything on the other side of the equation. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3x 2 12 5 33
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3x 2 12 1 12 5 33 1 12 By adding twelve to both sides, we can
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 get rid of the 212 on the left side.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3x 5 45
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Dividing both sides by three will get rid 2
    1 3x 4 3 5 45 4 3
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the 3 in front of the x. 2
    1 x 5 15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There you have it.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 69
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Notice that in the example there was only one equation and one variable. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The next step up is a problem where you are given two equations and two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    unknowns. It’s all still good, because if you have two equations you can 2
    1 solve for two unknowns. It just takes a little bit longer. (The general math 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rule is that you can solve for as many unknowns as you have distinct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 equations.)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If 4x 1 3y 5 13 and x 1 2y 5 2, then
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what is the value of 27xy? 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 224 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 24 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 C. 21
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 28 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are two different ways to try to solve this problem. The first way is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the “solve and plug.” You solve for one variable in one equation and then
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 plug it into the other equation. It looks like this: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 1 2y 5 2 → x 5 2 2 2y (Plug this in for x in the other 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    equation.)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4~2 2 2y! 1 3y 5 13 (Now we have one equation with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    one unknown, so we can solve
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for y.) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8 2 8y 1 3y 5 13 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25y 5 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y 5 21 (We can
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    take this information and 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    plug it back into our equation 2
    1 x 5 2 2 2y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with x.) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2 2 2(21) 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    54 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Once you have the values for both variables, you can determine what
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    27xy equals. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 7xy 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7~4!~21! 5 228
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    70 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That was the first way. The second way is a little more inventive and can be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quicker. To do it, you want to make the coefficients of one of the variables 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the same in both equations. Then you can subtract one equation from the 2
    1 other and so eliminate one of the variables. In our example, it is easiest to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    make both of the x’s have a coefficient of 4. You can get this by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 multiplying the second equation by 4:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 1 2y 5 2 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 4~x 1 2y! 5 4~2! → Rule #2 at work!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4x 1 2y 5 8 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Line the two equations up and subtract one from the other:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4x 1 3y 5 13 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 4x 1 8y 5 8 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25y 5 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y 5 21
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Plugging this back in, you will find that x 5 4. As you would hope, this is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the same result that we got doing the problem the first way. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    More Complicated Equations 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    Equations on the GRE don’t get much more complicated than the previous
    1 ones. There are, however, quadratic equations occasionally lurking around
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the test. These sound intimidating, but if you got through high school
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    algebra, you have already mastered these imps once. You’ll just need a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    little refresher so you can master them again.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A quadratic equation means that one variable will be raised to a power like 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this, x2. In order to solve these buggers, you often have to factor. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Factor Refresher 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ab 1 ac 5 a ~ b 1 c!
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~a 1 b!~c 1 d!5 ac 1 ad 1 bc 1 bd 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    a 1 2ab 1 b 5 ~a 1 b! 2
    2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    a 2 2ab 1 b 5 ~a 2 b! 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2 2
    a 2 b 5 ~ a 2 b!~ a 1 b!
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 71
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Think back, way back, to Algebra I. You might recall the memory aid 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    called “FOIL.” FOIL is used when you are multiplying two groups of two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    variables that look like this: (a 1 b)(c 1 d). The expression stands for, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 “First, Outside, Inside, Last.”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You multiply the First terms (a 3 c),
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Outside terms (a 3 d), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Inside terms (b 3 c),
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Last terms (b 3 d), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 and then you add them all together.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you are asked to “expand”—that’s the term often used—the expression, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just follow FOIL:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~2x 1 3!~x 2 4! 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2x 2
    2 8x 1 3x2 12 5
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2x2 2 5x 2 12 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Factoring is the reverse of FOIL. Factoring is when you make the math
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expression have parentheses instead of the other way around, so you take 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    something like 2x2 2 5x 2 12 and must factor it into two parentheses like 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the (2x 1 3)(x 2 4) you started with above. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Factoring is 2often not as straightforward as doing FOIL. Let’s use the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expression x 2 2x 2 15 as an example of what needs to be factored. First, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 if there is no coefficient in front of the squared term—x2 in our 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    example—then you can put an x in the first place of each parentheses, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (x )(x ). Next, notice that the 15 has a minus in front of it. This 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    could only be the case if one of the last terms in the parentheses is negative 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and the other last term is positive, which means (x 1 )(x 2 ). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The product of the last two terms is 15. What factors give fifteen? 1 3 15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 3 3 5 answers this problem. One of these factored pairs is the one 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    needed to complete the parentheses, but figuring out which one is correct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    can take some trial and error. The difference between the factors must be 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since that is the coefficient of the x-term, so 3 3 5 has to be what goes in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the blanks of our parentheses. But which goes where? Since the x-term is
    1 negative (22), the larger number, 5, should go in front of the minus sign. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This gives us (x 1 3)(x 2 5). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    72 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
    You can always check to see if you have factored correctly by FOILing to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    see if you get what you started with:
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ 2
    x 1 3!~x 2 5! 5 x 2 5x 1 3x 2 15 5 x 2 2x 2 15 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You want to be comfortable using FOIL and factoring, since many 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems will require these math operations. If this one example of 2
    1 factoring didn’t get all those old factoring juices flowing, then it is a good 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    idea to play around with factoring to get more comfortable with it. Make 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    up a few expressions like (x 5)(x
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2) or (x 8)(x 2), expand them, 2
    2
    1 2 2 1 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and then factor them. With practice, factoring can become as straightfor- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ward as expanding. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    c is a positive integer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2 2
    c 2 4 2c 2 c 2 6
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When you see a problem like this, you should immediately suspect that you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    can factor these two expressions and then compare them directly. The GRE 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    isn’t going to give a problem where the only way to solve it is just plug in
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    numbers randomly; that’s just not how it’s designed. Column A is one of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    classic factors from the chart, although you may have to look hard to see 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 a2 2 b2 5 (a 2 b)(a 1 b). It’s there, though, and c2 2 4 5 (c 1 2)(c 2 2). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Keep these results in mind when factoring Column B. You should be on the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    look out for a (c 1 2) or a (c 2 2) since that would make it easier to directly 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    compare Column A and B. In factoring Column B, the first terms can only
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ). If you don’t see that, play with the numbers and it 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be: (2c )(c 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    should become clear. Since there is a negative sign in front of the 6, there 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 must be one plus and one minus sign in the parentheses. The factor pairs of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6 are 1 3 6 and 2 3 3. Since the middle c-term has a coefficient of one, 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 3 are probably our factors, but with the 2 in front of the first c, we 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can’t be sure. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Play with the numbers to see if 2 and 3 can make it work. After some 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    unavoidable trial and error, you should hit upon (2c 1 3)(c 2 2). Since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 both columns have a (c 2 2) term in them, you can disregard that term in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    each column and focus on the other terms. You are now left comparing (c 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2) and (2c 1 3). Since c is a positive integer, it seems likely that (2c 1 3) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 is greater, but plug in a few numbers to confirm this if you aren’t sure. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Make sure to plug in c 5 1, since 1 is the lowest positive integer and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 therefore the most likely candidate for making (A) greater or equal to (B).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    It turns out that (B) is always greater than (A), so the correct answer is (B).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 73
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When factoring quadratic equations, the first thing to be done is to get all 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the numbers and variables on one side and have the other side of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equation equal zero. Suppose you were given the equation x2 1 x 2 6 5 6, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 and asked to determine the value(s) of x. The first step is:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    x 1x2656→
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 2
    x 6 6 6 6 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2 2 5 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 1 x 2 12 5 0
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 There is a good reason why you do this, but you don’t need to know it
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    because GRE math tests the how’s and not the why’s of algebra. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Now it’s time to factor, and with some work you will get: x2 1 x 2 12 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    (x 1 4)(x 2 3). To determine the value(s) of x, look at the two sets of
    1 parentheses and remember that any number multiplied by zero is zero. You 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can deduce that either (x 1 4) 5 0 or (x 2 3) 5 0 equals zero, although at 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this point you don’t know which. When you are dealing with quadratic 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    equations (equations that have squared terms in them), there will often be
    two answers. In this example, x equals 24 or 3. Keep the “two answers are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    correct” point in mind when you see quadratic equations, since that’s the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 kind of funky math knowledge that the test-makers love to test. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    3x 1 11x 1 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If 2 5 0, then x 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 1 6x 1 9 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 2
    3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 21 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 2 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    As always, don’t be intimidated by how complicated that algebra 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 expression looks. If you see something like this, you should know that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    winning strategy on this type of problem is to find a way to simplify it. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    denominator looks less intricate, so let’s start there: 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 1 6x 1 9 5 (x 1 3)(x 1 3) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    74 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    It is a good bet that in factoring the numerator, you will find a (x 1 3) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    term. Start with that premise and see where it leads you: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3x2 1 11x 1 6 5 (x 1 3)(3x 1 2) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There it is. It’s not a coincidence, either. Putting it all together, you have: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    3x 1 11x 1 6 ~x 1 3!~3x 1 2! ~3x 1 2!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 50 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 2
    1 6x 1 9 ~ x 1 3!~x 1 3! ~ x 1 3 ! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Remember that a fraction equals zero if the numerator equals zero, and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (3x 1 2) 5 0 if x 5 2 , which is the correct
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer, choice (A). 2
    2
    1 3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Not Equations But Inequalities
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Inequalities are like equations except that there is not an equal sign between 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the left and right side. Instead you might find one of the following: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Various Inequality Signs 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Þ not equal to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    , less than 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ≤ less than or equal to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    . greater than 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ≥ greater than or equal to 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If 4x 1 2 , 12, then 4x 1 2 is less than 12. If you needed to solve for x in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 this inequality, the rules are the same as for equations. Whatever you do to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one side, you have to do to the other. For example: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4x 1 2 , 12 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4x 1 2 2 2 , 12 2 2 →
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 4x , 10 →
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4x 4 4 , 10 4 4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x,
    2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There is one caveat to working with inequalities. If you multiply or divide 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 by a negative number, the direction of the inequality sign switches. Freaky, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eh? Suppose you need to solve the inequality 4 1 2g . 8 2 4g. First, collect 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    all the g’s on one side:
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 1 2g . 8 2 4g → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 2 8 1 2g 2 2 g . 8 2 8 2 4 g 2 2 g → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 2 4 . 2 6g
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 75
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Divide each side by 26 and remember to switch the inequality. You get 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    , g. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 10 . 2 2x 1 3 . 4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 23 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 If 10 . 22x 1 3 . 4 looks a little overwhelming, just think of it as two 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    separate inequalities (10 . 22x 13 and 22x 1 3 . 4) and solve them 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 separately.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22x 1 3 . 4 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22x 1 3 2 3 . 4 2 3 →
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22x . 1 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    22x 4 22 . 1 4 22
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x,2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    10 . 22x 1 3 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    10 2 3 . 22x 1 3 2 3 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    → 2
    1 7 . 22x 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 4 22 . 22x 4 22 → 2
    1 2
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    7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 ,x
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Column B is an actual number, 23. As for Column A, all you know is that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x is between negative seven halves (23.5) and negative one and one half.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 This means that x could be smaller than, equal to, or greater than 23, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    depending on where it is within its range. The correct answer is (D). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1A Statistics Excursus (Look It Up!)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The next three statistical concepts are kind of like the Marx Brothers. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    There are three main ones, and then another that’s sort of the Zeppo of the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bunch. Some combination of mean, median, and mode will make an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    appearance on your GRE math section. Test-makers like to make 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 questions using these statistical concepts because they test your ability to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    apply a concept to a math scenario. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    76 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Statistics Refresher 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arithmetic mean, mean, or
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sum of numbers divided by the 2
    2
    1
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    average number of items in set 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    median middle number when set is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 lined up in numerical order
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mode number that appears most often 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 in a set
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    range difference between the greatest 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and smallest values in set 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To compare all the terms, consider the number set, {14, 12, 8, 15, 5, 8}. To 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    determine the mean, you add up the numbers in the set (14 1 12 1 8 1 15
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    1 5 1 8 5 62), then divide the sum by number of items in set. There are six 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    62 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    items, or numbers, total, so 5 10 . This is the average mean of the set. 2
    1 6 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When people use the word average in everyday speech, they are referring 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to mean. But there are two other ways to find what can be considered an
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    average of a group and these are median and mode. To find the median, 2
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    you must first line up the numbers in numerical order, {5, 8, 8, 12, 14, 15}. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    You then pick the one in the middle, and that’s the median. This works 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    quickly if there is an odd number of items in the set, but it takes a teensy bit
    1 of work if there is an even number of items in the set. If that’s the case, the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    there is not one single number in the middle. Instead, there are two in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    middle, 8 and 12. To find the median of this set, you must find the mean of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
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    8 1 12 20
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the two middle numbers. 5 5 10. The median of this group of 2
    1 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    numbers is 10, even though 10 is not one of the numbers listed in the set. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 The mode of a set is the number that appears most often. It is 8 for the 2
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    number set in question, since this is the only number that occurs more than 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    once. To find the range (the Zeppo of this group), you subtract the smallest 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number from the greatest number, 15 5 10. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2 5
    1
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    The test, though, won’t ask you questions as easy as, “What is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    average?” It will expect you to be able to find these different values and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then work a problem from there. For example, with the number set above, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you might be asked a QC question like: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Column A Column B
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    {14, 12, 8, 15, 5, 8} 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The median of The range of the set 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    the set
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 77
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You have already found the value of 10 for both these concepts, so the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer to this question would be (C). This problem is easy for anyone 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    knowledgeable with the terms, but to someone who doesn’t know what is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 being asked, it would be time for a one-in-four guess.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Gina has received the following four scores on tests: 87, 92, 90, and
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    85. If after a fifth test Gina’s test average was 91, what was her 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    score on the fifth test?
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 85 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 88 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 C. 95
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 98 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 101 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are two ways to attack this problem. The first is to set up an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    equation using the average formula and place a variable for the unknown
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 fifth test score, 87 1 92 1 90 1 85 1 x 5 91. You then solve for x. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    second way of attack is to take the likely answer choices and use them as 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the fifth test score and see if the set averages to 91. With a little mental 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    work, you can guess that neither 85 nor 88 is the correct answer since the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fifth test will need to be above 91 to bring the average up to that. 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Proceeding with this approach, you should start with 98, the middle of the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 three remaining numbers. This way, if 98 is not the answer, you should be 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    able to figure out what the right answer is. Placing 98 as the fifth score, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 you get 87 1 92 1 90 1 85 1 98 5 452. However, since 91 3 5 5 455, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you know this answer choice is 3 points too low. You need a higher score, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    one preferably higher by three points. Looking at your answer choices,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    there is only one possible choice that’s higher, choice (E). It’s the correct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This approach might seem unconventional or non-mathy, but that’s good. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You don’t want to limit yourself to a single method for all problems. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more creative you get in approaching problems, the more flexibility you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    give yourself to find the right answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1Word Problems
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A train leaves Pittsburgh at 12 p.m. (EST) traveling due east at a speed of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    45 mph. A second train leaves San Francisco at 2 p.m. (PST) traveling at 50
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 mph heading due north. When will the two trains cross paths? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    78 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Alert!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The trains will never meet. The Pittsburgh locomotive will soon run into 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the Atlantic Ocean, while the San Fran train will take a while before
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sliding off into the Pacific. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Admittedly, you probably won’t see that word problem on test day, but it 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    does illustrate that word problems are questions that contain a set of math 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    conditions in written form. Many word problems on the GRE involve 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    converting a statement in English into an algebra equation, and then 2
    1 solving the equation for the desired variable. Suppose you are told that 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two doughnuts and three coffees cost $2.70 at the local bakery. At the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same bakery, 2 doughnuts and a coffee cost $1.50. You can translate the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first sentence into algebra like this: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 doughnuts 1 3 coffees 5 $2.70 2
    1 2
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    2d 1 3c 5 $2.70 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    With this one equation, you don’t have enough information to determine
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    how much a coffee or a doughnut costs. But if you translate the second 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    statement into an equation, then you will have two unknowns and two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    equations. This will give you the same set-up as seen on page 70 earlier, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    when you solve for two variables using two equations.
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The second equation is 2d 1 c 5 $1.50. If you subtract the second 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equation from the first, the 2d terms cancels out and you are left with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2c 5 $1.20 → c 5 $0.60. Plugging in the price for coffee into the second 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equation, you can solve for d, which is 0.45. Ta da! You used algebra to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decipher a word problem and then manipulated two equations to find the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    values of two unknown variables. You’ll be an expert GRE mathematician 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    yet! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The key to translating English into algebra is to do it piece by piece. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Suppose a question states, “The difference between Tom and John’s age is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    13, and Tom is older.” The term difference means you are subtracting, and
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the word is means “equals,” so our translation would be T 2 J 5 13 (it is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    T minus J because T is older).
    1
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    There are a number of key words and phrases often used when translating 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    English to algebra, as you can see from the chart on the next page. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 79
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Translation Key 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If You See This
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Do This 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sum, plus, added to, combined with, greater Add 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    than, increased by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    difference between, minus, subtracted from, Subtract 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    less than, reduced by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 product, times, multiplied by, twice, doubled, Multiply
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    half 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quotient, divided by, per, ratio of blank to Divide 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    blank, out of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equals, will be, was, is the same as, costs, Equals 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    adds up to, results in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A mixture of 14 ounces of water and oil is 50% water (by weight). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    How many ounces of oil must be added to the mixture to produce a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    new mixture that is only 25% water? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 10 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    B. 14
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 16 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    D. 20
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 28 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This is a little tricky, so we have a little unpacking to do. In the first 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mixture, 50% of the 14 ounces is water, which we could represent by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14~0.5! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 0.5. The numerator is the number of ounces of water, and the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    denominator is the total number of ounces. That might seem obvious, but
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 it is helpful for being able to write down the second mixture, which is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    going to have ounces of oil added to it (added to the denominator in this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    case) until the percentage equals 0.25. This can be written down as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ ! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14 0.5 2
    1 14 1 x 5 0.25. All that remains is to solve for x, which after some 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    working will get you x 5 14, choice (B). The alternate way to do this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problem is to start with the answer choices and work backward. Always 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 start with the middle value so that if it does not yield the right answer, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will know if you need to go higher or lower (and so eliminate the answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices in the opposite direction). If you add 16 ounces of oil, then you 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 will have a total of 30 ounces with 7 ounces of water. That is a little under 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25% water, so 16 is a little too much to add. 14 then would be a good 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 guess if you are crunched for time.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    80 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Geometry
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Fortunately, there will be no proofs and no mention of Euclid in the GRE,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    so you won’t have to revisit those painful experiences from high school. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There is a limited set of basic geometry that you will be expected to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    understand and apply to solve problems,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    so the first order of business is 2
    2
    1 the review of this material.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1Lines and Angles
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    It doesn’t get much more basic than the line. Most of the geometric figures 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that you see on test day will be composed of lines or segments of lines, with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circles being the major exception. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The test will use the notation AB sometimes to refer to the line segment 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 AB. This notation will also refer to the length of the line segment AB. You 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will be able to tell from the context which is intended. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The angle is one step up in complexity. It will include at least two lines. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When two lines intersect as in the above figure, the angles across from each 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    other are called vertical angles, and they are equal (so a° 5 c° and b° 5 d°). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The sum of the four angles is 360 degrees, while the sum of any of the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angles adjacent to each other is 180 degrees ( a° 1 b° or d° 1 c°, for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 example). The adjacent angles sum to 180 degrees because two adjacent 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angles in our example define the angle measure of a straight line, and the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    measure of a straight line is 180 degrees. If a° 5 90, then you could deduce 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    that all four of the angles are 90 degrees because if a° 5 90 then c° 5 90,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and if c° 5 90 then d° 5 90 because d and c must sum to 180 degrees, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    so on around the diagram. Ninety-degree angles also go by the special
    1 name of right angles. They have a special symbol as well, the .
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Tip

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Angles that add up to 180 degrees are called supplementary angles.
    1 Angles that add up to 90 degrees are called complementary angles.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 81
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If two lines intersect and the angles formed by their intersection are right 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angles, the lines are said to be perpendicular. In our example, if the angles 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are right angles then l1 is perpendicular to l2, which is denoted as l1 ⊥ l2. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Two lines can have one other kind of special relationship, which is known
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as parallel and denoted by two close-together straight lines such as l1 i l2. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Like train tracks, parallel lines never intersect. Two parallel lines are not 2
    1 that interesting, but if you cross two parallel lines with a third line, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hoo boy! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Since they are vertical angles, 1 equals 4, 2 equals 3, 5 equals 8, and 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    equals 7. Also, angles 2 and 4, 1 and 3, 5 and 6, 5 and 7, and a host of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    others are all supplementary angles. That’s just the start. Alternate interior 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 angles are also equal. To unpack that term, consider that interior refers to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    an angle on the inside (3, 4, 5, 6) of the parallel lines. Alternate means the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angles that are on different sides of the non-parallel line (3 and 6, 4 and 5). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    So 3 5 6 and 4 5 5. Notice this means we can deduce a lot more about the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 relationships of the different angles (1 5 8, 2 5 7). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    l1 i l2
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a b 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 This looks a little different than the figure we were just working with, but 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    if you rotate it ninety degrees, you can see that it is basically the same. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    b 5 90 because it and the right angle must sum to 180 (supplementary 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angles). At this point there are two ways to get the answer. You could 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reason, “Two lines that are parallel will intersect a third line at the same 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    82 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angle, which would mean that a is a right angle.” If you didn’t see that, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    don’t worry, since there is another way to get the answer. b is equal to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angle across from it (vertical angles), and so b is also equal to the angle 2
    1 across from a (alternate interior angles). So a and b are equal since they are 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equal to the same angle. The correct answer is (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Triangles 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Triangles are tri-angled geometric figures that have three angles and three 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sides. There are many different kinds of triangles that all have different 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    names, but we don’t need to concern ourselves
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 with those here. The GRE 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will test some general principles about triangles and will also focus on a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    few special kinds of triangles. The wisest course of action is to review these 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    general principles and then get really familiar with the triangles that are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the GRE’s favorites. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A rule that holds true for all triangles is that the three angles sum to 180
    1 degrees. This means that if you know two angles of a triangle, then you can
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    find the third. So if a triangle has two angles that are equal and third angle 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is 50 degrees, what is the measure of the other two angles? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To answer this, let’s go back in this chapter and employ some algebra. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Calling the two equal angles x, you get 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2x 1 50 5 180 → 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2x 1 50 2 50 5 180 2 50 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2x 5 130 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2x 4 2 5 130 4 2 →
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 65 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Another general rule for triangles—referenced earlier in the book—is that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 any two sides of a triangle must be longer than the third side. Otherwise, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the sides would not meet. You might need this information on a QC where 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one column is the length of the longest side of the triangle and the other 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    column is the maximum length of the other shorter sides combined. In that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    case, the other two sides must be longer for the figure to actually be a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    triangle. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Another principle that holds for all triangles is the formula for the area of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    a triangle, A 5 ~base!~height!. Using this formula would be simple if you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    knew what the base and height of the triangle are, but most problems 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    aren’t going to tell you that directly. To find them, you must know that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    height is the measure of any line segment that begins at one of the vertices 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and ends at the opposite side, forming a right angle with that side, and that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 83
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the base is the length of the line that the height forms the right angle with. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Look at this figure if that explanation didn’t clear everything up for you. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    One thing to keep in mind is that the base and the height of a triangle are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not fixed values. In the figure above, we could have drawn a line from ∠C 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 and perpendicular with AB. In that case, the height would be the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    perpendicular line going from ∠C to AB, and the base would be AB. To 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decide what to make the height and what to make the base, follow this rule 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of thumb: find the base and height wherever it is easiest. Generally it is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    harder to find the height—unless you can draw the height so that it is one 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the triangle sides—so approach an area problem looking for the easiest 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 way to find the height.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Sometimes you have to get really creative in finding the height of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 triangle. That is what the figure above shows. The height doesn’t have to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be a line inside the triangle. The height is the length of the line from one 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angle to its opposite side if that line is perpendicular to the opposite side. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What is the area of the above figure? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 C. 8 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 9 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 12 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    84 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

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    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    With the triangle-ometry that we have covered thus far, there is only one 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    way to pick the height and base so that you can solve this problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 You can pick one of the sides to be the height since it forms a right angle 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the side it intersects. So A 5 ~3!~4! 5 6. Therefore, the correct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer is (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Special Triangles
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The important thing about special triangles is that the GRE likes to use
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 them. When one pops up on the test, you need to be able to identify it and 2
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    then use its special properties to solve the problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The first kind of special triangle to discuss is usually pretty easy to spot. A
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    right triangle is a triangle that has one 90-degree angle in it. Visually, this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angle might be denoted by one of those box symbols in it. Recalling that all 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    three angles in a triangle always equal 180, you know that in a right 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    triangle, the other two angles always sum to 90.
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Pythagorean theorem is a special equation that only applies to right 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    triangles. Call it the “Big P,” and its equation is a 1 b 5 c , where c is the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    length of the side opposite the right angle (called the hypotenuse by the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    math establishment) and a and b are the lengths of the other two sides. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    With this equation, if you know two sides of a right triangle, you can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    always find the third. That is a basic move the test will expect you to be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 able to make. A problem won’t be that easy, but that will be one necessary 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    step for solving a problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Area of DABC Area of DDEF
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 To answer this question, you need to be able to determine the base and the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    height of each of the triangles. Can you do that? You can with the right 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    triangle, but you can’t with DDEF. Choice (D) is the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 85
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A second kind of special triangle is the isosceles triangle. It has a funny 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    name but a simple meaning: Two of the sides of the triangle are equal. A 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problem will either tell you that a triangle is isosceles and expect you to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 know what that means, or you might see a figure like this:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The lines through two of the sides of the triangle
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mean that those two sides 2
    2
    1 are equal.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now let’s think about triangles for a second. If one angle of a triangle is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    large—say 120 degrees—will the side opposite that angle be large or small 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    in comparison to the other angles? Draw out a triangle with this angle. The
    side opposite the big angle will be big in comparison to the other sides. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 converse is also true. The side opposite the small angle will be small in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    comparison to the other sides. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    With these illustrations, you can see that the size of an angle in a triangle is 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    related to the length of the side opposite that angle. Again, the converse is 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    true; the length of a side of a triangle is related to the size of the angle 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    opposite it. Now think about an isosceles triangle, where two sides are the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 same length. Since the sides are equal, the angles opposite those sides are 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    also equal. In the isosceles triangle above, ∠A 5 ∠B. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A wrinkle on the isosceles triangle is
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the right isosceles triangle. It’s 2
    nothing more than a right triangle with two sides that are equal. You know 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 one angle equals 90 degrees, and that the other two sum to 90 degrees. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Since you also know the other two angles are equal, it can be stated 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 algebraically that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 1 x 5 90 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2x 5 90 Here, x is the angle for the two equal sides. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    x 5 45
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The other two angles are 45 degrees. If the right triangle is a special 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 triangle, then the 45-45-90 triangle is a “super special” triangle because it 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is a special kind of right triangle. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    86 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

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    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    As you can see, the relationships between the sides and angles of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    45-45-90 triangle are all nailed down. The test-makers like this feature of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the triangle because they figure that if they give you enough information to 2
    1 identify a triangle as a 45-45-90 triangle, you should be able to determine 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    most everything about that triangle. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Note
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you want to know how the side ratios are determined, just use the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Pythagorean theorem on the 45-45-90.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 If a 5 c, then x 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 2 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. =3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. =5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. =6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 4 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This is a busy little diagram, but you’ll get some of those. If your test radar 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 is working, you should suspect that there is a special triangle in here 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    somewhere. Notice that b must be 90 for the angles in the top triangle to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    sum to 180 degrees, and since a 5 c, they both must be 45 because a 1 b 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    c 5 180° (it is a straight line). This means that the triangle on the right is a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    45-45-90 triangle, and since we know the length of one side we can find 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the length of all sides, including x, which is: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 (length of one side of the 45-45-90 triangle)(=2) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = = = 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    x 5 3 2 5 6 or choice (D)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 87
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The next kind of super special triangle is the 30-60-90 triangle. There is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not a special name for it, but they appear on the test with great frequency 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for the same reason that the 45-45-90 triangle does. You are expected to 2
    1 identify the 30-60-90 triangle and then use its properties to solve 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Call the smallest side length x. This will be the side opposite the 30-degree 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 = 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angle. The side opposite the 60-degree angle is x 3, and the length of the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hypotenuse is always 2x. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    The equilateral triangle, the triangle whose sides are equal, is related to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 30-60-90 triangle. An equilateral triangle is like two 30-60-90 triangles 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    back-to-back. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Since the sides of an equilateral triangle are all equal, what must the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    relationship of the angles be? Equal. This means that 3 sides 5 180.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    So, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3s 5 180 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    s 5 60 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    For every equilateral triangle, each angle is 60 degrees. The lengths of all 3
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sides in an equilateral triangle are of equal lengths. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 There are two other special right triangles that appear regularly on the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    GRE. Both are defined by the relationships of the sides. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you recognize one of these triangles in a problem, and you know two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sides of the triangle, you can simply read off the length of the third side. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    88 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If y 5 3, then x 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 21 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 0 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 C. 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When you see the 30-degree angle, you should immediately start looking 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to see if you have 30-60-90 triangle. The top triangle is a right triangle 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 since the bottom right angle is vertical with the right angle. This means the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    top triangle is a 30-60-90 triangle. So 2(x 1 y) 5 6, which means that if y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 3 then x 5 0. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Triangles: Similar and Congruent 2
    When you say that a Cheeto looks similar to an orange caterpillar, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 probably aren’t using an exact definition of similar. When mathematicians 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    use the term similar, they are being much more precise. To a mathemati- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 cian, two triangles are similar if all corresponding angles are equal and all 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    corresponding sides are proportional. Similar triangles look the same, but 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    one can be bigger than the other.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Triangle M has sides that are three times as large as triangle N, but all 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angles are equal. It doesn’t matter that triangle N is flipped around in
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    relation to M. Since the angles are equal and the sides proportional, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 two triangles are congruent. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you were to increase the size of triangle N’s sides by a factor of 3, then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you would have two triangles with equal sides and angles. This is the
    1 definition of congruent triangles.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 89
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Other Polygons 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Polygon is the fancy geometric word for shapes that have three or more
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sides. Lots of shapes are polygons like triangles, squares, pentagons, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    octagons, to name just a few. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The one general rule to remember about polygons comes in the form of a 2
    1 formula. The interior angles of an n-sided polygon sum to (n 2 2)(180). 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You can try this formula out on a triangle and get (3 2 2)(180) 5 180. This 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    restates the old “all three angles of a triangle sum to 180” rule that should 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be hammered about halfway into your skull by now. You don’t need the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (n 2 2)(180) formula to find out the sum of the interior angles of a 2
    1 triangle, but you might need it if you need to find the sum of the interior 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angles of a hexagon. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The rectangle is a polygon. It has four sides, so the sum of its interior 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    angles must be (4 2 2)(180) 5 360. There are two important properties of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rectangle: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. All interior angles are 90 degrees. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Opposite sides are parallel and equal in length.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Note that only opposite sides of a rectangle need to be equal in length. If all 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sides of a rectangle are equal, you have the figure known as a square. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Note

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The perimeter of a rectangle can be found by the formula P 5 2(l 1 w) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and its area is A 5 l 3 w. For a square, the equations are pretty basic: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    P 5 4s and A 5 s2. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    90 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

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    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In the figure above, ACDF is a rectangle, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 and ABEF and BCDE are squares.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    32 Area of ACDF 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 You have to find the area of ACDF to compare the two columns, which 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means you need to find the length and the width of the rectangle. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diagonal in the square bisects two right angles, creating your new friend the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    45-45-90 triangle. This makes =32 the hypotenuse. From this, you can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    32
    5 =16 5 4. Line segment EF 2
    1 read off the side length of the square, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 4, as does ED, AF, AB, BC, and BE. This makes the length of the rect- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angle 8 (4 1 4), while the width the rectangle is 4. Placing these values into 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    the formula for the area of a rectangle gives you 4 3 8 5 32. Choice (C) is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The parallelogram and the trapezoid are two other 4-sided polygons to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 know. A parallelogram, like a rectangle, has opposite sides that are parallel 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 and equal. Unlike a rectangle, the interior angles of parallelograms are not
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    right angles. The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal and they 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sum to 360, which makes sense if you remember that n-sided polygon 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    formula. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The area of a parallelogram is the base times the height. These values are
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    determined similarly to the way you determine the base and height of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    triangle. Pick the base, then draw a line perpendicular to it that intersects 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the side across from it. That line is the height. The one difference is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that the height of a parallelogram doesn’t have to intersect with an angle. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 As you can see, trapezoids do not have equal opposite sides or angles. In
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fact, to be a trapezoid, all you need is 4
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sides, where 2 of those sides are 2
    2
    1 parallel. In the trapezoid shown, the top and bottom sides are parallel.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 91
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What is the area of the above figure? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 20 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 28 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 32
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 34 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 40 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 If you have no idea how to do this problem, you can at least eliminate 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices (A) and (B), since you know that this trapezoid will be bigger than 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a rectangle with length 7 and width 4. That’s because you can see how this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    trapezoid is like a rectangle with length 7 and width 4 with a triangle 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    attached to it. Viewing it this way is the key to the problem. To find the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 area of a trapezoid, first draw a dotted line to turn the trapezoid into a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rectangle and a triangle. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 You can read off the third side of the triangle if you recognize that it is a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3-4-5 triangle. The area of the rectangle is 28, and the area of the triangle 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is ~3 !~4! 5 6. So the area of the trapezoid is 34, choice (D). You found
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    1 the answer, and you also saw a way in which special triangles can be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cropped and provide the key to a problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    92 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Circles 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    For many, circles evoke ideas like elegance and eternity. Sadly, elegance is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not one of standards commonly tested on the GRE. Instead, the more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mundane properties of the circle are focused on, so any musings about 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eternity must take a back seat to the definition of circumference. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    O is called the center of the circle, and all the points along the edge of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 circle are the same distance from O. That distance, r, is called the radius. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The radius is any line that goes from the center to the edge of the circle. If 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a line starts at the edge of the circle, runs through O, and continues on to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the opposite edge, it is called the diameter. By definition, every diameter is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    made up of two radii, so diameter 5 2(radius). Any line whose endpoints
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    are on the edge of the circle is called a chord, like MN. The diameter is one 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 particular chord. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you were to walk along the edge of a circle once, the distance you would 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have traveled is called the circumference. The circumference is like the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    perimeter of a polygon except that you have to be a little more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sophisticated in calculating it because the circumference isn’t composed of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    straight lines. This is the beauty of the concept of pi, often shown by the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    symbol p. Mathematicians way back when came up with this concept, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 boy, does it help. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To dispel the mystery around it, p is simply defined as the circumference of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a circle divided by its diameter: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circumference 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    p 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    diameter
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The neat thing about p is that its value remains constant regardless of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    size of the circle. The ancient mathematicians figured this value to be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3.14159 . . . and a bunch of other numbers, since pi goes on for a long, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 long time. For our purposes, just remember that it is a little bigger than 3,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about 3.14. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 93
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    From the definition of p, you can determine the formula for circumfer- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ence: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circumference 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    p5 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diameter 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 p5 →
    c
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    d 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    c
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 p 3 d 5 3 d →
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    d 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    c 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pd 5
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    p 3 diameter 5 circumference 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or c 5 pd for short. Remember that since the diameter is twice the radius, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can also state: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    c 5 pd 5 2pr 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Let’s go back to that mythical walk around the circle. If you only walked 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    partway around the circle, the distance that you walked would be called an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arc of the circle. Imagine you walked from A through B to C in the figure
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    below: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Note

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This arc would be referred to as arc ABC, since it starts at A, goes through 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B, and ends at C. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The distance you walked is part of the circumference, but what part is it? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To answer this, you must recall that there are 360 degrees in a circle. (If 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you think this is a foolish number, blame the Babylonians.) The angle of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the arc is 60 degrees, and since there are 360 degrees in a circle, the arc 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    S D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angle is one sixth of the degrees in the circle
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    60
    360
    5 .
    1
    6
    2
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    94 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The arc length will have the same relationship with the circumference as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the arc angle does with the total number of degrees in a circle. Therefore, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 arcABC 5 c. All this can be encapsulated in a formula, the arc length 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    n 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 2pr, where n is the measure of
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the arc angle. 2
    2
    1 360
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The area of a circle is pr . This means that if you know the radius (or the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diameter) of a circle, you can find the area and the circumference of that 2
    1 circle. A common test question is to give enough information to find the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    radius of a circle and ask for the area or circumference of a circle. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The area of a circle is py. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The diameter of the 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 y2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circle 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If this question is a mystery to you, you can at least reason that Column A
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will have a y in it. This means that the two columns will probably have a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    definite relationship, so (D) is out. The trick is to make Column A look like 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    something you can compare to Column B, which you can do if you figure 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    out what the diameter of the circle is:
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Area of a circle 5 pr2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    py 5 pr
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    py 4 p 5 pr2 4 p → 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y5r → 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = y5r 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If that’s the radius, then the diameter is twice that, or d 5 2=y. Compare 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this with Column B after you sort it all out: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3
    2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y2 3 2 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 y2 2 2 5 y2 5 =y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 (A) is greater.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 95
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Alert!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you didn’t know that the y had to be positive since it is a distance, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would not know which column was greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A tangent to a circle is a line that has one point in common with a circle. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The figure below is an illustration of a circle and one tangent line. Notice 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that the tangent line forms a right angle with the radius that shares a point 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with it. Tuck that fact away in your head
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    because you might need it later. 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Another word that might come up with circles or other shapes is inscribed. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 A polygon is inscribed (in-“scribed,” drawn in) in a circle if each of its 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vertices lies on the circle. A circle can also be inscribed in a polygon if each 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the polygon’s sides is tangent to the circle. Circumscribed is related to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    inscribed in an antonym-like way. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Notice that when figures are inscribed and circumscribed, they share 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    certain features. With the circle inscribed above in the square, the diameter 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the circle is also the length of one side of the square. These sort of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 overlapping features are what the GRE focuses on when there are multiple 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    figures involved in a problem. Be aware of what features figures share 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    because that often is the clue to the answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The area of the above circle is 16p. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The area of the 6l 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    rectangle
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    96 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Look at the features the two figures share. Notice that the diameter of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circle is the width of the rectangle. If you can find the diameter, you can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    compare the two columns:
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    A 5 pr
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    16p 5 pr 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    16 5 r 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    r 5 4
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If the radius is 4, then the diameter is twice that, so d 5 8. The area of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rectangle is 8l, which means that (A) is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 One last point: Concentric circles have the same center but do not have the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same radius. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1Coordinate Geometry
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The above phrase refers to geometry done on a coordinate plane. When 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    you see the following visual, you’ll either remember coordinate geometry
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or playing the game Battleship! as a child. “B . . . 4 . . . Miss!” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 A coordinate plane is just two number lines perpendicular to each other.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The one going up and down is called the y-axis, and the one going left and 2
    1 right is called the x-axis. Any point on the plane gets two coordinates, an 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 97
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x one and a y one, and they tell you where the point goes on the plane. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    notation for this looks like this (x,y), with the x-coordinate always first. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The number in the x spot tells you where along the x-axis the point goes, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and the number in the y spot tells you where along the y-axis the point 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    goes. The points (24,2) and (0,3) would
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be here: 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Say that a line was drawn between those two points. Would the slope be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    steep or flat? Looking at it, the slope would rise if you were going from left 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to right, and that is the direction that geometrists are always going on
    coordinate planes. Yet you can say more than “the slope is going up.” You 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    can give it a value since there is a mathematical definition of slope. It is the
    change in the y values over the change in the x values, also called the rise 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    over the run.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In this case, the slope is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Dy y1 2 y2 322 1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5
    Dx x1 2 x2 0 2 ~24! 4
    5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Always subtract the coordinate values of the point on the right from the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    coordinate values from the point on the left. The slope is positive 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one fourth, which means that the line goes up one in the y-direction for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    every four it goes over in the x-direction (again, if you are traveling left to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    right). A negative slope means that the line goes down from left to right 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    instead of up.
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The geometry part of coordinate geometry comes in when geometrical 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    figures are put on the coordinate plane. In one way, this makes the
    1 geometry easier because you have the coordinate plane to help do the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    geometry. In another way, though, the test will up the complexity of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    problem by expecting you to make inferences about the geometrical
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 figures based on your knowledge of coordinate geometry. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A figure is defined by these points (1,1), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 (3,1), and (1,22) on a coordinate plane.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The area of the The perimeter of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 figure the figure
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If this question mystifies you, or you are short on time, realize that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    perimeter of a figure and the area of a figure will have a definite 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    relationship, and so the answer is probably not (D). That makes guessing a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one in three chance. If you have the time to do the problem, you should 2
    1 suspect that this figure is a triangle since it is defined by three points. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Regardless of what you suspect, though, the way to attack this problem is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to quickly plot the points on a coordinate plane 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 It is a right triangle, and you can use this fact to find both the area and the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    perimeter. Let’s do the area first. The distance between (1,1) and (1,22) is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    three units, so the height is three. The distance between (1,1) and (3,1) is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two units, making it the base. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A 5 bh 2
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    2 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ !~ ! 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A 5 2 3 5 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 The perimeter is the sum of the sides. You have 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Perimeter 2 3 hypotenuse 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ 2 3
    ! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Perimeter 5 5 1 2 1 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Pythagorean theorem was used for the hypotenuse. At this point, you
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 don’t have to finish the problem since this sum is clearly greater than 3. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Therefore, choice (B) is the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 99
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Data Analysis 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    If you read USA Today on a regular basis, you’ll have experience with data
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    analysis. The “data” that you are expected to analyze usually comes in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    form of chart, graph, or table, three things that national newspapers love 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to print. It’s visual information that needs
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to be understood and then used 2
    2
    1 in some manner.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Before jumping into all the different graphs, there is one other topic often 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    placed under the Data Analysis umbrella. What are the odds you can guess 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what it is? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Probability 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you flip a coin, what is the chance that it will land on heads? Pretty much
    everyone knows the answer is “one out of two” or “fifty-fifty.” This is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    because there are two possible outcomes that are equally probable
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 (landing heads, landing tails), so the chance the coin will land on heads is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one out of two. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That’s kid stuff, but you just covered the basics of probability theory. In 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    any probability scenario, the probability of A occurring is the number of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ways A can occur divided by the total number of possible outcomes. In our 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    case, A is the coin landing on heads, and that can only happen one way. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1 2
    1 There are two possible outcomes, heads or tails, so the probability is . 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number of desired outcomes 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    probability 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    total number of possible outcomes
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Things get a little more interesting when you start talking about multiple 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    event probability, but that’s nothing you can’t handle if you followed
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 things thus far. Say you flip the coin again. What are the chances that it will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    land on heads this time? It’s still . If you thought otherwise, remember 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    that each coin toss is independent and unaffected by previous coin tosses. 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Moving up one more notch, what is the probability of tossing the coin twice 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and it landing on heads twice? It is the probability of the first event times 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the probability of the second event. Therefore,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    probability S DS D
    5
    1
    2 2
    1
    5
    1
    4
    . 2
    2
    2
    That’s the basics of multiple-event probability. The probability of multiple 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 events occurring is the product of the individual probabilities involved.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are 5 boys and 7 girls in the fifth grade class at Saddleback 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Elementary. What is the probability that if 2 students are chosen at 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    random from the class, that both students
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will be girls? 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 2
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    A. 2
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    24
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 2
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    B. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 7
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    11 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This probability problem involves two events, and you first need to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 determine the probability of each event. A girl getting picked first has a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    probability of since there are 7 girls and a total of 12 students in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 6
    class. The probability of a girl getting picked the second time is . Why? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 11 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    Because one girl has been picked already, leaving only 6 girls left in the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    class of 11 students. Multiplying the two probabilities together gives you: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12 11 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~7 3 6! 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ 12 3 11! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    1 22 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That’s choice (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 101
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Workin’ the Data 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Data or information can come to you in lots of different forms. You are
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    getting text information right now, for instance, as you read this sentence. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Earlier you might have looked at the table of contents of this book to get 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    some information about where to start reading. The GRE likes to test your 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ability to take in information and answer questions about that informa- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tion. Specifically, the GRE math section will present information or data in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the form of a line graph, a circle graph, a bar graph, a table, or some 2
    1 combination of all of these, and then expect you to answer questions about 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the information presented. You might think this sounds too easy, and in a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sense it is. All the answers will be right in front of you in a graph or table. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The hard part is that the GRE is pretty creative in coming up with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    complicated tables and charts and graphs, which makes understanding 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and using them a challenge. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Usually you will see one or two sets of graphs and tables on the GRE math 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Note
    1 section. Each set will most likely have multiple parts, like a circle graph 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    combined with a table or a diagram coupled with a bar graph. Each set 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will have 2–4 questions that refer to it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The first thing to do when you come upon a set of graphs and charts is read 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the title. It sounds simplistic, but do it. The simplest steps can make the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 great difference, so: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 1. Read the title. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Read whatever key there is. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. Read down any graph axis to see what information is being 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    presented. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 4. If there are two graphs or charts, look to see how they relate to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    each other.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Basically, spend 20 to 30 seconds getting familiar with the layout of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 everything, then proceed to the first question. This will not be a waste of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    time, as you will be able to answer each of the following questions more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    quickly. These kinds of questions try to trap you with an overload of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 information you have to wade through to get to the answer. If you don’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have a good sense of what you are wading through, you will probably get 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bogged down and frustrated. That is why getting a sense of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    information being presented is task one. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    102 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For which year was the ratio of exports to imports the greatest? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 1978 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    B. 1982
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 1984 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 1987 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 1980 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    First, determine which line is for exports and which is for imports. Once 2
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    you have that straight, you have to pull out the trusty concept of ratios. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Remember that ratios can be expressed as fractions, and here the exports 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 will be the numerator and the imports the denominator. To get a big ratio,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you are looking for years when the exports were high and the imports were 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    low. Eyeballing the graph, which years are candidates? In 1984 and 1987 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    the export-import lines are farthest apart, so these are the best candidates, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 and they are both answer choices. In 1984 the ratio was approximately 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14 15.5 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    . 3, and in 1987 the ratio was approximately , 3. Choice (C), 2
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    4 5.5 2
    1 1984, is the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Tip

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This question shows how basic concepts like ratios are used in other areas 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to make questions more difficult.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What was the greatest consecutive two-year total of exports? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 14 billion 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 18 billion 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 C. 24 billion
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 26 billion 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 E. 28 billion
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 103
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You’re looking for exports, so you’re looking at the dotted line. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    greatest consecutive two-year total will be the two consecutive years 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    whose sum is the greatest. Eyeballing the chart, the sets of years that are 2
    1 the best candidates will be the ones where the export line spikes upward. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You have two good candidates: 83–84 and 87–88. Summing each, you will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 find 83–84 is a little more than 26 billion, and 87–88 is about 76 billion.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Therefore, choice (D) is the correct answer. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 The previous example involved one line graph. Things can get a little more
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    complicated when there are multiple graphs involved. Again, take a few 2
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    seconds to get familiar with the graphs involved, and especially take note 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 of how the graphs are related.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Student Enrollment Part-Time or 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Full-Time Employed at College T: 1976–1980
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Breakdown of Student
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Majors at College T in 1979
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In what years did the percentage of part-time employed students at 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    college T increase most dramatically? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 1976–1977 2
    1 2
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    B. 1977–1978 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 1978–1979
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 1979–1980
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 E. 1977–1979
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    It might take a moment to determine whether the bar graph or the pie 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 chart will provide the answer. Since part-time students are listed on the bar 2
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    graph, that’s where you should look. Specifically, you are looking for two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    years where the striped lines had the greatest percentage increase. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 actual numbers won’t be as important—indeed, they will be wrong 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answers—as the percentages you derive from them. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1978 to 1979 is out because it is a decrease. If time was running out, you 2
    1 could eliminate this choice and take a guess. Since the question concerns 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    104 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    percentage change, take a close look at 1976 to 1977 because 1976 is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    small in comparison to the other years. 100 to 150 is a 50% increase. How 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about the other years? 1977 to 1978 have the raw numbers 150 to 250, 2
    1 which is a 66% increase (100 is 66% or two thirds of 150). 1979 to 1980 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    starts at 200 and goes to 350, which is a 75% increase (150 is 75% of 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 200). This is the biggest increase, so (D) is the correct answer.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Percentage increases are greater when the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    starting numbers are very small, 2
    2
    1 which is why a company like General Electric (GE) might improve its
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Note

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    profits by 30 billion dollars and only have a 1% increase. The fact is that 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 GE was already making so much cash, the additional amount is a small
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    percentage increase. In contrast, if a kid sets up a lemonade stand and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    makes $1 on Saturday and $3 on Sunday, his/her profits increased by 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    300% from one day to the next. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Which of the following represents the greatest number of students? 2
    1 2
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    A. Part-time employed in 1976 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. Full-time employed in 1976 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. Humanities majors in 1979
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. Engineering majors in 1979 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    E. Full-time employed in 1978
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This question involves the bar graph and the pie chart. Look down the left 2
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    1 side of the bar graph to get a sense of the numbers that the graph is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    displaying. Then, try to get the same sense with the pie chart.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now attack the answer choices. You can eliminate (A) because all the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    full-time numbers are greater than all the part-time numbers. Reading (B)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    off the bar graph gets you 300. Looking at choices (C) and (D), you can see 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that the percentage of Humanities (23%) is less than the percentage of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Engineering students, at 24%. (D) has to be greater than (C), so you don’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    even need to figure out the exact number for it. To calculate the number of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Engineering majors in 1979, you’ll need to establish the total number of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    students in that year. That number is the total height of the bars in the bar 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    graph for 1979: 700 students. For Engineering majors, you must 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    determine what is 24% of 700. It works out to a little less than 280. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Reading (E) off the bar graph, it is 750. Choice (B) is the answer. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 105
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Take It to
    the Next Level
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    Math: The Multi-Step Complicated Stuff
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The harder questions on the GRE do not require you to understand more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sophisticated math. The math concepts required to answer a 500-level
    problem and a 750-level problem are, for the most part, the same. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    difference is that the 750-level problem will challenge you to be more
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 clever, creative, and inventive in your approach. Showing you how to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “out-clever” the test will be a major focus of this chapter. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Before that starts, there are a few math concepts you are probably only 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    going to see on harder questions. These harder concepts are really just 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    extensions of what we’ve already covered in this chapter, so it’s not as if 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the easier questions are algebra and the harder ones are calculus. Basically, 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the harder questions contain the basics revved up to make problems more 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 interesting and difficult.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    If a math concept comes up that you are not familiar with, or you can’t
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    remember exactly what it is, look back to the beginning of the chapter to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    see if it is covered there. If you’ve skipped the beginning of the chapter, it’s
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not a bad idea to leaf through it anyway and make sure that all the math 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    content is fresh in your mind. Once that’s done, you can Take It to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Next Level and start honing your clever skills. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Advanced Arithmetic 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Hard arithmetic problems will use jargon to make problems more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    complex. Problems will include multiple phrases like “the sum of the first 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 three prime numbers” or “the product of two consecutive integers.” The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    way to decode such math speak is to attack it piece by piece and phrase by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    phrase. Unless you are a math wunderkind, trying to conceptualize whole 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sentences of math speak at one time is impossible. At the least, it is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    foolhardy. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Let’s decode these two phrases. The first three prime numbers are 2, 3, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    5, and their sum is 10. In the second phrase, since we don’t know what the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    106
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first integer is, let’s call it x. The product of x and the next integer is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (x)(x 1 1). None of that was too difficult, but suppose a problem reads, “If 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the sum of the first three prime numbers plus 2 equals the product of two 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 consecutive integers, what is the value of the first integer?”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    Alert!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Using algebra in the form of the variable x to help describe an arithmetic 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expression is fairly common practice. Don’t
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hesitate to draw information 2
    2
    1 from any field of math if you believe it will help you solve a problem.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you decode this jargon piece by piece, it is manageable. The sum of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first three prime numbers plus 2 is 12, and you already know what the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    product of two consecutive integers is. Therefore, you can set up the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equation: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~x!~x 1 1! 5 12 → 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    x 1 x 5 12 →
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x2
    1 x 2 12 5 12 2 12 →
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x2 1 x 2 12 5 0 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    ~x 1 4 !~ x 2 3 ! 5 0
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 24,3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 There’s a bit of everything in the above problem, and that’s not unusual
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    for hard problems. You had to use arithmetic to decipher the problem and
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    algebra to set up an equation. Then you had to do some factoring to split 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    the equation x2 1 x 2 12 5 0 in order to find the values for x. If you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 handle each step, though, the answer falls into your lap. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a c e 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 1 . . .
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    b d f 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    is a sum in which all the variables are
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    positive consecutive integers greater than 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that increase in alphabetical order.
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The third term in a 2 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the sum 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    a 2 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    First, you must decode. Positive consecutive integers are things like 4, 5, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 6, and these increase in alphabetical order, which means that b 5 a 1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 107
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and c 5 b 1 1. Notice that since b 5 a 1 1, then c 5 (a 1 1) 1 1 5 a 1 2. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This means that the sum can be rewritten 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a a12 a14 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 1 .... 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a11 a13 a15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 This makes the third term a 1 4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    . That’s Column A, so far. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Compare this to the fraction in Column B. The smallest value that a can
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have is 2, so it will be interesting to start with this number and see what 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you get. Column A becomes , while
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Column B is 2
    2
    1 7
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a 2 2 2 2 2 0 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 5 0. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a 2 1 2 2 1 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A is greater is this instance, but to play it safe, it helps to try 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    another number. A small number was used the first time, so a large number 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 14 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can be plugged in this time for variety. Making a 5 10, you get in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 15 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A and in Column B. Column A is again greater, and placing an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    even larger number will probably not make a difference. The correct
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer is (A). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Ratios are another arithmetic topic that can be made interesting. Suppose 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you are told the ratio of a to b is 4:7 and the ratio of b to c is 8:7. You are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 then asked, “What is the ratio of a to c?” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The easiest way to approach such a problem is to make the common 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    element in both ratios, b, the same so that you can directly compare a and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    c. To do that, find a common multiple of 7 and 8, preferably the least 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 common multiple. 56 works, since it’s 7 3 8. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    First ratio: a to b 5 4:7. Multiplied by 8, this becomes
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a to b 5 32:56
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 Second ratio: b to c 5 8:7. Multiplied by 7, this becomes
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    b to c 5 56:49 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For both ratios, b is now 56. This allows you write to both ratios as a
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    single long ratio:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a to b to c 5 32:56:49 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You can now see that a : c 5 32 : 49. If these numbers in the ratio had any 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 common multiples, then the ratio should be simplified.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    108 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    X-Ref
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Finding a common element for these ratios is similar to the practice of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 finding a common denominator before adding and subtracting fractions.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    See page 54 of this chapter. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    If m and n are integers and (m 1 n) is even, then which of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 following must be true?
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    I. Both integers are even. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 II. Both integers are odd.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    III. One integer is even and one integer is odd. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. I only
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Take It to the Next Level


    B. II only
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. III only 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. I and II only
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. I and III only 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To attack this one, you have to work through each option to see if it must
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be true. Using FOIL, you know that if (m 1 n)2 is even, then m2 1 mn 1 n2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is also even. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    I. must be true because m 1 2mn 1 n even 1 even 1 even 5 even.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That eliminates choices (B) and (C). If you’re pressed for time, you 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    could guess now with one in three odds of guessing right. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    II. can be written as: m 1 2mn 1 n → odd 1 even 1 odd 5 even 1 2
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    even 5 even. This does work, so (B) is out. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    III. can be written as: (m 1 2mn 1 n → even 1 even 1 odd 5 even 1 2
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    odd 5 odd. This doesn’t work, so (D) is the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    This approach uses basic facts about how even and odd numbers
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interact when multiplied and added together. If this approach is too 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abstract for you, just pick two numbers for m and n according to each 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    scenario and work the problem through using those numbers. If you
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    don’t make a careless math error, you should get the same answer, (D). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Harder Algebra 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are three primary ways the GRE will increase the difficulty on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 algebra problems. The first relies on shock value. On this track, you are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    presented with one or more monstrous-looking algebraic expressions that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are supposed to shock you into some form of problem-solving paralysis. If 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you overcome this initial shock, keep in mind that almost every ugly 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 109
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    algebraic expression will have a way to simplify it quickly. These problems 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are designed to shock, but they almost always can be simplified quickly. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 If you see an expression like , you should immediately 2
    2
    4x 1 14x 1 6
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4x 1 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    think, “There must be a quick way to simplify it.” With algebra in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 fractions, always be on the lookout for canceling terms that are in both the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    numerator and the denominator. Since the denominator is simpler, start 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    there: 4x 1 2 5 2(2x 1 1). Now look for a (2x 1 1) in the numerator. Seek 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and ye shall find: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    4x 1 14x 1 6 5 2~2x 1 7x 1 3!
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2~2x 1 1!~ x 1 3 ! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Therefore, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4x 1 14x 1 6 2(2x 1 1)(x 1 3) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 x 1 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    4x 1 2 2(2x 1 1)
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That whole mess boils down to a simple x 1 3. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For an idea about where to start simplifying, think of these guidelines:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. Look at the numerator and denominator and start with which- 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ever one looks simpler. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2. Once you factor the simpler term, look for those factors in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    harder term. They should be there in some form or another.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 3. Cancel out any similar terms you can, and enjoy your new 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    simplified equation. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Expecting cleverness is the second way that the GRE will try to make 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    algebra difficult. A problem will expect you to make a clever algebra 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    maneuver to finish the problem. You are especially liable to see this on 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 QCs. The following problem illustrates this idea.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    a and b are positive constants
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 0 , x , y. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    1 x (x1y) 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a ab 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    b
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    110 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    First simplify Column A. To do this, you have to divide each fraction 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    before multiplying. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    a b
    b y
    S D S D
    x b
    y
    3
    y y
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 5 4
    b
    4
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a b
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y b 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 S D S D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5
    x
    3
    a b
    y
    3
    y
    3
    b
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    b y
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    xy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 5
    ab
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    As you can see, the second term cancels itself out, leaving only the single 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    xy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    fraction . Column B can be rewritten as:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ab 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ x 1 y! 2
    x2
    1 2xy 1 y2
    2
    1 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ab ab 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You can disregard the denominators since they are the same in each
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    column. Comparing the numerators, you can see a 2xy in Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (among other values) compared to a single xy in Column A. Since the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    statement says that both integers are positive, it is clear that (B) is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 It didn’t take earthshaking genius to solve the last problem. Instead, all 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you needed was confidence that the two columns could be readily 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    compared and the ability to jump in and start performing mathematical 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    operations to help compare the two. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Embedding algebra in a coordinate plane is the third way that the GRE 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will make algebra more challenging. You might encounter a polygon 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    whose side lengths are given in terms of algebraic expressions, as opposed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 to simply numbers or constants. The key to solving such problems is to not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be unnerved by the combination of geometry and algebra. Normally you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will need to start with the geometry and see what you can infer from it, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    then examine the algebra.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 111
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you are given this figure and then asked to solve for x, start with the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    geometry. You have a right triangle, since the angle at the origin (0, 0) is 90 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    degrees. The side along the y-axis is length 3, and the side along the x-axis 2
    1 is length 4. This means you have an old friend, the 3:4:5 right triangle, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    guest starring in a coordinate grid problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Now turn to the algebra. The diagram contains an expression, 3x 1 y, for 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the hypotenuse, but you know that the length is 5 since it’s a 3: 4: 5 right 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 triangle. This gives you the equation 3x 1 y 5 5. From the side of length 3,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can get x 1 y 5 3. Once you have two equations (x 1 y 5 3 and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3x y 5) and two variables, you can subtract the former equation from 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 5
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the latter and eliminate y. 2x 5 2 → x 5 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    No one single step in this problem was difficult, but the problem was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    involved since it was a messy pile of heaped-together geometry and algebra 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    concepts. If you deal with them separately, and take each in its turn, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problem becomes quite manageable. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 A symbol that might come up in an algebra problem is the “!”. In English 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    grammar, this is that excited bastion of punctuation, the exclamation 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    point. In math, however, the “!” is the symbol for factorials. With a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    factorial, you take the initial number (say 5!) and multiply it by all integers
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    between 5 and 1. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sample factorials: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5! 5 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1 5 120
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 3! 5 3 3 2 3 1 5 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    x! 5 x 3 (x 2 1) 3 (x 2 2) 3 . . . (It goes on until the last term is 1.) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Note

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 You can only take the factorial of an integer greater than 1.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 x! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If x is two greater than y, how can you simplify ? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 y! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 A. y 3
    1 3y 2
    1 2y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B.
    2
    1 x 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. y 1 3xy 1 2xy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. (y 1 2)(y 1 1)
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. (y 2 2)(y 2 1) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    112 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Since x 5 y 1 2, then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x! ~y 1 2!! ~y 1 2!~y 1 1!~y!! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 ~y 1 2!~y 1 1!.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 y!
    5
    y!
    5
    y!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Factorials problems are pretty simple once you get over the freak-out 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    element of seeing an exclamation point. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1Word Problems
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word problems are common two-tier questions that prompt you to first 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 translate English into algebra and then solve the algebra. The simplest way
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to make a word problem harder is to make the translation from English to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    algebra more difficult. The actual algebra that you will have to do on a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    500-level word problem and 700-level word problem is going to be similar, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    but getting to the algebra becomes more of a challenge. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Here’s a classic word problem set-up: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    How many liters of a solution that is 15 percent water by volume have 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to be added to 3 liters of a solution that is 30 percent water by volume 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to create a solution that is 20 percent water by volume? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    All that was a quite a tangle. To untangle it, there is a basic form to follow
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for mixture problems. It’s called the balance method since you are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 balancing the left and right side of the equation. On the left side, put the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    original solution: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Number of original liters (original% 2 final%) 5 3(30 2 20) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    And on the right side put the new solution, 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    n(final% 2 added%) 5 n(20 2 15) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 where n is the number of liters of the 15% solution. Now just solve for n: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3~30 2 20! 5 n~20 2 15! → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    90 2 60 5 n~5! → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    30 5 5n 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    30 4 5 5 5n 4 5 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 6 5 n
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Take your time to muck through the English of a word problem and you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 will end up with a perfectly solvable algebraic equation.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 113
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Advanced Statistics 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    There are some interesting ways to manipulate statistical notions like
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    average or median. Harder questions on the GRE math section will expect 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you to know the basic set of statistic notions—covered on pages 76–78 in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this chapter—and how to use them creatively to problem solve. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 For example, you commonly employ the concept of mean to find the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    average of a set of numbers, but suppose you were asked for the sum of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the set of numbers instead? If 18 is the average of a set of numbers that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    has 10 members, then can you find the sum of the set of numbers? To do 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this, you have to multiply the mean average
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    by the number of terms, 2
    2
    1 18 3 10 5 180.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That’s simple enough, but it gets trickier. Suppose you are asked, “What is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the sum of the integers 20 to 50 inclusive?” Actually adding all the terms 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    up can’t be the best way to solve this problem because that would take all
    day. You could do it, but there has to be a simpler way. The shortcut 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 method here is that the sum of consecutive numbers is equal to the average 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the numbers times the number of terms: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sum 5 (average) 3 (number of terms) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In our problem, the average is 35 (halfway between 20 and 50), so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sum 5 (35) 3 (31) 5 1,085 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The notion of weighted averages can make finding the average of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number set a little more interesting. A weighted average is when certain 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    terms in a set are counted more (weighted more) than other terms in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the set.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In a certain class, the average boys’ score is 50 and the average girls’ 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    score is 47. If there are twice as many girls in the class as boys, 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    what is the class average?
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 49.5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 49 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 48.5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 48
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 47.5
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are not equal amounts of girls and boys, so you have to weight their 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    averages to get to the overall average. Since there are twice as many girls as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 boys, there are twice as many terms that go into the 47 average. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    114 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    simplest way is to assume a three-person class where there is one boy and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two girls. The boy scored a 47 and the girls scored 50s, so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 3 50 1 2 3 47 144 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    average 5 5 5 48 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 The denominator is 3 because there are three terms in this number set (50,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    47, and 47) to reflect the mythical three people in the classroom. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Another variation on the average is when you start with a number set, add
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or subtract a term, and then must find the new average. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Column A Column B
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The mean average of 4 numbers is 26.
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    One number is taken from the set,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Take It to the Next Level


    and the new mean is 23.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The number taken The largest number 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 from the set left in the set 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Start with Column A unless you see something that makes you feel 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column B is simple. For Column A, the number taken must be the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    difference between the sums of the two sets:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (original sum) 2 (new sum)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (26 3 4) 2 (23 3 3) 5 2 15 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For Column A, you know that 215 was taken from the number set. Think 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 about how this number is much lower than the average after it left and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    before it left. 215 was obviously one of the lower numbers in the set, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the higher numbers brought the average up to 26 and then up to 23. It
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    makes sense that Column B definitely contains a number larger than 215, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    so choice (B) is the correct answer for this average problem. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Compound interest problems involve a loaded math concept. Simple 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interest is when the interest applies only to the principal over a given 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    period. If a $10,000 account has a 5 percent simple interest rate 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    compounded annually, then after six months the interest will be: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    principal 3 rate 3 time 5 10,000 3 0.05 3 0.5
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 5 5,000 3 0.05
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 250 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 The first number is the cash, the second value is the percent interest 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expressed in decimal form as 0.05, and the 0.5 at the end shows that you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are halfway (six months) through the annual interest period. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Things get a little more complicated with compounding interest. Under 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this format, the interest rate is applied to the principal and to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 115
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accumulated interest. There is a complicated formula for compound 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interest, but you can do without it. If you come across a compound interest 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problem, simply calculate the simple interest for the scenario, and the 2
    1 compound interest will be a little more than this. There is typically a small 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    difference between the two because the interest accrued on the interest will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 be small.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Alert!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Supposedly, many savings accounts at banks work on the concept of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    compound interest, but like many Americans, the author has never 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    experienced this fact firsthand. The author
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is, however, well aware of the 2
    2
    1 interest formulas used by credit card companies.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Geometry
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To double the geometric fun (and the difficulty), harder geometry 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems will include multiple geometric shapes. A square might be 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 inscribed in a circle. A triangle might be located inside a trapezoid. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Regardless of the particulars, the idea behind increasing the difficulty is the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same. Things look cluttered when there are multiple figures, and that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    clutter can distract you from problem-solving tasks. You combat the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    clutter by: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1. First determining exactly what you are trying to find
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Considering each of the figures separately 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. Trying to find the relationships between the figures that will help 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    solve the problem 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    All three steps are important, but the third step is the one that holds the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    key to most of these questions. To try out this methodology, consider a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 square inscribed in a circle like the following: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Your goal is to find the radius of the circle, but all you have been given is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the area of the square. First, locate the radius of the circle. If you think 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about it, you can see that the diagonal of the square is also the diameter of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 the circle, and the radius is always half a circle’s diameter. So half of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diagonal of the square will equal the radius. Second, you can use the area 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    formula of a square to figure out the length of the sides. If area is 9, then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the sides are all length 3. 2
    2
    116 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now imagine the diagonal. If you draw it out, you would see yourself 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    making two 45-45-90 right triangles out of the square. Finding the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hypotenuse of one these triangles is equal to finding the square’s diagonal, 2
    1 and that is equal to the circle’s diameter. Follow all the steps (try it on your 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 3=2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    own), and you should end up with a radius
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 of . 2
    2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To help you recognize the relationship that two or more figures share, ask 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 yourself questions like, “Do they share a side, or an angle?” or “What is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the relationship between their areas?” Once you have picked out the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    relationship that links the two figures together,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the actual geometry is often 2
    2
    1 no harder than what is covered in the first section.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The difference of the areas of trapezoid
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 ABDH and trapezoid FECJ is 15. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The area of the The area of the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dotted region striped region 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Locate the two trapezoids. How are they geometrically related? Both share 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the striped region and they have the same height, 5. Now you can try to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    compare the striped region and the dotted region. Can you determine the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 area of the dotted region? Yes, since both are rectangles with length and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    width readily obvious. However, you cannot determine the area of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    striped region, since there’s no way to figure out its width. The difference 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in areas of the trapezoids does not help us, for when the areas of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    trapezoid are subtracted, the area of the striped region in each just cancels 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    out. Those triangles on both ends of the figure hold an unknown amount 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of area for both trapezoids, making any attempt to subtract one 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    trapezoid’s area from the other impossible. Therefore, (D) is the correct 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 117
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Coordinate Geometry 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Reach back into your past and dust off the equation y 5 mx 1 b. This
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    formula can be used to describe a straight line in a coordinate plane. The y 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and the x variables stand the value of y and x, respectively, of any point on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a particular line. m is the slope of the line and b is the y-intercept (where 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the line crosses the y-axis). The beauty of this equation is that if you are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    given some of the parts—such as the slope and one point on the line—there 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is a way to figure out all the other parts of the equation.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To be able to use this formula and just read off the slope or the y-intercept, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the equation has to be in the y 5 mx 1 b form, with y by itself on one side, 2
    1 and the x on the other side summed with b. If you are given a linear 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equation of a line in the form 2y 1 5x 5 b, you would have to do some 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    manipulating:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2y 1 5x 5 23 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2y 1 5x 2 5x 5 23 2 5x →
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2y 3 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 25x 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ 2y ! 4 2 5 ~ 25x 2 3 ! 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y52 x2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    halves, S D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The slope is negative five 2
    5
    2
    , and the y-intercept is negative 2
    2
    2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    three halves, S D
    2
    3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 .
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The slope equation works for a line—but nothing else. You won’t see 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    many things graphed besides lines on the GRE, but you might see a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    quadratic equation (an equation that has a squared term like y 5 x ). To
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    make things more confusing, the y may be exchanged for an f(x) so it looks 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 like this: f(x) 5 x2. Then the whole thing is renamed a function. It is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    simplest to just think of the f(x) as a more complicated way to write y. As 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you might imagine, the graph of this quadratic is not as simple as the graph 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of a line, but it has a basic form that simplifies it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    118 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Each of these graphs shares a basic shape called a parabola. Examine the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    different graphs and you should see the logic of how they are graphed. For 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    example, a negative squared term like f(x) 2
    1 creates an upside- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    5 2x 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    down hump. If there is an integer after the squared value, then this number
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    is the value of y where the crest of the hump occurs. You could see this with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    f(x) 5 2x2 1 1 with a crest at 1 and f(x) 5 x2 2 2 with a crest at y 5 22. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The last coordinate geometry concept to cover is the distance formula. It 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    allows you to find the distance between two points on the coordinate plane 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    using the following formula: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = ~ ! 2
    ~ ! 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    d 5 x1 2 x2 1 y1 2 y2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you know two points, just plug in the x values and the y values into the
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equation and then solve for the distance. It’s that simple. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Note

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 If the distance formula reminds you of the Pythagorean theorem, you’re
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quite observant, because the distance formula is based on it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 119
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If A(2, 24) and B(3, 6) are two points on a rectangular coordinate 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    system, what is the distance between A and B? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 10 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. = 101
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 11 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Hauling out the distance formula:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    d 5 =~x1 2 x2! 1 ~y1 2 y2! 5 =~2 2 3! 1 ~24 2 6!
    2 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 =1 1 100 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    = 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 101
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This is choice (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    That might look like a big number, but it actually is just a little bit bigger 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 than 10. If you visualize where the two points are, this answer makes 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sense. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3-D Figures 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Another way to up the geometry ante is by upping the number of 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dimensions from two to three. The 3-D figures that you will come across 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 on the GRE are all built upon the figures that were covered in the first 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    section (rectangles, squares, circles, triangles). The 2-D figures are given 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    height, so instead of dealing just with a square
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you now get a cube, a 3-D 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    figure composed of six squares. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you need a refresher on the 2-D geometry, buzz through the geometry 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    section earlier in this chapter. If not, go ahead and dive into the 3-D 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 geometry. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    120 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The above figure is a rectangular solid. What is the shortest distance 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from A to F?
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. =18
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. =20
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. =28 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. =34 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The shortest distance between two points is a line, so the question is asking
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 you to find the distance of the line AF. If you want a hint about how to find
    2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it, think triangles. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 Notice that AF is the hypotenuse of DACF, which is a right triangle. If you
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    find AC, you can use it along with CF in the Pythagorean theorem to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    find AF.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Look at the top surface of the figure. You should see a square with sides of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    length 3, and the diagonal is the hypotenuse of a 45-45-90 right triangle, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 121
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just like it was earlier in this chapter. This makes AC 5 3=2, since it is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the hypotenuse of a 45-45-90 triangle with smaller sides of length 3.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Put that value into the next Pythagorean theorem as follows: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ AF ! 2
    ~ AC ! 2
    ~ CF! 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~AF! 5 ~3=2! 1 16 5 18 1 16 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ ! 2 2
    AF 5 34
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    AF 5 =34 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If a sphere has a radius of r, what is the greatest distance along the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 surface of the sphere that two points could be from each other? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 2r 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. pr 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    C. 2pr
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. pr
    2
    1 3
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. pr 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Sometimes coming up with a real-life situation will help you understand an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abstract geometrical one. For our purposes, think of the earth as a sphere. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In real terms, the questions is asking, “If
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 you are at the North Pole, what 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    122 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    point on the earth is farthest from you if you had to travel along the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    earth’s surface?” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Alert!12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Technically, the earth is an oblate spheroid,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not a sphere. Thankfully, 2
    2
    1 oblate spheroids are NOT on the GRE.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Viewed in this way, the answer, “the South Pole,” should be obvious. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 same is true for the abstract sphere question. To determine that distance,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    imagine drawing a circle on the surface of the sphere that runs through its 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    North and South Pole. You can see then that those two points are a half 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circumference of that circle from each other. The radius of that circle is r, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    the same as the radius of the sphere. This makes the circumference 2pr, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and half of that is pr. That’s choice (B).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Data Analysis
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Measures of Central Location and Dispersion (or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    How Close and Far Apart Stuff Is)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Mean, median, and mode were covered earlier in this chapter. These are
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 notions from statistics that give different ways to measure the central 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    location of a number set. Basically, they are different ways to say where the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 middle of a bunch of numbers is.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The dispersion of a number set is the opposite of the “middleness” or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “clusteredness” of a number set. The range is one measure of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dispersion since it tells you how far apart the extremes are. Standard
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 deviation is another measure of dispersion. It measures on average how 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    much numbers of a set differ from the middle of that set (basically how 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    spread out the numbers are). There is an involved way to calculate the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    standard deviation, but you don’t need to bother with that. Standard 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 deviation, though, might appear on a question, and so you will need to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    grasp the concept. To that end, consider the following problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Standard Deviation Standard Deviation
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 of this number set of this number set
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 [5, 10, 2, 4] [1, 14, 3, 22] 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You don’t need to actually calculate the two standard deviations to answer 2
    1 this question. Estimate the mean of the number set in Column A. It’s 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 123
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    probably around 4 or 5, and the numbers in the set deviate from this by, at 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    most, 6. So, the standard deviation will be something less than 6. Now 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    estimate the mean for Column B. It’s probably around 11, and the number 2
    1 set deviates from this by 10 or more. The standard deviation is going to be 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    greater in Column B. The answer will be Column B, in part because the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 numbers in Column B are more spread out than the numbers in Column A.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Standard deviation is not the only way to make these statistics concepts 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 interesting. The test-writers can craft difficult problems with median,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mode, range, and average. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Column A Column B
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A number set is composed of five non- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    negative integers, and its average is 20. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The greatest The sum of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    possible range of number set
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the number set 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Start with Column B. The sum of the number set is the average times the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number of elements: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sum 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 average → sum 5 5 3 20 5 100 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Column B is 100. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    As for Column A, the greatest possible range will maximize the highest 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    element and minimize the lowest element. The set is composed of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    non-negative integers, so the smallest element possible is 0. There is no 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mention that the elements are distinct, so four of the elements could be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    zero. In that case, the fifth element would have to be 100 for the sum to be 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    100. 100 is actually the greatest that a number in the set could be, since the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 sum cannot exceed 100 and there are no negative numbers to add. So the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    greatest possible range is 100 2 0 5 100. Column A and B are equal, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    making (C) the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Counting Stuff 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 There are a few different kinds of word problems on the GRE that involve 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    counting possible outcomes or permutations of a set of items. Each has a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    different kind of way to solve them, so we’ll review them one by one. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Different Ways to Count Stuff
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. If one task has n possible outcomes and a second one has m possible 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    outcomes, then the joint occurrence of the two tasks has n 3 m possible
    2
    124 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    outcomes. That postulate was a bit vague, so consider an example. If 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    between Town A and Town B there are four roads, and between Town B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and Town C there are five roads, how many different routes are there from 2
    1 Town A to Town C that travel through Town B? One way to attack this 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problem is to sketch out the scenario and start counting up the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 possibilities. The other way is to use our nifty little formula, n 3 m 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 3 5 5 20. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 2. Permutation problems prompt you to determine how many different
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    permutations, or outcomes, are possible. A permutation word problem 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    might ask, “If there are six car spots at the Destin Apartments and six 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 different cars owned by the renters, how many different arrangements of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cars are possible in the parking lot?” You solve this problem by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    multiplying the number of possibilities for the first spot (6 cars can park 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Take It to the Next Level


    there) times the number of remaining possibilities for the second spot (5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cars can if the first spot is filled) times the number of remaining 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    possibilities for the third spot (4) and so on. In other words, 6 3 5 3 4 3 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 3 3 2 3 1. This is the same thing as 6!, our good friend the factorial. In 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    general, when you come across a permutation problem like this one, you 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can use this factorial shortcut rather than going through all the logic. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    basic formula is n!; the number of ways that n different objects can be
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ordered is n!. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. The last kind of counting problem involves determining the number of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 different ways that sets of items can be selected from a larger set of items. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A good example of this is selecting committees of three people from a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    group of five people. How many different ways can this be done? You 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    could try to work out the possibilities with a systematic use of logic, or you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 could use the handy-dandy formula that has all the logic packed into it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    n! 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    , where n is the size of the larger set, and r is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The formula is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ n 2 r! !r! 2
    1 size of the groups 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    being selected. In our example, the formula would be
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    applied like this: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5! 5 3 4 3 3! 20 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 5 10 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ 5 2 3! !3! 2!3! 2!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Probability 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The basics of single and multi-event probability were covered in the first 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    section. Yet there are some multi-event probability scenarios that go
    1 beyond the basic. If two events are independent, then the probability of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    both events occurring is the product of the two individual probabilities. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now suppose you know the probabilities of event A and event B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 125
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    individually and want to find the probabilities of either A or B occurring 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (as opposed to the probability of A and B occurring). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A fundamental rule of probability is: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    P(A or B) 5 P(A) 1 P(B) 2 P(A)P(B) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Suppose there is a one-in-two chance of event A occurring and a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two-in-five chance for event B. Expressed in decimal terms, this makes the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    SD1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 probability of A 5 0.5
    2
    and probability of B 5 0.4
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    SD 2
    5
    . Putting these 2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    values into the formula gets you: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    P ~A or B! 5 P~A! 1 P~B! 2 P~A!P~B! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    P ~A or B! 5 0.5 1 0.4 2 ~0.5!~0.4! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    P ~A or B! 5 0.9 2 0.2 5 0.7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    0.7 translates to a seven-in-ten chance, showing that the probability of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 A or B occurring is larger than the probability of either single event 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    occurring. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A bag of marbles contains 12 red marbles, 8 blue marbles, and 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    green marbles. What is the probability that a green and then a blue
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    marble will be chosen in two attempts? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 A. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    15
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    10 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    1 C. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12 2
    1 D. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    25
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    13 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Determine the probability of each event individually. The probability of
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the first event is: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12 1 8 1 5 25 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The numerator, 5, is the number of green marbles divided by the total 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 number of marbles. For the second probability, you must remember to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    take the first transaction into account. This means there are only 24 total 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    marbles and 4 green marbles. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    126 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This makes the blue marble equation: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8 8 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 12 1 8 1 4 24 3
    5 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The probability of both occurring is the product of the individual 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    probabilities: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 5
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 3 5 15
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The correct answer is (A). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Given the same scenario, what would the probability of picking a green 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    marble first or a blue marble second?
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    P ~A or B! 5 P~A! 1 P~B! 2 P~A!P~B! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Note

    1 1 1
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 1 2
    5 3 15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    15 15
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 . 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are 24 students in a class. Half are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    male and half are female. At random, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 students are chosen successively 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from the class. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    The probability of a The probability of a
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    boy, then a girl, girl, then a boy, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    then a girl, then a girl
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    being chosen being chosen 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    These are both and situations, not or situations. The probability of either 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first event is 0.5 since the class is evenly split. The second event in both 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    columns then switches genders, so again the probability would be the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12
    2
    1 same, . For the third event, in both columns a girl and a boy have
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    23
    1 already been chosen, so the probability of picking a male or female is again
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the same. So the third events also have the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same probability. The products 2
    2
    1 of equal factors are equal, so (C) is the correct answer.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 127
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Get Graphical with the Data 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    You will see one or two sets of graphs and charts on the GRE math section.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Each set will have 2 to 4 questions, so understanding and interpreting the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    graph sets are important. As was said in the first section, there is good 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    news and bad news for this. The good news is that the answers for the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    graph set questions are always right in front of you. The bad news is that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the GRE can come up with some pretty complex graph sets that make 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    finding the answers a challenge. The way to combat this “complexifying” 2
    1 is to spend 10 to 20 seconds familiarizing yourself with a graph set when it 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    comes up. Scroll all the way down so that you see all the pertinent 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    information. Look at any key. Read the titles of everything. Inspect graph 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    axes so that you know with what units the information is being presented. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Basically, get comfortable with the graph sets. This way, when you start on 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the questions you will be ready to hone in on whatever information a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    question asks for.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 There are two ways that the GRE increases the difficulty of these kinds of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems. The first is to give you wackier or more unconventional graph 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sets. Instead of getting just a line graph and a bar graph, you might get a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    line graph that has a right and left axis with different figures graphed, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    also a vertical pie chart. The second way the test-makers increase the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    difficulty is by increasing the number of steps needed to find the answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Instead of just having to read the answer off a bar graph, you might have 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 to take information from both graphs and then do a little math. Although 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    these multi-stage problems take time, graph set questions will not involve 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 more than two or three steps. The GRE tests your ability to quickly and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    correctly interpret graph sets, not your ability to do sophisticated analysis 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the information presented. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    128 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    165
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What percentage of the European Travelers surveyed did NOT 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    travel to Africa?
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 34% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 43% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 57% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 63% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 70% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This question only involves the Venn diagram, so focus on it. You will find 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 that the total number of European travelers is 250 (165 African travelers 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 155 Asian travelers). You will note that by looking closely at the Venn 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diagram that there is a shaded region shared by both Africa and Asia 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    (represented by 70).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You’ll calculate the travelers represented in the non-shaded portion of the
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Venn diagram by subtracting 70 from both sides. So, for Africa 165 2 70 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 95 travelers. And Asia, 155 2 70 5 85 travelers. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Remember our total amount of European travelers is 250. Therefore, for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    95 85 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Africa (or approximately 38 percent) and for Asia (or approxi- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    250 250 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mately 34 percent). The question only asks for
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the percentage that did 2
    2
    1 NOT travel to Africa, so the correct answer is (A), 34 percent.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 129
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    How many of the European travelers surveyed are over 50 and have 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    traveled to Asia? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 28 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 38 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 42
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 50 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 54 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 This question involves both figures. The Venn diagram indicates there are 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    155 travelers to Asia, so the percentages in the bar graph are percentages 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of 155. Find the 51–100 category and read the value of the lightly-shaded 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    column. It is about midway between 25% and 30%, so estimate it at 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    27.5%. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Ten percent of 155 is 15.5, and so 20% is 31. Five percent of 155 is 7.75. 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If we add the 20% number to the 5% number, we should get (31 1 7.75 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    38.75). If 25% of 155 is 38.75, then 27.5% must be a little higher than
    2
    1 this. Choice (C) is in the right neighborhood.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    130 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You might also see a less conventional graph set than the previous one. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    test likes to see if you can think on your feet by presenting information in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a format that you might not be expecting. Don’t be surprised if you see 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 something wacky like the following on test day.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    How many miles is the section of Rt. 2 that runs through the city 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    limits of Douglass? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. =6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. =8 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 D. 3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. = 12 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Rt. 2 in the city limits works out to be the hypotenuse of two different right 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 triangles. You can determine the length of the section of Rt. 2 with either 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    triangle, so pick one and go with it. Both of the other sides of the triangles 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    are 2 miles, so both triangles are 45-45-90 triangles. The length of the
    1 hypotenuse can simply be read off, 2=2, which is equal to choice (C).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 131
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What approximate percentage of Douglass County is within the city 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    limits of Douglass? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. 20% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. 33% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. 42%
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. 50% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. 66% 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The areas of the county and the city have to be determined to find this 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    percentage. This is greatly simplified by the fact that both areas are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rectangles, which you can infer from the note that all the lines are parallel 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and at right angles in the diagram. Examining the right length of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diagram, the length of the diagram is 6 (4 miles 12 miles). The width is 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (read off from the bottom width as 0.5 12 1 0.5). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This makes the area of the county 3 3 6 5 18. The length of the city is 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and the width is 2, so the city‘s area is 6. The ratio of city area to county
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    area then is 5 ' 0.33. The correct answer is (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    You can drop the units since all the units are the same and will cancel each 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Tip
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    other out.
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    1
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    If you are 2 miles due southeast of the intersection of Rt. 7 and 2
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    Rt. 4, where are you?
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    A. In the city 2
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    B. Outside the city but in the county
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    C. Outside the county 2
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    D. Along Rt. 10 2
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    1 E. Along Rt. 2 2
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    First find the intersection of Rt. 7 and Rt. 4. It is on the left side. According 2
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    to the compass rose, Rt. 4 runs north-south and Rt. 7 runs east-west. 2
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    Southeast then would be halfway between heading east on Rt. 7 and south 2
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    on Rt. 4. If there were a line defining this direction, it would form a 2
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    45-degree angle with Rt. 7 and with Rt. 4. If that line is long enough, it will
    1 form two 45-45-90 triangles like you saw that Rt. 2 did two questions 2
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    back. However, in that instance you found that the length of Rt. 2 in the 2
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    city was 2= 2 miles, which is greater than 2 miles. So 2 miles southeast of 2
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    1 the intersection is not outside of the box defined by the city limits south of 2
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    Rt. 7. So you would be inside the city, choice (A). 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    132 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 4: Quantitative Review

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    A 112345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Final Word
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    The Next Level section of this chapter covers many of the favorite ways to
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    make a GRE problem hard, but not all of them. Invariably, if you are doing 2
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    really well on the GRE Math section, you will encounter something that at 2
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    first glance looks impossibly complex. Ask yourself, “How did the 2
    1 test-makers make this problem hard?” Is it a multi-step problem involving 2
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    a host of equations? If so, the goal is often to find terms that cancel each 2
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    other out. Does the question have a bunch
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901of interconnected figures? If so, 2
    2
    1
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    the key is usually to figure out facts about individual figures and then use 2
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    this knowledge to gain information about other figures. With an 2
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    aggressive attitude and a willingness to get creative and keep working, 2
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    many of the hardest GRE problems will be yours for the taking. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


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    1
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    Chapter

    5
    Verbal Review
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    The Perfect Charm for Those Shooting to 2
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    1
    Score above a 500 2
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    When people talk about standardized tests, they often fall into one of two 2
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    1 camps. The first group believes that the tests are a reasonably accurate 2
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    indication of a person’s “intelligence.” It stands to reason, then, that 2
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    someone who scores well on a standardized test must be “smart.” The
    second camp does not hold standardized tests in such a high esteem light. 2
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    To people in the second camp, the only thing a standardized test measures
    is how well someone does on that particular standardized test. To them, 2
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    standardized tests are too arbitrary and narrowly focused to be any kind of
    2
    1 accurate indicator of intelligence.
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    By the time you are finished reading through this section (and this book), 2
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    many of you in the first camp will have migrated to the second camp. This 2
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    is because many of you will no longer think of the GRE Verbal section as a 2
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    comprehensive, multiple-choice exam that uses a variety of question 2
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    formats to accurately gauge a person’s level of English mastery. In place of 2
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    this idea, many of you will view the test in a much different way. 2
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    The GRE Verbal Section Is a Vocabulary Quiz 2
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    Gone Wild
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    For the Verbal section, you get 30 minutes to answer 30 questions that 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 come in four different types: 2
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    2
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    1. Antonyms
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    1
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    2. Analogies 2
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    3. Sentence Completions (just SC if you’re in a hurry) 2
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    2
    2
    1 4. Reading Comprehension (RC for those on the go)
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    134
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    A chart describing these four question types—as well as a discussion about 2
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    the basic approach to the GRE Verbal test—can be found starting on page 2
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    25. Be sure to read this section if you haven’t already done so. The bulk of 2
    1 this chapter will discuss each question type in detail, but you need to fit 2
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    these individual ideas into the overall Verbal strategy covered in the earlier 2
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    2
    2
    1 section.
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    Like the Quantitative section, the GRE Verbal section is scored on a scale 2
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    2
    2
    1 from 200 to 800, with 800 a perfect score. Theoretically, a 500 would be
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    an average score, and this chapter is going to emphasize strategies to help 2
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    you score above a 500 on the GRE Verbal section. A Verbal score in the 2
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    1 high 500s to mid 600s can be considered a solid score, although if you are 2
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    applying for an English program you will most likely want to stay above 2
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    600. The fact that the scores are scaled makes for some strange 2
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    discrepancies between the percentile scores and scaled scores. For
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    example, a 700 Verbal might translate to the 96th percentile, meaning that 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this score was better than 95 out of 100 test-takers. However, a higher 2
    2
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    1 Quantitative scaled score might translate to a lower percentile score 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    because of the results of all the other people taking the GRE CAT. On the 2
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    same test where a 700 Verbal equals the 96th percentile, a 760 2
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    Quantitative scaled score might only rank in the 83 rd
    percentile. Even
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    though the scaled score is higher, the percentile ranking is lower. If this 2
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    seems a little odd, that’s because it is. The end result is that it is usually 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 tougher to get a high Verbal scaled score than it is to get a high 2
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    Quantitative scaled score because the pool of GRE test-takers is skewed 2
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    1 with people who score better in Verbal than Math. 2
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    You receive your scaled scores immediately after completing the entire
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    test. There are also percentile scores (0–99%) for both the Verbal and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Alert!

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    Quantitative sections. These percentile scores can be found in the same 2
    1 letter that gives you your Analytical score. The percentile score can be a 2
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    little strange, since it varies over time depending on all the people taking 2
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    the test. Most graduate programs are more interested in the scaled scores, 2
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    so don’t lose too much sleep trying to figure out the vagaries of percentile 2
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    scores. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Although there are four different question types, the first three all have a
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    heavy vocabulary component. The first question type, Antonyms, is 2
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    almost exclusively a vocabulary quiz, since you often need to know the 2
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    definition of a word in order to pick its opposite. There are some guessing 2
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    techniques that enable you to work on an antonym problem even if you 2
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    don’t know the definition of the word, but for the most part many 2
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    2
    2
    1 antonym problems boil down to, “Do you know the word or not?”
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    Part III: Section Review

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    Both analogies and sentence completions have formats that are more 2
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    complicated than antonyms, and both formats can be approached with a 2
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    host of methods. However, the presence of difficult vocabulary words in 2
    1 the answer choices can make things difficult. For instance, you might read 2
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    a SC problem and realize the word in the blank needs to mean something 2
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    2
    2
    1 akin to “small,” but then look down and see that your answer choices are:
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    A. weighty 2
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    2
    2
    1 B. pulchritudinous
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    C. pusillanimous 2
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    D. voluminous 2
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    2
    2
    1 E. angry
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    Choices (A) and (E) are well-known words, but (B), (C), and (D) are not as 2
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    common. For this question, you could eliminate (A) and (E) since you 2
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    know that neither of these words means “small,” but you would then be 2
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    left with a choice of (B), (C), and (D). Many of you might be able to look at 2
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    1 voluminous and recognize the root volume in the word, making this choice 2
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    unlikely to be the answer. This would leave you with two choices to guess 2
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    from, illustrating how good test strategies can take you a long way, but
    sometimes not all the way to finding the answer outright. For the last push, 2
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    you would have to know that pulchritudinous is an ugly-sounding word
    that surprisingly means “beautiful,” while pusillanimous is a very large 2
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    word that means “small.” How’s that for opposites?
    2
    1
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    Three fourths of the GRE Verbal question types have a vocabulary 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    component to them. Combine this with the fact that the first 3–6 questions 2
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    you face will be both antonyms and analogies, and that the first questions 2
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    on a computer adaptive test section count more than the questions at the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    end. The end result is a GRE Verbal exam that is a lot like a “souped-up” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vocabulary test, or a vocabulary quiz gone wild. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    If you wanted to practice your Analytical skills, you can write an essay
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    showing why the GRE Verbal section is not like a vocabulary quiz on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    steroids. You could go through and find the flaws in the author’s 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    argument, which admittedly is not airtight. This might help you improve
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    your Analytical score, but it won’t do much for the GRE Verbal score. For 2
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    help in this area, the first thing you should do is improve your vocabulary,
    2
    1 because it plays a huge part on the GRE Verbal.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2
    1
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    136 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Upgrading Your Personal Lexicon 2
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    In the ideal scenario, you are reading this book when you are 5 years old.
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    It might be the first book you ever read. If this is the case, then the GRE 2
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    CAT is almost two decades away, and you have an ample amount of time 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to learn a ton of tough vocabulary words. Put the lollipop down and crack 2
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    open that dictionary, youngster! 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sadly, most of you reading this book do not have as much time as the wee 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    child described above. That’s okay, too! It means you have an actual life. 2
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    The simple fact is that the more time you have before the test, the more 2
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    vocabulary words you can learn.
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Tips on Learning New Vocabulary 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. Strive for Quality over Quantity. Sort of learning the definition of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1,000 words is not as good as actually learning 100 words. Building 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vocabulary for a single test is a bit problematic to begin with, since there’s 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 no way you can cover all the possible words that might appear. Therefore, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    don’t blow a gasket trying to guarantee you’ll recognize every word you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    see, since it just isn’t going to happen. Instead, make sure the new words 2
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    you do learn are remembered. That way, if one of these words shows up as 2
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    an antonym, you have a great chance to answer that question correctly. 2
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    People learn at different rates. Learning about 30 new words a week is a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 nice goal. If you start six weeks before the test, that gives you almost 200 2
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    new words. Feel free to adjust the 30 words/week figure up or down 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 depending on your own ability and available time. Just make sure that you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    actually learn—and remember—the definitions of the words you are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    studying. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Don’t Let an Unknown Word Cross Your Path Again. The best way to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    learn new words is when a word appears in the context of other words. 2
    2
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    1 Suppose you happen to be reading a magazine, book, or newspaper when 2
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    you come across the word charivari. Looking at the context of the word 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (how the word is used in the sentence), you can sort of figure out its 2
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    meaning. This allows you to keep on reading, even if you don’t know
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exactly what charivari means. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Instead of settling for this quasi-comprehension, write the unknown word 2
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    down and then look it up later. Or look it up right then, if you have a 2
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    dictionary nearby. The goal is to add that word to your mental stable of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    words, and it’s much easier to do this with words that you actually 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 encounter in the course of a day. Encountering the word in context helps
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    anchor the word in your mind. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 137
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    Part III: Section Review

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    You can keep a small notebook with you to write unknown words down, 2
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    or if you’re techno-savvy you can store the words in a PDA or some 2

    Note
    1 similar device. For optimal benefit, write down the unknown word and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the sentence in which it appears. When you look up the definition, you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can then add the definition to the word and the sample sentence you 2
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    1
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    already have. It almost goes without saying that creating a list this way 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gives you a vocabulary review sheet at the same time. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Writing down and learning the meaning of unknown words will help 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    improve your vocabulary, and it will have benefits beyond the GRE CAT 2
    1 Verbal. You might be able to use some of these tough words on the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Analytical essay, and in general you’ll just have more words at your 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disposal on a day-by-day basis. You will find that a large vocabulary can 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be very helpful in social, educational, and business settings. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. Do Some Test-Specific Vocabulary Reading. If context learning is the
    1 best way to pump up your GRE vocabulary, the second-best way is to buy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a “Boost Your GRE Vocabulary” book. There are also a slew of Web sites 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    covering GRE vocabulary. 2
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    Regardless of what source you use, a GRE-specific vocabulary list can help 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    focus your studies to cover words that have a good likelihood of appearing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on the GRE. However, this advantage is offset by two opposing factors. 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The first factor is that learning words from a book does not guarantee that 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you’ll remember the word in the future. Typically, the high density of new 2
    2
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    1 words you encounter and the artificial method in which you experience 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    them translates to a lower retention level. Instead of anchoring the word in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    your mind, you might see it on the test and say, “Oh yeah, I remember that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was one of the words I studied.” This recollection might lead you to recall 2
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    the word’s definition, but often all you have is a vague idea of what the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 word means. Still, this is better than nothing. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The second problem is that even if you do memorize 200 GRE-specific 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    words, the chances you will encounter a bunch of them on the actual test is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    still rather small. Picture the Gulf of Mexico in your mind. Even if you 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    know every fish off the coast of Florida, does this mean you know every 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    fish in the entire gulf? The answer is no, because the volume of water in the 2
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    1 gulf is simply too big. The same holds true for the amount of vocabulary 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that might appear on the GRE. The number of possible words is too large 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for any single book, or volume of books, to contain. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 This doesn’t mean you must gnash your teeth and scream to the stars 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about the injustice of the GRE, although if that makes you feel better, go 2
    1 right ahead. Instead, simply realize that you will not know the exact 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    138 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    definition of every word you encounter. That’s fine. Everybody else taking 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the GRE is in the same boat as you, to one extent or another. Studying 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from a GRE-specific list might place 1–3 problems right in your lap. Since 2
    1 the test is only 30 questions long, every question helps. If some recently 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    learned vocabulary helps you on the first 5 questions, then it will have 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 been worth it.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The rest of the chapter will cover various question-specific techniques you 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 can employ. Vocabulary was covered first since some of these techniques
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hinge upon whether or not you know the definition of the words used. 2
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    Compiling new vocabulary words and learning questions strategies go 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 hand in hand, so let’s get started.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Antonyms
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In test-taking lingo, a GRE antonym question consists of a “stem word”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 followed by 5 answer choices. For example: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    CIRCUITOUS : 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. direct 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    B. electrical
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. wooden 2
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    D. oblique 2
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    1 E. long-winded
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The stem word is circuitous, and one of the five answer choices below this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stem word has a meaning that is “most nearly opposite” in meaning to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circuitous. Don’t look yet at the answer choices, though. The best way to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 approach every antonym problem is to focus on the stem word first and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer this question as honestly as possible: “Do I know the meaning of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 this word?”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Although these questions are commonly referred to as antonyms, not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    every stem word/correct answer is an antonym pair in the purest sense. 2
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    Tip

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    This is why the phrase “most nearly opposite” (or something similar) will
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be used to describe these questions. The phrase is vague enough to give
    2
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    1 the test-writers wiggle room if they want to use two words that aren’t
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exactly antonyms, but do have meanings that are fairly opposite. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 This question triggers your approach to every antonym problem. Looking
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    at the answer choices before answering it might influence your thinking, as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you make an incorrect connection with the stem word and an answer 2
    1 choice that is incorrect. The reason for this common mistake has to do 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 139
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the way wrong answer choices are created. In general, wrong answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices often take the form of words that can commonly be associated 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the stem word. Call this the “Salt-and-Pepper Trap.” The stem word 2
    1 is salt, and directly below it is the answer choice pepper. Your mind 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    commonly associates these two items together, in kind of an opposite way. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 So like the old tongue-twister you pick pepper, even though the two words
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are not antonyms. They aren’t really related in any way except for the fact 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that they are both common spices. Focusing
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on the stem word definition 2
    2
    1 first prevents you from falling into the Salt-and-Pepper Trap. Achoo!
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Answering the question, “Do I know the meaning of the stem word?” 2
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    1 produces three outcomes, “Yes,” “No,” and “Maybe.” Each of these 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answers leads to a different technique. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Outcome #1: Yes, I Know the Meaning of the Word 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    As you might expect, this is the answer you want the most. If you do know
    1 the meaning of circuitous, define it mentally in a sentence like, “Circuitous 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means a long, round-about course or path.” Now, anticipate what the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    antonym of circuitous will be. By anticipating the antonym, you approach 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the answer choices with a focus that will help you separate the wrong
    answers from the better choices. People who don’t approach the answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    choices with such a clear focus often “shop” the answer choices, looking at
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 each one and trying them on to see if they fit as the stem word’s antonyms. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Since these wrong answers are designed to be tempting, this approach can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 easily lead to a poor choice. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    By anticipating the antonym, you give yourself a clear idea of what you are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    looking for. You don’t have to spend minutes crafting a perfect response, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just compose a mental sentence along the lines of, “the antonym of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circuitous will be a word like straight or blunt.” 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    A. direct
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. electrical 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    C. wooden
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. oblique 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. long-winded 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Using this mental sentence as a guide, choice (A) stands out as the correct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer. You might not know exactly what oblique means, so you don’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    have to cross out that answer if you don’t want to. All other choices are 2
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    1 clearly wrong, although if you went shopping in the answer choices, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    might have liked electrical since the word circuitous has the word circuit 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in it.
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    2
    2
    1
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    140 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    If you know the meaning of the stem word, chances are good you would 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    get the answer correct even without anticipating the correct choice. Even 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    so, anticipating the correct answer virtually eliminates the chance of a 2
    1 wrong answer. It’s a sound test-taking strategy, and one you should always 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    employ. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Outcome #2: I Sort of Know the Meaning of That 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1Word . . . Maybe
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are many words that fall into this category. They are like the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    neighbors you occasionally see down the street or the people who work at 2
    1 your local grocery store. You recognize them when you see them, but if 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pressed, you have to admit that you don’t know that much about them. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    People encounter these “passing acquaintance” words every day. If you are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    following the suggestions listed earlier in this chapter, you are writing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    down these words and then looking up their definitions later. This allows
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 you to change your answer from “Maybe I know this word” to “Yes, I 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    know this word,” something that greatly helps your GRE Verbal chances. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Still, there will always be some words that you recognize but can never 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quite define. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    BRAVADO : 2
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    A. callowness
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. greed 2
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    1 C. swagger 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. timorousness 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. hapless 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Assume that you don’t quite know the definition of the stem word 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bravado. However, you have seen the word in some novels, and you think 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 that brav- in bravado is the same as the brav- in brave or bravery. This 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would mean that bravado means something similar to brave or courageous 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    . . . if the brav- is the same for both words. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The above train of thought is commendable, and it shows someone
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    working to decipher the meaning of a word with an educated guess. This is
    2
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    a good strategy. To determine whether or not the guess is correct, you need 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to develop your awareness of how the computer adaptive GRE works. For 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    example, if bravado is the first question in the GRE Verbal section, which 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would imply that it is a question of medium difficulty. This question 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 won’t be simple, but a little work—like figuring out the definition by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    comparing the root brav—should place you on the right course. In this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scenario, bravado probably does share some similarity with the more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    common word brave. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 141
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    However, if bravado is the fifth question, and you’re very confident you’ve 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answered the previous four questions correctly, then the scenario is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    different. You should realize that your correct answers have caused the test 2
    1 to adapt and start feeding you harder problems, so the root brav- in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bravado is a decoy put there to catch unwary students. There’s no way a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 hard GRE Verbal question would be so easy to decipher.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If the previous paragraph makes sense to you, then you are well on your 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 way to becoming a great test-taker.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For this example, suppose bravado is the first question you encounter on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the GRE Verbal, which means the brav- root theory is valid. Since you sort 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of know the definition, you can sort of anticipate an answer. The opposite 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of bravery would be cowardice or something similar, so the opposite of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bravado should be something like cowardice as well. Glancing at the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer choices, you have: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. callowness
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. greed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. swagger 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. timorousness 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    E. hapless
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Some people like to think in terms of positive/negative words. Painting 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 with broad strokes, positive words mean things like larger/happier/better/ 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    good, while negative words mean the opposite. Bravado has the root 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 brav- in it, and bravery would be considered positive. You can could then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    go into the answer choices and look for negative words. This technique 2
    Note
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    does not always work, though, as many answer choices are negative 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    words but with different meanings. Nevertheless, thinking in terms of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    positive/negative can help for some words in which the only thing you can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 recall about them is whether or not they mean something good or bad. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    These choices illustrate the influence that vocabulary has on the GRE 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Verbal, since some of the answer choice words are as hard as or harder 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    than the stem word itself. Still, choices (B), (C), and (E) have nothing to do 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with cowardice, so you can cross them out. This leaves you with a 50/50 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    chance, not bad considering you aren’t certain of the stem word definition. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Therefore, the correct answer is (D). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    142 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Outcome #3: No, I Have No Idea What That 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Means 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For most people, the question is not if you will encounter a word you don’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    know, but when you will run across that word. Don’t beat yourself up 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about this, as the words used on the GRE
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Verbal section reflect a pretty 2
    2
    1 advanced vocabulary pool. For example:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    WINSOME :
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. unpleasant 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. defeated
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. garrulous 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. whiny 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. spurious
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you don’t know what the word winsome means, and if your mind can
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    not even summon up a passing memory of seeing the word in print, then 2
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    1 there’s no way to anticipate the answer. Instead, you need to attack the
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    answer choices, scrutinize them and try to eliminate unlikely answers, and 2
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    then take a guess. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are two primary ways to attack answer choices. The first one has 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    been touched on in the previous section, where you took your knowledge
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    of the adaptive test format and used it to your advantage. Suppose the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 word winsome appears after you have answered several questions 2
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    correctly. Personally, you think it’s a tough word (which is true), and that 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 you are in a hard portion of the GRE Verbal (a good assumption if you’ve 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    been answering questions correctly). This means there’s no easy shortcut 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on this problem. In fact, anything that looks like a shortcut is probably too 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    good to be true, and can be eliminated. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The root win- appears in the word winsome, which might lead some to 2
    2
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    1 think the word has something to do with victory or winning. Choice (B) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then practically screams, “I must be the answer!” Knowing where you are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on the test, and how tough a word winsome is, you can therefore eliminate 2
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    choice (B). You know it’s there to catch unwary test-takers looking for an 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    easy out when there isn’t one. 2
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    1 One answer choice is out, but four remain. The second elimination 2
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    technique can now be employed. Call it the “Sandwich Technique.” Try to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer the question, “What is the opposite of sandwich?” Is it a pizza? 2
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    Soup? A salad? The point is there is no opposite word for sandwich. Many 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 words have no opposite, or you have to get very creative to come up with
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    an opposite. Words without true opposites are very poor candidates to be 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the correct answer on an Antonym problem, so you can cross them out on 2
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    hard problems. 2
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    Part III: Section Review

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    Looking over the four remaining choices, choice (A) has a very clear 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    opposite. You might not know what garrulous or spurious means, so you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    can’t eliminate them if you don’t know what they mean. It turns out both 2
    1 have valid opposites. Look at (D), though, whiny. What is the opposite of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    whiny? Unwhiny? Polite? Not annoying? You can make a case that there is 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 a word that means the opposite of whiny . . . but you have to make a case
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in order to do so. This makes it unlikely to be the right answer, so you can 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminate choice (D).
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You are left with three choices. Take a guess, and keep in mind that 2
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    one-in-three odds are not too bad when you are dealing with a completely 2
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    1 unfamiliar word. The correct answer choice happens to be the one that 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    could easily be an antonym. A winsome person is charming and pleasant, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the opposite of unpleasant, choice (A). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There are several methods for dealing with antonym problems, but 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vocabulary plays a large part in the overall strategy. The same can also be 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 said of another vocabulary-centric question type, the analogy questions. 2
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    1
    ANALOGY is to GRE as FEATHER is to OSTRICH 22
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    Analogies are similar in form to antonyms, and they also have a heavy 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vocabulary component. However, where there is only one stem word for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    an antonym, an analogy question starts off with two stem words that bear
    1 some type of relationship to one another. As you will see, understanding 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the relationship between the two stem words is the critical skill to master
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    when handling analogy problems. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 FEATHER : OSTRICH :: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. beak : raven
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    1 B. scale : lizard 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    C. foot : chicken
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    D. desert : cactus 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    E. tail : mammal
    2
    1
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    There’s a colon between the two stem words, but there is also some kind of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    link between the two words. One of the answer choices—the correct 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one—will share this same link, or analogous relationship. Hence the term, 2
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    2
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    analogies.
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    144 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To get a clearer picture of what is needed on an analogy problem, it helps 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to get rid of the colon and format the question in the following manner: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    FEATHER _____________________________ OSTRICH :: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. beak ______________________________
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    raven 2
    2
    1 B. scale ______________________________ lizard
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. foot _______________________________ chicken 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. desert ____________________________
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 __ cactus 2
    2
    1
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    E. tail ________________________________ mammal 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    If the question were set up this way, it would be easy to see that what you 2
    1 need to do is write some text that shows the link between the two stem 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    words. You can have something like 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    a FEATHER is part of an OSTRICH :: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Creating a link between the two stem words is the first step of every 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 analogy problem. If you can create a good link, then you can take that link 2
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    down into the answer choices and see which answer choices share that 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    link. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Granted, you can’t create a link between the stem words if you don’t
    Tip

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    know what one or both of the words means. Strategies to deal with these 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circumstances are covered later in the chapter. 2
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    1
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    A. beak is part of a raven 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. scale is part of a lizard 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. foot is part of a chicken
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    1 D. desert is part of a cactus
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. tail is part of a mammal 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 A desert is NOT part of a cactus, so choice (D) is not going to be the right 2
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    answer on this problem since it does not contain the same link as the two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stem words (desert : cactus do share a link, it’s just not the right one for 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    this problem). Choices (A), (B), (C), and (E) all seem to share the same link.
    1 This does not mean that all four choices are correct. Instead, we must
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    refine our initial link and be a little more precise in describing how the 2
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    words feather and ostrich are connected. A little bit of thinking here will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    make the problem easy to solve. 2
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    Some people might say that feathers are used by birds to fly. This is 2
    2
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    1 somewhat true, although it could be argued that the wings are what enable 2
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    a bird to fly. In any case, the ostrich is a flightless bird, so creating a link 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that states, “A feather is part of an ostrich that is used to fly” would be 2
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    1 incorrect.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 145
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    Part III: Section Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What do the feathers do for an ostrich? Without over-thinking it, feathers 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cover the outside of the bird and protect it in the same way that skin 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    protects us. You can then modify our initial linking sentence to read 2
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    1 something like:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a FEATHER is part of the outer
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    covering of an OSTRICH 2
    2
    1
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    a FEATHER is the part of an OSTRICH found along the outside 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of its body 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 a FEATHER is the part of an OSTRICH that covers it like skin 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    All three of these sentences give a more precise definition of the connection 2
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    1 between feather and ostrich. Use any of them above and see how they fit in 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the remaining answer choices. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. beak is part of the outer covering of a raven
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    B. scale is part of the outer covering of a lizard 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    C. foot is part of the outer covering of a chicken
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    1 E. tail is part of the outer covering of a mammal 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You could try to make the case that choices (A), (C), and (E) are still valid, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    but it should be clear that choice (B) is the best answer for this analogy 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problem. Scales cover the outside of lizards, and feathers cover the exterior 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of ostriches. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you know both the stem words for an analogy question, then you should 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 focus on creating a link that describes the connection between the two 2
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    words. Once this is done, you simply take that link and check it against all 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the answer choices to find the one that shares the same relationship. That 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is your correct answer. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Creating good links can take some practice. Quite often, you might start 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    out with a general link and then have to modify it to be more specific. The 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    chart below discusses some of the more common types of Analogy links 2
    2
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    1 that will be encountered on the GRE.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Common Types of Analogies 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1. Synonyms: Synonyms are fairly simple analogies, since the two words
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mean the same thing. An example would be PREVARICATE : LIE, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    since prevaricate is just a fancy word meaning “to lie.” Synonym
    1 analogies like to combine one tough word with a simple one, leaving 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you to wonder what the relationship between the words are. The 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    words could be synonyms, or . . .
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2. Antonyms: These analogies are exactly what you would expect them 2
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    to be. PREVARICATION: TRUTH is an example of an antonym 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 analogy. Many synonym and antonym analogies use adjectives as the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    stem words.
    2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. Degree: Degree analogies combine two things that are similar in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nature but different in scale. BREEZE : GALE is a good example 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since they are both winds, although a gale is much stronger.
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. Set/Subset: Fans of categories will like these analogies. Subset 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    analogies often employ linking
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    phrases such as “kind of” or “part 2
    1 of.” ELM : TREE is a simple example, since an elm is a kind of tree. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    FEATHER : OSTRICH could also be considered one of these 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 analogies, but if you disagree, that’s fine, too. These categories
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    should be used if they help you come up with good links, but it 2
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    doesn’t really matter whether or not each category is distinct from all 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the others.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5. Function: Certain things have been made with a specific purpose or 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    function. For instance, what do gloves do? GLOVES : HANDS is a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    good example of a function relationship, since gloves are meant to be 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    worn on the hands. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You might also think that GLOVES : WARM is a good link, but this is not 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as strong. Gloves can be used to keep your hands warm, but gloves can
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Note

    also be worn for other purposes. A person wearing gloves while washing
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    dishes is wearing gloves for protection, not warmth. The two stem words
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will always have a strong link, but the words in the answer choices do not 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    always contain strong links. If you saw GLOVES : WARM as an answer
    1 choice, you could eliminate it as a likely answer choice because the link
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    between the two words is not very strong.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6. Definitional: This is a big catch-all category. One stem word often 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    plays a big part in defining the other stem word. CANDLE : WAX is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    an example, since it is hard to describe a candle without using the
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    term wax. While there are some candles that might not be made out 2
    1
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    of wax, the overwhelming majority are, so a link like “a candle is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    made out of wax” might be all you need to answer a problem 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    correctly. There is the possibility you would have to get more specific, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 so you could modify this first definition and change it to something
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more precise such as, “A candle is made out of wax, which is then 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    burned away.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This list could be given more categories, but the overall goal is to show you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    some common routes you can take to create a link between the stem
    1 words. Look at the two analogies questions below, and come up with
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    strong links that describe a connection between the two words. See if your 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    links are good enough to enable you
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    to answer both questions correctly. 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 147
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    SHEPHERD : FLOCK :: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    A. apothecary : drugs
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    B. butcher : carcass 2
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    C. physician : patients 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. farmer : corn
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    E. businessperson : employer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    BANEFUL : BENEFIT ::
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. helpful : cure 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. tragic : end
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    C. toxic : poison 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. flawless : aberration 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. disguised : concealment
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    You can describe the first two stem words in either functional or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    definitional terms:
    2
    1
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    Functional route: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    he function of a SHEPHERD is to take care of his/her FLOCK.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Definitional route: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A SHEPHERD is someone who takes care of a FLOCK. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Both links do a good job of describing the connection between a shepherd 2
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    and a flock. Taking either link and heading into the answer choices, you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 should see that choice (C) works better than any other. A PHYSICIAN is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    someone who takes care of his/her PATIENTS. Some people will balk at 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this choice, mainly because they do not want to be compared with sheep. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Yet the whole point of analogous relationships is to show a shared 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    similarity between two seemingly dissimilar groups. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    For the second analogy problem, the words baneful and benefit have
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    opposite connotations. Something that is BANEFUL has no BENEFIT, so 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can use the link “has no” to check all the answer choices. Choices (C) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    and (E) are mostly synonyms, so while there is a strong link between the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    words in these answer choices, they do not have the link you are looking 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    for. Something FLAWLESS has no ABERRATION, making (D) the correct
    2
    1 answer.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The words used in the second problem were deliberately a lot tougher than 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the words in the first problem. If you didn’t know what baneful meant, it 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 would be hard to make a link between the two stem words. There will be 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    some tough stem words on the GRE, so there are some strategies you can 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    use to approach these problems. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    148 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What to Do When the Stem Words Are Just 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Too Freaky 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    There will always be a strong link between the two stem words. This is not 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the case with the answer choices. Some of these will have weak links, or 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    even no links at all. Since the correct answer must have the same, strong 2
    1 link as the two stem words, any answer choices with weak links can be 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminated. There’s no way they could be the right answer, because the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    right answer must have a strong link.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This is the best elimination technique you have, so be prepared to use it on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lots of problems. Let’s look back at the very first analogy problem in this 2
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    1 section.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    FEATHER : OSTRICH ::
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. beak : raven
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. scale : lizard 2
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    1 C. foot : chicken
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. desert : cactus 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. tail : mammal
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Assume you have no idea what the word feather means. Go down to your 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer choices and try to make links between the two words. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. beak : raven—a BEAK is like the mouth of a RAVEN 2
    1 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. scale : lizard—a LIZARD is covered in SCALES (It’s OK to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reverse direction if you need to, and you can add a plural if 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you like) 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
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    C. foot : chicken—a CHICKEN kinda has a FOOT
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    1 D. desert : cactus—a DESERT is where you commonly find 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    CACTUS 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. tail : mammal—a TAIL can often be found on a MAMMAL, 2
    1 2
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    but not always 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Choice (C) is not really a strong link, and (E) is pretty shaky, too. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    Mammals can have tails, but not every one does. Both (C) and (E) are
    1 weak choices that can be crossed out as possible answers. Choices (A) and
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (D) have fine links. But if (D) is the right answer, then the stem words 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    would have to share the same link, meaning that a FEATHER “is where
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you commonly find” an OSTRICH. You would pick this if you thought 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    there was a specific word out there meaning, “the place where ostriches
    1 are commonly found.” The existence of such a word is unlikely, so this
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    takes (D) out of the picture. You are left with (A) or (C), two solid choices. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Let’s revisit choice (C) once more before bidding a fond farewell to this 2
    1 problem. Since foot and chicken do not share any real connection, why is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 149
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this choice even here? The reason lies in the fact that most people like to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    play the “Connect the Words” game when tackling tough analogies 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems. This means they might connect the second stem word with the 2
    1 second word in an answer choice, or maybe they’ll take the first stem word 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and make a connection with the second word of a different answer choice. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 They’ll make links however they can, with no regard for the strict rules
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    regarding analogous relationships. In terms of this question, this means 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    people will link ostrich, a bird, with chicken or raven, two other birds. 2
    1 Who cares what the first words are? Chickens and ostriches are both birds, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    aren’t they? 2
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    1 None of these “Connect the Words” links are valid. They are traps 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    designed to lead you astray. It doesn’t matter that chicken and ostriches are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    both birds. You can only make links between the two paired words, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then compare links to one another. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    The temptation to play “Connect the Words” gets stronger when you have
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    1 some tough words that you might not know. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Looking back at the shepherd and flock problem, you can see two answer
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    choices designed to catch people making incorrect connections. The 2
    2
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    words farmer and corn do not really have a strong link, since farmers can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Note
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    grow many other things besides corn. It’s there to catch people combining 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    shepherd and farmer, two pastoral occupations. Some people might
    1 equate shepherds with tending herd animals of some sort, and these 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    animals often end up with a butcher, the first word in choice (B).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    BANEFUL : BENEFIT :: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. helpful : cure 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. tragic : end 2
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    1 C. toxic : poison 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. flawless : aberration 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. camouflaged : concealment 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    If you don’t know what baneful means, attack this question by heading
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    into the answer choices to test the links there. Choice (C) contains two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    synonyms, so it remains a likely pick if you think baneful and benefit are
    1 synonymous. When you try to make a link for choices (A) and (B), you will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    find that the words are not really related. Choice (A) is probably there for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    people connecting cure and benefit, two positive words. You should realize
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 by now that choice (A) is wrong for two reasons: It has a weak link, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it’s a trap for folks playing “Connect the Words.” 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    150 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    Choices (C), (D), and (E) all contain good links, so they should all remain. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A one-in-three chance may not be ideal, but it shows once again that you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can use techniques to give yourself a fighting chance even on problems 2
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    1 where you don’t know the meaning of some of the words.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    This __________ of the Book Deals with 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sentence __________
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    2
    2
    1
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    If you could figure out that heading, you are well on your way to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    succeeding on Sentence Completions (SC) problems. Like the heading, SC 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems feature a sentence—often a convoluted one filled with multiple 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    types of punctuation (commas, semicolons, and so forth), kind of like the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sentence you are currently reading—that has one or more words missing 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from it. A sample SC problem would look like: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    SC problems feature a sentence—often a convoluted one filled with 2
    1 2
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    multiple types of __________ (commas, semicolons, and so forth), 2
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    kind of like the sentence you are currently reading—that has one or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more words missing from it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. pauses 2
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    B. punctuation
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C. grammar 2
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    1 D. issues 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. subjects 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Using context is the critical element with
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    SC problems. You are not 2
    required to conjecture randomly to figure out what the missing word 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 should be. Instead, every sentence will contain hints and clues in the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    context that should steer you toward the right word to place in the missing
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 blank. In the sample sentence above, two words immediately following the 2
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    blank are commas and semicolons, both forms of punctuation. These are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the main clues that should lead you to the correct answer of choice (B), 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    punctuation. Of course, having the entire sentence directly above the 2
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    1 problem also helps.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 151
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    The idea of context should be familiar to everyone enhancing their 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vocabulary by grabbing unfamiliar words in the context of everyday 2
    1 reading. (This topic was discussed on page 137 in this section.) When you 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    X-Ref
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    encounter an unfamiliar word in context, you can often determine its 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meaning from the way it is used in the sentence it is in. You figure out the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meaning of the word through its context, and this practice is very similar 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to the strategy used to determine what word should appear in the blank 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    space of the Sentence Completion problem. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Just like antonym problems, anticipating the answer will help you on SC 2
    1 problems. People who read the original sentence and then go shopping in 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the answer choices increase their possibility of picking a wrong answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The incorrect answers are created to catch shoppers, so don’t follow this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pattern of behavior. Instead, read the original sentence slowly, and try to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decide what word would fit best in each blank. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Figuring out a word can be difficult, but remember that every sentence will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    contain context clues to help you determine the right answer. If the missing 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    word doesn’t come to you right away, scan the sentence and look for words 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or phrases that provide a clue. There will always be some. If you come up 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    with a word but are a bit uncertain it is the correct one, finding the context 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    clues can help you decide whether or not you made the right choice. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Determined to bring back an egg of the Emperor penguin, Apsley 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and his companions struggled through ferocious blizzards, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    __________ low temperatures, and across
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dangerously unknown 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Antarctic __________ in order to complete their mission. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A. appallingly. .terrain 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. terrifyingly. .errors 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 C. cryptically. .ice 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    D. bitingly. .forces 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E. stingingly. .circumstances 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The sample sentence also contains directional words. These are words 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    that change or continue the flow of a sentence. A conjunction like and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Tip

    1 continues the flow of a sentence, while words like but, although, or 2


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    however change the flow of sentence. Since changing the flow makes the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meaning of a sentence harder to determine, you can expect to see at least 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    some changing directional words on your SC problems. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This two-blank SC problem has a host of
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    context clues. We can break 2
    2
    1 down this entire sentence and discuss the relevance of all the words.
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Word or Phrase Significance 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “Determined to On many SC problems,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the introductory phrase 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bring back an is employed to set up a change in the flow of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    egg of the Em- sentence. These introductory phrases start with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 peror penguin” words like although, while, and something
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    related. However, this phrase does not do this. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The key words in this phrase might be Deter- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 mined—showing resolution—and Emperor pen-
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    guin, which would lead to start thinking about 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cold weather, since penguins are associated
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with cold weather. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “Apsley and his Not much here except for the fact that Apsley’s 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    companions” a decidely British name? In terms of answering 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    a SC question, the phrase and his companions
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is completely worthless. Whether or not Apsley
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 acted alone or with an entire troupe of clowns 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    does not help you figure out the missing words. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Think of these worthless phrases as sentence 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    completion chaff. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “struggled Here’s a big clue that ties in well with the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    through fero- penguin clue from earlier. The words penguin
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 cious blizzards” and blizzards should evoke images of very cold
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    weather. The words struggled and ferocious 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reinforce the idea that the place Apsley is at is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    very harsh and cold. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “__________ low Given the way this sentence is going, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    temperatures” should conjecture that the missing word should 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be something like “extremely” or “terribly.” 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    The phrase “pleasantly low temperatures”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    simply would not jive with everything you’ve 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    read up to now. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “and across Apsley hasn’t gone to poach penguin eggs from 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dangerously un- a zoo. He’s obviously fighting to get eggs in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    known Antarctic Antarctic. Picturing Antarctica in your mind, 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    __________” you might think the ice would fit well into the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sentence. It would, but so would land or
    2
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    1 ground. Keep both options in mind.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 “in order to SC filler, but three cheers for completing the
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    complete their mission. 2
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    2
    2
    1 mission”
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 153
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    Part III: Section Review

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    Now that you have potential words for each blank, look at the answer 2
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    choices. Start with only one word, and eliminate any answer choices that 2
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    do not fit the words you came up with. Start with the first blank and cross 2
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    1 out any words that do not mean “terribly” or “extremely.”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    A. appallingly. .terrain
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    2
    2
    1
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    B. terrifyingly. .errors 2
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    C cryptically. .ice 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 D. bitingly. .forces
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    E. stingingly. .circumstances 2
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    Choice (C) can be eliminated, since “cryptically low temperatures” does 2
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    1
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    not make sense, and it does not mean the same thing as what you are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    looking for. Note that the second word in choice (C), ice, is a very good 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    word to use for that blank. People shopping might pick choice (C) because 2
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    the second word fits so well, even though the first word is a poor choice. If 2
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    you work one blank at a time and eliminate improbable answer choices, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 you spare yourself this mistake. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For the second blank, ice works nicely but it’s already gone. The word 2
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    errors does not work very well, so (B) can be crossed out. This leaves (A), 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    (D), and (E). The word terrain is synonymous with ground, making it the
    best choice from the ones left. (A) is your answer, then. You didn’t start out 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    thinking of the words appallingly and terrain, but you understood the
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    1 context clues well enough to choose words that led you to these correct 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answers. 2
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    1 The approach outlined above should be used on all SC questions, one 2
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    blank or two. As always, vocabulary plays a factor, since it is difficult to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminate a word like cryptically if you are uncertain of what it means. 2
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    Even though vocabulary works as a limiting factor on SC problems, the 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fact remains that sentence completion questions are very “techniquable.” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 If you can understand the sentence, you have a shot at getting the answer 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    right. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This is the best thing about SC problems. The worst thing is that there are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    usually fewer SC problems than any other question type. You might see as
    few as five, and these arrive near the back end of the test where their 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    impact on scoring is lessened. Isn’t it strange how the question type that’s 2
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    1 2
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    most solvable appears the least, while the question type that’s little more 2
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    than a “do-you-know-the-word-or-not?” appears the most? Hmm. . . . 2
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    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    154 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Reading Comprehension, the Kevin Bacon of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Standardized Tests (It’s in Every Test)
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    Odds are high that you have already taken scads of tests containing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Reading Comprehension (RC) problems. The format, then, should hold 2
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    no surprise: You get a pile of words to read and must answer questions 2
    1 about these words to show that you understood said pile. RC on the GRE 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Verbal section is no different, although the twenty-first century techno- 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 version of RC means that you must do your reading on a computer screen,
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scrolling up and down to read the words that appear in an annoyingly 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    small text box.
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    2
    2
    1
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    Since the format is so familiar, there won’t be any surprises when your first 2
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    RC questions pop up on the screen. These questions do not focus on 2
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    vocabulary as much as the other three question types, providing a bit of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    relief in that arena. These two aspects work to your advantage, but not 2
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    everything about RC is rosy. The main drawback is that you have to spend
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    1 an inordinate amount of time—compared to the other GRE problem 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    types—to answer a small amount of questions. This can lead to problems 2
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    if you are a very slow reader, as you might find yourself taking 4–6 minutes 2
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    of a 30-minute test just to answer two measly questions. The ratio of what 2
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    you put in to answer RC questions to what you get out of it is really lousy. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You should always take whatever time is needed to get a question right, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 even if this means having to guess on some questions at the very end. Many 2
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    people tend to rush when taking a standardized test, and this is something 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 you never want to do as it leads to careless errors. Careless errors are 2
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    compounded by the adaptive nature of the GRE, so people flying through 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    RC problems find themselves at an even greater disadvantage. To 2
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    overcome any pacing problems before they appear, simply understand that 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you will have to take more time on RC problems, which means you should 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 take less time on some other problems. For example, if you definitely 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    know the answer to an antonym problem, it should only take you about 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    15 seconds to mark the correct answer. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A typical RC passage runs about 200 words in length and has 2–3 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    questions associated with it. Longer passages—those over and around 2
    Tip

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    1 300 words—might have as many as 4 questions attached. On a normal 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    GRE, RC questions are shy, appearing for the first time only after you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have answered about 8–10 other questions. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Along with their different format, RC problems require a different
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    approach. The overall goal is to make sure you answer the questions 2
    1 correctly in the shortest amount of time possible. To help you do this, read 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 155
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the question before you start reading the passage. Keep the question in the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    back of your mind when tackling the passage. If you can answer the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    question accurately before reading the entire passage, by all means do so. 2
    1 The whole goal is to answer questions, not while away time reading a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    bland passage. 2
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    1 The content of the passages is not going to electrify you. The passages are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    non-fiction and tackle a diverse range of scientific and non-scientific 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 topics. It should be noted that all the information presented has to be
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accurate, and that the answers to the questions must also be factually 2
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    accurate. Therefore, if you get a passage about the War of the Austrian 2
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    1 Succession and you just happen to be a big fan of the Hapsburg dynasty, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then you’re in luck! On a more general note, you can use common sense to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminate some answer choices that are unlikely to be real or true. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When you start reading the passages, try to understand the main point of 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the passage first. This is often found hiding out in the first paragraph. Your 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 overall goal is to understand the main points of the passage and each of its 2
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    paragraphs, but you don’t need to waste time absorbing all the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    information into your long-term memory. Have an idea of where all the
    facts are, since you want to be able to go to the right part of the passage to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    answer any questions posed. At the same time, you don’t want to waste
    any time reading information that’s not essential to answering the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    questions, since answering questions is the only reason you’re here.
    1 Finding the right balance between passage reading and question answering 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    takes some practice, but that’s why there are three pencil-and-paper tests 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in this book as well as others on the CD. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Here’s a short sample paragraph: 2
    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Passage 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Line Viewing the underwater world through a land-based perspec-
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tive, it is easy to consider a colony of coral—a broad term used
    2
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    to describe the marine organisms, like those of the genus 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Corallium, which inhabit many tropical waters—as something
    2
    1
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    similar to a bed of flowers. Both corals and flowers have many 2
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    (5)
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    species that display brilliant markings and have intricate 2
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    1 shapes pleasing to the human eye. Yet the relationship between 2
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    flowers and corals is predominantly an aesthetic one, as the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    basic composition of a coral polyp, an animal, differs mark- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    (10) edly from that of a self-photosynthesizing plant like a rose or
    2
    1
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    zinnia. 2
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    It could even be argued that
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    lichen, a fungus, bears more in 2
    2
    1
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    common with corals than flowers, since both lichen and corals 2
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    156 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    are typified by beneficial relationships with photosynthesizing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (15) algae. While there are some species of coral that can exist 2
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    solely by capturing food, most
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    corals receive energy by hosting 2
    2
    1
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    millions of single-celled organisms commonly referred to as 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    zooxanthellae. The zooxanthellae are provided safety from 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 predation as well as certain by-products of the coral’s
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (20) metabolism, like ammonia, which zooxanthellae require to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    grow and reproduce. In return,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a portion of the energy 2
    2
    1
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    produced by the zooxanthellae through photosynthesis is used 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    by the coral to further its own needs for sustenance, growth, 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 and reproduction.
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    The text is wordy, the sentences are long, the style is bookish, and the topic 2
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    somewhat dull. In short, it’s your typical RC passage on a standardized 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    test. Instead of trying to gain some deep insight from the text, just get an
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    idea of what each paragraph is about and then dive into the questions. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    The author of the passage uses the visual comparison of coral to a 2
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    bed of flowers in order to illustrate 2
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    A. how human perceptions of other habitats are influenced by 2
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    their own environment. 2
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    B. the zoological similarities that exist between corals and
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    flowers. 2
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    1 C. why a better understanding of corals is needed in order to
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    preserve endangered forms. 2
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    D. the multiple ways that the perspective organisms are regarded. 2
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    E. the ability of underwater life to mimic that of the land-based
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    1 world.
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    Note

    If you were really cagy, you would have zipped down and read this
    1 question before tackling the text of the passage. It doesn’t matter if you 2
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    didn’t do this for this question, but make sure to get in the habit of 2
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    reviewing the questions before tackling the text. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    This question covers a bit of text in the first paragraph, so don’t try to 2
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    answer the question without looking back at the first paragraph. There’s a 2
    2
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    1 tendency for students who feel rushed to try to answer a problem “from 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    memory,” as if great amounts of time are saved by not referring back to the 2
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    passage. Some seconds might be shaved off, it’s true, but these seconds 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 won’t help much if you get the problem wrong. Go back and look over the 2
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    first paragraph to give yourself the best shot possible to find the correct 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 answer.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 157
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    Part III: Section Review

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    Instead of jumping right to the correct answer, let’s review why some of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    other choices are not the right one. Choice (C) sounds good, and people 2
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    who are very passionate about the environment might agree with the 2
    1 statement whole-heartedly. Yet the author of the passage never once 2
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    mentions the environmental angle, so the answer choice is just there to trip 2
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    2
    2
    1 up GRE-taking members of Greenpeace. Think of this as the “True, but So
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    What?” wrong answer choice. There will be answer choices that sound 2
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    really good but have nothing to do with the
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    actual text you are working 2
    2
    1 with. Cross these out.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Choices (B) and (E) both use words and phrases that can be found in the 2
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    1 passage itself. Choice (B) has the words corals, flower, similarities, and the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    prefix zoo-, all of which appear in the passage. Choice (E) has underwater 2
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    and land-based set up in a nice, contrasting way. Both of these choices 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    offer looks over substance, since the actual meaning of each sentence 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    makes them incorrect answer choices. They are like a bracelet made out of 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pearls and whipped cream. Even though the pearls look nice, the bracelet 2
    2
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    1 itself cannot be worn. Choice (B) actually states that there are deeper 2
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    similarities between flowers and corals, when the whole paragraph is 2
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    about how these similarities are superficial. The verb mimic in choice (E) 2
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    makes this statement totally incorrect, since there is nothing in the passage
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    to back up this claim. 2
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    This leaves only two choices, (A) and (D). Quite often, the correct answer 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 for an RC question merely paraphrases, or restates, text from the passage 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 using different words. The passage starts by showing how a land-based 2
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    perspective can lead to the wrong conclusion about corals. In other words, 2
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    2
    people’s perceptions of other habitats (the ocean) are influenced by their 2
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    1 own environment, the land. That’s choice (A), and that’s your paraphrased 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    correct answer. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    From the second paragraph, it can be inferred that 2
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    A. lichen use zooxanthellae algae for use in photosynthesis. 2
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    B. lichen provides some form of photosynthesizing algae with the
    2
    1
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    same basic nutrients that corals provide zooxanthellae. 2
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    C. zooxanthellae serve a function with corals that is served by 2
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    some photosynthesizing organism in lichen. 2
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    D. corals are not as dependent on their photosynthesizing partners 2
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    as lichen is. 2
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    1 E. corals and lichen are both able to capture food for themselves 2
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    1 if necessary. 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    Most RC problems are not going to ask you to find information 2
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    specifically stated in the passage. Instead,
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    you will be asked to infer or 2
    2
    1 conclude an answer, based on what was written. This means that while
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    Tip 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the correct answer is not stated directly, the clues needed to find the right
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    2
    2
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    answer are there. So, think like you did on the SC problems and search the
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    2
    2
    1
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    passage text for the clues that lead you to the right answer. The clues will 2
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    always be there; you need only find them and they will lead you to the 2
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    2
    2
    1 correct answer.
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    If this question seems confusing, it’s because it is. Many RC problems and 2
    1 answer choices appear to have been penned by Theodore Dreiser. (For 2
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    those non-English majors, this joke means that they are very laboriously 2
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    written.) The whole point of these choices is to get you unnerved to the 2
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    extent that you hurry and make a poor decision. If you understand that 2
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    this is the trap, you can avoid it. 2
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    1 First, you know where to look for the right answer, since the question
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    states, “in the second passage.” Accept any free information that’s given. 2
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    The answer choices continue to make various claims about the analogous— 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    remember this word?—relationship between corals and zooxanthellae and 2
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    lichen with some photosynthesizing organism. In other words,
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    CORAL : ZOOXANTHELLAE :: LICHEN : Some unnamed 2
    2
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    1 photosynthesizing organism 2
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    1 You can speak GRE, too!
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    Choices (B), (D), and (E) don’t work because you don’t know enough 2
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    about lichen. There’s nothing in the passage that says how dependent
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    lichen is, choice (D), or whether lichen can capture its own food, choice 2
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    (E). These answers wouldn’t be inferences, they would be unfounded 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 guesses. Furthermore, you don’t know if lichen uses zooxanthellae 2
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    algae—an unlikely choice (A) since lichen is not found underwater—or if 2
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    lichen provides its guest algae with basic nutrients, choice (B). All you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    know is that there is an analogy between lichen and its photosynthesizing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    organism and corals with zooxanthellae. The correct answer is (C). 2
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    One last note: People with saltwater aquariums might have known about 2
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    corals and their little sun-loving buddies, showing how outside knowledge
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    can come in handy depending on the subject you get.
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    1
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    Part III: Section Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    One Last Note about Vocabulary 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    And that note is, study more vocabulary! All the techniques discussed
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    above are useful, but if you don’t know the words, their effectiveness will 2
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    be greatly reduced. The other advantage to studying vocabulary is that you 2
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    can use these advanced words to make your Analytical essays sound more 2
    1 urbane and educated. For more advice on how to improve your essays, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    turn to Chapter 6 and start reading. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    2
    2
    1
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    1
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    2
    1
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    www.petersons.com
    Take It
    to the Next Level
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    2
    2
    1
    Here There Be Wyverns
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    (and other Difficult Words) 2
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    Graduate programs use GRE scores in a bewildering variety of ways, but
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    in the end it all basically comes down to making piles. Graduate programs 2
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    start out with a huge pile of applicants, and they need to do things to make 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 this big pile smaller. The big pile gets whittled down one way or another, 2
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    and when it gets down to a manageable size, then people start to get 2
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    seriously considered.
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    Your GRE score is one easy, easy way to whittle down a pile. Viewed this 2
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    way, you can see that your goal is to have a GRE score good enough to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    keep from getting placed on the wrong pile. Some programs employ the
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    1 combined Quantitative and Verbal scores, which is good for you because it 2
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    is easier to gain points on the math side than it is on the verbal side. If you 2
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    wanted to boost your score by about 100 points, you could shoot for a 2
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    70-point improvement in math and a 30-point increase in verbal. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    A higher number of humanities programs require the GRE, so the major 2
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    Alert!

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    proportion of people taking the test are better at the verbal portion than 2
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    1 the math portion. This verbal-centric skew makes it harder to get a high 2
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    verbal score, since relatively speaking most people are doing better on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    that section than on the math section. 2
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    1 Other graduate programs—like those with the word “English” in
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    them—are often not concerned about your Quantitative score. These 2
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    programs are going to whittle down their piles based on Verbal and 2
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    perhaps Analytical scores. If this is the case for you, then gunning for a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    high Verbal score is the right plan. However, if the program is more
    1 concerned with overall score, keep in mind that it will be easier to gain
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    extra points in the math portion. 2
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    161
    Part III: Section Review

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    Getting a high score in the GRE Verbal section—high 600s to low 700s—is 2
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    not very simple, since it often boils down to one word. To be more precise, 2
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    it comes down to one word that means all words: vocabulary.
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    A 112345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Simple Formula to Make Medium Verbal
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    2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Problems Harder: Use Tougher Words 2
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    There are no different question types to separate medium problems from 2
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    1
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    hard ones. Antonyms, analogies, and sentence completions will all have 2
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    the same format, but instead of the antonym BULKY you’ll have the word 2
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    CORPULENT. Both words mean the same thing, but corpulent is a more 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    difficult word. Analogies will still be formed using the common 2
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    relationships described on page 144, but once again the words used will be 2
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    tougher and not as commonly known. Ditto for sentence completions, as 2
    2
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    answer choices will come from the same stockpile of advanced vocabulary. 2
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    The emphasis on tougher words will be slightest for reading comprehen-
    1 sion, but even there passages may feature a large amount of technical and 2
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    scientific jargon within the text. It will be like the coral/zooxanthellae 2
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    passage on pages 156–157, but with even more terms such as “photosyn- 2
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    thesizing organism” bandied about.
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    The adaptive format, and the manner in which the GRE Verbal starts, only 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    exacerbates the problem. The first 3–6 problems you’ll face will be either 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 antonyms or analogies, and if you’re shooting for a high score it’s going to 2
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    be important to get most of these questions right. Since these questions are 2
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    little more than vocabulary problems, knowing the words used on these 2
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    problems is going to take a combination of knowledge and luck. The 2
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    knowledge will come in the form of a good lexicon, and the luck will come 2
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    since not everybody knows the definition of every word. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    Note

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    Notice the term exacerbates is used instead of increases. To help your 2
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    score, it makes sense to jump on the GRE Tough Words bandwagon. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
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    Since vocabulary is the key to getting a high Verbal score, the bulk of this 2
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    1 chapter will focus on expanding the list of tough words you know. Before 2
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    this occurs, though, a brief note about the various question types will be 2
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    covered. 2
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    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    162 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    Similar Strategies, Harder Problems 2
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    The question-specific verbal strategies—covered earlier in this chapter—
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    are the same for antonyms, analogies, and sentence completions. You 2
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    always want to make a link between the stem words on an analogy, 2
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    regardless of when the question shows up and how difficult the words are. 2
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    Similarly, the approach to antonyms is the same: Focus on the stem word, 2
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    decide whether or not you know the meaning of this word, and then 2
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    proceed accordingly.
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    2
    2
    1
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    Difficult SC problems will typically have two blanks instead of just one, 2
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    making you search for clues for both missing words. When the test decides 2
    1 to get really clever, you get a situation where you can’t figure out either 2
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    blank because they are linked. The sample sentence below shows this in 2
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    action:
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    The guests were __________ at the __________ state of the basement. 2
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    1 The problem here isn’t that you can’t place any words. Rather, many 2
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    different combinations of words work in the two places, since the clue to 2
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    the first blank (a missing verb) is the second blank (an adjective describing 2
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    the basement). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The guests could be: 2
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    delighted at the magnificent state of the basement. 2
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    1 disgusted at the slovenly state of the basement.
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    bemused at the whimsical state of the basement. 2
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    It’s uncertain how you get a basement to be whimsical, but if you could, 2
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    then the last choice works just as well as the others. 2
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    If you come across one of these two-blank SC questions, congratulate
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    1 yourself for doing well on the test so far, since you wouldn’t get one of 2
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    these puppies if you were answering questions poorly. After you are done 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    patting your back, determine what the link between the two missing words 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    is. This link is usually just “similar” (like in the example above) or 2
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    1 “opposite.” An opposite SC would resemble:
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The guests were not __________ at the __________ state of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    basement. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The “not” flips the connection between the two words from similar to 2
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    1 opposite.
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 163
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    Part III: Section Review

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    The guests were __________ at the __________ state of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    basement. 2
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    A. appalled. .tidy 2
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    B. appreciative. .flooded 2
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    C. befuddled. .paltry
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    2
    2
    1
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    D. enthralled. .singular 2
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    E. ambivalent. .mildewed 2
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    1 Once you figure out the link, it’s time to hit the answer choices and start 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sifting through the vocabulary. Choice (A) has opposites, so that’s a wrong 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    link. Choices (B) and (E) don’t work very well, as the second term does not 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    do a very good job of justifying the first one. Also, flooded and mildewed 2
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    are two things that happen to real basements, so these answer choices are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    probably there to distract you. Paring things down to two good choices, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (C) and (D), there is no reason to think people would be confused 2
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    (befuddled) by a spare (paltry) basement. Choice (D) is the best answer, as 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 something singular (wondrous) would cause people to be enthralled 2
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    (captivated). 2
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    After you survive the first eight or so questions on the GRE Verbal, you’ll 2
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    get your first shot at the Reading Comp passage. If you are scoring very
    well, this passage should be a tough RC passage, which means a densely 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    worded passage on some arcane topic. One way to handle this type of
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    1 dense passage is to jot down notes on a sheet of scratch paper. Note-taking 2
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    can help you understand the passage better, although it will slow you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 down a bit. However, imagine that you are in a classroom and listening to 2
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    a professor drone on about a boring subject that you know will be on the 2
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    mid-term. Will you understand the topic better if you take notes, or if you 2
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    don’t? Again, this takes additional time, but if you are gunning for a high 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    score, you should have the time if your wide knowledge of vocabulary 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    helped you sail through the antonym problems. 2
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    Jotting down a quick note about each paragraph will help you understand 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the content of each one. This will come in handy when you tackle the RC 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    problems. It is highly unlikely that any of these problems will be a question
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as straightforward as, “What would be a good title for this essay?” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Instead, expect to see convoluted problems like:
    2
    1
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    “If Dr. Andersen changes her mind about the social behavior of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nudibranchs, then which of the following statements would she be most 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    likely to agree with?” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Faced with this twisted piece of writing, you would first have to go into the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passage to the section where Dr. Andersen discusses nudibranchs and/or 2
    1 social behavior. Then you would have to infer what she thinks about it, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    164 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    figure out what the opposite of that is, and then look through the answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices to find the paraphrased answer that matches this opposite 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    inference.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You would have to infer what Dr. Andersen thinks because it is very 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Tip
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    doubtful anything will be given to you on a tough RC question. Nothing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will just be waiting in the passage; you will have to take the clues in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passage and use them to deduce the information
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you need. 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The additional work required to answer a hard RC problem makes these 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 questions more involved and time-consuming. Yet they are still very
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    solvable if you take the time to look back into the passage and infer the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer that you need. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Free Words! Free Words!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 To acquire a comprehensive list of all the words that might appear on the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    GRE, simply go down to your local bookstore and look for a dictionary of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    at least 1,500 pages. For a slightly smaller list of advanced words, try the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    set below. There’s no way to tell which batch of words you will get on your
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    particular GRE, but any increase in your stockpile of tough words 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    increases your odds of succeeding on the test. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 To really get the most out of this list, write out each word and then provide 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a definition and sample sentence. You can put this list of words in a 2
    2
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    1 notebook, handheld PDA, or plain old flash cards. Use whatever media 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you are most comfortable with, but make sure to compile the list in a way 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that makes it easy for you to review the contents. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you are willing to take the time, get a thesaurus and include a list of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 possible antonyms for each applicable word. Some words won’t have 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    antonyms, but many of them will, and studying the antonyms of difficult 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    words has obvious, obvious advantages. Some of those antonyms will be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hard words themselves, giving you an easy way to increase your 2
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    1 vocabulary even further.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 165
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Word List 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin Latin brevis 5 short. Also found in English brevity. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abbreviate (verb) To make briefer, to shorten. Because time 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 was running out, the speaker was forced to abbreviate
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his remarks. abbreviation (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 aberration (noun) A deviation from what is normal or
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    natural, an abnormality. Jack’s extravagant lunch at 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Lutece was an aberration from his usual meal, a peanut 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 butter sandwich and a diet soda. aberrant (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abeyance (noun) A temporary lapse in activity; suspension. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In the aftermath of the bombing, all normal activities 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    were held in abeyance. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abjure (verb) To renounce or reject; to officially disclaim.
    1 While being tried by the inquisition in 1633, Galileo 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abjured all his writings holding that Earth and other 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    planets revolved around the sun. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin Latin abradare 5 to scrape. Also found in English abrasive. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abrade (verb) To irritate by rubbing; to wear down in spirit. 2
    2
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    1 Olga’s “conditioning facial” abraded Sabrina’s skin so 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    severely that she vowed never to let anyone’s hands 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    touch her face again. abrasion (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 abridge (verb) To shorten, to reduce. The Bill of Rights is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    designed to prevent Congress from abridging the rights 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of Americans. abridgment (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    abrogate (verb) To nullify, to abolish. During World War II, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the United States abrogated the rights of Japanese 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Americans by detaining them in internment camps. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abrogation (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    abscond (verb) To make a secret departure, to elope. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Theresa will never forgive her daughter, Elena, for 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    absconding to Miami with Philip when they were 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    only 17.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accretion (noun) A gradual build-up or enlargement. My 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mother’s house is a mess due to her steady accretion of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bric-a-brac and her inability to throw anything away. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    166 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    adjunct (noun) Something added to another thing, but not a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    part of it; an associate or assistant. While Felix and Fritz 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    were adjuncts to Professor Himmelman during his 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    experiments in electrodynamics, they did not receive 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    credit when the results were published. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 adroit (adjective) Skillful, adept. The writer Laurie Colwin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was particularly adroit at concocting love stories involv- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 ing admirable and quirky female heroines and men who
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    deserve them. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    adulterate (verb) To corrupt, to make impure. Unlike the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    chickens from the large poultry companies, Murray’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    free-roaming chickens have not been adulterated with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hormones and other additives. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Latin vertere 5 to turn. Also found in English adversary, adverse,
    Origin reverse, vertical, and vertigo. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    adversary (noun) An enemy or opponent. When the former 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Soviet Union became an American ally, the United States 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    lost its last major international adversary. adverse
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    aesthete (noun) Someone devoted to beauty and to beautiful
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 things. A renowned aesthete, Oscar Wilde was the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    center of a group that glorified beauty and adopted the
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    slogan “art for art’s sake.” aesthetic (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    affability (noun) The quality of being easy to talk to and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gracious. Affability is a much-desired trait in any 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    profession that involves dealing with many people on a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 daily basis. affable (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    affected (adjective) False, artificial. At one time, Japanese 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    women were taught to speak in an affected high-pitched 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    voice, which was thought girlishly attractive. affect 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (verb), affectation (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    affinity (noun) A feeling of shared attraction, kinship; a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    similarity. When they first fell in love, Andrew and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Tanya marveled over their affinity for bluegrass music, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    obscure French poetry, and beer taken with a squirt of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lemon juice. People often say there is a striking affinity 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    between dogs and their owners (but please don’t tell
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Clara that she and her bassett hound are starting to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    resemble each other).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 167
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    aggrandize (verb) To make bigger or greater; to inflate. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When he was mayor of New York City, Ed Koch was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    renowned for aggrandizing his accomplishments and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    strolling through city events shouting, “How’m I 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    doing?” aggrandizement (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 agitation (noun) A disturbance; a disturbing feeling of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    upheaval and excitement. After the CEO announced the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 coming layoffs, the employees’ agitation was evident as
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    they remained in the auditorium talking excitedly 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    among themselves. agitated (adjective), agitate (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    alias (noun) An assumed name. Determined not to reveal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his upper-class roots, Harold Steerforth Hetherington 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    III went under the alias of “Hound Dog” when playing 2
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    trumpet in his blues band. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    allegiance (noun) Loyalty or devotion shown to one’s
    1 government or to a person, group, or cause. At the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    moving naturalization ceremony, forty-three new Ameri- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cans from twenty-five lands swore allegiance to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    United States.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    allocate (verb) To apportion for a specific purpose; to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    distribute. The president talked about the importance of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 education and health care in his State of the Union 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    address, but, in the end, the administration did not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    allocate enough resources for these pressing concerns. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    allocation (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    amalgamate (verb) To blend thoroughly. The tendency of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    grains to sort when they should mix makes it difficult for
    1 manufacturers to create powders that are amalgamated. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    amalgamation (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ameliorate (verb) To make something better or more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tolerable. The living conditions of the tenants were 2
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    1 2
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    certainly ameliorated when the landlord finally installed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    washing machines and dryers in the basement. ameliora- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tion (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
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    amortize (verb) To pay off or reduce a debt gradually 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 through periodic payments. If you don’t need to take a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lump sum tax deduction, it’s best to amortize large 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    business expenditures by spreading the cost out over
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    several years. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    168 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    amplify (verb) To enlarge, expand, or increase. Uncertain as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to whether they understood, the students asked the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    teacher to amplify his explanation. amplification (noun). 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Greek chronos 5 time. Also found in English chronic, chronicle,
    Origin chronograph, chronology, and synchronize.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    anachronistic (adjective) Out of the proper time. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 reference, in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, to “the clock
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    striking twelve” is anachronistic, since there were no 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    striking timepieces in ancient Rome. anachronism (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    anarchy (noun) Absence of law or order. For several months 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    after the Nazi government was destroyed, there was no 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    effective government in parts of Germany, and anarchy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ruled. anarchic (adjective). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    animosity (noun) Hostility, resentment. During the last
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    debate, the candidates could no longer disguise their 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    animosity and began to trade accusations and insults. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    anomaly (noun) Something different or irregular. The tiny 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    planet Pluto, orbiting next to the giants Jupiter, Saturn, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and Neptune, has long appeared to be an anomaly. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    anomalous (adjective). 2
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    1
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    antagonism (noun) Hostility, conflict, opposition. As more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and more reporters investigated the Watergate scandal, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    antagonism between the Nixon administration and the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    press increased. antagonistic (adjective), antagonize 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Greek pathos 5 suffering. Also found in English apathy, empathy,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin pathetic, pathos, and sympathy. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    antipathy (noun) A long-held feeling of dislike or aversion. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When asked why he didn’t call for help immediately 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    after his wife fell into a coma, the defendant emphasized 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his wife’s utter antipathy to doctors. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    apprehension (noun) A feeling of fear or foreboding; an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arrest. The peculiar feeling of apprehension that Harold 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Pinter creates in his plays derives as much from the long 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    silences between speeches as from the speeches them- 2
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    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    selves. The policewoman’s dramatic apprehension of the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gunman took place in full view of the midtown lunch 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    crowd. apprehend (verb).
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    arabesque (noun) Intricate decorative patterns involving 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    intertwining lines and sometimes incorporating flowers, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    animals, and fruits. Borders of gold and fanciful 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arabesques surround the Arabic script on every page of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this ancient edition of the Koran. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Latin arbiter 5 judge. Also found in English arbiter, arbitrage, and
    Origin arbitrate. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arbitrary (adjective) Based on random or merely personal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    preference. Both computers cost the same and had the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 same features, so in the end I made an arbitrary decision 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about which one to buy. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    archaic (adjective) Old-fashioned, obsolete. Those who
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    believe in “open marriage” often declare that they will 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not be bound by archaic laws and religious rituals, but 2
    2
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    1 state instead that love alone should bring two people 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    together. archaism (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ardor (noun) A strong feeling of passion, energy, or zeal. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    The young revolutionary proclaimed his convictions
    with an ardor that excited the crowd. ardent (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    arid (adjective) Very dry; boring and meaningless. The arid 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 climate of Arizona makes farming difficult. Some find 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the law a fascinating topic, but for me it is an arid 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discipline. aridity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Latin articulus I 5 joint, division. Also found in English arthritis,
    Origin article, and inarticulate. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 articulate (adjective) To express oneself clearly and effec- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    tively. Compared to George Bush, with his stammering
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and his frequently incomplete sentences, Bill Clinton 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    was considered a highly articulate president.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    asperity (noun) Harshness, severity. Total silence at the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dinner table, baths in icy water, prayers five times a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    day—these practices all contributed to the asperity of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    life in the monastery. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 assail (verb) To attack with blows or words. When the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    president’s cabinet members rose to justify the case for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    military intervention in Iraq, they were assailed by many
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    audience members who were critical of U.S. policy. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    assailant (noun).
    2
    170 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    assay (verb) To analyze for particular components; to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    determine weight, quality etc. The jeweler assayed the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stone pendant Gwyneth inherited from her mother and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    found it to contain a topaz of high quality. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    assimilate (verb) To absorb into a
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    system or culture. New 2
    1 York City has assimilated one group of immigrants after 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    another, from the Jewish, German, and Irish immigrants 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 who arrived at the turn of the last century to the waves
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of Mexican and Latin American immigrants who 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arrived in the 1980s. assimilated (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    assuage (verb) To ease, to pacify. Knowing that the pilot’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    record was perfect did little to assuage Linnet’s fear of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    flying in the two-seater airplane. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    audacious (adjective) Bold, daring, adventurous. Her plan 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to cross the Atlantic single-handed in a twelve-foot
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sailboat was an audacious, if not reckless, one. audacity 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    authoritarian (adjective) Favoring or demanding blind obe- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dience to leaders. Despite most Americans’ strong belief 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in democracy, the American government has sometimes 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    supported authoritarian regimes in other countries. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    1 authoritarianism (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    authoritative (adjective) Official, conclusive. For over five 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decades, American parents regarded Doctor Benjamin 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Spock as the most authoritative voice on baby and child 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    care. authority (noun), authorize (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    avenge (verb) To exact a punishment for or on behalf of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    someone. In Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, the ghost of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the dead king of Denmark visits his son, Prince Hamlet, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and urges him to avenge his murder. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    aver (verb) To claim to be true; to avouch. The fact that the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    key witness averred the defendant’s innocence is what 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ultimately swayed the jury to deliver a “not guilty” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    verdict. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    avow (verb) To declare boldly. Immediately after Cyrus 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    avowed his atheism at our church fund-raiser, there was
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a long, uncomfortable silence. avowal (noun), avowed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (adjective).
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    Part III: Section Review

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    barren (adjective) Desolate; infertile. The subarctic tundra 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is a barren wasteland inhabited only by lichens and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mosses. Women who try to conceive in their 40s are 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    often barren and must turn to artificial means of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    producing a child. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 belligerent (adjective) Quarrelsome, combative. Mrs. Juni- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    per was so belligerent toward the clerks at the local 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 stores that they cringed when they saw her coming.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    belligerent (noun) An opposing army, a party waging war. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Union and Confederate forces were the belligerents 2
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    1
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    in the American Civil War. 2
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    1 Latin bene 5 well. Also found in English benediction, benefactor, 2
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    Word Origin beneficent, beneficial, benefit, and benign. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    benevolent (adjective) Wishing or doing good. In old age,
    1 Carnegie used his wealth for benevolent purposes, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    donating large sums to found libraries and schools 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    around the country. benevolence (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    berate (verb) To scold or criticize harshly. The judge angrily 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    berated the two lawyers for their childish and unprofes- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sional behavior. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    boggle (verb) To overwhelm with amazement. The ability of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    physicists to isolate the most infinitesimal particles of 2
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    matter truly boggles the mind. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 bogus (adjective) Phony, a sham. Senior citizens are often 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the target of telemarketing scams pushing bogus invest- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ment opportunities. 2
    1 2
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    bombastic (adjective) Inflated or pompous in style. Old- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fashioned bombastic political speeches don’t work on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    television, which demands a more intimate, personal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    style of communication. bombast (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
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    boor (noun) Crude, insensitive and overbearing. Harold 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 was well-known to be a boor; at parties he horrified 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    people with stories of his past sexual exploits and old, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    off-color jokes. boorish (adjective).
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    brazenly (adverb) Acting with disrespectful boldness. Some 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    say that the former White House intern brazenly threw
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    herself at the president, but the American public will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    probably never know the full truth. brazen (adjective). 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    broach (verb) To bring up an issue for discussion, to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    propose. Knowing my father’s strictness about adhering 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to a budget, I just can’t seem to broach the subject of my 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    massive credit-card debt. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    burgeon (verb) To bloom, literally
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or figuratively. Due to 2
    1 the extremely mild winter, the forsythia burgeoned as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    early as March. The story of two prison inmates in 2
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    2
    2
    1 Manuel Puig’s play The Kiss of The Spiderwoman is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    testimony that tenderness can burgeon in the most 2
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    unlikely places. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    burnish (verb) To shine by polishing, literally or figura- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tively. After stripping seven layers of old paint off the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    antique door, the carpenter stained the wood and 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    burnished it to a rich hue. When Bill Gates, the 2
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    wealthiest man in the country, decided to endorse the 2
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    Big Bertha line of Golf Clubs, many suggested that he 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    was trying to burnish his image as a “regular guy.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    buttress (noun) Something that supports or strengthens. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    The endorsement of the American Medical Association
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    is a powerful buttress for the claims made on behalf of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    this new medicine. buttress (verb).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1 cacophony (noun) Discordant sounds; dissonance. In the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    minutes before classes start, the high school’s halls are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    filled with a cacophony of shrieks, shouts, banging 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    locker doors, and pounding feet. cacophonous (adjec- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tive). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    cadge (verb) To beg for, to sponge. Few in our crowd want
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to go out on the town with Piper, since he routinely 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cadges cigarettes, subway tokens, and drinks. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    calibrate (verb) To determine or mark graduations (of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    measuring instrument); to adjust or finely tune. We tried 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    to calibrate the heating to Rufus’s liking, but he still 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ended up shivering in our living room. calibration 2
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    1 (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    castigate (verb) To chastise; to punish severely. The editor 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    castigated Bob for repeatedly failing to meet his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 deadlines. castigation (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Part III: Section Review

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    catalytic (adjective) Bringing about, causing, or producing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    some result. The conditions for revolution existed in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    America by 1765; the disputes about taxation that arose 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    during the following decade were the catalytic events 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that sparked the rebellion. catalyze (verb). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin Greek kaustikos 5 burning. Also found in English holocaust.
    2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 caustic (adjective) Burning, corrosive. No pretensions were 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    safe when the famous satirist H. L. Mencken unleashed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his caustic wit.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    chaos (noun) Disorder, confusion, chance. The first few 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    moments after the explosion were pure chaos: No one 2
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    was sure what had happened, and the area was filled 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    with people running and yelling. chaotic (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 charisma (noun) Dynamic charm or appeal. Eva Peron was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    such a fiery orator and had so much charisma that she 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    commanded an enormous political following. charis- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matic (adjective). 2
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    chary (adjective) Slow to accept, cautious. Yuan was chary 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about going out with Xinhua, since she had been badly 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hurt in her previous relationship. 2
    1 2
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    chronology (noun) An arrangement of events by order of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    occurrence, a list of dates; the science of time. If you ask
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Susan about her 2-year-old son, she will give you a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    chronology of his accomplishments and childhood
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    illnesses, from the day he was born to the present. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    village of Copan was where Mayan astronomical 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 learning, as applied to chronology, achieved its most 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accurate expression in the famous Mayan calendar. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    chronological (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    churlish (adjective) Coarse and ill-mannered. Few journal-
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ists were eager to interview the aging film star, since he 2
    2
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    was reputed to be a churlish, uncooperative subject. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    churl (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    Latin circus 5 circle. Also found in English circumference, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    circumnavigate, circumscribe, and circumvent.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circumspect (adjective) Prudent, cautious. After he had 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    been acquitted of the sexual harassment charge, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sergeant realized he would have to be more circumspect 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in his dealings with the female cadets. circumspection 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 cleave (verb) NOTE: A tricky verb that can mean either to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stick closely together or to split apart. (Pay attention to 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 context.) The more abusive his father became, the more
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Timothy cleaved to his mother and refused to let her out 2
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    of his sight. Sometimes a few words carelessly spoken 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are enough to cleave a married couple and leave the 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    relationship in shambles. cleavage (noun). 2
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    coagulant (noun) Any material that causes another to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    thicken or clot. Hemophilia is characterized by excessive 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bleeding from even the slightest cut and is caused by a 2
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    lack of one of the coagulants necessary for blood 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    clotting. coagulate (verb).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    coalesce (verb) To fuse, to unite. The music we know as jazz 2
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    coalesced from diverse elements from many musical 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    cultures, including those of West Africa, America, and
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    Europe. coalescence (noun). 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    coerce (verb) To force someone either to do something or to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    refrain from doing something. The Miranda ruling 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    prevents police from coercing a confession by forcing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    them to read criminals their rights. coercion (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    cogent (adjective) Forceful and convincing. The committee
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    members were won over to the project by the cogent 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arguments of the chairman. cogency (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Latin mensura 5 to measure. Also found in English measure, 2
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    Word Origin immeasurable, immense, and mensuration. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    commensurate (adjective) Aligned with, proportional. Many 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Ph.D.s in the humanities do not feel their paltry salaries 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 are commensurate with their abilities, their experience, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 or the heavy workload they are asked to bear. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 175
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    commingle (verb) To blend, to mix. Just as he had when he 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was only five years old, Elmer did not allow any of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    foods on his plate to commingle: The beans must not 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    merge with the rice nor the chicken rub shoulders with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the broccoli! 2
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    2
    1 complaisant (adjective) Tending to bow to others’ wishes; 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    amiable. Of the two Dashwood sisters, Elinor was the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more complaisant, often putting
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 the strictures of society 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and family above her own desires. complaisance (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    compound (verb) To intensify, to
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    exacerbate. When you 2
    2
    1
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    make a faux pas, my father advised me, don’t compound 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the problem by apologizing profusely; just say you’re 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sorry and get on with life!
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    conceivable (adjective) Possible, imaginable. It’s possible to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    find people with every conceivable interest by surfing the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 World Wide Web—from fans of minor film stars to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    those who study the mating habits of crustaceans. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    conception (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    concur (verb) To agree, to approve. We concur that a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    toddler functions best on a fairly reliable schedule;
    however, my husband tends to be a bit more rigid than I 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 am. concurrence (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    condensation (noun) A reduction to a denser form (from steam 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to water); an abridgment of a literary work. The conden- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sation of humidity on the car’s windshield made it difficult 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for me to see the road. It seems as though every beach 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    house I’ve ever rented features a shelf full of Reader’s Di- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gest condensations of b-grade novels. condense (verb). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    condescending (adjective) Having an attitude of superiority
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    toward another; patronizing. “What a cute little car!” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    she remarked in a condescending fashion. “I suppose it’s
    1 the nicest one someone like you could afford!” conde- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scension (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    condone (verb) To overlook, to permit to happen. Schools
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with Zero Tolerance policies do not condone alcohol, 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    drugs, vandalism, or violence on school grounds.
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    congruent (adjective) Coinciding; harmonious. Fortunately, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the two employees who had been asked to organize the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    department had congruent views on the budget. congru- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ence (noun).
    2
    176 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    Latin jungere 5 to join. Also found in English injunction, junction, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    and juncture.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    conjunction (noun) The occurrence of two or more events 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    together in time or space; in astronomy, the point at 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which two celestial bodies have the least separation. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Low inflation, occurring in conjunction with low 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    unemployment and relatively low interest rates, has 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 enabled the United States to enjoy a long period of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sustained economic growth. The moon is in conjunction 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the sun when it is new;
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    if the conjunction is perfect, 2
    2
    1
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    an eclipse of the sun will occur. conjoin (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    consolation (noun) Relief or comfort in sorrow or suffering. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Although we miss our dog very much, it is a consolation 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    to know that she died quickly, without much suffering. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    console (verb).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    consternation (noun) Shock, amazement, dismay. When a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    voice in the back of the church shouted out, “I know 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    why they should not be married!” the entire gathering 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    was thrown into consternation.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    convergence (noun) The act of coming together in unity or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    similarity. A remarkable example of evolutionary conver- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gence can be seen in the shark and the dolphin, two sea
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    creatures that developed from different origins to 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    become very similar in form and appearance. converge 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (verb).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Latin vivere 5 to live. Also found in English revive, vital, vivid, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin vivisection. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    conviviality (noun) Fond of good company and eating and
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    drinking. The conviviality of my fellow employees 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    seemed to turn every staff meeting into a party, complete
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with snacks, drinks, and lots of hearty laughter. conviv- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ial (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Latin volvere 5 to roll. Also found in English devolve, involve, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin revolution, revolve, and voluble. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    convoluted (adjective) Twisting, complicated, intricate. In- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    come tax law has become so convoluted that it’s easy for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    people to violate it completely by accident. convolute 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (verb), convolution (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    cordon (verb) To form a protective or restrictive barrier. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Well before the Academy Awards ceremony began, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    police cordoned off the hordes of fans who were 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    desperate to ogle the arriving stars. cordon (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    corral (verb) To enclose, to collect,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to gather. Tyrone 2
    1 couldn’t enjoy the wedding at all, since he spent most of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his time corralling his two children into the reception 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 room and preventing them from running amok through
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Potters’ mansion. corral (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    corroborating (adjective) Supporting with evidence; confirm- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ing. A passerby who had witnessed the crime gave 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    corroborating testimony about the presence of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accused person. corroborate (verb), corroboration (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    corrosive (adjective) Eating away, gnawing, or destroying. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Years of poverty and hard work had a corrosive effect on
    1 her strength and beauty. corrode (verb), corrosion 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cosmopolitanism (noun) International sophistication; world- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    liness. Budapest is known for its cosmopolitanism, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    perhaps because it was the first Eastern European city to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    be more open to capitalism and influences from the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 West. cosmopolitan (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    covert (adjective) Secret, clandestine. The CIA has often 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    been criticized for its covert operations in the domestic 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    policies of foreign countries, such as the failed Bay of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Pigs operation in Cuba. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    covetous (adjective) Envious, particularly of another’s pos- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    sessions. Benita would never admit to being covetous of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    my new sable jacket, but I found it odd that she couldn’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    refrain from trying it on each time we met. covet (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    craven (adjective) Cowardly. Local Gay and Lesbian activ- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ists were outraged by the craven behavior of a policeman 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    who refused to come to the aid of an HIV-positive 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accident victim. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    credulous (adjective) Ready to believe; gullible. Elaine was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not very credulous of the explanation Serge gave for his
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    acquisition of the Matisse lithograph. credulity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    cryptic (adjective) Puzzling, ambiguous. I was puzzled by 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the cryptic message left on my answering machine about 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “a shipment of pomegranates from an anonymous 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    donor.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    culmination (noun) The climax.
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    The Los Angeles riots, in 2
    1 the aftermath of the Rodney King verdict, were the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    culmination of long-standing racial tensions between the 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 residents of South Central LA and the police. culminate
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (verb). 2
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    culpable (adjective) Deserving blame, guilty. Although he 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    committed the crime, because he was mentally ill he 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    should not be considered culpable for his actions. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    culpability (noun). 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    curmudgeon (noun) A crusty, ill-tempered person. Todd 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hated to drive with his Uncle Jasper, a notorious
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    curmudgeon, who complained non-stop about the 2
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    air-conditioning and Todd’s driving. curmudgeonly (ad- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    jective). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cursory (adjective) Hasty and superficial. Detective Martinez 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was rebuked by his superior officer for drawing conclu- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    sions about the murder after only a cursory examination 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 of the crime scene.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    debilitating (adjective) Weakening; sapping the strength of. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    One can’t help but marvel at the courage Steven 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Hawking displays in the face of such a debilitating 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    disease as ALS. debilitate (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    Word Origin Latin celer 5 swift. Also found in English accelerate and celerity. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decelerate (verb) To slow down. Randall didn’t decelerate
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    enough on the winding roads, and he ended up smashing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his new sports utility vehicle into a guard rail. decelera- 2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tion (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decimation (noun) Almost complete destruction. Michael 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Moore’s documentary Roger and Me chronicles the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decimation of the economy of Flint, Michigan, after the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    closing of a General Motors factory. decimate (verb).
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decry (verb) To criticize or condemn. Cigarette ads aimed at 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    youngsters have led many to decry the unfair marketing 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tactics of the tobacco industry. 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    defamation (noun) Act of harming someone by libel or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    slander. When the article in The National Enquirer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    implied that she was somehow responsible for her 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    husband’s untimely death, Renata instructed her lawyer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to sue the paper for defamation of character. defame 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 (verb).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    defer (verb) To graciously submit to another’s will; to 2
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    2
    2
    1 delegate. In all matters relating to the children’s religious
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    education, Joy deferred to her husband, since he clearly 2
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    cared more about giving them a solid grounding in 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Judaism. deference (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    deliberate (verb) To think about an issue before reaching a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decision. The legal pundits covering the O.J. Simpson 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    trial were shocked by the short time the jury took to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    deliberate after a trial that lasted months. deliberation 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    demagogue (noun) A leader who plays dishonestly on the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    prejudices and emotions of his followers. Senator Joseph 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    McCarthy was a demagogue who used the paranoia and
    biases of the anti-communist 1950s as a way of seizing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    fame and considerable power in Washington. demagogu-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ery (noun). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Greek demos 5 people. Also found in English democracy, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    demographic, and endemic.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    demographic (adjective) Relating to the statistical study of 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    population. Three demographic groups have been the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    intense focus of marketing strategy: baby boomers, born 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    between 1946 and 1964; baby busters, or the youth
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    market, born between 1965 and 1976; and a group 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    referred to as tweens, those born between 1977 and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1983. demography (noun), demographics (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    demonstratively (adverb) Openly displaying feeling. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    young congressman demonstratively campaigned for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reelection, kissing every baby and hugging every senior 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    citizen at the Saugerties Chrysanthemum festival. demon- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    strative (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    180 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    derisive (adjective) Expressing ridicule or scorn. Many 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    women’s groups were derisive of Avon’s choice of a male 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    CEO, since the company derives its $5.1 billion in sales 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from an army of female salespeople. derision (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    derivative (adjective) Imitating or borrowed
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from a particu- 2
    1 lar source. When a person first writes poetry, her poems 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are apt to be derivative of whatever poetry she most 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 enjoys reading. derivation (noun), derive (verb).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    desiccate (verb) To dry out, to wither; to drain of vitality. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The long drought thoroughly desiccated our garden; 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what was once a glorious Eden was now a scorched and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hellish wasteland. A recent spate of books has debunked 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the myth that menopause desiccates women and af- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    firmed, instead, that women often reach heights of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    creativity in their later years. desiccant (noun), desicca- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 tion (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    despotic (adjective) Oppressive and tyrannical. During the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    despotic reign of Idi Amin in the 1970s, an estimated 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    200,000 Ugandans were killed. despot (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    desultory (adjective) Disconnected, aimless. Tina’s few des-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ultory stabs at conversation fell flat as Guy just sat there, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    1 stony-faced; it was a disastrous first date.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    deviate (verb) To depart from a standard or norm. Having 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    agreed upon a spending budget for the company, we 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mustn’t deviate from it; if we do, we may run out of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    money before the year ends. deviation (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diatribe (noun) Abusive or bitter speech or writing. While 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    angry conservatives dismissed Susan Faludi’s Backlash
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as a feminist diatribe, it is actually a meticulously 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    researched book. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diffident (adjective) Hesitant, reserved, shy. Someone with a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diffident personality is most likely to succeed in a career 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that involves little public contact. diffidence (noun).
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    digress (verb) To wander from the main path or the main 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    topic. My high school biology teacher loved to digress
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from science into personal anecdotes about his college 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    adventures. digression (noun), digressive (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 181
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dirge (noun) Song or hymn of grief. When Princess Diana 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was killed in a car crash, Elton John resurrected his hit 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    song “Candle in the Wind,” rewrote it as “Good-bye 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    England’s Rose,” and created one of the most widely 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    heard funeral dirges of all time. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 disabuse (verb) To correct a fallacy, to clarify. I hated to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disabuse Filbert, who is a passionate collector of musical 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 trivia, but I had to tell him that the Monkees hadn’t
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    played their own instruments on almost all of their 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    albums. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disburse (verb) To pay out or distribute (funds or property). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Jaime was flabbergasted when his father’s will disbursed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    all of the old man’s financial assets to Raymundo and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    left him with only a few sticks of furniture. disbursement 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 discern (verb) To detect, notice, or observe. With difficulty, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    I could discern the shape of a whale off the starboard 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bow, but it was too far away to determine its size or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    species. discernment (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    discordant (adjective) Characterized by conflict. Stories and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    films about discordant relationships that resolve them- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 selves happily are always more interesting than stories 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about content couples who simply stay content. discor- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dance (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    discourse (noun) Formal and orderly exchange of ideas, a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discussion. In the late twentieth century, cloning and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    other feats of genetic engineering became popular topics
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 of public discourse. discursive (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Latin credere 5 to believe. Also found in English credential,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin credible, credit, credo, credulous, and incredible. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discredit (verb) To cause disbelief in the accuracy of some 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    statement or the reliability of a person. Although many 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 people still believe in UFOs, among scientists the reports 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of “alien encounters” have been thoroughly discredited. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    discreet (adjective) Showing good judgment in speech and
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    behavior. Be discreet when discussing confidential busi- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ness matters—don’t talk among strangers on the eleva-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tor, for example. discretion (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    182 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    discrete (adjective) Separate, unconnected. Canadians get 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    peeved when people can’t seem to distinguish between 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Canada and the United States, forgetting that Canada 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    has its own discrete heritage and culture. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disparity (noun) Difference in
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quality or kind. There is often 2
    1 a disparity between the kind of serious, high-quality 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    television people say they want and the low-brow 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 programs they actually watch. disparate (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Latin simulare 5 to resemble. Also
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    found in English semblance, 2
    2
    1
    Word Origin
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    similarity, simulacrum, simultaneous, and verisimilitude.
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dissemble (verb) To pretend, to simulate. When the police 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    asked whether Nancy knew anything about the crime, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    she dissembled innocence. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dissipate (verb) To spread out or scatter. The windows and
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    doors were opened, allowing the smoke that had filled 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the room to dissipate. dissipation (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dissonance (noun) Lack of music harmony; lack of agree- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ment between ideas. Most modern music is character- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ized by dissonance, which many listeners find hard to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    enjoy. There is a noticeable dissonance between two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 common beliefs of most conservatives: their faith in
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    unfettered free markets and their preference for tradi- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tional social values. dissonant (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    distillation (noun) Something distilled, an essence or ex- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tract. In chemistry, a process that drives gas or vapor 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from liquids or solids. Sharon Olds’s poems are power-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ful distillations of motherhood and other primal experi- 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ences. In Mrs. Hornmeister’s chemistry class, our first 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    experiment was to create a distillation of carbon gas 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    from wood. distill (verb).
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diverge (verb) To move in different directions. Frost’s poem 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “The Road Not Taken” tells of the choice he made when 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood.” divergence 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun), divergent (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    diversify (verb) To balance by adding variety. Any financial 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    manager will recommend that you diversify your stock 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    portfolio by holding some less-volatile blue-chip stocks
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    along with more growth-oriented technology issues. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    diversification (noun), diversified (adjective).
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    Part III: Section Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    divest (verb) To rid (oneself) or be freed of property, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    authority, or title. In order to turn around its ailing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    company and concentrate on imaging, Eastman Kodak 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    divested itself of peripheral businesses in the areas of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    household products, clinical diagnostics, and pharma- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 ceuticals. divestiture (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    divulge (verb) To reveal. The people who count the votes for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the Oscar awards are under strict orders not to divulge
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the names of the winners. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dogmatic (adjective) Holding firmly to a particular set of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    beliefs with little or no basis. Believers in Marxist 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    doctrine tend to be dogmatic, ignoring evidence that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    contradicts their beliefs or explaining it away. dogma 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun), dogmatism (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dolt (noun) A stupid or foolish person. Due to his frequent
    1 verbal blunders, politician Dan Quayle was widely 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    considered to be a dolt. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin Latin dormire 5 to sleep. Also found in English dormitory. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dormant (adjective) Temporarily inactive, as if asleep. An 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eruption of Mt. Rainier, a dormant volcano in Washing- 2
    2
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    1 ton state, would cause massive, life-threatening mud 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    slides in the surrounding area. Bill preferred to think 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that his sex drive was dormant
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rather than extinct. 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dormancy (noun). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dross (noun) Something that is trivial or inferior; an 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    impurity. As a reader for the Paris Review, Julia spent 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 most of her time sifting through piles of manuscripts to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    separate the extraordinary poems from the dross. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dubious (adjective) Doubtful, uncertain. Despite the chair- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    man’s attempts to convince the committee members that 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his plan would succeed, most of them remained dubious. 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dubiety (noun).
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dupe (noun) Someone who is easily cheated. My cousin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Ravi is such a dupe; he actually gets excited when he
    1 receives those envelopes saying “Ravi Murtugudde, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    may have won a million dollars,” and he even goes so far 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as to try claiming his prize.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    184 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eccentricity (noun) Odd or whimsical behavior. Rock star 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Michael Jackson is now better known for his offstage 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eccentricities—such as sleeping in an oxygen tank, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    wearing a surgical mask, and building his own theme 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    park—than for his onstage performances. eccentric 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    edifying (adjective) Instructive, enlightening. Ariel would 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 never admit it to her high-brow friends, but she found
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the latest self-help best-seller edifying and actually 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    helpful. edification (noun), edify (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Latin facere 5 to do. Also found in English facility, factor, facsimile, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and faculty.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Take It to the Next Level


    efficacy (noun) The power to produce the desired effect. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    While teams have been enormously popular in the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 workplace, there are some who now question their 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    efficacy and say that “one head is better than ten.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    efficacious (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    effrontery (noun) Shameless boldness. The sports world 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was shocked when a pro basketball player had the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    effrontery to choke the head coach of his team during a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    practice session.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    elaborate (verb) To expand upon something; develop. One
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    characteristic of the best essayists is their ability to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    elaborate ideas through examples, lists, similes, small 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    variations, and even exaggerations. elaborate (adjec- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tive), elaboration (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    elegy (noun) A song or poem expressing sorrow. Thomas 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,” one 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the most famous elegies in Western literature, mourns 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    the unsung, inglorious lives of the souls buried in an
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    obscure, rustic graveyard. elegaic (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    embellish (verb) To enhance or exaggerate; to decorate. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    long-married couple told their stories in tandem, with 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the husband outlining the plot and the wife embellishing 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it with colorful details. embellished (adjective).
    2
    1
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 185
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    Part III: Section Review

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    embezzle (verb) To steal money or property that has been 2
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    entrusted to your care. The church treasurer was found 2
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    to have embezzled thousands of dollars by writing 2
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    1
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    phony checks on the church bank account. embezzle- 2
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    ment (noun). 2
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    2
    1 emollient (noun) Something that softens or soothes. She 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    used a hand cream as an emollient on her dry, 2
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    2
    2
    1 work-roughened hands. emollient (adjective).
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    empirical (adjective) Based on experience or personal obser- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vation. Although many people believe in ESP, scientists 2
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    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have found no empirical evidence of its existence. 2
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    empiricism (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    emulate (verb) To imitate or copy. The British band Oasis is 2
    2
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    quite open about their desire to emulate their idols, the 2
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    Beatles. emulation (noun).
    2
    1
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    encomium (noun) A formal expression of praise. For many 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    filmmakers, winning the Palm d’Or at the Cannes Film
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    Festival is considered the highest encomium. 2
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    enervate (verb) To reduce the energy or strength of someone 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    or something. The stress of the operation left her feeling 2
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    enervated for about two weeks. enervation (noun). 2
    1 2
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    engender (verb) To produce, to cause. Countless disagree- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    ments over the proper use of national forests and
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    parklands have engendered feelings of hostility between 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ranchers and environmentalists.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    enhance (verb) To improve in value or quality. New kitchen
    1 appliances will enhance your house and increase the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    amount of money you’ll make when you sell it. 2
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    enhancement (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    enigmatic (adjective) Puzzling, mysterious. Alain Resnais’ 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    enigmatic film Last Year at Marienbad sets up a puzzle 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that is never resolved: A man meets a woman at a hotel 2
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    and believes he once had an affair with her—-or did he? 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    enigma (noun). 2
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    1 enmity (noun) Hatred, hostility, ill will. Long-standing 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    enmity, like that between the Protestants and Catholics 2
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    1 2
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    in Northern Ireland, is difficult to overcome.
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    ensure (verb) To make certain; to guarantee. In order to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ensure a sufficient crop of programmers and engineers 2
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    for the future, the United States needs to raise the quality 2
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    1
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    of its math and science schooling. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    Word
    Latin aequus 5 equal. Also found in English equality, equanimity,
    Origin and equation. 2
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    2
    2
    1 equable (adjective) Steady, uniform. While many people
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    can’t see how Helena could possibly be attracted to 2
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    “Boring Bruno,” his equable nature is the perfect 2
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    2
    2
    1 complement to her volatile personality.
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    equivocate (verb) To use misleading or intentionally confus- 2
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    ing language. When Pedro pressed Renee for an answer 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    to his marriage proposal, she equivocated by saying, 2
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    “I’ve just got to know when your Mercedes will be out 2
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    of the shop!” equivocal (adjective), equivocation (noun). 2
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    1 2
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    epicure (noun) Someone who appreciates fine wine and fine 2
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    food, a gourmand. M.F.K. Fisher, a famous epicure, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    begins her book The Gastronomical Me by saying,
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    “There is a communion of more than bodies when bread 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    is broken and wine is drunk.” epicurean (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1 epithet (noun) Term or words used to characterize a person
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or thing, often in a disparaging way. In her recorded 2
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    phone conversations with Linda Tripp, Monica Lewinsky 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is said to have referred to President Clinton by a number 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of epithets, including “The Creep” and “The Big He.” 2
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    epithetical (adjective). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    Word Origin Latin radix 5 root. Also found in English radical. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eradicate (verb) To destroy completely. American society
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    has failed to eradicate racism, although some of its worst
    2
    1
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    effects have been reduced. eradication (noun). 2
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    erudition (noun) Extensive knowledge, usually acquired 2
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    1 from books. When Dorothea first saw Mr. Casaubon’s 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    voluminous library she was awed, but after their 2
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    marriage she quickly realized that erudition is no
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 substitute for originality. erudite (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 187
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    Part III: Section Review

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    esoterica (noun) Items of interest to a select group. The fish 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    symposium at St. Antony’s College in Oxford explored 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    all manner of esoterica relating to fish, as is evidenced in 2
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    1
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    presentations such as “The Buoyant Slippery Lipids of 2
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    the Escolar and Orange Roughy” or “Food on Board 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Whale Ships—from the Inedible to the Incredible.”
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    esoteric (adjective). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 espouse (verb) To take up as a cause; to adopt. No politician
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in America today will openly espouse racism, although 2
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    some behave and speak in racially prejudiced ways. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    estimable (adjective) Worthy of esteem and admiration. 2
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    After a tragic fire raged through Malden Mills, the 2
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    estimable mill owner, Aaron Feuerstein, restarted opera- 2
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    tions and rebuilt the company within just one month. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    esteem (noun). 2
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    1 eulogy (noun) A formal tribute usually delivered at a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    funeral. Most people in Britain applauded Lord Earl 2
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    Spencer’s eulogy for Princess Diana, not only as a warm 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    tribute to his sister Diana but also as a biting indictment
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the Royal Family. eulogize (verb). 2
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    euphemism (noun) An agreeable expression that is substi- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 tuted for an offensive one. Some of the more creative 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    euphemisms for “layoffs” in current use are: “release of 2
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    1 2
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    resources,” “involuntary severance,” “strengthening 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    global effectiveness,” and “career transition program.” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    euphemistic (adjective). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Origin acrimonious.
    Word
    Latin acer 5 sharp. Also found in English acerbity, acrid, and
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exacerbate (verb) To make worse or more severe. The roads 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in our town already have too much traffic; building a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    new shopping mall will exacerbate the problem.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    excoriation (noun) The act of condemning someone with 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 harsh words. In the small office we shared, it was 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    painful to hear my boss’s constant excoriation of his 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    assistant for the smallest faults—a misdirected letter, an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    unclear phone message, or even a tepid cup of coffee. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    excoriate (verb). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    exculpate (verb) To free from blame or guilt. When 2
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    someone else confessed to the crime, the previous 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    suspect was exculpated. exculpation (noun), exculpa- 2
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    1
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    tory (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    executor (noun) The person appointed
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to execute some- 2
    1 one’s will. As the executor of his Aunt Ida’s will, Phil 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    must deal with squabbling relatives, conniving lawyers, 2
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    2
    2
    1 and the ruinous state of Ida’s house.
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    exigent (adjective) Urgent, requiring immediate attention. A 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two-year-old is likely to behave as if her every demand is 2
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    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exigent, even if it involves simply retrieving a beloved 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    teddy bear from under the couch. exigency (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expedient (adjective) Providing an immediate advantage or 2
    2
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    Take It to the Next Level


    serving one’s immediate self-interest. When the passen- 2
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    ger next to her was strafed by a bullet, Sharon chose the
    1
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    most expedient means to stop the bleeding; she whipped 2
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    off her pantyhose and made an impromptu, but effec- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    tive, tourniquet. expediency (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    extant (adjective) Currently in existence. Of the seven 2
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    ancient “Wonders of the World,” only the pyramids of 2
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    Egypt are still extant. 2
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    1
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    Latin tenere 5 to hold. Also found in English retain, tenable, 2
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    Word Origin tenant, tenet, and tenure. 2
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    2
    extenuate (verb) To make less serious. Karen’s guilt is 2
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    1 2
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    extenuated by the fact that she was only 12 when she 2
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    committed the theft. extenuating (adjective), extenua-
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    1 tion (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    extol (verb) To greatly praise. At the party convention, one 2
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    speaker after another took to the podium to extol the 2
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    virtues of their candidate for the presidency. 2
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    extraneous (adjective) Irrelevant, nonessential. One review 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the new Chekhov biography said the author had 2
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    1
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    bogged down the book with far too many extraneous 2
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    details, such as the dates of Chekhov’s bouts of diarrhea. 2
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    1
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    Part III: Section Review

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    extrapolate (verb) To deduce from something known, to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    infer. Meteorologists were able to use old weather 2
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    records to extrapolate backward and compile lists of El 2
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    1
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    Niño years and their effects over the last century. 2
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    extrapolation (noun). 2
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    2
    1 extricate (verb) To free from a difficult or complicated 2
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    situation. Much of the humor in the TV show I Love 2
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    2
    2
    1 Lucy comes in watching Lucy try to extricate herself
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    from the problems she creates by fibbing or trickery. 2
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    extricable (adjective). 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    facetious (adjective) Humorous in a mocking way; not 2
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    serious. French composer Erik Satie often concealed his 2
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    serious artistic intent by giving his works facetious titles 2
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    such as “Three Pieces in the Shape of a Pear.” 2
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    facilitate (verb) To make easier or to moderate. When the
    1 issue of racism reared its ugly head, the company 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    brought in a consultant to facilitate a discussion of 2
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    diversity in the workplace. facile (adjective), facility 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    fallacy (noun) An error in fact or logic. It’s a fallacy to think 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    that “natural” means “healthful”; after all, the deadly 2
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    1 poison arsenic is completely natural. fallacious (adjec- 2
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    tive). 2
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    fatuous (adjective) Inanely foolish; silly. Once backstage, 2
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    Elizabeth showered the opera singer with fatuous praise 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    and embarrassing confessions, which he clearly had no 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interest in hearing.
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    1 fawn (verb) To flatter in a particularly subservient manner. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Mildly disgusted, Pedro stood alone at the bar and
    watched Renee fawn over the heir to the Fabco Surgical 2
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    Appliances fortune.
    2
    1
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    feckless (adjective) Weak and ineffective; irresponsible. Our 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    co-op board president is a feckless fellow who has let 2
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    1
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    much-needed repairs go unattended while our mainte- 2
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    nance fees continue to rise. 2
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    feint (noun) A bluff; a mock blow. It didn’t take us long to
    1 realize that Gaby’s tears and stomachaches were all a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    feint, since they appeared so regularly
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    at her bedtime. 2
    2
    1
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    ferret (verb) To bring to light by an extensive search. With 2
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    his repeated probing and questions, Fritz was able to 2
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    ferret out the location of Myrna’s safe deposit box.
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    2
    2
    1
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    finesse (noun) Skillful maneuvering; delicate workmanship. 2
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    With her usual finesse,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Charmaine gently persuaded the 2
    1 Duncans not to install a motorized Santa and sleigh on 2
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    their front lawn. 2
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    2
    1 florid (adjective) Flowery, fancy; reddish. The grand ball- 2
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    room was decorated in a florid style. Years of heavy 2
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    drinking had given him a florid complexion.
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    2
    2
    1
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    Latin fluere 5 to flow. Also found in English affluent, effluvia, fluid, 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin and influx.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


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    flourish (noun) An extraneous embellishment; a dramatic 2
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    gesture. The napkin rings made out of intertwined ferns 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    and flowers were just the kind of flourish one would 2
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    expect from Carol, a slavish follower of Martha Stewart. 2
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    fluctuation (noun) A shifting back and forth. Investment 2
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    analysts predict fluctuations in the Dow Jones Industrial 2
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    2
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    Average due to the instability of the value of the dollar. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    fluctuate (verb). 2
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    1
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    foil (verb) To thwart or frustrate. I was certain that Jerry’s 2
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    tendency to insert himself into everyone’s conversations 2
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    would foil my chances to have a private word with 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Helen. 2
    1 2
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    foment (verb) To rouse or incite. The petty tyrannies and 2
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    indignities inflicted on the workers by upper manage- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    ment helped foment the walkout at the meat-processing
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    plant. 2
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    forestall (verb) To hinder or prevent by taking action in 2
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    advance. The pilot’s calm, levelheaded demeanor during 2
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    the turbulence forestalled any hysteria among the 2
    2
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    passengers of Flight 268.
    2
    1
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    fortuitous (adjective) Lucky, fortunate. Although the mayor 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    claimed credit for the falling crime rate, it was really
    1
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    caused by a series of fortuitous accidents. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 191
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    Part III: Section Review

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    foster (verb) To nurture or encourage. The white-water 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rafting trip was supposed to foster creative problem 2
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    solving and teamwork between the account executives 2
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    1
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    and the creative staff at Apex Advertising Agency. 2
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    fracas (noun) A noisy fight; a brawl.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    As Bill approached the 2
    1 stadium ticket window, he was alarmed to see the fracas 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    that had broken out between a group of Giants fans and 2
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    2
    2
    1 a man wearing a Cowboys jersey and helmet.
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    functionary (noun) Someone holding office in a political 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    party or government. The man shaking hands with the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    governor was a low-ranking Democratic Party function- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ary who had worked to garner the Hispanic vote. 2
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    gainsay (verb) To contradict or oppose; deny, dispute. Dot 2
    2
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    would gainsay her married sister’s efforts to introduce 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    her to eligible men by refusing to either leave her ailing
    2
    1
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    canary or give up her thrice-weekly bingo nights. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    garble (verb) To distort or slur. No matter how much money
    the Metropolitan Transit Authority spends on improv- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ing the subway trains, the public address system in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    almost every station seems to garble each announce- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ment. garbled (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    garrulous (adjective) Annoyingly talkative. Claude pre- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tended to be asleep so he could avoid his garrulous 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    seatmate, a self-proclaimed expert on bonsai cultivation. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Latin genus 5 type or kind; birth. Also found in English congenital,
    Origin genetic, genital, genre, genuine, and genus. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 generic (adjective) General; having no brand name. Connie 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    tried to reduce her grocery bills by religiously clipping
    2
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    coupons and buying generic brands of most products. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 gist (noun) The main point, the essence. Although they felt 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sympathy for the victim’s family, the jurors were won 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    over by the gist of the defense’s argument: There was 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    insufficient evidence to convict. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    gouge (verb) To cut out, to scoop out with one’s thumbs or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a sharp instrument; to overcharge, to cheat. Instead of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    picking the lock with a credit card, the clumsy thieves 2
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    1
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    gouged a hole in my door. The consumer watchdog 2
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    group accused the clothing stores of gouging customers 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 with high prices.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    guile (noun) Deceit, duplicity. In Margaret Mitchell’s Gone 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 With the Wind, Scarlett O’Hara uses her guile to
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    manipulate two men and then is matched for wits by a 2
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    third, Rhett Butler. guileful (adjective). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    gullible (adjective) Easily fooled. Terry was so gullible she 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    actually believed Robert’s stories of his connections to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Czar and Czarina. gullibility (noun). 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    hackneyed (adjective) Without originality, trite. When some- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one invented the phrase, “No pain, no gain,” it was
    1
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    clever and witty, but now it is so commonly heard that it 2
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    seems hackneyed. 2
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    harrow (verb) To cultivate with a harrow; to torment or 2
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    vex. During grade school, my sister was harrowed 2
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    2
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    mercilessly for being overweight. harrowing (adjective) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    nerve-wracking, traumatic. Jon Krakauer’s harrowing 2
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    1 book Into Thin Air chronicles the tragic consequences of
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    leading groups of untrained climbers up Mt. Everest. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    haughty (adjective) Overly proud. The fashion model strode 2
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    down the runway, her hips thrust forward and a haughty 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    expression, something like a sneer, on her face. haughti- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ness (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    hierarchy (noun) A ranking of people, things, or ideas from 2
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    highest to lowest. A cabinet secretary ranks just below 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the president and vice president in the hierarchy of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    government’s executive branch. hierarchical (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Greek homos 5 same. Also found in English homologous, 2
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    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    homonym, and homosexual.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    homogeneous (adjective) Uniform, made entirely of one 2
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    1 thing. It’s hard to think of a more homogenous group 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    than those eerie children in Village of the Damned, who 2
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    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    all had perfect features, white-blond hair, and silver,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    penetrating eyes. 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    hoodwink (verb) To deceive by trickery or false appear- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ances; to dupe. That was my cousin Ravi calling to say 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that he’s been hoodwinked again, this time by some 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    outfit offering time shares in a desolate tract of land in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    central Florida. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 hone (verb) To improve and make more acute or affective. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    While she was a receptionist, Norma honed her skills as 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 a stand-up comic by trying out jokes on the tense crowd
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in the waiting room. 2
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    iconoclast (noun) Someone who attacks traditional beliefs 2
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    1
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    or institutions. Comedian Dennis Miller relishes his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reputation as an iconoclast, though people in power 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    often resent his satirical jabs. iconoclasm (noun), icono- 2
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    clastic (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    idolatry (noun) The worship of a person, thing, or institu-
    1 tion as a god. In communist China, admiration for Mao 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    resembled idolatry; his picture was displayed every- 2
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    where, and millions of Chinese memorized his sayings 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    and repeated them endlessly. idolatrous (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    idyll (noun) A rustic, romantic interlude; poetry or prose 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    that celebrates simple pastoral life. Her picnic with Max 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 at Fahnstock Lake was not the serene idyll she had 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    envisioned; instead, they were surrounded by hundreds 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of other picnickers blaring music from their boom boxes 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and cracking open soda cans. idyllic (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    illicit (adjective) Illegal, wrongful. When Janet caught her 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    13-year-old son and his friend downloading illicit
    1 pornographic photos from the World Wide Web, she 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    promptly pulled the plug on his computer.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    illuminate (verb) To brighten with light; to enlighten or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    elucidate; to decorate (a manuscript). The frosted-glass 2
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    1 2
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    sconces in the dressing rooms at Le Cirque not only 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    illuminate the rooms but make everyone look like a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    movie star. Alice Munro is a writer who can illuminate 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    an entire character with a few deft sentences. 2
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    1 immaterial (adjective) Of no consequence, unimportant. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “The fact that your travel agent is your best friend’s son 2
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    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    should be immaterial,” I told Rosa; “If he keeps putting
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    you on hold and acting nasty, just take your business 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    elsewhere.”
    2
    194 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    immaculate (adjective) Totally unblemished, spotlessly clean. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The cream-colored upholstery in my new Porsche was 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    immaculate—that is, until a raccoon came in through 2
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    1
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    the window and tracked mud across the seats. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Latin mutare 5 to change. Also found in English immutable,
    Origin mutant, and mutation. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 immutable (adjective) Incapable of change. Does there ever
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    come an age when we realize that our parents’ person- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    alities are immutable, when we can relax and stop trying 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 to make them change?
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    impartial (adjective) Fair, equal, unbiased. If a judge is not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    impartial, then all of her rulings are questionable. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


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    impartiality (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    impassivity (noun) Apathy, unresponsiveness. Dot truly
    1
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    thinks that Mr. Right will magically show up on her 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    door step, and her utter impassivity regarding her social 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    life makes me want to shake her! impassive (adjective). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    imperceptible (adjective) Impossible to perceive, inaudible, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or incomprehensible. The sound of footsteps was almost 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    imperceptible, but Donald’s paranoia had reached such 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 a pitch that he immediately assumed he was being
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    followed. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    imperturbable (adjective) Marked by extreme calm, impas- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sivity, and steadiness. The proper English butler in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel The Remains of the Day appears 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    completely imperturbable even when his father dies or
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    1 when his own heart is breaking.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    impetuous (adjective) Acting hastily or impulsively. Ben’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    resignation was an impetuous act; he did it without 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    thinking, and he soon regretted it. impetuosity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Latin placare 5 to please. Also found in English complacent,
    2
    1
    Word Origin placate, and placid.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    implacable (adjective) Unbending, resolute. The state of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Israel is implacable in its policy of never negotiating 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 with criminals. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 195
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    implosion (noun) To collapse inward from outside pressure. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    While it is difficult to know what is going on in North 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Korea, no one can rule out a violent implosion of the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    North Korean regime and a subsequent flood of refugees 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    across its borders. implode (verb). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 incessant (adjective) Unceasing. The incessant blaring of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    neighbor’s car alarm made it impossible for me to 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 concentrate on my upcoming Bar exam.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    inchoate (adjective) Only partly formed or formulated. At 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    editorial meetings, Nancy had a habit of presenting her 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    inchoate book ideas before she had a chance to fully 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    determine their feasibility. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Latin caedere 5 to cut. Also found in English concise, decide,
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Word Origin excise, incision, and precise.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 incise (verb) To carve into, to engrave. My wife felt 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nostalgic about the old elm tree since we had incised our 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    initials in it when we were both in high school. 2
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    incisive (adjective) Admirably direct and decisive. Ted 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Koppel’s incisive questions have made many politicians 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    squirm and stammer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    incongruous (adjective) Unlikely. Art makes incongruous 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    alliances, as when punk rockers, Tibetan folk musicians, 2
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    gospel singers, and beat poets shared the stage at the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Tibet House benefit concert. incongruity (noun). 2
    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    incorrigible (adjective) Impossible to manage or reform. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Lou is an incorrigible trickster, constantly playing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    practical jokes no matter how much his friends com-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    plain. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    incursion (noun) A hostile entrance into a territory; a foray 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    into an activity or venture. It is a little-known fact that 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Central Intelligence Agency organized military 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    incursions into China during the 1950s. The ComicCon 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was Barbara’s first incursion into the world of comic 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    strip artists. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    indefatigable (adjective) Tireless. Eleanor Roosevelt’s inde-
    1 fatigable dedication to the cause of human welfare won 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    her affection and honor throughout
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the world. indefati- 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gability (noun). 2
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    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    indelicate (adjective) Blunt, undisguised. No sooner had we 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sat down to eat than Mark made an indelicate remark 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about my high salary.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    inevitable (adjective) Unable to be avoided. Once the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    U.S. involvement in 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    World War II was inevitable. inevitability (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    infer (verb) To conclude, to deduce.
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    Can I infer from your 2
    1 hostile tone of voice that you are still angry about 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    yesterday’s incident? inference (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 inimical (adjective) Unfriendly, hostile; adverse or difficult.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Relations between Greece and Turkey have been inimi- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cal for centuries. 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


    inimitable (adjective) Incapable of being imitated, match- 2
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    less. John F. Kennedy’s administration dazzled the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 public, partly because of the inimitable style and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    elegance of his wife, Jacqueline. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    inopportune (adjective) Awkward, untimely. When Gus 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    heard raised voices and the crash of breaking china 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    behind the kitchen door, he realized that he’d picked an
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    inopportune moment to visit the Fairlights. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    inscrutability (noun) Quality of being extremely difficult to 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interpret or understand, mysteriousness. I am still 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    puzzling over the inscrutability of the package I received
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    yesterday, which contained twenty pomegranates and a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    note that said simply “Yours.” inscrutable (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    insensible (adjective) Unaware, incognizant; unconscious,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    out cold. It’s a good thing that Marty was insensible to 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the titters and laughter that greeted his arrival in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ballroom. In the latest episode of police brutality, an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    innocent young man was beaten insensible after two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    1 cops stormed his apartment.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    insipid (adjective) Flavorless, uninteresting. Most TV shows 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are so insipid that you can watch them while reading or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    chatting without missing a thing. insipidity (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Part III: Section Review

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    insinuate (verb) Hint or intimate; to creep in. During an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    extremely unusual broadcast, the anchor man insinu- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ated that the Washington bureau chief was having a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nervous breakdown. Marla managed to insinuate herself 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    into the Duchess of York’s conversation during the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 “Weight Watchers” promotion event. insinuation (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    insolence (noun) An attitude or behavior that is bold and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 disrespectful. Some feel that news reporters who shout
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accusatory questions at the president are behaving with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    insolence toward his high office. insolent (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    insoluble (adjective) Unable to be solved, irresolvable; 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    indissoluble. Fermat’s last theorem remained insoluble 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for over 300 years until a young mathematician from 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Princeton solved it in 1995. If you are a gum chewer, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you probably wouldn’t like to know that insoluble 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    plastics are a common ingredient of most popular gums. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    insular (adjective) Narrow or isolated in attitude or view- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    point. New Yorkers are famous for their insular atti- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    tudes; they seem to think that nothing important has
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ever happened outside of their city. insularity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    intercede (verb) To step in, to moderate; to mediate or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 negotiate on behalf of someone else. After their rejection 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    by the co-op board, Kevin and Sol asked Rachel, another 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    tenant, to intercede for them at the next board meeting. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    intercession (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interim (noun) A break or interlude. In the interim between 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    figure-skating programs, the exhausted skaters retreat to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the “kiss and cry” room to wait for their scores. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interpolate (verb) To interject. The director’s decision to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interpolate topical political jokes into his production of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night was not viewed kindly by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the critics. interpolation (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    intransigent (adjective) Unwilling to compromise. Despite 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the mediator’s attempts to suggest a fair solution to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disagreement, the two parties were intransigent, forcing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a showdown. intransigence (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
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    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    intrinsically (adverb) Essentially, inherently. There is noth- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ing intrinsically difficult about upgrading a computer’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    microprocessor, yet Al was afraid to even open up the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hard drive. intrinsic (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin Latin unda 5 wave. Also found in English undulate. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    inundate (verb) To overwhelm; to flood. When America 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Online first announced its flat-rate pricing, the company 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was inundated with new customers, and thus began the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    annoying delays in service. inundation (noun).
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    invective (noun) Insulting, abusive language. I remained 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    unscathed by his blistering invective because in my heart 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    I knew I had done the right thing.
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    invigorate (verb) To give energy to, to stimulate. As her car 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 climbed the mountain road, Lucinda felt herself invigo- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rated by the clear air and the cool breezes. invigoration 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    irascible (adjective) Easily provoked into anger, hot-headed. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Soup chef Al Yeganah, the model for Seinfeld’s “Soup 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Nazi,” is an irascible man who flies into a temper if his 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    customers don’t follow his rigid procedure for purchas- 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ing soup. irascibility (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    jeopardize (verb) To put in danger. Terrorist attacks on
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    civilians jeopardize the fragile peace in the Middle East. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    jeopardy (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    jocular (adjective) Humorous, amusing. Listening to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    CEO launch into yet another uproarious anecdote, Ted
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was frankly surprised by the jocular nature of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “emergency” board meeting. jocularity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    labyrinthine (adjective) Extremely intricate or involved; 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circuitous. Was I the only one who couldn’t follow the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    labyrinthine plot of the movie L.A. Confidential? I was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 so confused I had to watch it twice to see “who did it.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    laconic (adjective) Concise to the point of terseness; taci- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 turn. Tall, handsome, and laconic, the actor Gary 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Cooper came to personify the strong, silent American, a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    man of action and few words. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lambaste (verb) To give someone a dressing-down; to attack 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    someone verbally; to whip. Once inside the locker room, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the coach thoroughly lambasted the team for their 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    incompetent performance on the football field. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Latin laus 5 praise. Also found in English applaud, laud, laudatory,
    Origin and plaudit. 2
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    2
    2
    1 laudable (adjective) Commendable, praiseworthy. The
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    Hunt’s Point nonprofit organization has embarked on a 2
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    series of laudable ventures pairing businesses and 2
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    2
    2
    1 disadvantaged youth.
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    lethargic (adjective) Lacking energy; sluggish. Visitors to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    the zoo are surprised that the lions appear so lethargic, 2
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    but, in the wild, lions sleep up to 18 hours a day. 2
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    lethargy (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1 levy (verb) To demand payment or collection of a tax or fee. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    The environmental activists pushed Congress to levy 2
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    higher taxes on gasoline, but the automakers’ lobbyists 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    quashed their plans.
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    lien (noun) A claim against a property for the satisfaction of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    a debt. Nat was in such financial straits when he died 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 that his Fishkill property had several liens against it and 2
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    all of his furniture was being repossessed. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    limn (verb) To outline in distinct detail; to delineate. Like 2
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    many of her novels, Edith Wharton’s The Age of 2
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    1 2
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    Innocence expertly limns the tyranny of New York’s 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    upper-class society in the 1800s.
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    1 loquacity (noun) Talkativeness, wordiness. While some 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    people deride his loquacity and his tendency to use
    outrageous rhymes, no one can doubt that Jesse Jackson 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    is a powerful orator. loquacious (adjective).
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Latin lux 5 light. Also found in English elucidate, pellucid, and
    2
    1
    Word Origin
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    translucent.
    2
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    lucid (adjective) Clear and understandable. Hawking’s A 2
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    1 Short History of the Universe is a lucid explanation of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    difficult topic, modern scientific theories of the origin of 2
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    1 2
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    the universe. lucidity (noun).
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    magnanimous (adjective) Noble, generous. When media 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    titan Ted Turner pledged a gift of $1 billion to the 2
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    United Nations, he challenged other wealthy people to 2
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    1
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    be equally magnanimous. magnanimity (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    maladroit (adjective) Inept, awkward.
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    It was painful to 2
    1 watch the young congressman’s maladroit delivery of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the nominating speech. 2
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    2
    2
    1 malinger (verb) To pretend illness to avoid work. During
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    the labor dispute, hundreds of employees malingered, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    forcing the company to slow production and costing it 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    millions in profits. 2
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    malleable (adjective) Able to be changed, shaped, or formed 2
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    by outside pressures. Gold is a very useful metal because 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    it is so malleable. A child’s personality is malleable, and 2
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    is often deeply influenced by things her parents say and
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    1 do. malleability (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Latin mandare 5 entrust, order. Also found in English command,
    2
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    Word Origin demand, and remand. 2
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    mandate (noun) Order, command. The new policy on gays
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    in the military went into effect as soon as the president 2
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    1 issued his mandate about it. mandate (verb), mandatory 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    (adjective). 2
    1 2
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    marginal (adjective) At the outer edge or fringe; of minimal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    quality or acceptability. In spite of the trend toward 2
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    greater paternal involvement in child-rearing, most 2
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    fathers still have a marginal role in their children’s lives. 2
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    Jerry’s GRE scores were so marginal that he didn’t get 2
    2
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    1
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    accepted into the graduate schools of his choice. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    marginalize (verb) To push toward the fringes; to make less 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    consequential. Hannah argued that the designation of a
    1
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    certain month as “Black History Month” or “Gay and 2
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    Lesbian Book Month” actually does a disservice to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    minorities by marginalizing them. 2
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    martial (adjective) Of, relating to, or suited to military life. 2
    2
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    My old teacher, Miss Woody, had such a martial 2
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    1 2
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    demeanor that you’d think she was running a boot camp
    1
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    instead of teaching fifth grade. The military seized 2
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    control of Myanmar in 1988, and this embattled country 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    has been ruled by martial law since then. 2
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    Part III: Section Review

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    Latin medius 5 middle. Also found in English intermediate, media, 2
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    Word Origin 2
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    and medium.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    mediate (verb) To reconcile differences between two parties. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    During the baseball strike, both the players and the club 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    owners expressed willingness to have the president 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    mediate the dispute. mediation (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    mercenary (adjective) Doing something
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    only for pay or for 2
    1 personal advantage. People have criticized the U.S. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    motives in the Persian Gulf War as mercenary, pointing 2
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    2
    2
    1 out that the U.S. would not have come to Kuwait’s
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    defense had it grown carrots rather than produced oil. 2
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    mercenary (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    mercurial (adjective) Changing quickly and unpredictably. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The mercurial personality of Robin Williams, with his 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    many voices and styles, made him a natural choice to 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    play the part of the ever-changing genie in Aladdin. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    metamorphose (verb) To undergo a striking transforma-
    tion. In just a century, book publishers have metamor- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    phosed from independent, exclusively literary businesses
    to minor divisions in multimedia entertainment conglom- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    erates. metamorphosis (noun).
    2
    1
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    meticulous (adjective) Very careful with details. Watch 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    repair calls for a craftsperson who is patient and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meticulous. 2
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    mettle (noun) Strength of spirit; stamina. Linda’s mettle 2
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    was severely tested while she served as the only female 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    attorney at Smith, Futterweitt, Houghton, and Dobbs. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    mettlesome (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    mimicry (noun) Imitation, aping. The continued popularity 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of Elvis Presley has given rise to a class of entertainers 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    who make a living through mimicry of “The King.”
    2
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    mimic (noun and verb).
    2
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    1 minatory (adjective) Menacing, threatening. As soon as she 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    met Mrs. Danforth, the head housemaid at Manderlay, 2
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    the young bride was cowed by her minatory manner and 2
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    quickly retreated to the morning room. 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    mince (verb) To chop into small pieces; to speak with 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    decorum and restraint. Malaysia’s prime minister, 2
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    Mahathir Mohamad, is not a man known to mince 2
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    1
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    words; he has accused satellite TV of poisoning Asia and 2
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    has denounced the Australian press as “congenital 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    2
    2
    1 liars.”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Greek anthropos 5 human. Also found in English anthropology, 2
    2
    1
    Word Origin
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    anthropoid, anthropomorphic, and philanthropy. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    misanthrope (noun) Someone who hates or distrusts all 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 people. In the beloved Christmas classic, It’s a Wonder- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ful Life, Lionel Barrymore plays Potter, the wealthy 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    misanthrope who is determined to make life miserable 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


    for everyone, and particularly for the young, idealistic
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    George Bailey. misanthropic (adjective), misanthropy 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    miscreant (adjective) Unbelieving, heretical; evil, villainous. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    After a one-year run playing Iago in Othello, and then
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two years playing Bill Sikes in Oliver, Sean was tired of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    being typecast in miscreant roles. miscreant (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mitigate (verb) To make less severe; to relieve. There’s no 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    doubt that Wallace committed the assault, but the verbal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    abuse Wallace had received helps to explain his behavior 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 and somewhat mitigates his guilt. mitigation (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    monopoly (noun) A condition in which there is only one 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    seller of a certain commodity. Wary of Microsoft’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    seeming monopoly of the computer operating-system 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    business, rivals are asking for government intervention. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    monopolistic (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    monotonous (adjective) Tediously uniform, unchanging. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Brian Eno’s “Music for Airports” is characterized by 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    minimal melodies, subtle textures, and variable repeti-
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    tion, which I find rather bland and monotonous.
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    monotony (noun).
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    morose (adjective) Gloomy, sullen. After Chuck’s girlfriend 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dumped him, he lay around the house for a couple of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    days, refusing to come to the phone and feeling morose. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 203
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    Part III: Section Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    mutation (noun) A significant change; in biology, a perma- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nent change in hereditary material. Most genetic muta- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tions are not beneficial, since any change in the delicate 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    balance of an organism tends to be disruptive. mutate 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (verb). 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    Word
    Latin frangere 5 to break. Also found in English fraction, fractious,
    Origin fracture, frangible, infraction, and refract. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nadir (noun) Lowest point. Pedro and Renee’s marriage 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reached a new nadir last Christmas Eve when Pedro 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 locked Renee out of the house upon her return from the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    supposed “business trip.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nascent (adjective) Newly born, just beginning. While her
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    artistry was still nascent, it was 15-year-old Tara 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Lipinski’s technical wizardry that enabled her to win a 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 gold medal in the 1998 Winter Olympics. nascence 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    noisome (adjective) Putrid, fetid, noxious. We were con- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    vinced that the noisome odor infiltrating every corner of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    our building was evidence of a mouldering corpse. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    notorious (adjective) Famous, especially for evil actions or 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 qualities. Warner Brothers produced a series of movies 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    about notorious gangsters such as John Dillinger and Al 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Capone. notoriety (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 Origin Latin durus 5 hard. Also found in English durable and endure.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    obdurate (adjective) Unwilling to change; stubborn, inflex- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 ible. Despite the many pleas he received, the governor 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was obdurate in his refusal to grant clemency to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    convicted murderer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    oblivious (adjective) Unaware, unconscious. Karen prac-
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ticed her oboe solo with complete concentration, oblivi- 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ous to the noise and activity around her. oblivion (noun), 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    obviousness (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    obscure (adjective) Little known; hard to understand. Mendel 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was an obscure monk until decades after his death, when 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his scientific work was finally discovered. Most people 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    find the writings of James Joyce obscure; hence the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    popularity of books that explain the many odd refer- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 ences and tricks of language in his work. obscure (verb),
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    obscurity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 obsolete (adjective) No longer current; old-fashioned. W. H.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Auden said that his ideal landscape would contain water 2
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    wheels, grain mills, and other forms of obsolete machin- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 ery. obsolescence (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    obstinate (adjective) Stubborn, unyielding. Despite years of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    government effort, the problem of drug abuse remains 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


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    obstinate. obstinacy (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    obtuse (adjective) Dull-witted, insensitive; incomprehen-
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sible, unclear, or imprecise. Amy was so obtuse she 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    didn’t realize that Alexi had proposed marriage to her. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan’s collection of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    papers, Ecrits, is notoriously obtuse, yet it has still been
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    highly influential in linguistics, film theory, and literary 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    criticism.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 obviate (verb) Preclude, make unnecessary. Truman Capote’s
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meticulous accuracy and total recall obviated the need 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for note-taking when he wrote his account of a 1959 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    murder, In Cold Blood. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    odium (noun) Intense feeling of hatred, abhorrence. When 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the neighbors learned that a convicted sex offender was
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    now living in their midst, they could not restrain their 2
    1
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    odium and began harassing the man whenever he left his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    house. odious (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    opprobrium (noun) Dishonor, disapproval. Switzerland re-
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cently came under public opprobrium when it was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    revealed that Swiss bankers had hoarded the gold the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 Nazis had confiscated from their victims. opprobrious
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    orthodox (adjective) In religion, conforming to a certain
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    doctrine; conventional. George Eliot’s relationship with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    George Lewes, a married journalist, offended the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sensibilities of her more orthodox peers. orthodoxy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    (noun).
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    ossified (adjective) In biology, to turn into bone; to become 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rigidly conventional and opposed to change. His harsh 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    view of co-education had ossified over the years so that 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    he was now the only teacher who sought to bar girls 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from the venerable boys’ school. ossification (noun). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 ostentatious (adjective) Overly showy, pretentious. To show 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    off his new wealth, the financier threw an ostentatious 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 party featuring a full orchestra, a famous singer, and tens
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of thousands of dollars’ worth of food. ostentation 2
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    (noun). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ostracize (verb) To exclude from a group. In Biblical times, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    those who suffered from the disease of leprosy were 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ostracized and forced to live alone. ostracism (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paean (adjective) A joyous expression of praise, gratitude, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or triumph. Choreographer Paul Taylor’s dance “Even-
    1 tide” is a sublime paean to remembered love, with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    couple after loving couple looking back as they embrace 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    an unknown future. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    parody (noun) An imitation created for comic effect; a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    caricature. While the creators of the 1970s comedy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    series All in the Family intended Archie Bunker to be a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 parody of closed-mindedeness in Americans, large num- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bers of people adopted Bunker as a working-class hero. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    parse (verb) To break a sentence down into grammatical 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    components; to analyze bit by bit. In the wake of the sex 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scandal, journalists parsed every utterance by adminis- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tration officials regarding the president’s alleged promis-
    1 cuity. At $1.25 million a day, Titanic is the most 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    expensive movie ever made, but director James Cameron
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    refused to parse the film’s enormous budget for inquisi- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    tive reporters.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    partisan (adjective) Reflecting strong allegiance to a particu- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lar party or cause. The vote on the president’s budget 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was strictly partisan: Every member of the president’s 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    party voted yes, and all others voted no. partisan (noun). 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 pastoral (adjective) Simple and rustic, bucolic, rural. While 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    industry grew and the country expanded westward, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Hudson River School of painters depicted the landscape
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as a pastoral setting where humans and nature could 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    coexist.
    2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    patron (noun) A special guardian or protector; a wealthy or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    influential supporter of the arts. Dominique de Menil 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    used her considerable wealth to become a well-known 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    patron of the arts; she and her husband owned a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    collection of more than 10,000 pieces ranging from 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 cubist paintings to tribal artifacts. patronize (verb).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    peccadillo (noun) A minor offense, a lapse. What Dr. Sykes 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 saw as a major offense—being addressed as Marge
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    rather than Doctor—Tina saw as a mere peccadillo and 2
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    one that certainly should not have lost her the job. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    pedantic (adjective) Academic, bookish. The men Hillary 2
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    met through personal ads in the New York Review of 2
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    Books were invariably pasty-skinned pedantic types 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    who dropped the names of nineteenth-century writers in 2
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    every sentence. pedantry (noun). 2
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    1
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    pedestrian (adjective) Unimaginative, ordinary. The new 2
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    Italian restaurant received a bad review due to its 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    reliance on pedestrian dishes such as pasta with marinara 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    sauce or chicken parmigiana.
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    Latin fides 5 faith. Also found in English confide, confidence, 2
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    Word Origin fidelity, and infidel. 2
    1 2
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    perfidious (adjective) Disloyal, treacherous. Although he
    2
    1
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    was one of the most talented generals of the American 2
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    Revolution, Benedict Arnold is remembered today as a 2
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    perfidious betrayer of the patriot cause. perfidy (noun). 2
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    peripatetic (adjective) Moving or traveling from place to
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    place; always on the go. In Barbara Wilson’s Trouble in 2
    1
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    Transylvania, peripatetic translator Cassandra Reilly is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    on the road again, this time to China by way of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Budapest, where she plans to catch the TransMongolian
    1
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    Express. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    permeate (verb) To spread through or penetrate. Little by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    little, the smell of gas from the broken pipe permeated 2
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    the house. 2
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    personification (noun) The embodiment of a thing or an 2
    1
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    abstract idea in human form. Many people view 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Theodore Kaczynski, the killer known as the Unabomber,
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as the very personification of evil. personify (verb). 2
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    Part III: Section Review

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    pervasive (adjective) Spreading throughout. As news of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    disaster reached the town, a pervasive sense of gloom 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    could be felt everywhere. pervade (verb).
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    philistine (noun) Someone who is smugly ignorant and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    uncultured. A true philistine,
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    Meg claimed she didn’t 2
    1 read any book that wasn’t either recommended by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Oprah Winfrey or on the best-seller list. philistine 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    pith (noun) The core, the essential part; in biology, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    central strand of tissue in the stems of most vascular 2
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    1
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    plants. After spending seventeen years in psychoanaly- 2
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    sis, Frieda had finally come face to face with the pith of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    her deep-seated anxiety. pithy (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    placate (verb) To soothe or appease. The waiter tried to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    placate the angry customer with the offer of a free
    2
    1
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    dessert. placatory (adjective). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    placid (adjective) Unmarked by disturbance; complacent.
    Dr. Kahn was convinced that the placid exterior 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    presented by Frieda in her early analysis sessions masked 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    a deeply disturbed psyche. placidity (noun). 2
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    plaintive (adjective) Expressing suffering or melancholy. In 2
    2
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    1
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    the beloved children’s book The Secret Garden, Mary is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disturbed by plaintive cries echoing in the corridors of 2
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    gloomy Misselthwaite Manor. 2
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    1 plastic (adjective) Able to be molded or reshaped. Because it 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is highly plastic, clay is an easy material for beginning 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    sculptors to use. plasticity (noun). 2
    1 2
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    plausible (adjective) Apparently believable. The idea that a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    widespread conspiracy to kill the president has been 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    kept secret by all the participants for over thirty years 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hardly seems plausible. plausibility (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
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    platitude (noun) A trite remark or saying; a cliché. How 2
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    1 typical of June to send a sympathy card filled with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mindless platitudes like “One day at a time,” rather than 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    calling the grieving widow on the phone. platitudinous
    2
    1
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    (adjective). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    plummet (verb) To dive or plunge. On October 27, 1997, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the stock market plummeted by
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 554 points and left us all 2
    2
    1
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    wondering if the bull market was finally over. 2
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    208 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    polarize (adjective) To separate into opposing groups or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    forces. For years, the abortion debate polarized the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    American people, with many people voicing views at 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    either extreme and few people trying to find a middle 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ground. polarization (noun). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 ponderous (adjective) Unwieldy and bulky; oppressively 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dull. Unfortunately, the film director weighed the movie 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 down with a ponderous voice-over narrated by the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    protagonist as an old man. 2
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    poseur (noun) Someone who pretends to be what he isn’t. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    Gerald had pretensions for literary stardom with his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    book proposal on an obscure World War II battle, yet 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    most agents soon realized that the book would never be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


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    written and categorized him as a poseur. 2
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    positivism (noun) A philosophy that denies speculation and
    1
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    assumes that the only knowledge is scientific knowledge. 2
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    David Hume carried his positivism to an extreme when 2
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    he argued that our expectation that the sun will rise 2
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    tomorrow has no basis in reason and is purely a matter
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of belief. positivistic (adjective). 2
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    pragmatism (noun) A belief in approaching problems
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 through practical rather than theoretical means. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Roosevelt’s attitude toward the economic troubles of the
    2
    1
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    Depression was based on pragmatism: “Try some- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    thing,” he said; “If it doesn’t work, try something else.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pragmatic (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    precedent (noun) An earlier occurrence that serves as an
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    example for a decision. In a legal system that reveres 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    precedent, even defining the nature of a completely new 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    type of dispute can seem impossible. precede (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    precept (noun) A general principle or law. One of the
    2
    1
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    central precepts of Tai Chi Ch’uan is the necessity of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    allowing ki (cosmic energy) to flow through one’s body 2
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    1 in slow, graceful movements.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    precipitate (verb) To spur or activate. In the summer of 2
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    1997, the selling off of the Thai baht precipitated a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 currency crisis that spread throughout Asia. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 209
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    Latin claudere 5 to close. Also found in English conclude, include, 2
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    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    recluse, and seclude.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    preclude (verb) To prevent, to hinder. Unfortunately, Jas- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mine’s appointment at the New Age Expo precluded her 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    attendance at our weekend Workshop for Shamans and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    Psychics. preclusive (adjective), preclusion (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    precursor (noun) A forerunner,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a predecessor. The Kodak 2
    1 Brownie camera, a small boxy camera made of jute 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    board and wood, was the precursor to today’s sleek 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 35mm cameras. precursory (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    preponderance (noun) A superiority in weight, size, or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quantity; a majority. In Seattle, there is a great prepon- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    derance of seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, a malady 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    brought on by light starvation during the dark North- 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    west winter. preponderate (verb). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    presage (verb) To foretell, to anticipate. According to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    folklore, a red sky at dawn presages a day of stormy
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    weather. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    prescience (noun) Foreknowledge or foresight. When she 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    saw the characteristic eerie yellowish-black light in the
    sky, Dorothy had the prescience to seek shelter in the 2
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    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    storm cellar. prescient (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    presumptuous (adjective) Going beyond the limits of cour- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tesy or appropriateness. The senator winced when the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    presumptuous young staffer addressed him as “Ted.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    presume (verb), presumption (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 prevaricate (verb) To lie, to equivocate. When it became 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    clear to the FBI that the mobster had threatened the
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    12-year-old witness, they could well understand why he 2
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    had prevaricated during the hearing.
    2
    1
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    Latin primus 5 first. Also found in English primate, primitive, 2
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    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    primogeniture, and primodial.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    primacy (noun) State of being the utmost in importance; 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    preeminence. The anthropologist Ruth Benedict was an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    inspiration to Margaret Mead for her emphasis on the 2
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    primacy of culture in the formation of an individual’s 2
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    personality. primal (adjective).
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    pristine (adjective) Pure, undefiled. As climbers who have 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scaled Mt. Everest can attest, the trails to the summit are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hardly in pristine condition and are actually strewn with 2
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    1
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    trash. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    probity (noun) Goodness, integrity.
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    The vicious editorial 2
    1 attacked the moral probity of the senatorial candidate, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    saying he had profited handsomely from his pet project, 2
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    2
    2
    1 the senior-citizen housing project.
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    procure (verb) To obtain by using particular care and effort. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Through partnerships with a large number of specialty 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    wholesalers, W.W. Grainger is able to procure a startling 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    array of products for its customers, from bear repellent 2
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    for Alaska pipeline workers to fork-lift trucks and toilet 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    paper. procurement (noun). 2
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    prodigality (noun) The condition of being wastefully extrava-
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gant. Richard was ashamed of the prodigality of his 2
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    bride’s parents when he realized that the cost of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    wedding reception alone was more than his father 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    earned in one year. prodigal (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    proliferate (verb) To increase or multiply. Over the past
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    fifteen years, high-tech companies have proliferated in 2
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    1 northern California, Massachusetts, and other regions.
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    proliferation (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    prolixity (noun) A diffuseness; a rambling and verbose 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quality. The prolixity of Sarah’s dissertation on Otto- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    man history defied even her adviser’s attempts to read it. 2
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    prolix (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    prophetic (adjective) Auspicious, predictive of what’s to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    come. We often look at every event leading up to a new 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    love affair as prophetic—the flat tire that caused us to be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    late for work, the chance meeting in the elevator, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    horoscope that argued “a new beginning.” prophecy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun), prophesy (verb). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    propagate (verb) To cause to grow; to foster. John Smithson’s
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    will left his fortune for the founding of an institution to 2
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    1 propagate knowledge, leaving open whether that meant 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a university, a library, or a museum. propagation (noun). 2
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    1 2
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    Part III: Section Review

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    propitiating (adjective) Conciliatory, mollifying or appeas- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ing. Management’s offer of a five-percent raise was 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meant as a propitiating gesture, yet the striking workers 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    were unimpressed. propitiate (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    propriety (noun) Appropriateness.
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    Some people expressed 2
    1 doubts about the propriety of Clinton’s discussing his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    underwear on MTV. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 proximity (noun) Closeness, nearness. Neighborhood resi- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dents were angry over the proximity of the proposed 2
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    sewage plant to the local elementary school. proximate 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    (adjective). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pundit (noun) Someone who offers opinions in an authori- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tative style. The Sunday morning talk shows are filled 2
    2
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    with pundits, each with his or her own theory about this 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    week’s political news.
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Latin pungere = to jab, to prick. Also found in English pugilist, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
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    punctuate, and puncture. 2
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    pungency (noun) Marked by having a sharp, biting quality. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Unfortunately, the pungency of the fresh cilantro over- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    whelmed the delicate flavor of the poached flounder. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 pungent (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    purify (verb) To make pure, clean, or perfect. The new 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    water-treatment plant is supposed to purify the drinking 2
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    water provided to everyone in the nearby towns. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    purification (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quiescent (adjective) In a state of rest or inactivity; latent. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Polly’s ulcer has been quiescent ever since her mother-in-
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    law moved out of the condo, which was well over a year 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ago. quiescence (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quixotic (adjective) Foolishly romantic, idealistic to an 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    impractical degree. In the novel Shoeless Joe, Ray 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Kinsella carries out a quixotic plan to build a baseball 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    field in the hopes that past baseball greats will come to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    play there. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    quotidian (adjective) Occurring every day; commonplace 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and ordinary. Most of the time, we long to escape from 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    quotidian concerns, but in the midst of a crisis we want 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nothing more than to be plagued by such simple 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems as a leaky faucet or a whining child. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 raconteur (noun) An excellent storyteller. A member of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Algonquin Round Table, Robert Benchley was a natural 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 raconteur with a seemingly endless ability to turn daily
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    life and its irritations into entertaining commentary. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rancorous (adjective) Marked by deeply embedded bitter- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ness or animosity. While Ralph and Kishu have been 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    separated for three years, their relationship is so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rancorous that they had to hire a professional mediator 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just to discuss divorce arrangements. rancor (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rapacious (adjective) Excessively grasping or greedy. Some
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    see global currency speculators like George Soros as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rapacious parasites who destroy economies and then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    line their pockets with the profits. rapacity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rarefied (adjective) Of interest or relating to a small, refined 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circle; less dense, thinner. Those whose names dot the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    society pages live in a rarefied world where it’s entirely 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    1 normal to dine on caviar for breakfast or order a $2,000
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bottle of wine at Le Cirque. When she reached the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    summit of Mt. McKinley, Deborah could hardly breathe 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in the rarefied air. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    raucous (adjective) Boisterous, unruly and wild. Sounds of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    shouts and raucous laughter drifted out of the hotel
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 room where Felipe’s bachelor party was being held.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reactionary (adjective) Ultra conservative. Every day, over 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    twenty million listeners tune in to hear Rush Limbaugh 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    spew his reactionary opinions about “feminazis” and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    environmental “fanatics.” reactionary (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    recede (verb) To draw back, to ebb, to abate. Once his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hairline began to recede, Hap took to wearing bizarre 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accessories, like velvet ascots, to divert attention from it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    recession (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reclusive (adjective) Withdrawn from society. During the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    last years of her life, Garbo led a reclusive existence, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rarely appearing in public. recluse (noun). 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reconcile (verb) To make consistent or harmonious. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Roosevelt’s greatness as a leader can be seen in his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ability to reconcile the differing demands and values of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the varied groups that supported him. reconciliation 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 recompense (noun) Compensation for a service rendered or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to pay for damages. The 5% of the estate that Phil 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 received as executor of his Aunt Ida’s will is small
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    recompense for the headaches he endured in settling her 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    affairs. recompense (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    recondite (adjective) Profound, deep, abstruse. Professor 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Miyaki’s recondite knowledge of seventeenth-century 2
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    Flemish painters made him a prized—if barely under- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stood—member of the art history department. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    redemptive (adjective) Liberating and reforming. While she
    1 doesn’t attend formal church services, Carrie is a firm 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    believer in the redemptive power of prayer. redeem 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (verb), redemption (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Latin frangere = to break. Also found in English fraction, fractions, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin fracture, frangible, infraction, and refract. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 refractory (adjective) Stubbornly resisting control or author- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ity. Like a refractory child, Jill stomped out of the car, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    slammed the door, and said she would walk home, even 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    though her house was 10 miles away. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    relevance (noun) Connection to the matter at hand; perti- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nence. Testimony in a criminal trial may only be
    1 admitted to the extent that it has clear relevance to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    question of guilt or innocence. relevant (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reparation (noun) The act of making amends; payment of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    damages by a defeated nation to the victors. The Treaty 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    of Versailles, signed in 1919, formally asserted Germa- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ny’s war guilt and ordered it to pay reparations to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    allies. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
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    reproof (noun) A reprimand, a reproach or castigation. Joe 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 thought being grounded for one month was a harsh 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reproof for coming home late only once. reprove (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    repugnant (adjective) Causing dislike or disgust. After the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    news broke about Mad Cow Disease, much of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    beef-loving British public began to find the thought of a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sunday roast repugnant. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    requiem (noun) A musical composition
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or poem written to 2
    1 honor the dead. Many financial analysts think that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ailing typewriter company should simply say a requiem 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 for itself and shut down; however, the CEO has other plans.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    repudiate (verb) To reject, to renounce. After it became 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    known that Duke had been a leader of the Ku Klux 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Klan, most Republican leaders repudiated him. repudia- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tion (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    resilient (adjective) Able to recover from difficulty. A pro 2
    2
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    Take It to the Next Level


    athlete must be mentally resilient, able to lose a game 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    one day and come back the next with renewed enthusi-
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    asm and confidence. resilience (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    resonant (adjective) Full of special import or meaning. I
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    found the speaker’s words particularly resonant because 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    I, too, had served in Vietnam and felt the same mixture 2
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    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of shame and pride. resonance (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    resplendent (adjective) Glowing, shining. In late December, 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    midtown New York is resplendent with holiday lights 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and decorations. resplendence (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rite (noun) Ceremony. From October to May, the Patwin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Indians of California’s Sacramento Valley held a series
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    of rites and dances designed to bring the tribe health and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    prosperity. 2
    1 2
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    rogue (noun) A mischievously dishonest person; a scamp. In 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Wickham, a charm- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ing rogue, seduces Darcy’s young sister Georgiana and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    later does the same thing with Kitty Bennett. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ruffian (noun) A brute, roughneck or bully. In Dickens’ 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Oliver Twist, Fagin instructs his gang of orphaned 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ruffians on the arts of picking pockets and shoplifting. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rumination (noun) The act of engaging in contemplation. 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Marcel Proust’s semi-autobiographical novel cycle, Re- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    membrance of Things Past, is less a narrative than an
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    extended rumination on the nature of memory. ruminate 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (verb). 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    sage (noun) A person of great wisdom, a sagacious philoso- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pher. It was the Chinese sage Confucius who first taught 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what is now known the world over as “The Golden 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Rule.” sagacious (adjective), sagacity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Latin salus 5 health. Also found in English salubrious, salutation,
    Origin and salute. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 salutary (adjective) Restorative, healthful. I find a short dip
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in an icy stream to be extremely salutary, although the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    health benefits of my bracing swims are, as yet, unclear. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sanction (verb) Support or authorize. Even after a bomb 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exploded on the front porch of his home, the Reverend 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Martin Luther King Jr. refused to sanction any violent 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    response and urged his angry followers to love their 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    enemies. sanctify (verb), sanction (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 sap (verb) To exhaust, to deplete. The exhaustive twelve-city 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reading tour so sapped the novelist’s strength that she 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    told her publicist that she hoped her next book would be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    a flop! While Uganda is making enormous economic
    strides under President Yoweri Musevini, rebel fighting 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    has sapped much of the country’s resources.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 satiate (verb) To fulfill to or beyond capacity. Judging by the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    current crop of films featuring serial killers, rape, ritual 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    murder, gunslinging, and plain old-fashioned slugfests, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the public appetite for violence has not yet been satiated. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    satiation (noun), satiety (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    saturate (verb) To drench or suffuse with liquid or anything
    1 that permeates or invades. The hostess’s furious dabbing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    at the tablecloth was in vain, since the spilt wine had
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    already saturated the damask cloth. saturation (noun), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    saturated (adjective).
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scrutinize (verb) To study closely. The lawyer scrutinized 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the contract, searching for any detail that could pose a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    risk for her client. scrutiny (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
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    scurvy (adjective) Shabby, low. I couldn’t believe that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Farouk was so scurvy as to open up my computer files 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 and read my e-mail. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    Latin sequi 5 to follow. Also found in English consequence, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
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    sequel, and subsequent.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sequential (adjective) Arranged in an order or series. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    courses required for the chemistry major are sequential; 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you must take them in the prescribed order since each 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    course builds on the previous ones. sequence (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sedulous (adjective) Diligent, industrious.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Those who are 2
    1 most sedulous about studying this vocabulary list are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    likely to breeze through the antonyms sections of their 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 GRE exam.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sidereal (adjective) Relating to the stars or the constella- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tions. Jacqueline was interested in matters sidereal and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Take It to the Next Level


    was always begging my father to take the dusty old
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    telescope out of our garage. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    signatory (noun) Someone who signs an official document 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or petition along with others. Alex urged me to join the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    other signatories and add my name to the petition
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    against toxic sludge in organic foods, but I simply did 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not care enough about the issue. The signatories of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Declaration of Independence included John Adams, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, and Thomas
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Jefferson. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sinuous (noun) Winding, circuitous, serpentine. Frank 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Gehry’s sinuous design for the Guggenheim Museum in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Bilbao, Spain, has led people to hail the museum as the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first great building of the twenty-first century. sinuosity 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    specious (adjective) Deceptively plausible or attractive. The
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    infomercial for “Fat-Away” offered mainly specious 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arguments for a product that is, essentially, a heavy-duty 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    girdle.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    spontaneous (adjective) Happening without plan or outside
    2
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    cause. When the news of Kennedy’s assassination hit the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    airwaves, people everywhere gathered in a spontaneous 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    effort to express their shock and grief. spontaneity 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    spurious (adjective) False, fake. The so-called Piltdown 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Man, supposed to be the fossil of a primitive human, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    turned out to be spurious, though who created the hoax 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is still uncertain. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    splice (verb) To unite by interweaving
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    separate strands or 2
    1 parts. Amateur filmmaker Duddy Kravitz shocked and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angered his clients by splicing footage of tribal rituals 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 into his films of their weddings and bar mitzvahs.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    squander (verb) To use up carelessly, to waste. Those who 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    had made donations to the charity were outraged to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    learn that its director had squandered millions on fancy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dinners, first-class travel, and an expensive apartment 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for entertaining. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stanch (verb) To stop the flow. When Edison began to bleed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    profusely, Dr. Munger stanched the blood flow by
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    applying direct pressure to the wound. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stint (verb) To limit, to restrain. The British bed and
    breakfast certainly did not stint on the breakfast part of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the equation; they provided us with fried tomatoes, fried 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    sausages, fried eggs, smoked kippers, fried bread, fried 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    mushrooms, and bowls of a cereal called “Wheatabix” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 (which tasted like cardboard). stinting (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stolid (adjective) Impassive, unemotional. The popular ani- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mated television series King of the Hill chronicles the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    woes of a stolid, conservative Texan confronting chang- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ing times. stolidity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    subordination (noun) The state of being subservient or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    treated as less valuable. Heather left the naval academy
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    because she could no longer stand the subordination of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    every personal whim or desire to the rigorous demands 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of military life. subordinate (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Latin poena 5 pain. Also found in English impunity, penal, penalty, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    and punishment.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    subpoena (noun) An order of a court, legislation or grand 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    jury that compels a witness to be present at a trial or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hearing. The young man’s lawyer asked the judge to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    subpoena a boa constrictor into court on the grounds 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that the police had used the snake as an “instrument of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 terror” to coerce his confession.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    subside (verb) To settle or die down. The celebrated lecturer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 had to wait ten minutes for the applause to subside
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    before he began his speech. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    subsidization (noun) The state of being financed by a grant 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Take It to the Next Level


    from a government or other agency. Without subsidiza-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tion, the nation’s passenger rail system would probably 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    go bankrupt. subsidize (verb). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    substantiated (adjective) Verified or supported by evidence. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The charge that Nixon had helped to cover up crimes
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was substantiated by his comments about it on a series 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of audiotapes. substantiate (verb), substantiation (noun). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    subsume (verb) To encompass or engulf within something 2
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    larger. In Alan Dershowitz’s Reversal of Fortune, he 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    makes it clear that his work as a lawyer subsumes his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 personal life. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    subterranean (adjective) Under the surface of the earth. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Subterranean testing of nuclear weapons was permitted 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    under the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    summarily (adverb) Quickly and concisely. No sooner had I 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    voiced my concerns about the new ad campaign than my 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    boss put her hand on my elbow and summarily ushered 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    me out of her office.
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    superficial (adjective) On the surface only; without depth or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    substance. Her wound was only superficial and required 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    no treatment except a light bandage. His superficial 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    attractiveness hides the fact that his personality is lifeless 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and his mind is dull. superficiality (noun).
    2
    1
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    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    superimpose (verb) To place or lay over or above some- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    thing. The artist stirred controversy by superimposing 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    portraits of certain contemporary politicians over im- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ages of such reviled historical figures as Hitler and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Stalin. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 supersede (verb) To displace, to substitute or supplant. “I’m 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sorry,” the principal announced, “but today’s afternoon 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 classes will be superseded by an assembly on drug and
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    alcohol abuse.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    supine (adjective) Prone. One always feels rather vulnerable 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    when wearing a flimsy paper gown and lying supine on a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    doctor’s examining table. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    supposition (noun) Assumption, conjecture. While most 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    climate researchers believe that increasing levels of
    greenhouse gases will warm the planet, skeptics claim 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that this theory is mere supposition. suppose (verb). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    surge (noun) A gush; a swelling or sweeping forward. When 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Mattel gave the Barbie Doll a makeover in the late 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eighties, coming out with dolls like doctor Barbie and 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    astronaut Barbie, the company experienced a surge in 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sales. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word
    Latin tangere 5 to touch. Also found in English contact,
    Origin contiguous, tactile, tangent, and tangible. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tangential (adjective) Touching lightly; only slightly con- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nected or related. Having enrolled in a class on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    African-American history, the students found the teach- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    er’s stories about his travels in South America only of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tangential interest. tangent (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tedium (noun) Boredom. For most people, watching even a 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fifteen-minute broadcast of Earth as seen from space 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 would be an exercise in sheer tedium. tedious (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    temperance (noun) Moderation or restraint in feelings and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    behavior. Most professional athletes practice temper-
    ance in their personal habits; too much eating or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 drinking and too many late nights, they know, can harm 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    their performance. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    temperate (adjective) Moderate, calm. The warm gulf 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    streams are largely responsible for the temperate climate 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the British Isles. 2
    2
    220 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tenuous (adjective) Lacking in substance; weak, flimsy, very 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    thin. His tenuous grasp of the Spanish language was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    evident when he addressed Señor Chavez as “Señora.”
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    terrestrial (adjective) Of the earth. The movie Close Encoun- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ters of the Third Kind tells
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the story of the first contact 2
    1 between beings from outer space and terrestrial crea- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tures. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 throwback (noun) A reversion to an earlier type; an
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    atavism. The new Volkswagen Beetle, with its familiar 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bubble shape, looks like a throwback
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to the sixties, but 2
    1 it is actually packed with modern high-tech equipment. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tiff (noun) A small, almost inconsequential quarrel or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disagreement. Megan and Bruce got into a tiff when 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Take It to the Next Level


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Bruce criticized her smoking. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tirade (noun) A long, harshly critical speech. Reformed
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    smokers, like Bruce, are prone to delivering tirades on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the evils of smoking. 2
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    torpor (noun) Apathy, sluggishness. Stranded in an airless 2
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    hotel room in Madras after a 27-hour train ride, I felt 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    such overwhelming torpor that I doubted I would make 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    it to Bangalore, the next leg of my journey. torpid 2
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    1 (adjective).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tout (verb) To praise highly, to brag publicly. A much 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    happier Eileen is now touting the benefits of Prozac, but, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    to tell you the truth, I miss her witty, self-lacerating 2
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    1
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    commentaries. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    Word
    Latin tractare 5 to handle. Also found in English intractable,
    Origin tractate, and traction. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    tractable (adjective) Obedient, manageable. When he turned 2
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    1 3, Harrison suddenly became a tractable, well-mannered 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    little boy after being, quite frankly, an unruly little 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    monster! 2
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    1
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    tranquillity (noun) Freedom from disturbance or turmoil; calm. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Seeking the tranquillity of country life, she moved from 2
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    New York City to rural Vermont. tranquil (adjective). 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
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    Part III: Section Review

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    transgress (verb) To go past limits; to violate. If Iraq has 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    developed biological weapons, then it has transgressed 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the UN’s rules against manufacturing weapons of mass 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    destruction. transgression (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    transmute (verb) To change in form
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or substance. Practitio- 2
    1 ners of alchemy, a forebear of modern chemistry, tried to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discover ways to transmute metals such as iron into 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 gold. transmutation (noun).
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    treacherous (adjective) Untrustworthy or disloyal; danger- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ous or unreliable. Nazi Germany proved to be a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    treacherous ally, first signing a peace pact with the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Soviet Union, then invading. Be careful crossing the rope 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bridge; parts of the span are badly frayed and treacher- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ous. treachery (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tremor (noun) An involuntary shaking or trembling. Michael
    1 still manages to appear calm and at ease despite the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tremors caused by Parkinson’s disease. Brooke felt the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first tremors of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake while 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    she was sitting in Candlestick Park watching a Giants
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    baseball game. 2
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    trenchant (adjective) Caustic and incisive. Essayist H. L. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Mencken was known for his trenchant wit and was 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    famed for mercilessly puncturing the American middle 2
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    1 2
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    class (which he called the “booboisie”). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 Origin Latin trepidus 5 alarmed. Also found in English intrepid.
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    Word 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    trepidation (noun) Fear and anxiety. After the tragedy of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 TWA flight 800, many previously fearless flyers were 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    filled with trepidation whenever they stepped into an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    airplane. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    turbulent (adjective) Agitated or disturbed. The night be-
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fore the championship match, Martina was unable to 2
    2
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    sleep, her mind turbulent with fears and hopes. turbu- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    lence (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    turpitude (noun) Depravity, wickedness. Radical feminists 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    who contrast women’s essential goodness with men’s
    1 moral turpitude can be likened to religious fundamental- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ists who make a clear distinction
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    between the saved and 2
    2
    1 the damned.
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    tyro (noun) Novice, amateur. For an absolute tyro on the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ski slopes, Gina was surprisingly agile at taking the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    moguls.
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    unalloyed (adjective) Unqualified, pure. Holding his new- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    born son for the first time,
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    Malik felt an unalloyed 2
    1 happiness that was unlike anything he had ever experi- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    enced in his 45 years. 2
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    2
    1 undermine (verb) To excavate beneath; to subvert, to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    weaken. Dot continued to undermine my efforts to find 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    her a date by showing up at our dinner parties in her 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    ratty old sweat suit. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    unfeigned (adjective) Genuine, sincere. Lashawn responded 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with such unfeigned astonishment when we all leapt out 2
    2
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    Take It to the Next Level


    of the kitchen that I think she had had no inkling of the 2
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    surprise party.
    1
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    univocal (adjective) With a single voice. While they came 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from different backgrounds and classes, the employees
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    were univocal in their demands that the corrupt CEO 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    resign immediately. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    unstinting (adjective) Giving with unrestrained generosity.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Few people will be able to match the unstinting 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dedication and care that Mother Theresa lavished on the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    poor people of Calcutta. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Word Origin Latin urbs 5 city. Also found in English suburb and urban.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    urbanity (noun) Sophistication, suaveness and polish. Part 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the fun in a Cary Grant movie lies in seeing whether
    2
    1
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    the star can be made to lose his urbanity and elegance in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the midst of chaotic or kooky situations. urbane 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (adjective). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    usurious (adjective) Lending money at an unconscionably
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    high interest rate. Some people feel that Shakespeare’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 portrayal of the Jew, Shylock, the usurious money lender 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in The Merchant of Venice, has enflamed prejudice 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    against the Jews. usury (adjective).
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    Latin validus 5 strong. Also found in English invalid, invaluable, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    prevail, and value.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    validate (verb) To officially approve or confirm. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    election of the president is formally validated when the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    members of the Electoral College meet to confirm the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    verdict of the voters. valid (adjective), validity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vapid (adjective) Flat, flavorless.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Whenever I have insom- 2
    1 nia, I just tune the clock radio to Lite FM, and soon 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    those vapid songs from the seventies have me floating 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 away to dreamland. vapidity (noun).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    venal (adjective) Corrupt, mercenary. Sese Seko Mobuto 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was the venal dictator of Zaire who reportedly diverted 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    millions of dollars in foreign aid to his own personal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fortune. venality (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 veneer (noun) A superficial or deceptive covering. Beneath 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    her folksy veneer, Samantha is a shrewd and calculating 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    businessperson just waiting for the right moment to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pounce. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    venerate (verb) To admire or honor. In Communist China, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Mao Tse-Tung is venerated as an almost godlike figure.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    venerable (adjective), veneration (noun). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    veracious (adjective) Truthful, earnest. Many people still 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    feel that Anita Hill was entirely veracious in her 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    allegations of sexual harassment during the Clarence 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Thomas confirmation hearings. veracity (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    verify (verb) To prove to be true. The contents of Robert L.
    1 Ripley’s syndicated “Believe it or Not” cartoons could 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    not be verified, yet the public still thrilled to reports of
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “the man with two pupils in each eye,” “the human 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    unicorn,” and other amazing oddities. verification
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Latin verus 5 true. Also found in English verisimilitude, veritable, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Word Origin 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and verity.
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    veritable (adjective) Authentic. A French antiques dealer 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    recently claimed that a fifteenth-century child-sized suit 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of armor that he purchased in 1994 is the veritable suit 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of armor worn by heroine Joan of Arc.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 5: Verbal Review

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    vindictive (adjective) Spiteful. Paula embarked on a string 2
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    of petty, vindictive acts against her philandering boy- 2
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    friend, such as mixing dry cat food with his cereal and 2
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    1
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    snipping the blooms off his prize African violets. 2
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    viscid (adjective) Sticky. The 3M
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    company’s “Post-It,” a 2
    1 simple piece of paper with one viscid side, has become as 2
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    commonplace—and as indispensable—as the paper clip. 2
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    2
    1 viscous (adjective) Having a gelatinous or gooey quality. I 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    put too much liquid in the batter, and so my Black Forest 2
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    cake turned out to be a viscous, inedible mass.
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    2
    2
    1
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    vitiate (verb) To pollute, to impair. When they voted to ban 2
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    smoking from all bars in California, the public affirmed 2
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    their belief that smoking vitiates the health of all people, 2
    2
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    not just smokers. 2
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    vituperative (adjective) Verbally abusive, insulting. Eliza- 2
    1
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    beth Taylor won an award for her harrowing portrayal 2
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    of Martha, the bitter, vituperative wife of a college
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    professor in Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia 2
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    Woolf? vituperate (verb). 2
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    volatile (adjective) Quickly changing; fleeting, transitory;
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    prone to violence. Public opinion is notoriously volatile; 2
    2
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    1
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    a politician who is very popular one month may be 2
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    voted out of office the next. volatility (noun). 2
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    volubility (noun) Quality of being overly talkative, glib. As 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Lorraine’s anxiety increased, her volubility increased in
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    direct proportion, so during her job interview the poor 2
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    interviewer couldn’t get a word in edgewise. voluble 2
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    1 2
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    (adjective).
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Latin vorare 5 to eat. Also found in English carnivorous, devour, 2
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    Word Origin 2
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    and omnivorous.
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    voracious (adjective) Gluttonous, ravenous. “Are all your 2
    2
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    appetites so voracious?” Wesley asked Nina as he 2
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    1
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    watched her finish off seven miniature sandwiches and 2
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    two lamb kabob skewers in a matter of minutes. 2
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    voracity (noun). 2
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    1
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    wag (noun) Wit, joker. Tom was getting tired of his role as 2
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    the comical wag who injected life into Kathy’s otherwise 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    tedious parties. waggish (adjective). 2
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    Part III: Section Review

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    whimsical (adjective) Based on a capricious, carefree, or 2
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    sudden impulse or idea; fanciful, playful. Dave Barry’s 2
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    Book of Bad Songs is filled with the kind of goofy jokes 2
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    1
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    that are typical of his whimsical sense of humor. whim 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (noun). 2
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    2
    1 xenophobia (noun) Fear of foreigners or outsiders. Slobodan 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Milosevic’s nationalistic talk played on the deep xeno- 2
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    2
    2
    1 phobia of the Serbs, who after 500 years of brutal
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    Ottoman occupation had come to distrust all outsiders. 2
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    zenith (noun) Highest point. Compiling the vocabulary list 2
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    1
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    for the Insider’s Guide to the GRE was the zenith of my 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    literary career: after this, there was nowhere to go but 2
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    downhill. 2
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    2
    1
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    1
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    1
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    1
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    2
    1
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    226 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter

    6
    Analytical Writing Review
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    Analytical 101: Fundamental Essay Writing Skills 2
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    The two-essay Analytical section is the first section you encounter after 2
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    surviving the interminable form-filling-out pre-GRE shenanigans. It does 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 not have much in common with its Math and Verbal siblings. The 2
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    Analytical section is scored differently, structured differently, and takes 2
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    longer to complete than both other sections combined. This last point can 2
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    be somewhat frustrating if your Analytical score is not relevant to your
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    particular graduate program, since you will have to spend the first 75 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    minutes of the test mucking about and wasting valuable brainpower units
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    in a section that’s not important to you. If this is the case, conserve your 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 energy for the sections that matter, but don’t blow off the section either. 2
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    1
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    Note

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    If you are an international student or if English is your second language, 2
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    your Analytical score might be scrutinized by universities to determine 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    how fluent you are in English. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    Immediately after you complete your GRE CAT, your Quantitative and 2
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    Verbal scores appear on the screen. The Analytical score takes two to six 2
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    weeks longer to get, since your essays must be sent off to “GRE-Land,” 2
    2
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    1 where they are read and graded by professional readers. These readers 2
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    might be English graduate students, former English teachers, or educa- 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tional professionals of one ilk or another. Whatever their background, the 2
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    1 professional readers share some traits in common:
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. They are experts in the essay-writing format and are well- 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    qualified to make judgments about the effectiveness of a
    1
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    particular essay. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. They use a shared rubric to evaluate both essays and decide upon 2
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    a single score for each test-taker. 2
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    227
    Part III: Section Review

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    3. All the ones who give out the lowest scores are members of Mrs. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Smith’s 8th grade class at Lawrence Middle School. 2
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    The ugly-sounding term rubric often rears its head when the topic of essay 2
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    grading comes up. A rubric is little more than a set of rules, or standards, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    regarding a topic like essay-writing. Since essay-grading is inherently 2
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    subjective, a rubric helps codify certain general points that every good 2
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    Tip
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    essay should have. Standards like “Every essay should have a clear, 2
    1 well-articulated point of view” and “A well-written essay will contain a 2
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    series of concise supporting details that back up the argument” are two 2
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    2
    2
    1 examples that usually appear on an essay-writing rubric. Although a
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    rubric helps professional readers standardize the essay-grading process, 2
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    there is still room for interpretation and differences of opinion. 2
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    The third point might not be factually accurate (it’s more of an outright lie), 2
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    but the other two points are true. Both essays are read, evaluated, and given
    1 a score from 0 to 6 by two different readers. A 6 is the highest score, while a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    0 means you didn’t make much sense or use
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 real words. You can get half- 2
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    point scores if one reader gives you a 4 while another gives you a 5; if that’s 2
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    the case, you end up with a 4.5 on that test. If two readers disagree by a lot, 2
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    then a third reader is brought in to help resolve the disagreement. 2
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    A 4 or 5 are both good scores, a 3’s a bit dodgy, and a 1 or 2 show you have 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 some deficiencies in the essay-writing arena. The goal of this section is to 2
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    give you the knowledge needed to score at least a 4 on the essay. A 5 or 6 is 2
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    1 also a possibility, but the primary goal is to keep your score above a 3. 2
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    Level 2 Analytical, which begins on page 245, focuses on scoring a 6. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Issue Essay 2
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    1 For an idea of what the issue will be, look no further than the official GRE 2
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    Web site, www.gre.org. Every possible issue topic is listed there (the 2
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    current link is www.gre.org/issuetop.html, but this might change if the site 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    gets redesigned). There are more than 200 topics listed, so writing sample
    1 essays for each one would not be the best use of your time. Then again, it 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    wouldn’t hurt to practice writing a couple of sample essays from this list if 2
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    you feel your essay-writing skills need work.
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    Looking over the list, you will see that most topics are broad statements 2
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    that leave themselves open for interpretation. A statement like, “A nation 2
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    1 2
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    should be ruled by its telemarketers” is the kind of open-ended topic that 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just dares you to agree or disagree with it. 2
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    228 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    The first essay begins by presenting you with two issues, not just one. You 2
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    get to choose which issue you would like to gab about. You might get two 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    topics similar to the ones below:
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. The creation of a theater company, however small, increases the 2
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    attractiveness of a city to visitors.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The theater company demon- 2
    1 strates that a city is committed to artistic endeavors, and such a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    commitment is usually associated with good governance. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 2. Quick decisions lead to success in today’s business world.
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    2
    2
    1 Since the idea of being sued is always unappealing, the two sample topics
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    Alert!

    listed here are NOT from the official list.


    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 They’re not even close to any of 2
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    the topics listed there, thank goodness. Rest assured that the methods and 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    strategies discussed throughout the section will work on all the topics 2
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    from the official list, even though these two sample topics are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    NOT—N.O.T.—from the official list.
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    1 2
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    It’s nice to have a choice of two topics to write about, but don’t waste too 2
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    much time deciding which one you want to discuss. The clock starts 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    counting down once the topics appear, so you want to decide as quickly as 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    possible. Every second you spend thinking about the topic you don’t 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choose is time completely wasted. You want to maximize the amount of 2
    2
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    time you have for the topic you do choose, so read the two choices and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 then ask yourself, “Which topic can I write about more?” Getting words 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 onto the screen is key, so make a decision about which topic you feel more 2
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    loquacious about. If you’re the kind of person who reads the Wall Street 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    Journal, choose the second topic. If you’re someone who flips through the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Wall Street Journal searching for comics and movie reviews, the first topic 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is probably better for you.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Once you pick a topic, you need to decide whether you want to agree or
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disagree with the initial statement. Each topic sentence presents one side of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    an issue, and it’s up to you to “present your perspective on an issue” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (that’s the official moniker for this part of the Analytical section). It 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    doesn’t matter whether you choose to agree or disagree, since there’s no 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    single “right” answer to these topics. All that matters is how well you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    explain your side of the argument with supporting details arranged in a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    logical manner. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Let’s say you choose the first topic sentence, and feeling cantankerous you 2
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    decide to disagree with the opinion that theater companies increase the 2
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    attractiveness of a city. With about 43 minutes remaining, take about 5
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    minutes to brainstorm some ideas that will help support this viewpoint. Jot 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    these points down on scratch paper, and try to decide where you want to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 229
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    Part III: Section Review

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    place them in the essay. There is a fine balance between spending time 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    formulating your essay outline and getting down to actually writing it. The 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more planning you do, the better your essay will appear in terms of 2
    1 organization. Countering this attribute is the fact that a well-planned essay 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    of only two paragraphs is not as good as a four-paragraph essay with some 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 continuity problems. Five minutes is a good amount of time to plan. After
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    that, start clacking those keys. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 As stated on page 28, your typing speed is a factor in the Analytical 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    section, since getting words into the computer can be a time-consuming 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 process. Take the test on page 28 to see how many words you should be
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    able to type for the first essay. If you are a speedy typist, you can give 2
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    X-Ref
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    yourself a little more time to brainstorm ideas and organize your 2
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    thoughts. If you are an average typist, shoot for a four- to five-paragraph 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    essay. If you are a very slow, hunt-and-peck, are-these-letters-moving-
    around-on-me? kind of typist, you’ll need to improve your speed. You 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 want to be able to write at least 400 words for the first essay. Start 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    keeping a journal on your computer, write letters to your friends, type out 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a manifesto, but do something to increase your speed so that your slow 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    typing no longer becomes an issue that can affect your score. 2
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    Take the time now and jot down some ideas about how theaters do not 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    make a city more attractive to visitors. You might have some ideas similar 2
    2
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    1 to the ones below, but the topic is broad enough that there are many 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    different ways to craft an essay arguing that this is not true. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. The introduction of a local theater company has little or 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    no impact at all on a cityÕs attractiveness to visitors. (Main 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    idea, first sentence) 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2. Local theater is not something that most visitors think 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    about when considering a city—pollution, crime, economic
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vitality all bigger factors. 2
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    1 3. Tourist attractions can increase a cityÕs attractiveness, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    BUT 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    —How much of a draw is a ÒlocalÓ theater? 2
    1 2
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    —Except for NYC Broadway, what place is known for its 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    plays?
    2
    1
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    —One-of-a-kind natural wonders, or museums of one 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    type of another, these are things that increase a cityÕs
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    attractiveness. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    230 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    —In this light, local theater is about as important as a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    local grocer. Everyone likes having one, but itÕs not some 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    kind of tourist draw or city enhancement. 2
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    4. Also, some lousy governments have presided over great art, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    so connection between governance
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    and pursuit of artistic 2
    2
    1
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    excellence pretty flimsy. 2
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    The last statement attacks the link connecting artistic endeavor with good 2
    1 governance, but the other statements don’t have anything to do with it. 2
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    Statement 4 might make it into the essay, but it’s not crucial that it does. If 2
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    this essay were untimed, it would help to mount a comprehensive attack 2
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    1
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    on all salient points that you want to disagree with, but hey! This is Essay 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Writing under Pressure, and no one expects you to be able to cover all 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bases with the paltry amount of time available. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Statement 1 provides your perspective on the issue, placing you firmly in 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the “I’ve listened to the original statement and I disagree” camp. Make
    1 sure you very clearly state whether you are for or against the original issue,
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    and do so in the first one or two sentences. The readers are not going to 2
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    spend four hours on every essay. It’s more accurate to say that they will 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    spend less than 10 minutes on both essays combined, in which case you
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    want to have your position very clearly stated right away, in plain view and 2
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    for everyone to see. Mentally, a reader can then place a check alongside the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    rubric standard that says, “Every essay should have a clear, well- 2
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    1 2
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    articulated point of view.” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Your first paragraph could look like something like this: 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
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    Although a local theater company can have many positive 2
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    1 effects on a community, it is unlikely that such a company will 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have any impact on how visitors view that city. There are many
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    different ways people consider a city not their own. While there 2
    1
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    are certainly some people who use theater as part of their 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    criteria, this number is probably very small. It is much more 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    likely that most visitors will use other factors to decide
    1
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    whether or not a city is attractive to them, and the existence 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of a local theater will not even be an issue. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    One paragraph down, three to go. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Having stated your position, you must now back it up. The readers will 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 expect your second paragraph to back up your position using specific 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 details, so don’t disappoint them. Flesh out Statement 2, and use precise 2
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    examples whenever possible. Cite specific examples that work in your 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 favor. The point is to be convincing by using facts to state your point. You
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    can’t just say, “C’mon! Believe me! I know what I’m talkin’ about!”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 231
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sample Second Paragraph 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    (A) Looking back over the past ten years, many of the Most
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    popular cities in the U.S. became popular for reasons that had 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nothing to do with theater. (B) Seattle became known as a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    place where the trendiest rock-and-roll
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    music was created. 2
    2
    1
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    (C) That was good enough for a lot of young people. (D) Silicon 2
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    Valley was the center of the Internet explosion, and people 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 flocked there in search of great jobs, not great Shakespeare.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (E) Several older cities revitalized their image with large 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    public renovations like the Harbor
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    project in Baltimore. 2
    2
    1 (F) BaltimoreÕs harbor area now contains restaurants, malls,
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    an aquarium, and various other tourist attractions. (G) No 2
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    local theater, though, showing how it was not factor. 2
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    Admittedly, this is not the greatest second paragraph the world has ever 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 seen. Sentence A capitalizes the word Most for no reason. Sentences B and 2
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    C could probably be combined to form one single good sentence instead of 2
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    two choppy sentences. Sentence D is a bit vague on details, with phrases
    like Silicon Valley and Internet explosion tossed around with little 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    explanation. Sentence E has the word Harbor capitalized incorrectly. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Sentences E, F, and G are all culled from the author’s brief visit to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Baltimore last year, so a bold statement like G is not known to be 2
    2
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    1 definitively true. They are just the author’s recollections from a brief 2
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    three-day visit two years ago that were dredged up from memory to help 2
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    bolster a point on the standardized test. Someone could go to Baltimore or 2
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    do research in a library to determine whether or not local theater was a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 factor in the Baltimore harbor renaissance. However, that someone is not 2
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    going to be the reader of your essay, since this individual has only a couple
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    1 of minutes to read through your essays, assign a grade, and then move on 2
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    to the next. In other words, while you can’t—and shouldn’t—lie outright, 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can use broad, plausible facts to prove your point. Looking over the 2
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    statements made in the second paragraph, you can see that all of them are
    1 a nice blend of specificity (naming the actual city) and generalization 2
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    (“people flocked there in search of great jobs”). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For all its faults, this second paragraph uses a host of supporting details to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    back up the initial perspective stated in the first paragraph. That is exactly 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what you want a second paragraph to do in order to get a good score on 2
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    1 this essay. If this were an untimed essay, you would be expected to correct 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mistakes like improperly capitalized words, and you might also be 2
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    expected to provide actual data. For instance, an untimed essay should 2
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    1 provide actual census figures for the growth rate (and unemployment rate) 2
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    232 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    in Silicon Valley between 1990 and 2000, and it should probably give a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more precise geographical location than just “Silicon Valley.” 2
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    But this isn’t an untimed essay, is it? The people reading this essay don’t 2
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    expect exact facts. They are looking for a slew of supporting details that 2
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    back up the original position, and that’s just what the second paragraph 2
    1 gives them. The paragraph covers three different areas of the country and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    shows how local theater was not a factor in making them attractive to 2
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    2
    2
    1 visitors.
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    With the first paragraph firmly supported by the second, it’s time to 2
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    change tack.
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    2
    2
    1
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    Your third paragraph should be the “I understand the other side of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    argument, I just don’t agree with it” paragraph. Somewhere in your essay 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the readers want to see that you understand both sides of the issue, and the 2
    2
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    third paragraph’s as good a place as any. So throw the opposition a bone, 2
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    but then show how this little point still does not alter the fact that your
    1 initial position is the superior one.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sample Third Paragraph 2
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    (H) Of course people do enjoy going to the theater occasion- 2
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    ally, so having a local theater company would make a city
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    more attractive for some. (I) But who, exactly? (J) You would 2
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    1 think a ÔlocalÕ theater would benefit the local population the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    most, and that visitors would hardly notice it. (K) Most people 2
    1 2
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    who come in from out of town want to go see large, unique
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    tourist attractions like Graceland or an exceptional natural 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    wonder like PikeÕs Peak. (L) The local theater is there to raise
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    the artistic consciousness of the community, not attract 2
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    visitors from another city who may well have a Local theater 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    scene of their own.
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    Again, this paragraph is not flawless, nor does it have to be. All it must do 2
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    is show that you are a balanced person able to see both sides of an issue, 2
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    and that you have reasons for rejecting the opposing side in favor of your 2
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    own. Sentence H is the proverbial bone, and the rest of the paragraph does
    1 its best to explain why this viewpoint is not as strong as your own. This is
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    done by making broad, plausible statements with a dash of specificity if 2
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    possible. Sentence L works fine as, “Most people who come in from out of
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 town want to go see large, unique tourist attractions or exceptional 2
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    natural wonders.” It works better by including precise examples, since this 2
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    helps reinforce the point and it shows the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 reader that you can cite specific 2
    2
    1
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    examples if you have to. Think of it as your way of saying, “If I had time, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 233
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    Part III: Section Review

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    I would bore you with precise details, but I only have time for a few right 2
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    now.” 2
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    Specific examples like this help mask some other, vaguer claims. For 2
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    instance, what exactly does the “artistic consciousness of the community” 2
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    in Sentence E mean? The precise meaning is up for grabs, but it sure sounds 2
    1 good, doesn’t it? Readers skimming their way through this essay won’t 2
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    pause, place their chin in their hand, and deeply reflect upon the exact 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 meaning of that phrase. Instead, they’ll just go “uh-huh” absently and
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    keep on blazing through the text. You will get the benefit of the doubt due 2
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    to the time constraints of the format. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    With three paragraphs in the bag, it’s time to check the clock. If you have 2
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    less than 5 minutes left, you should hammer out a concluding sentence or 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two for paragraph four and then glance over the rest of your essay. Try to 2
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    catch any obvious grammatical errors, and try to work on the overall flow 2
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    of the essay, making sure that one paragraph flows well into another. You 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 could use this time to combine Sentences B and C in the second paragraph, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for instance. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you finish three paragraphs and have around 10 minutes left, then you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    can use the word-processing format to your advantage in the following
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ways: 2
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    1. Write a 2- to 3-sentence final paragraph that restates your take on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the initial proposition. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Look through everything you’ve written and catch any blatant 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    grammatical mistakes. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 3. Now, try to slip in another paragraph between the third 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paragraph and the final one. Your conclusion is already in place, 2
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    so you don’t have to worry about ending your essay properly. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    You can use the remaining time to create a fourth paragraph that
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    piles on more detail to support your belief. You might attack the 2
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    “good governance” angle at this point, which is something you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    haven’t really addressed in the rest of your essay. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. When the clock hits 1 minute to go, stop work on the fourth 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paragraph and make sure the transition between it and your final 2
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    1
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    paragraph is smooth. If you only had a chance to write two 2
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    sentences in the fourth paragraph, then just tack your two- 2
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    sentence conclusion to the end of it. However, if you were able to 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    write 3–5 sentences in the fourth paragraph, don’t combine the 2
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    1 2
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    final paragraph with the fourth.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    234 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    If you had to write out your essay, you wouldn’t be able to go back and 2
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    insert an entire paragraph into the rest of the text. Yet the computer format 2
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    allows you to do that, so you should take advantage of it. Writing the final 2
    1 paragraph first fulfills the rubric standard, “restates original position 2
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    clearly,” a basic requirement in essay-writing. You can then use the 2
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    2
    2
    1 remaining time to expound upon your perspective on the issue. No one
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    except you will know that you didn’t write the entire essay out in perfect 2
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    linear fashion. All they will see is a well-organized
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    five-paragraph essay. 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sample Last Paragraph to Write First 2
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    2
    2
    1 Local theater has benefits, but these benefits serve mainly
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    the community itself and remain unknown or of no concern to 2
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    outsiders. Therefore, the creation of a local theater 2
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    company is unlikely to have any impact on whether or not a 2
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    city is attractive to outside visitors.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1
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    Then, squeeze in a fourth paragraph above that can go something like: 2
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    (M) Furthermore, while the connection between theater and 2
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    city attractiveness is fairly slim, the connection between art
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and good government is even more so. (N) A city might provide 2
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    public funds to help a local theater get started. (O) Although
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    1 some would like this, others would call it bad government,
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    since that was tax money that could be spent elsewhere, like 2
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    in a public school or to provide more police officers. (P) In this
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    light, the connection between theater and government would 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    be considered bad government since public funds are being
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    spent poorly. 2
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    1 This fourth paragraph has mistakes just like the others before it, but it still
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    achieves its purpose, which is to show your ability to approach the issue 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from more than one angle. Sentence N sets up a “what-if” hypothesis, and 2
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    then Sentence O shows how this could be considered poor government.
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    Sentence O is a bit unwieldy, but that’s OK, since the phrase “like in a 2
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    public school or to provide more police officers” shows that you could be
    1 more specific . . . if only you had more time (fake sigh). Since you don’t
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have enough time, the essay has to stay as is. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Grouping all the sample paragraphs together gives you a good blueprint 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 on how to achieve a solid score on the first Analytical essay. You don’t 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have to follow this blueprint exactly, but it wouldn’t hurt you if you did. 2
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    Whether or not you add any variations, make sure that your first essay 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    clearly contains the following points: 2
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Key Points to Include on the First Essay 2
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    1. A Clearly Stated Position. Don’t send the readers on a scavenger 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hunt to see how you feel about the issue. Make sure your point of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    view is clearly stated. Basically, you will either disagree or agree
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    2
    2
    1
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    with the initial topic sentence. The safest place to state your point 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of view is the first paragraph. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 2. A Cartload of Plausible Supporting Details. You can’t use the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    phrase “because I say so” to back up your argument. You need to 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 come up with believable reasons that justify your position. The
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more specific they are, the better, but the format of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    time-intensive essay will prevent you from using hard data. You 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    could memorize an almanac or census book if you like, but this is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    probably not a good use of your time. Instead, paint with broad
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    strokes with phrases like, “many people enjoy fine seafood” and 2
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    1 “computer skills are becoming increasingly important in the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    modern world.” Both of these statements are believable, even 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    though they contain no hard facts. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. Demonstrate That You Can See Other Side’s Point of View, Even 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Though You Disagree with It. Sadly, actual debate is very rare, at
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    least on television. On TV, most shows put two implacable 2
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    1 enemies on screen together, and then watch both sides use every 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sophistic trick in the book to browbeat their opponent and win 2
    1 2
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    the argument. It might make for entertaining TV, but it’s a lousy
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discourse. Such an extreme, unbending position is the exact 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    opposite of what you want in your essay. Take a sentence or two
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to show how you understand the opponent’s point of view, and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then use the rest of the paragraph to explain why you feel this 2
    1 position is not as strong as the one you believe. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. Have a Clear Conclusion. It’s a basic point of every essay, and the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    readers will be looking for it. If possible, try to rephrase your 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    original position. Don’t use the exact same words as you did at the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    beginning of the essay. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Look at the some of the sample issues at the GRE Web site and decide how 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you would approach them using the information in the chart above. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Would you agree or disagree? What facts would you use to support your 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    case? How would you show that you understood the other side’s view? If 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Analytical score is important to you, give yourself 45 minutes and 2
    1 practice writing some sample essays. Use a computer to type out your 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    236 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    response, since you want to practice your typing skills as well. Since there 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are about 240 topics listed, it is not very likely that a topic you practice on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    will be one of the ones you get for your actual GRE. Then again, stranger 2
    1 things have happened, and people do get lucky. If you glance over a bunch 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    of the issue topics—say, about half of them—and think about how you 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 would respond to them, you will be making your own luck.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The last thing to note is that you should take the entire 45 minutes on the 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 essay. When it’s over, stretch your fingers and get prepared for some more
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    typing. The Argument essay is next on the menu. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    The Argument Essay 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The second essay is 15 minutes shorter than the first, and you are only 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    given one topic. A lengthy list of possible topics can again be found at the
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    GRE Web site, specifically at www.gre.org/argutop.html. Most topics are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 around 100 words in length and are written to resemble editorials, memos, 2
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    letters, and reports from fictional people or businesses. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Read a bunch of these “arguments” to get a feel for what they are like. The
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first thing you should notice is that every argument has a point. Quite 2
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    often, this point is the first sentence, although in other instances it is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    farther into the text. The point—which can also be called the topic 2
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    statement, main idea of the argument, or conclusion—is a judgment or
    1 belief made by the author of the topic. This point can be something like,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    “Therefore, people should try to reduce their intake of salmon if they are
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    concerned about mercury poisoning” or “It is obvious that higher salaries 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
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    will lead to a higher number of new products.”
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    1 2
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    Words like therefore, clearly, and thus are big signposts that scream,
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    Note

    1 “Main point up ahead!” These words are often used after a series of 2
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    supporting details, and they act as a verbal transition between the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    supporting details and the main idea supported by the details. You should 2
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    be familiar with them, as it is likely you used one of these exact words 2
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    1 when restating your main point at the end of the first essay.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The main point of the argument is something that can be disputed. To help 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    convince you of the main idea, the author surrounds the main idea with 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    supporting details that back up the initial claim. These supporting details 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    serve the same function here as the supporting details you created for the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 first essay: They provide facts that support the author’s claim. Some 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arguments consist of one supporting idea, which is fleshed out and 2
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    described in detail for the rest of the paragraph. Other arguments make 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    3–4 different points, each of which supports the main point. If you scan
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    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    through the sample passages provided online, you can find examples of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    both types, as well as many more that fall between these two poles. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The ability to dissect each argument into a main idea and its supporting 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    details is the first step to doing well on the second essay. If you feel you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    need some practice at this, take a sheet
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of lined paper and write the 2
    2
    1 following:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The main idea of this argument is:
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The supporting details used to make this claim are: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Scroll through the GRE argument passages, pick one at random, and place 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it into the above template. Determine the main idea, and write out that 2
    2
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    1 sentence in the space provided. Then list the supporting details that back 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    up the claim. Since some details might be connected, make a note like ↔ to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    show that two facts are linked. Repeat this exercise several times until you 2
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    are able to spot a conclusion and its supporting details with little difficulty. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 It should help that you spent the first essay deciding on your own point of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    view and then backing it up with supporting details. For the second essay,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the main point and supporting details have been given to you. You just 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have to determine which is which. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    When you’ve sliced apart a bunch of essays, look with a skeptical eye at the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    conclusions and the supporting details used to prove them. How airtight 2
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    1 2
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    are these arguments? Are any of these arguments going to be eligible for 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the Nobel prize in logic? 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    The answer is “No.” A thousand times, no! Every single one of these
    2
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    arguments can be attacked and discredited in one way or another. To 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 succeed on the second essay, your primary mission is to recognize these 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 errors and write about them. 2
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    238 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Find the Flaw 2
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    The second essay is officially called “Analyze an Argument,” but you
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    should think of it as a game called “Find the Flaw.” Using this name will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    get you in the proper mindset. When you read the argument essay, you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    want to be much more critical than you usually are. When doing regular 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reading, people often give an author the benefit of the doubt and keep an 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    open mind that what is being written could be valid. This means you might 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    read an editorial, mentally shrug, and think, “Yes, I suppose that could be 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 true.”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You don’t want to be so kind on the second
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    essay. Once the clock starts 2
    2
    1 ticking, your goal is to:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. Read the argument 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Determine the main point
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. Determine the supporting details 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. Brainstorm alternatives that attack either the main idea or a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    supporting detail 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5. Write about these flaws in the argument 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A run-through of these steps can be shown using this sample argument
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (which once again has NOT been plagiarized from the official site). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The following memorandum was written by the President of 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Dextrose Bank. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “The President of Sucrose Bank, our main competitor, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    recently mentioned that over half of Sucrose’s new 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    customers were people passing by who simply walked in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the front door. With this in mind, a large portion of this
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    year’s marketing budget will be shifted to improving the 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exterior look of our bank. This will make our bank look 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more attractive to people passing by, and we should be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    able to attract new customers the same way Sucrose 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 Bank did.”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Having read the paragraph, Step 1 is complete. Now it’s time to determine 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what the main point is. Some of you might think the main point is, “a large 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    portion of this year’s marketing budget will be shifted to improving the 2
    2
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    exterior look of our bank,” since this is the big change at Dextrose Bank. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 However, keep in mind that a main point is a point of view. It’s something 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 that a particular person believes, but it’s not a fact. The statement, “A
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    large portion of this year’s marketing budget .
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    . .” is a fact. You can’t agree 2
    2
    1 or disagree, so it’s not a point of view.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 239
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Again, thinking about the first essay will help you determine the main 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    point of the second essay. Recall how you decided whether to agree or 2
    1 disagree with the initial statement, since this subjective statement could be 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901

    Tip
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interpreted either way. The main idea of the argument essay will be a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    statement you could either agree or disagree with, although you want to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    do more disagreeing than agreeing. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The conclusion reached by the President of Dextrose Bank is that spending 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    money on the exterior “will make our bank look more attractive to people 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passing by, and we should be able to attract new customers the same way 2
    1 Sucrose Bank did.” This is the President’s belief, but it’s not a fact like “the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    temperature is currently 80 degrees.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Just for starters, some people might think the bank looks less attractive, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    and others might like the way the bank looks but not go in and start a new
    account because of it. Both of these scenarios call the President’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 conclusion into question. While the President’s point may or may not be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    valid, it is still the conclusion, so Step 2 is complete. Once you have the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    conclusion, pretty much everything else becomes the supporting details 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    used to justify the claim, so Step 3 falls into place as well. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Reading the argument and determining what’s what should take no more 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    than 3 minutes, leaving you with 27 minutes for the last two steps. With 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 any essay (even a timed one), it’s always a good idea to do a bit of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    brainstorming before you start writing. This essay’s no exception, so spend 2
    2
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    1 about 3–5 minutes coming up with ways to show why the President’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    conclusion might not hold true. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You wouldn’t have to write out every alternative. Just take quick notes to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    remind yourself. Once the clock reads 23 minutes to go, you should stop
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 brainstorming and start writing. Your first sentence can be something like, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    “Although [Main Point . . . Blah Blah Blah] has some validity, it does not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hold up to intense scrutiny. There are several ways that this conclusion can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    be proven wrong, such as. . . .” Then you put your essay-writing cap on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 and light the sucker up for all its flaws.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    To do this, you need to come up with alternatives to what is assumed in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    text. These alternatives require a little bit of creativity on your part, but 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    once you practice on some sample passages, you’ll get the hang of it. These 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    alternatives—you can call them alternative reasons, outcomes, explana- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 tions, scenarios, and possibilities—are all designed to undercut a specific 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 part of the original text. Look at the previous chart that shows the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    conclusion. The bank president assumes that the new look “will make our 2
    1 bank look more attractive,” so Alternative #1 is created by simply stating 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    240 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Finding Flaws in the Argument 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Conclusion: “This will make our bank look more attractive to people 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passing by, and we should be able to attract new customers the same 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    way Sucrose Bank did.”
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Alternative #1: What if people don’t like the new look? This 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would discourage them from entering,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the exact opposite of what 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is wanted. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Alternative #2: What if exterior appearance
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    had nothing to do 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with Sucrose’s success with walk-ins? If Sucrose was located near 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a busy, trendy supermarket, people might walk in and start an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    account there because it was convenient. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Supporting Detail: “With this in mind, a large portion of this year’s
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    marketing budget will be shifted to improving the exterior look of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 our bank.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Alternative #3: What if Dextrose has had success with radio and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    print ads? Taking money in the budget away from these 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    successful marketing strategies might hurt the overall number of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    new customers. Walk-ins might increase, but they wouldn’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    counteract the number of customers lost by abandoning or
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 cutting back on the proven methods of radio and print ads.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Alternative #4: What if there are better ways to spend money and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    attract walk ins? Dextrose Bank could leave the exterior as is, but 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    throw a benefit concert featuring local musicians. This might
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 generate a large crowd of people who then sign up as new 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    customers. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Supporting Detail: “The President of Sucrose Bank, our main
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    competitor, recently mentioned that over half of Sucrose’s new
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    customers were people passing by who simply walked in the front 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    door.”
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Alternative #5: Putting it bluntly, what if the President of Sucrose 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Bank is lying? Suppose the Sucrose Bank president made those 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    remarks knowing that his/her counterpart at Dextrose Bank 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would react strongly to them? If this is the case, then the Dextrose
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    President has been played like a violin, and large amounts of
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Dextrose Bank marketing money are being spent to counter a 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    claim that is not even true. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 241
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a different outcome. To flesh out Alternative #1, you could have something 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    like the following paragraph. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (A) The President of Dextrose Bank believes that the new 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    look will make the bank more attractive to passers by, but 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 this is not necessarily true. (B) Some people might not like the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    new decor, and avoid the bank for that reason. (C) For 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    example, suppose the bank spends a
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lot of money and plants a 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    large number of flowers and bushes around the parking lot. 2
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    (D) However, the state is in the midst of a severe drought. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (E) Some people might think the bank looks nice, but others
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would believe that the bank is foolishly wasting water and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    money during a drought. (F) These people would be turned 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    off by the expensive remodeling, considering it wasteful
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and boorish. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Sentence A is the set-up sentence. It clearly states which part of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    argument you are going to attack. As you might expect, starting every 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paragraph with a simple set-up sentence is a good game plan. Sentence B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    states an alternative outcome, showing how this alternative leads to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    actions opposite of what the bank president assumes will happen. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Sentences C and D are where you have to get a little creative. Basically, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    need to think of a reason why people would not like a new exterior for a 2
    2
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    1 bank. The sample above goes the “ecological conservationist” route, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    setting up a mythical drought that the cads at the bank care nothing about. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sentences E and F explain why the eco-conservationists are now less likely 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to open an account at Dextrose Bank now that the exterior has been 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 expensively remodeled. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The “eco-conservationist” route is not the only explanation you can give. 2
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    You could also say, “Suppose the renovations to the exterior require large 2
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    parts of the bank building (including the bank sign) to be covered in 2
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    Alert!

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    scaffolding and other construction materials. This might make it hard for
    1 people new to the area to realize that the building under construction was 2
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    a bank. Since newly moved people are more likely to need a new account, 2
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    the work on the exterior would hurt Dextrose’s ability to sign these
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    people up.” This isn’t perfect, but perfection isn’t required for a 2
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    30-minute essay. You just need to show that you can break down an 2
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    1 argument and come up with alternatives.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    The essay does not require you to go out and actually find an 2
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    eco-conservationist who supports your opinion. You do not need to have a 2
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    sentence that shows the national membership figures for the Sierra Club. 2
    2
    242 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    All you have to do is come up with a plausible (there’s that word again!) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    alternative that shows how the initial point might be wrong. Once you 2
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    explain your alternative, you have done what is needed for the second 2
    1 essay. Now you need some more of it, so it’s time to start another 2
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    paragraph and attack something else from the original argument. 2
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    1 If you are wondering why the emphasis is on finding flaws in the 2
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    argument, the answer is simple. The GRE readers aren’t going to be kind 2
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    2
    2
    1 to an essay that states, “After looking over the argument, everything the
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    speaker claims is true.” Anyone who doesn’t understand the argument can 2
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    write this, so it doesn’t really show that you did any thinking. The readers 2
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    1 want evidence of some mental work on your part. This is why you must 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    attack the argument, pulling it apart and coming up with alternative 2
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    possibilities that subvert the main point. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    However, you can recycle the old “I understand both sides of the issue, but 2
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    they’re wrong” concept from the first essay. This is done below with 2
    2
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    1 Alternative #3. 2
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    (G) The Dextrose Bank President has decided to shift Òa
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    large portion of this yearÕs marketing budget . . . to improving 2
    (H) A new exterior might indeed 2
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    the exterior look of our bank.Ó
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    bring in some new customers, since a bold new exterior might
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    increase walk-in interest. (I) However, the shift in marketing 2
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    1 money might not be the best for the overall number of new
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    customers. (J) Suppose the shift in money means that the bank 2
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    can no longer do many print and radio ads? (K) If these ads 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    were very successful, their decline might mean fewer new
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    1 customers come in after reading or hearing an ad. (L) This
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    means that the number of walk-in new customers increases, 2
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    but the number of radio and print new customers drops. 2
    1 2
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    (M) Overall, this might lead to a decline in the total number
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    of new customers, and Dextrose Bank will be worse off. 2
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    Sentence G is a set-up sentence that uses quotes to show exactly what part 2
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    of the argument is going to be scrutinized. Sentence H shows, “Hey, dude, 2
    2
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    I can totally see where you’re coming from.” The other side of the issue has 2
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    1 now been given a little credit. The rest of the paragraph proceeds to show 2
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    why this point of view is flawed. Sentence I is a transition sentence, as you 2
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    go from agreeing to disagreeing. The next four sentences follow the same 2
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    1 blueprint as the first paragraph. Sentences J and K create a hypothetical 2
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    situation—which you can totally make up so long as it’s somewhat believ- 2
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    2
    2
    1 able—and Sentences L and M show how this hypothetical situation will
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    lead to an outcome exactly opposite of what the Dextrose Bank President
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    Part III: Section Review

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    assumes will happen. Not every sentence in this second paragraph is stellar, 2
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    and if you had time, you might not want to use both radio and print ads. 2
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    Using only one would simplify the paragraph and still get the point across. 2
    1 But you don’t have time, so it doesn’t matter. The second paragraph is fine 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    as it is for a 30-minute “Analyze the Argument” essay. 2
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    1 After two paragraphs, you might not have much time left. Following the 2
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    template of the first essay, write a brief closing and then use any remaining 2
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    2
    2
    1 time to hammer out more alternatives. Your closing might be something
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    like the following: 2
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    2
    2
    1 The Dextrose Bank PresidentÕs plan to gain more new walk-in
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    customers might work. However, if it doesnÕt, it could be 2
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    because of one of the reasons listed above, since the 2
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    PresidentÕs plan is by no means foolproof. 2
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    1 The above closes out the essay nicely. The vague phrase “it could be 2
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    because of one of the reasons listed” works quite well, because you 2
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    wouldn’t be expected to list every one of the reasons in the closing. You 2
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    can now use all the time remaining to add as many reasons as you can type. 2
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    When the clock starts flashing 3 minutes, finish up the sentence you are 2
    2
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    writing and then look over the essay for any grammatical mistakes. 2
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    Correct any mistakes you can find until the clock winds down. Once the
    1 time is up, the essay will vanish, and the Analytical portion of the GRE will 2
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    be over.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    . . . And One More Thing 2
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    The following words were used in this chapter. They are all college-level 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 vocabulary words that might appear on the Verbal portion of the GRE. If 2
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    you didn’t know the meaning of these words, add them to your vocabulary 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lists now. The best way to improve your vocabulary is to learn new words 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in the context of reading, so find the definitions of all the words below and 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 then look back and find them throughout the chapter:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cad proverbial
    2
    1
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    cantankerous renaissance
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    endeavor rubric
    2
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    1 interminable scrutiny (three different times!)
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    1 loquacious sophistic 2
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    moniker
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    244 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Take It to
    the Next Level
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    2
    2
    1
    Acing the Essays
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    The fundamentals of sound essay writing are covered earlier in this 2
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    chapter. If you follow those basic steps—clearly stated main idea in first
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    paragraph of first essay, finding the flaw in the argument for the second 2
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    essay, and so forth—you should get a decent score on the Analytical 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 portion of the GRE. However, if you are an English major or someone 2
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    shooting to get into a highly competitive program that stresses writing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    skills, a decent score might not be all that you want. Anything less then a 5 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    might not be enough; you want a 5.5 or ideally a 6.
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    There’s no way to guarantee you a perfect score. Essays are just too 2
    2
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    subjective, and one reader’s idea of an excellent essay might differ from 2
    2
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    what another reader thinks a perfect essay should look like. But there are a 2
    2
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    1 host of different strategies you can use to transform a good essay into a 2
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    superior essay, and these strategies will be covered in this chapter. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Mixing It up on the First Essay 2
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    Since the first essay is longer and requires more mental work than the
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    1 second, it stands to reason that this essay affects your overall Analytical 2
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    score more than the second essay. The first essay is also more open-ended, 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which gives you a greater range of creativity on this essay than on the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    second. For the second essay, the goal is to “analyze the argument,” and
    1 this limits your responses since you must stay focused on the argument
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    given. This set-up is good news for you, because it means that you can 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    demonstrate your snazzy writing skills on the essay that counts more 2
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    toward your overall score. 2
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    Before delving into specific techniques to improve your essay, the general 2
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    theme you should shoot for is to write a “standard essay, but with frills.” 2
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    Think of a perfect score of 6 as a 4 1 2. The 4 comes from having all the 2
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    basic requirements needed in an essay, such as a main idea supported by 2
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    1 details. Every essay needs the basics, and yours is no exception. Yet most 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    245
    Part III: Section Review

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
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    students are familiar with the basic essay format, so just writing a standard 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    essay might not be enough to get you a 6. That’s where the “12” idea 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    comes in. The extra 2 points comes from distinguishing your essay in some 2
    1 way. Your overall goal is to make your essay different in a way that shows 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    you are capable of writing more than a standard essay. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    The “4 1 2” concept seems to imply that simply writing a basic essay will 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    never get you a score higher than a 4. This is not its purpose, nor is the 2
    1 implication true. If you totally nail a basic essay—a clear main idea, great 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
    set of supporting details, excellent organization on the paragraph and
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 sentence level, and good overall grammar—you could easily earn a 6 that
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    way. In the end, it all depends on the reader. The point behind the “4 1 2” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    concept is to emphasize that adding advanced writing flourishes will help 2
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    separate your essay from the standard essays. If you add these flourishes 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    well, it will greatly increase your chance of getting a 5 or 6 since you will
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    be demonstrating your advanced writing ability. 2
    1 2
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    How you decide to make your essay stand
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 out from the pack is up to you. 2
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    Here are three different methods that you can use: 2
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    1. Tweak the Basic Format 2
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    It’s a simple fact that repetition leads to boredom for most people. You 2
    2
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    1 have to think that GRE readers get tired of seeing the same essays over and 2
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    over again. This doesn’t mean they’ll start giving out bad grades to 2
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    standard essays. It means that they might
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    perk up a bit if your essay plays 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the basic format a bit. 2
    1 2
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    For instance, the basic essay starts with the main idea clearly stated in the 2
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    first paragraph. So tweak the format by placing your main idea in the 2
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    1 second paragraph. Use the first paragraph to “set the scene,” vividly 2
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    describing an imaginary scenario that will back up your claim. Or start the 2
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    paragraph off with a good quote, provided the quote could then be used to 2
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    back up your point. Do something that captures the reader’s attention 2
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    while remaining relevant to the discussion at hand. 2
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    Page 229 earlier in this chapter listed two fictitious essay topics. The first 2
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    one has already been discussed, so we will use the second topic to take it to 2
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    the next level. 2
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    2
    1
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    246 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    Sample Topic: 2
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    Quick decisions lead to success in today’s business world. 2
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    Setting the scene with an imaginary scenario. (agrees with the topic) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The owners of Murpu Labs face a quandary. Over the past 2
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    2
    2
    1 six months, theyÕve worked long hours developing a new
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    software program that makes it easier to transfer video 2
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    images over the Internet.
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    This market is currently 2
    1 underserved, and large profits are available for a company 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that fulfills customer demands in this area. Yet the Murpu 2
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    software still has some bugs to
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 be worked out. With start-up 2
    2
    1
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    money drying up, the company owners find themselves 2
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    pondering the question, ÔDo we release the flawed software 2
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    or not?Õ 2
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    Take It to the Next Level


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    MurpuÕs owners should stop deliberating and start selling, 2
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    since speedy decisions are crucial in todayÕs business world.
    1
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    If you have knowledge of an actual business that hesitated and lost, by all 2
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    means use it. Using a historical anecdote here would be even better, since it
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    would give your argument the weight of some real historical events behind 2
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    it. However, a lack of precise business history will not hurt the stylistic 2
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    2
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    effects of the anecdotal first paragraph. You just create a fictitious 2
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    company and place them in the situation you want them to be stuck in. 2
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    1 The point is to give the first paragraph some punch by creating a specific
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    situation, one that draws the readers in and has them wondering how they 2
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    would act if they were running Murpu Labs. 2
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    2
    The sentence that starts the second paragraph, “Murpu’s owners should 2
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    1 stop deliberating and start selling, since speedy decisions are crucial in 2
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    today’s business world” ties into the first paragraph and shows just where
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    1 you stand on the topic. It’s your viewpoint, cleverly placed in the second 2
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    paragraph, not the first. You can then expound upon this theme for the 2
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    rest of the second paragraph. 2
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    1 Since you started out with software as your business model, you can make 2
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    that the I-see-the-other-side-of-the-coin angle for the third paragraph, too. 2
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    Speedy decisions are critical in the fast-paced computer 2
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    software world, but itÕs true that other business areas are not
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    so time-intensive. Banking, and institutional lending in general, 2
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    1 are two areas in which deliberate decision making are well 2
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    established. Yet technology has a way of speeding up the pace 2
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    1 2
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    of the world, and even such ancient sectors as banking might
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    find themselves pushed to make decisions more rapidly than 2
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    they would have in the past.
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    Part III: Section Review

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    In the sample essay outlined earlier, only one paragraph is devoted to 2
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    showing the other side’s point and then shooting it down. You can alter 2
    1 this standard essay format by creating every paragraph in the “I see your 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Tip
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    side, but mine’s stronger” mold. Each paragraph would start off with you 2
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    stating your opponent’s viewpoint, but would then explain why your side 2
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    1
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    of the argument is better. This is a little tougher to pull off in a short 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    amount of time, which is why it would make your essay stand out. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    The above paragraph shows how you can alter the initial outline of an 2
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    essay just a bit, and still keep the rest of it the same. As always, you use 2
    1 vague yet plausible facts that cannot be disputed. The phrase “institutional 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    lending in general” sounds very good and could mean such a huge range of 2
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    things it’s not even funny. In a time-intensive essay where readers can’t 2
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    pause and deeply ponder, it fits wonderfully. 2
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    Instead of starting out with a scenario, you could also begin with a quote.
    2
    1
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    Starting things off with a quote. (disagrees with the topic) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Edward Young once wrote, ÒBe wise with speed; a fool at forty 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    is a fool indeed.Ó Although the English poet and dramatist lived 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    over three hundred years ago, YoungÕs words are still relevant 2
    2
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    today. They highlight the fact that rash decisions are often 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    bad decisions, and such foolishness leaves people open to 2
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    1 2
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    embarrassment and other unwanted consequences.
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    1 Quick decisions can also translate to bad business, which is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    why they should be avoided in todayÕs business world.
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    1 Now, the main problem with this set-up is that you have to have the quote 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from Edward Young floating around in your head in order to use it on the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Analytical section. There are three ways to go about achieving this. 2
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    Starting with a quote or adding fictitious scenarios are just two ways to
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tweak the basic essay format. Anything you do that demonstrates you can 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    write more than just a standard essay will improve your chances of 2
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    1 garnering a high score on the Analytical portion of the GRE. Admittedly, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    you have to be able to pull off the altered essay format successfully, so 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    don’t add change just for change’s sake. Adopting a writing style that is
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    obviously artificial will not help your cause, so never strain or stretch to 2
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    place a quote just to give your essay a quote. If tweaking the essay format
    1 in some way feels good to you, do it. Your instincts are better than you 2
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    might think, and a more natural writing style can greatly benefit your 2
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    essay, as you will see in the following section.
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    2
    2
    1
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    248 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    Three Ways to Have Snappy Quotes Floating around in 2
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    Your Head
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    2
    2
    1
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    1. Be the Kind of Person Who Likes to Memorize Quotes. Many 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    English majors like nothing more than to snap off a few lines
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    of Shakespeare to prove their point. You might find this habit 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    annoying in the real world, but in GRE-Land it’s quite a useful 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 habit. Even if you’re not an English major, many people have
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    proverbs (like “Haste makes waste”), Biblical quotes, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    snippets of famous speeches floating
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    around in their grey mat- 2
    2
    1
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    ter. These quotes can all be used if the situation warrants it. 2
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    One caveat is that you want to use quotes that are as “literary” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as possible. Shakespeare is good but John Dryden is better, 2

    Take It to the Next Level


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    since a Dryden quote shows that you have knowledge of
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    famous literature that goes beyond the basics. If you need help
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 remembering this idea, think of the acronym FIBTS: Faulkner 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Is Better Than Seuss. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2. Start a List of Cool Quotes You Like. This method works best 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    if you are someone who reads literature on a regular basis. If 2
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    you do, you should come across neat phrases that make you
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    think to yourself, “Hey! That sentence rocks!” Start a quote 2
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    1 list where you write down these good phrases. The list will 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    help you remember the quote, and you can always refresh 2
    1 2
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    your memory by rereading the list from time to time.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. Memorize a Bunch of Quotes for the GRE. This might not be 2
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    the best use of your time, but to achieve it, all you need is a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    book of famous quotes and a computer connected to the 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Internet. Use the computer to scroll around and view all the
    2
    1
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    different GRE essay topics, and use the quote book to 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    rummage for quotes that you think would work well for each 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    topic. This idea is part of a larger plan to prep for the essay 2
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    1 section, and it will be discussed in greater detail starting on 2
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    page 251. 2
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    1
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    2. Use Your Voice 2
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    Writing in your voice is the best way to help distinguish your essay from 2
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    others, but it’s the hardest one to achieve. There’s no way to really teach
    1 voice, either, since a person’s voice must come from the individual.
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    However, the idea of voice can be discussed
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    and described, and you can 2
    2
    1 take it from there and run with it as long as you can.
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    Part III: Section Review

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    In writing, “voice” refers to an author’s distinctive style of using words. 2
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    Many established writers have such a unique voice that you can 2
    1 determine when a piece of writing is theirs after a couple of sentences. 2
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    Suppose you read the words, “Round about there/In the Valley of 2

    Tip
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    Crair/Lived an old Hoobavax/By the name of Snare” and were asked to 2
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    1
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    determine the writer. You would probably guess the well-known 2
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    children’s author Dr. Seuss, since these words are written in the voice of 2
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    Dr. Seuss. 2
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    Take a moment and think about your own writing. Look over some old 2
    1 journal entries, term papers, poems, or short stories, if you have any laying 2
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    around. Is your writing very serious, or do you include humor whenever 2
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    possible? Do you prefer a short, terse journalistic style full of short 2
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    sentences in small paragraphs, or do you tend toward lengthy paragraphs 2
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    with long, highly developed sentences? No answer is better than another. 2
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    1 The overarching goal is to differentiate your essay from the pack (in a 2
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    good way), and using a style that’s your own is an excellent way to do this. 2
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    Like everything, using your voice has some qualifiers attached to it. Not 2
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    every type of voice can be used for an essay. For an example of an inap- 2
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    propriate voice, suppose you like to write in a style similar to the French 2
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    writer Celine. Your essay would be a mishmash of thoughts connected by 2
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    1 ellipses . . . like hearing a story through a strobe light . . . every other phrase 2
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    making its way through—others, blacked out . . . Mon Dieu! That’s a 2
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    1 terrible style to use for an essay. The reader will not say,”Hmm, an homage 2
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    to Celine!” The response will be more along the lines of, “This clown doesn’t 2
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    know when to use a period.” As you can see, some styles are just too radical 2
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    1 to use on the essay format. If you are gunning for a 6, you probably have 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    enough of a writing background to know when you’ve crossed the line
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    1 from strong voice into experimental text creation. 2
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    On a personal note, I like to make jokes while writing. (I won’t go so far 2
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    and claim they are funny.) I could have written an essay without humor, 2
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    but I didn’t see the point in doing so. While the entire text wasn’t a
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    stand-up routine, I told about one joke per paragraph, for both essays. My 2
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    conclusion on the first essay was even a joke. I did this because that’s the 2
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    1 kind of writer I am. My score on the Analytical portion was a 6, which is 2
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    good news for you because you probably wouldn’t want to be reading a 2
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    book from someone who scored a 3. You can say I received a 6 because: 2
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    1 1. I’m a professional writer. 2
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    2. I used my own voice, and this helped
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    distinguish my essay from 2
    2
    1
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    others. 2
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    250 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    3. I told jokes and the bored readers thought my jokes were funny, 2
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    or at least helped break up the monotony of their task. 2
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    There might an element of truth to all three points, but the second point is 2
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    the one you should concern yourself with. Don’t feel you have to shackle 2
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    the way you write in order to conform to the standard essay. Make all the 2
    1 standard essay points as necessary, and then garnish them with sentences 2
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    that are your own. 2
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    1 While the strategy of using your own voice is a good one, it’s not 2
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    something that is easily taught. For more concrete assistance, look no 2
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    further than the last technique, which pretty much reeks of realpolitik.
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    2
    2
    1
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    3.2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Just Prepare Ahead of Time
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    Take It to the Next Level


    You know you have to write 2 essays, and you know where all the sample 2
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    topics are located. It doesn’t take a rocket scientist—or person aspiring to 2
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    1 go to rocket scientist graduate school—to put two and two together and 2
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    realize you can look over the topics and prepare ahead of time. 2
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    The question is not whether you should prepare ahead of time, but how 2
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    much preparation do you wish to do? Writing out roughly 500 sample 2
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    essays would not be the best use of your time. Besides, other people have
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    already done this for you. If you’re interested in seeing what some 2
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    1 sample essays look like, you check out ARCO GRE CAT Answers to the 2
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    Real Essay Questions. You don’t want to use the essays as they appear in 2
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    the book, since this is wrong for many different reasons. Instead, looking 2
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    over the sample essays will give you an idea of what kinds of supporting 2
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    details you could use for each essay. It will also give you a chance to 2
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    1 look over different essay formats. Seeing different ways that supporting 2
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    details are used should help you brainstorm ideas of your own, while
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    1 reviewing different formats should make it easier for you to organize 2
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    your own essay. 2
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    Note

    1 These books are by Peterson’s as well, although there might be similar 2


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    titles by other publishers. The books listed here are the ones rated highest 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    by the author and publisher, but that’s merely a coincidence. 2
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    The importance of spending about 5 minutes brainstorming before writing 2
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    1 your essay is covered on pages 229–230 earlier in this chapter. This 2
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    brainstorming will be a lot better and take less time if you have already 2
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    thought about the topic previously. So even if you don’t want to use the 2
    1 sample essay book, you should still look over some sample topics and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 251
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    Part III: Section Review

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    mentally sketch out how you would approach them. Take about 5 minutes 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for each topic and ask yourself, “Would I agree or disagree with the topic 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sentence? What type of supporting details would I like to use?” You don’t 2
    1 have to write your answers down, although you can if you like. The main 2
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    goal is to acquaint yourself with the topic beforehand, and come up with a 2
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    2
    2
    1 rudimentary idea about how you would want to approach an essay on the
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    subject. This can help you in several ways: 2
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    2
    2
    1 1. If you have a choice between a topic you’ve thought about and
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    one that you haven’t, the decision to choose the one you’ve 2
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    thought about should come very rapidly. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    2. If you get a topic you’ve seen before, you won’t waste any time 2
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    deciding whether to agree or disagree since you already thought 2
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    about how to approach that topic. This should also make coming 2
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    up with supporting details much quicker and easier, leaving you 2
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    with more time to get words into the computer. 2
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    1 3. Even if you get two topics that you haven’t thought about 2
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    already, your brainstorming skills will be greatly improved with 2
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    all the practice. This should translate to less time needed to decide 2
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    whether to agree or disagree, as well as greater ease at coming up
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    with good supporting details. 2
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    Doing the 5-minute brainstorm exercise on several topics is something 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 everyone should do. If you want to be more gung-ho, there are other things 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can do, but these might not be the optimal use of your time. 2
    1 2
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    You could do research to come up with hard facts to use on every essay, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    but it’s not a good idea for two reasons. For one thing, it would take a 2
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    massive amount of time for very little payoff. Also, if you did include
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    1 something very specific, it might tip the reader off to the fact that you 2
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    prepared beforehand. There’s nothing illegal about this, but it’s not going 2
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    to earn you any Brownie points. It’s much better to appear like you just 2
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    happened to get that particular topic, and you just happened to come up 2
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    1 with the set of supporting details that you did.
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    The2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Second Essay
    2
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    The second essay doesn’t give you as much writing wiggle room as the 2
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    1 first. That essay is more of a writing assignment, while the second essay is 2
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    1 closer to an exercise in logical thinking. Sure, you still have to write, but 2
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    you don’t have to formulate an argument from scratch. You just have to 2
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    2
    2
    1 comment on an argument given to you.
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter 6: Analytical Writing Review

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    Other Ways to Prep for the Essay Beforehand 2
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    1. Prepare a Quote List. As stated earlier on page 248, placing a 2
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    relevant quote is a nice addition to any essay. When 2
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    brainstorming on a sample topic, ask yourself, “Is there a
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    2
    2
    1
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    quote I can think of that would help prove my point?” If you 2
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    can’t think of one right away, you could always do some 2
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    2
    2
    1 searching in a book of quotations like Bartlett’s. Even if this
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    exercise doesn’t land you the quote you want, looking 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    through a book of quotes is often
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    pretty cool. 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. Have Some Snazzy Vocabulary Words Ready to Go. You can 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    compile a list of advanced words that could be brought into 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    play on your essay. For example, in the paragraph where you 2

    Take It to the Next Level


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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    show that you can acknowledge the other side’s point of view,
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    you might have a sentence like, “Although this might happen,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the chances of this occurring are actually very small.” Instead 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of small, use infinitesimal. It means the same thing, but the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    GRE readers will note your use of advanced vocabulary. 2
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    Other good words like specious, verify, quandary (seen earlier 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in this chapter), ratiocination, and blinkered can crop up in 2
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    many point-of-view essays. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 If you are already compiling a list of vocabulary words for the
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    GRE Verbal section, you don’t need to make two lists. Simply 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    keep those advanced words in mind when writing your GRE
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    essays. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Two of the three strategies you used on the first essay work on the second 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one, but the “Tweaking the Essay Format” technique doesn’t really apply 2
    2
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    1 to the second essay. With only 30 minutes, you need to attack the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    argument and uncover the flaws. A basic essay with distinct paragraphs 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    attacking specific points is the best way to do this. If you can add a quote 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    to help make your point, bully for you. However, adding a complex
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    organizational layer might obscure the points you are trying to make, so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    keeping it simple works best. If you want to take a risk and write the entire
    1 second essay as a Socratic dialogue, go right ahead, but this approach will
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    likely be too radical for most readers. A simple format showing complex 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    thoughts is better than a complex format obscuring complex thoughts.
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Using your own voice can work on the second paragraph, but in a limited
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    manner. Again, for the second essay your overall goal is to expose flaws in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the original argument, not display your writing chops. If you can show a 2
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    little personality, by all means do so. It would certainly look good if 2
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    Part III: Section Review

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    elements of your writing style displayed in the first essay appear in the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    second essay as well. That will show the GRE readers that the writing is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    definitely yours, and not something you crafted ahead of time with the 2
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    1 help of others.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The third strategy, preparing beforehand, is the one that works best for the 2
    1 second essay. It is easily the best thing you can do to write a better second 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    essay. The second essay requires you to acquire and display a certain 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 skill—determining the flaws of a short argument—and the foremost way
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to get better at this skill is through practice on real topics. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 To help you analyze arguments, you can peruse the book ARCO GRE 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Tip
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    CAT Answers to the Real Essay Questions. This will give you an idea of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    how to create and write about alternative scenarios that undermine the
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    conclusions and supporting details of an argument. 2
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    1 You do not need to write out entire essays, although you can write out 2
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    some if you feel like it. Focus instead on honing your brainstorming skills 2
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    to the point where you can take any 100-word argument, easily spot the 2
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    conclusion and supporting details, and then start churning out alternatives 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    that show the logical flaws. This can be a completely mental exercise 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    where you spend roughly 5 minutes just thinking about every argument. 2
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    You have 240 arguments to work on, but you probably won’t need that 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 many to get proficient at finding the flaws in an argument. Once you have 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 this skill under your belt, the hardest part of the second essay is done. 2
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    When test day comes, you might get lucky and encounter an argument 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    you’ve worked on, but even if you don’t, it should be easy for you to read 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 the text and begin formulating alternatives. You then place as many of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    these alternatives into a basic essay format as time allows, and give
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    1 yourself a few minutes at the very end to check over your grammar and 2
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    perhaps tighten up a few sentences. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A second essay with a host of strong alternatives is an excellent 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    complement to a first essay that shows some originality in content and 2
    2
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    1 structure. While this combo can’t guarantee you a 6—nothing can, for that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matter—it does present a strong case to the GRE readers that you are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    someone who really knows her stuff on the GRE Analytical section. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    254 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    PART

    IV
    Three Practice GREs
    Preface to Practice Tests 256

    Practice Test 1 258

    Practice Test 2 282

    Practice Test 3 305

    Closing Remarks 329

    PART IV
    Chapter

    7
    Preface to Practice Tests
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Putting Ideas and Concepts into Practice 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    NOTE: Don’t start on any of the following three tests until you have read 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this section. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 The study materials in this book should have your head swirling with 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    information. Although this might lead to strange dreams featuring QC 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems, on the whole it’s a positive thing. The following 3 practice tests 2
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    will give you a chance to put some of the knowledge flitting around in your 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    noggin to good use. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    These tests should be used to give you a chance to test-drive the new 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 strategies and ideas previously presented within this book. It’s important 2
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    you don’t just jump to these questions and start answering them willy-nilly 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 before reading all that came before. If you do this, odds are good you will 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    only help reinforce the faults you had before you started studying for the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    GRE. To truly maximize your GRE score, these tests must be approached 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the attitude that you will use them to try out the various different 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    points and ideas covered so far. Doing this will help you absorb the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 material discussed and make you a better GRE test-taker. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Make sure you take only one test at a time, and then look over the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    explanations to the answers. Everyone will want to read the explanations 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    for the questions that they miss, but it’s also a good idea to look the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answers for the other questions as well. The explanations can give you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    ideas about different ways you can approach a problem; learning about
    1 these different approaches will earn you points toward your Superior 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Test-Taker merit badge. Many people who score poorly on standardized 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    tests do so because they are locked into the mindset that there is only one
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 way to answer every problem. It’s as if every problem is a locked door, and 2
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    only a single correct key can unlock it. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    256
    Chapter 7: Preface to Practice Tests

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
    It’s doesn’t matter if you take these tests under timed conditions or not,
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    although a good plan would be to take the first
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    two untimed and the third 2
    2
    1 one timed. Your real practice with timed GRE sections will come with the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exams, not the CD, since these mimic the adaptive format. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    If you get nothing else from this book, you should learn that this mode of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    thinking is incorrect. There are skeleton keys (general facts you can use to 2
    1 come to the right answer), lock-picking equipment (strategies like 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    estimating and process of elimination), and if worse comes to worse, you 2
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    can just try kicking the door down with
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901your boot (guessing as time runs 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    out). These won’t work every time, but they’ll work more times than you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    might think. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Do your best, and remember that the goal is to learn something from every 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    missed question, and even from some that you answered correctly. 2
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 257
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    Practice Test

    1
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Quantitative 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    28 Questions—45 Minutes 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
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    General Information
    1
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    1. The test has 28 questions. If you decide to take this exam under timed conditions, you have 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    45 minutes to complete the section. 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2. All numbers used are real numbers. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    4. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted. 6
    1 6
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    5. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 answering the question. The figures are drawn closely to scale unless otherwise noted. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: For questions 1–14, Column A and Column B will have one quantity each. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Your goal is to compare the quantities in each column and choose 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A if the quantity in Column A is greater 6
    1 6
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    B if the quantity in Column B is greater 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C if the two quantities are equal
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D if the relationship between the two quantities cannot be determined from the
    6
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    1 information in the problem
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    On some questions, information about one or both quantities will be given. This informa-
    6
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    1 tion will be centered above the two columns.
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    258
    TEST 1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B Column A Column B 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1. h56 4. |x| 5 3, |y| 5 4 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The number of The number of y2x 1 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    minutes in h hours degrees in the sum
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of the angles of 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    a square
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    5. The sum of the
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 = 49 1 =8 6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    three smallest 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    prime numbers
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
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    6. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    a2 6
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    The hypotenuse 6
    1 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    squared minus
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    1 itself
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    a2 1 ab 1 a 180 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    a 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3. A square has a side that is h inches long. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    h2
    The number of 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    inches along the 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    perimeter of the 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    square 6
    1 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 259
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B Column A Column B 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    7. Jackie, Beth, and Allison each have 10. A triangle has one side of length 4 and 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 different cars and park in a three spot another of length 10.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    parking lot behind their house. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    5 The length of the
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The number of 7 third side of the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    possible different triangle
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    arrangements of
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
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    their cars in the 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    three spots
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 11. The median of the The mean of the 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    even integers 10 even integers 10 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    through 18 through 18 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 8. Twice the circum- p inclusive inclusive 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    ference of a circle
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    divided by two 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    times its diameter
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    9. One is less than a, and a is less than b. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    12
    2
    F
    a
    2
    2
    b
    2 12aGS D F S D G
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1
    a
    3 b
    a
    6
    2
    1
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    3b
    2 4
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The length of GH The slope of GH 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 times 24 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    260 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 1
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B 16. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 y
    6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    13. A and B are distinct digits. 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    |A 1 A 1 B| 28 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 x 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 60
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    14. The local pet store has 73 cats and dogs.
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    40 of them are female, and 35 are 6
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    The linear equation that accurately 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    dogs. There are 9 less male cats 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    corresponds to line r is 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    than male dogs.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. y 1 2 5 22x 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The number of The number of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. y 2 2 5 22x 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    female cats male dogs 6
    1 C. y 1 2 5 2x 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. y 2 2 5 2x
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. y 1 2 5 x 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Select the best answer for each 6
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    Questions 17–18 refer to the following graph. 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of the following questions. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 15. If 2x2 5 2x 2 15, then what does x
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    equal? 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    I. 23 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    II. 3 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    III. 5
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    A. I only 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. II only
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. I and III only
    6
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    17. Which month had the fewest reported
    6
    1 D. II and III only
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    incidences of flu? 6
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    E. I, II, and III 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. January 1962 6
    1 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. June 1962
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. January 1963
    6
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    1 D. February 1963
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 E. April 1963 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 261
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    18. Which two-month period had the greatest Questions 21–23 are based on the following 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    number of reported child incidences of flu? graphs. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. February–March 1962 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. March–April 1962
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. April–May 1962
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    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. April–May 1963 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    E. May–June 1963
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    19. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    If the area of the top of the rectangular 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1 box is 15, what is the surface area of the
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    21. In which quarter was the ratio of criminal 6
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    entire figure? 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    to civil cases the greatest? 6
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    A. 69 6
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    st 6
    B. 72 A. 1 quarter,
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 1970 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    nd
    B. 2 quarter, 1970 6
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    C. 78 6
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    rd
    C. 3 quarter, 1970 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. 85 6
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    th
    D. 4 quarter, 1970 6
    1 E. 90 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    st
    E. 1 quarter, 1971 6
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    1 20. What is the median minus the mode of the 6
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    12
    2
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    following number set {4, 16, 7, 2, 7, 10}? 22. Which of the
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    following best approximates 6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the ratio of female lawyers in Canada in 6
    1 A. 23 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1970 practicing Civil Law to Criminal 6
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    B. 0 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Law? 6
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    C. 3 6
    1 A. 1:2 6
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    D. 5
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    B. 4:1 6
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    E. 9 6
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    C. 1:3 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. 5:1 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 1:4 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    262 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 1
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    23. Which field of law in Canada had the 26. The average fifth grader scored a 15 on 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    greatest number of practitioners in 1970? the GST test. The average sixth grader 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    scored 18 on
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the GST test. There are half 6
    6
    1 A. Criminal Law
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    as many sixth graders as fifth graders. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. Civil Law 6
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    What is the overall average score? 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    C. Corporate Law
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. Real Estate Law A. 15.5 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    E. Public Interest Law B. 16
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. 16.5 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    24. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. 17
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 17.5 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    27. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    In the figure above the non-shaded region
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    is a quarter circle. If the area of rectangle 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ABCD is the sum of 12 and AB 5 4, what 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    is the length of arc BE 1 ED? 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3 6
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    A. p 1 1 6
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    2 Which function is graphed above? 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. 2p 1 1 A. y 5 x 2 1 6
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123452 6
    1 5
    B. x 5 y 2 1 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. p 1 1 2
    C. y 5 x 1 1 6
    12
    2
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    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123452
    D. x 5 y 1 1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 D. 6p 1 2 2
    E. y 5 x 1 1 2
    6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    E. 8p 1 2
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 25. What is the length of the longest distance
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    between two corners of a rectangular box 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    with sides 2, 3, and 4?
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. 2=7 6
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    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. 5 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. =29 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. =33
    6
    1
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 E. 6 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 263
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    28. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The two figures in the circle are squares, 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    each with one corner at the center of the
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    circle and one corner touching the 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    circumference. If the radius of the circle is
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    4, what is the area of the shaded region? 6
    1 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    A. 2(p 2 1)
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. 6(p 2 1) 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. 8(p 2 1) 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. 12(p 2 1) 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 16(p 2 1) 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 Verbal
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    30 Questions—30 Minutes 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Antonyms 6
    1 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Each question contains a word printed in capital letters, followed by five 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    answer choices. Choose the answer choice that contains the word or phrase most nearly
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    OPPOSITE in meaning to the word in capital letters. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 1. ZEAL :
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2. HETEROGENEOUS : 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. enthusiasm A. orthodox 6
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    B. apathy B. abnormal 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. antagonism C. uniform
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. pride D. translucent
    6
    1
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. neutrality E. deficient 6
    1 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    264 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 1
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3. FEALTY : 7. OPPROBRIUM : 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    A. disloyalty A. contempt 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1 B. turbidity B. platitude
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    C. probity C. commendation
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    12
    2
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    D. fidelity D. prescience
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    6
    6
    1
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    E. substantiality E. ennui 6
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    4. ARCHAIC : 8. TYRO : 6
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    2 6
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    A. lusterless A. miscreant 6
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    12
    2
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    B. odious B. curmudgeon
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    1
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    C. clichéd C. virtuoso 6
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    D. customary D. dilettante
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    E. novel E. misogynist 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    5. ASSUAGE : 9. SOPORIFIC : 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1 A. pillory A. stimulant
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. satiate B. exigent 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. blandish C. torpor
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    D. ameliorate D. sophomoric 6
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    E. provoke E. jejune
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6. MERCURIAL : 6
    1 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. emotionally stable 6
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    1 B. bitterly rancorous 6
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    C. embarrassingly sordid 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. constantly morose 6
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    E. extremely melodramatic 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Analogies 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: In each question, there is an initial pair of words or phrases that are related in
    6
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    1 some manner. Select the answer choice containing the lettered pair that best expresses a
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    relationship similar to the initial pair. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    10. PRATTLE : BABBLE :: 11. FAWN : FLATTER :: 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. battle : fight A. praise : criticize 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. digest : eat B. divulge : tell 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. engage : withdraw C. burgeon : grow 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1 D. misconstrue : grasp D. bolster : disapprove
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. mettle : disassociate E. misquote : lie 6
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    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    12. DENOUEMENT: STORY :: 15. ERSATZ : ARTIFICAL :: 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. prologue : novel A. natural : polluted 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1 B. sunset : day B. abstruse : facile
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    C. intermission : play C. caustic : astute
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    12
    2
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    D. sidewalk : bistro D. nascent : incipient
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    6
    6
    1
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    E. traffic : thoroughfare E. ribald : naïve 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    13. FEDERALISM : POLITICAL ORDER :: 16. DIATRIBE : EULOGY :: 6
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    2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. class : student A. recommendation : commendation 6
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    12
    2
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    B. dictatorship : anarchy B. impugnation
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    : chastisement
    6
    1
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    C. colleague : cohort C. rebuke : reproof 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. insomnia : sleep disorder D. verity : axiomatic
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    E. extrinsic : external E. remonstration : encomium 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    14. SPURIOUS : TRUE :: 17. HAGIOGRAPHY: VENERATES :: 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1 A. sporadic : anomalous A. polemic : attacks
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. ingenious : innovative B. vendetta : scares 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. hilarious : witty C. complaint : angers
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. insipid : flavorful D. report : obscures 6
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    E. base : dishonest E. truism : enunciates
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Sentence Completions
    6
    1
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 Directions: Each sentence below contains one or two blanks, with each blank corre-
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    sponding to an omitted word. Find the answer choice that has the word or set or words 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
    6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    18. Although __________ continues on minor 19. Recent advances in research methodolo- 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    points, the __________ themes of the gies in neuroscience have created excite- 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    General’s plan have been accepted. ment in academic circles and have
    6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    __________ greater interest in funding
    6
    1 A. discussion. .peripheral
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    new research projects in the field. 6
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    B. debate. .central 6
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    C. dissension. .cultural A. stymied
    1
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    D. discovery. .main B. intensified 6
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    E. agreement. .basic C. magnified
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. engendered 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 E. multiplied 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    266 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 1
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    20. Although the boom appeared to still be in 23. The professor became __________ after 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    full swing, in the latter years of the attempting to explain the important 6
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    12
    2
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    decade, most economic indicators pointed concept
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    multiple different ways, but her
    6
    1
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    to __________ times ahead. visible frustration only made the student 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    less likely to __________ the material. 6
    12
    2
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    A. leaner
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    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. profitable A. mystified. .assimilate 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    C. healthy B. belligerent. .understand
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. daring C. stupefied. .comprehend 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    E. aberrant D. vexed. .grasp
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    E. agitated. .eschew 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1 21. Though often crude and overly
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    __________, early theories of biogenesis 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    were important for the __________ of the
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    question of life’s origin. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. dramatic. .institutionalization 6
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    1 B. hypothetical. .clarification 6
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    C. inscrutable. .illumination
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    D. schematic. .extermination 6
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    E. simplistic. .advancement
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 22. The lawyer’s argumentation was 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    __________ and factually misleading, but 6
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    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    these problems in his closing argument
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    were masked by his __________ and 6
    1 6
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    superior mastery of language.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. spurious. .elusiveness 6
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    B. debonair. .equivocations
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    C. duplicitous. .dissembling 6
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    D. specious. .eloquence 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. spectacular. .suaveness 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 267
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    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Reading Comprehension 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Questions follow each passage. After reading the passage, determine the best 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    answer for each question based on the passage’s content. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Passage 1 presence of dark matter if the galaxy’s 6
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    12
    2
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    motion requires gravitational interactions 6
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    1 Line The nature and structure of dark matter
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    greater than those afforded by the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    is a primary topic in contemporary 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    galaxy’s light matter. 6
    12
    2
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    cosmology, the sub-discipline of as-
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 (40) Our understanding of dark matter
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    tronomy in which the universe is studied 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    does not extend much beyond this 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (5) as a whole. Dark matter has aroused 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    rudimentary model of matter that is 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    great interest in cosmological circles, 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    gravitationally interactive but electro- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    because current theories of the evolution 6
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    magnetically non-interactive. Since most 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of the universe require the hypothesis 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (45) astronomical probing of the universe 6
    1 that dark matter constitutes nearly 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    three-fourths of the matter in the
    employs light-sensitive instruments, 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (10)
    6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    universe. This hypothesis, if true, makes
    knowledge of dark matter comes only 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    indirectly. Thus, we are left to theoretical 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    understanding dark matter of signal 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    hypotheses about dark matter until more 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    importance to understanding the 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    fecund methods of investigating dark 6
    (50)
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    universe. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    matter are developed. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (15) Dark matter is matter that does not 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 interact with electromagnetic waves— 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    that is, it does not emit or absorb light. 24. The author’s tone toward the future 6
    1 6
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    In contrast, light or regular matter does advancement of our understanding of 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    interact with electromagnetic waves and dark matter is
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 (20) therefore does emit and absorb light. A. deeply pessimistic.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    When astronomers look into space with B. moderately skeptical. 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    electromagnetic sensitive telescopes (or C. guardedly hopeful. 6
    1 6
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    other forms of light sensitive telescopes), D. tenaciously idealistic. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    they can detect light matter but not dark E. basically theoretical.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (25) matter. This is how dark matter earned
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 its moniker. Astronomers are not able to
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    “see” it with conventional telescopes. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The existence of dark matter in a 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    1 particular region of space must be
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (30) inferred from the dark matter’s gravita- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    tional interaction with light matter. Like 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    light matter, dark matter gravitationally
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    attracts all matter and so sustains a 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    gravitational field. As an astronomer
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 (35) studies a galaxy, he or she can infer the
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    268 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 1
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    25. According to the passage, dark matter crowd of narratives the causes, inner 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    workings, and final consequences of the 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    I. gravitationally interacts with light 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (15) Revolution all have differing assign-
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 matter.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ments. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    II. does interact with electromagnetic 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    To the flagship conservative, Edmund 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    waves.
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 Burke, writing contemporaneously with
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    III. is similar to light matter in its 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the events, the Revolution was a sudden 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    gravitational properties. 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    (20) and
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    radical manipulation of the French
    6
    1 A. I only
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    nation by a small class of philosophes, 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. III only 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    literati, and the newly-monied. In Burke’s
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. I and II only view, these so-termed aspirants to power 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. I and III only 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    successively harnessed methods of mass
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. I, II, and III persuasion to incite revolt and to 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (25)
    6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ultimately destroy the basic institutions 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    26. It can be inferred from the third para- of French society and in their place erect 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    a historical novelty, the newly christened 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    graph that
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    1 French Republic. In an instructive
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. light matter sustains a gravitational 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    field. (30) contrast, Alex de Tocqueville, a French 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. regular matter is more stable than provincial aristocrat, writing a few 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    decades after Burke, saw the Revolution 6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    dark matter.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    as a logical consequence and unfolding of 6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. astronomers infer the presence of light
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    matter if a galaxy’s dark matter does the reforms set in motion by the ancien 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    not fully account for gravitational (35) regime. On this account, the Revolution 6
    1 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    interactions. was a continuation of the “administrative
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    revolution” begun by Louis XVI. In this 6
    1 D. dark matter is of primary importance
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    in contemporary cosmology. light, the French Republic was the
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    reasonable outgrowth of the evolution of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. theoretical hypotheses about dark 6
    1 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    matter are becoming more refined. (40) French society that stretched far back in
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the eighteenth century, as opposed to a 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Passage 2 monstrous and cataclysmic break with 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    France’s past. 6
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    Line Though the discipline of historiography 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345Both of these figures, through their 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    purports to be an empirical endeavor free 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (45) respective historical fame, have come to 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of the biases of political persuasion and 6
    1 embody loaded historical mythoi 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    temperament, the actual writing of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    themselves, but the contrast between 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (5) history is often reduced to the role of
    their understanding and interpretation of 6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 ideology’s handmaiden. Histories of the
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the events of the French Revolution is 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    French Revolution serve as a prime 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (50) still illuminating with respect to histori- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    example of this historiographic tendency. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ography. The complexity of large-scale 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of the histories written on the
    historical events resists simplification into 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A survey
    1 (10) French Revolution produces an impres- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    incontrovertible datum in the service of 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    sive array of narratives of late eighteenth
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 one narrative over another. This obtuse
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    century France. Within this diverse 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 269
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (55) reality complicates the historian’s 29. In line 28, the author states that in Burke’s 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    attempt to simply ply her trade, but view, the French Republic was a “histori- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    nonetheless is a facet of historiography cal novelty.” This implies that Burke
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    that must be addressed if history is to be believed the French Republic 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    written with intellectual honesty. 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    A. bore close
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    resemblance to its historical
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    predecessor. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    27. The passage would most appropriately be 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. shared some resemblance to its
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    titled 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    historical predecessor. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. “The French Revolution: Two C. bore no resemblance to its historical 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    predecessor. 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    Competing Views.”
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 D. was the logical outgrowth of its
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. “Contemporary Issues in Historiogra- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    historical predecessor. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    phy.”
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. had minimal institutional continuity 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. “Challenges in Intellectually Honest 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    with its historical predecessor. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    Historiography.”
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. “Methodologies in Intellectual 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    30. The author employs the idea that there are 6
    1 Historiography.” 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    “diverse narratives” (line 12–13) of the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. “Historiography’s Dark Secret.” 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    French Revolution to support the conten-
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    28. The second paragraph’s role in the tion that historiography 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    A. is merely a function of the historian’s 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    passage as a whole is to
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    biases.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. present a view contrary to the one 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. can be influenced by the historian’s 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    presented in the introductory para-
    1 ideology.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    graph. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. is not a science. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. conceptually link the first and third 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. is the discipline of sophisticated story 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    paragraphs. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    telling. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. illustrate with examples the thesis of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. can be manipulated by diverse 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the passage. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    interests. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. offer a complimentary interpretation
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    to the one given in the first paragraph. 6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. attack the topic sentence of the first 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    paragraph. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    270 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    Answers and Explanations

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 The following notes are intended to show you one way in which the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    correct answer can be determined. If you found the right answer using 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    another method, good for you! The more strategies you have at your 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    disposal, the better off you will be. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1Quantitative
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. C For Column A, the number of minutes in 6 hours (since h 5 6) 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can be found by multiplying: (6)(60 minutes) 5 360 minutes, or 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    360. For Column B, you must know that a square has four right 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    angles, all of which equal 90 degrees. This means Column B 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    works out to: (4)(90) 5 360. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This first problem is fairly straightforward, and even though 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    there was a variable involved, definite real numbers were found 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for both columns. Be aware
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that this will change as the 2
    questions get harder. On later problems, the use of variables will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 lead to column quantities that have more than one possible 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer, so even though these problems will resemble this earlier 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    one, finding the correct answer will not be as straightforward.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2. D Since they are a simple shape with a ton of special cases and
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    associated rules, triangles make many appearances on the 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    standard GRE. On question 2, the triangle has a right angle, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 meaning the Pythagorean theorem can be applied. Start with the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    basic Pythagorean theorem: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a 1 b 5 c
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a2 1 b2 2 b2 5 c2 2 b2 (This subtracts b2from both sides)
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a2
    5 c2
    2 b2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A can be written as either a2 or c2 2 b2. As for Column 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 B, the hypotenuse is length c, so the square of the hypotenuse
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2
    minus itself would be c 2 c. Comparing this to Column A, you
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    271
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can see that both have an initial c2 that is then subtracted by 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    either b2(Column A) or c (Column B). The problem boils down 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to how c compares with b2. Frankly, there’s no way to know. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The variable b could be smaller than one, in which case its 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    square would be even smaller. Depending on which numbers 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 you plug in, Column A or Column B might be greater.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. D The perimeter of the square is 4h, but you do not know how this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 relates to h . If, h 5 1 then Column B is greater, but if h 5 10,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then Column A is greater. Note that if you confuse the area of a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    square with its perimeter, you will find the two columns are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 equal, leading you to pick the incorrect answer (C).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. D You might jump to say that the answer is (C), but that would be a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    little hasty. The absolute value sign (those two bars on either side) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means that x could be either 3 or 23, and that y could equal either 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 or 24. Remember that |y 2 x| Þ |y| 2 |x| 5 1. We actually do not 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    know what |y 2 x| equals. It could be seven, or it could be one. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer, then, is (D). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5. A For people rusty with their math terminology, this question 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    looks much more difficult that it really is. The three smallest
    prime numbers are 2, 3, and 5, and their sum is 10. As for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Column B, the square root of 49 is 7. You probably don’t know
    the square root of 8 off the top of your head, but you do know 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that the square root of 9 is 3. This means the square root of 8 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 must be something less than 3. Seven 1 something less than 3 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    something a little less than 10. Therefore, Column A is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6. A In looking at the figure, we can reason that a 1 b 5 180 since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the lines are parallel. Thus, we need to manipulate Column A so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that we can compare it to a 1 b. In the numerator, we can factor 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    out an a and then eliminate it in the following manner:
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a2 1 ab 1 a a(a 1 b 1 1) a(a 1 b 1 1) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 5a1b11 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a a a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This leaves us with a 1 b 1 1, which is 1 greater than Column 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B’s a 1 b 5 180. Therefore, Column A is greater.
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7. B A good way to attack a problem like this is to sketch it out. If J is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    space 1 then there are two possibilities: JBA and JAB. If (B) is in
    1 space 1, BJA and BAJ. If (A) is in space 1, AJB and ABJ. That is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    six distinct arrangements. Can you get anymore? Try to put J in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    space 2, AJB or BJA. You already
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have both of those counted. 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    272 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Try any other arrangement, and you will see that it is a repeat. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (B) is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8. C This one is tricky, but not if you recall that p is defined as the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ratio of the circumference divided by the diameter. If you didn’t 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    recall this, you still could have
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    tried to find an equation that 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 C 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    related all three entities, such as C 5 2pr 5 pd → p 5 . As for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 d 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2C C 2
    1 Column B it can be manipulated like this, 5 5 p. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2d d 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    columns are equal, so the answer is (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 9. D This requires straightforward arithmetic work.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A Column B 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    F GS D F S
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a b 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 12a 3 b
    a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2 a 6
    2 D G
    1
    3b
    2 4
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 5
    ab
    2 12 S
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 3b 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    a
    6 3b
    D 1
    2 12
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ab 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 1 2 12 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You can cancel out the 212, since both columns share it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A and B share the first term, but Column B is the first 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 term 21. Since we are dealing with positive numbers here, that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    makes Column A greater.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    10. B The only way that your triangle
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    could be a triangle is if the third 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    side is greater than 6. If it is not, then the three sides would not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    connect, making an enclosed figure with 3 angles and 3 sides. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This is readily apparent if you attempt to make a triangle with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    sides 1, 4, and 10. Thus, (B) is greater.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    11. C The number set is {10, 12, 14, 16, 18}, so, the median is 14. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mean of any evenly spaced number set is always the median, so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the mean is also 14 (you could also just sum the numbers and
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    divide by 5). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12. B This one is greatly simplified if you realize that you are
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    looking at a right triangle here, and you know two of its sides, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    namely 3 and 4. Using the Pythagorean theorem or recognizing 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it is a 3:4:5 triangle, you can determine the third side is 5. That 2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is the value of Column A. For Column B, the slope of GH can 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be determined by simply counting the rise (4) and the run (3) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 273
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and putting the former over the latter, 2 . Now multiply it, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    4
    3
    S D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    24 5
    16
    3
    5
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ ! 5 , which is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3
    greater than 5. 2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    13. B The greatest that Column A could be is 9 1 9 1 8 5 26, since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A and B are distinct digits, so the answer then is (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14. A A good way to approach this problem is make a table filling in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the information you do know and from that trying to determine
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the information you need to answer the question. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 If there are 73 total animals and 35 dogs, then there are 38 cats.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If there are 40 females, then there are 33 males. If x is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number of male cats, then the number of male dogs is x 19, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since it states there are 9 less male cats than dogs. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The total number of male animals is 33, so x 1 (x 1 9) 5 33 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2x 5 24 → x 5 12. There are 12 male cats and 21 (x 1 9) male 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    dogs. The total number of cats is 38, so that means there are 26 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    female cats. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    15. C There are two ways to find the answer. One way is to plug in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    answer choices and see which ones work or solve the binomial
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expression. You can also solve the equation: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    → 2
    1 2 x 5 22x 2 15 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 x2 1 x2 5 22x 2 15 1 x2 → 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    0 5 x 2 2x 2 15 → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    0 5 ~x 2 5!~x 1 3! →
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 23, 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    16. E The first thing to do is to convert each answer choice into 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    y 5 mx 1 b form. From the graph, you can figure that the slope
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is 21, and the y-intercept is 22. Now you can simply look for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the equation with these characteristics, and (E) is it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    17. C Eyeball the graph to see which months have both adult and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    children graphs near the zero line in the middle. Both Januaries 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    do, but 1963 is clearly a smaller total number. Thus, (C) is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18. B If you notice that March–April 1962 is the only time the child 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    flu incidence exceeds 100, this one will be straightforward:
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer choice (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    19. C If the area of the top of the box is 15, then the third side is of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    length 5 since this length times 3 must yield an area of 15. Now 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    274 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that you know all three lengths you just need to add up the areas 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of all six sides. Four of the sides have an area of 15, which sums 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to 60. The two end sides have an area of 9, which sums to 18. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Add these together and you get (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    20. B Begin by determining the median
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and the mode. The mode is 2
    1 simply the number that occurs the most times in the set. That is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    clearly 7. The median is the number that is in the middle if you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 line them up from least to greatest. The two middle numbers are
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7, so halfway between them is still just 7. The median minus the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mode then is 7 7 0. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 5
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    21. B Look to the number chart to find this one. The ratio we are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    looking for is criminal/civil. Remember that you are looking for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the quarter that has the greatest ratio and not the quarter with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the largest numbers. Look for numbers whose difference is great, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and then compare. The 2nd quarter in 1970 is the answer, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 choice (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22. B You need to be careful on this one. It has a number of steps, but 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    none of them are hard. First, estimate how many female 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    criminal lawyers there are (approximately 10,000). Now
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    estimate how many female civil lawyers there are (approxi- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mately 20,000). So the ratio is, 20,000 to 10,000, which reduces 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to 2:1 or (B). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    23. C As the graph headings make clear, (A) and (B) are not fields of
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    law but are types of law. With that obstacle out of the way, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    merely need to add up the bar graph pairs to see which is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    greatest. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    24. A Since you know the area of the rectangle and one of the sides,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can deduce the length of the second side ~BC 5 3!. This 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    side also happens to be the radius of the quarter circle. Thus the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    circumference of the full circle is C 5 2p(3) 5 6p. But you only 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 need a quarter of the circumference,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which SD
    is 6p
    1
    4
    5
    2
    3
    p. Now 2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    CD 5 4 and EC 5 3, so ED 5 1. So, (A) is the answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 275
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25. C The longest distance between two corners in a rectangular 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    box—though sounding difficult to find—is actually rather easy 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to compute. Simply square all three sides, sum them, then take 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the square root of this sum and you have it. Here it would be: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2 13 14 52 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 9 16 29 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 1 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    whose square root is (C). The other way to do this problem is to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    draw the figure and start using the Pythagorean theorem. You 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    need to find the diagonal of one of the rectangular sides, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then create another triangle using that diagonal, the remaining 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    side, and a hypotenuse, which just happens to be the diagonal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from one corner of the box to another. You end up with the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same answer, (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    26. B The overall average is the sum of all the scores of all the classes 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 divided by the total number of students. You do not have either 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of those numbers, so you have to arrive at the overall average in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    some other fashion. A weighted average would do the trick here. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Since there are twice as many fifth graders, you weight their 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    average with a coefficient of two and the sixth grade average 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with a coefficient of one. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~2!~15! 1 ~1!~18! 5 48 5 16 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    3 3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    27. C On this graph there are two x values for every y value; thus, it is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the x variable that should be squared. Furthermore, when x 5 0 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on this graph, y 5 1, so you need an equation that reflects this. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That is true of (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 28. E You can find the area of the circle since you know the radius (a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    5 gpr 5 16p). If you find the area of the two squares then you
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can subtract from the area of the circle to find the area of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    shaded region. The diagonal of each square is the radius of the
    1 circle, so this number is 4. From this you can deduce that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sides of the square are 2=2. Thus the area of each square is 8. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Incidentally, you know that the squares are congruent because
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the length of their diagonal is the same. This makes the area in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the two squares 16. The area of the circle minus the area of the
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    squares is 16p 2 16, which is equivalent to (E). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    276 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Verbal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Antonyms 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 1. B To have zeal is to have great enthusiasm. The opposite of zeal is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    apathy, choice (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2. C Heterogeneous is the antonym of homogeneous. Homogeneous 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means “to be uniform in kind or quality; similar.” Choice (C) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    comes closest to this.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. A Fealty is loyalty. Thus, if you know the definition, this antonym 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is straightforward, disloyalty, choice (A).
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. E Something archaic is old or antiquated. A good pre-guess then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would be new. In looking down the list of answer choices, only 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (E), novel, fits our pre-guess. In this context, novel is not a noun, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    which you can tell since all choices and the stem word are
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    adjectives. The adjective novel means new, original, or unique. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    E To assuage is to pacify or to satiate. Choices (B) and (D) are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    synonyms, not antonyms. The opposite of assuaging an issue is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to provoke it, answer choice (E). Note that even if you didn’t
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    know what the stem word meant, if you had two answer choices 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that mean almost the same thing, (B) and (D), it’s a good guess
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that neither of them will be right since there’s no way they could 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 both be right. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 6. A If you did not know the definition of mercurial, you might have 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    recalled that mercury was once used in thermometers to gauge 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    temperatures. The mercury goes up and down in a thermometer, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and in similar fashion, mercurial means to have an unstable or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fast-changing mood. The opposite of this is (A).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 7. C Opprobrium means severe scorn, so you are looking for a word
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that means something like approval or praise. Choice (C), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    commendation, fits the bill. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    8. C This is a tough word. Tyro means beginner or novice. Thus a
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    good pre-guess would be experienced. None of the words fit 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with our pre-guess except (C), virtuoso. A virtuoso is a master of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a medium or instrument.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9. A Something that is soporific is sleep inducing. The opposite of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 this then would be something that would wake you up. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Stimulant, choice (A), fits. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 277
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Analogies 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    10. A The stem relationship is definitional: To prattle is to babble. To
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    battle is to fight, so (A) fits. Do any of the others? No. “To digest 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is to eat” does not work because after you eat something, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then digest it. These events come
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in sequence, but they don’t 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mean the same thing. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    11. C Here the relationship between the stem
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    words is one of degree. To 2
    1 fawn is to flatter excessively. In similar fashion, to burgeon is to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    grow quickly. Choice (B) does not share the same relationship of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    degree because it is a relationship of definition (to divulge some- 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    thing is to tell it). Choice (E) might have also seemed attractive, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    but remember to misquote is not the same thing as lying. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12. B The denouement is the end/falling action of the story. Which 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer pair has the same relationship? Choice (B), a sunset, is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the end of a day. If you didn’t know the meaning of
    1 denouement, you should be very wary of answer choices (A) and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (C), which have second words meant to catch people shopping 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for connections. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    13. D Federalism is a form/kind of political order. Going through the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer choices, a class is composed of students, a dictatorship is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    not a kind of anarchy, a colleague might be in a cohort, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 insomnia is a kind of sleep disorder, and something extrinsic is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    external to a thing. Clearly, (D) is the only pair that shares the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same relationship. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    14. D What is the stem relationship? To be spurious is to not be true. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Thus, we have a relationship of opposites. The only answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choice that shares this relationship is (D), since to be insipid is to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 not be flavorful. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    15. D Remember, always begin with the stem relationship. It is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    definitional, as something ersatz is artificial. If you did not know 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the definition of ersatz, you could have eliminated (A) and (C) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since neither has a necessary relationship. Of choices (B), (D), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and (E), only (D)—to be nascent is to be incipient—has the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    definitional relationship. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
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    16. E A diatribe is harsh verbal attack, and a eulogy is a speech of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 praise or remembrance. Thus, the words are antonyms. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stem relationship is a diatribe is the opposite of a eulogy. To 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    remonstrate is to reprove, or stand in opposition to, while an
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    encomium is warm praise. Thus a remonstration is the opposite 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    of an encomium.
    2
    278 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    17. A The stem relationship is one of definition, a hagiography 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    venerates its subject. In (A), a polemic attacks its subject. A 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    vendetta may or may not scare its object. The same is true for a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    complaint. The other choices do not have a strong relationship. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Choice (A) is the answer. If you have trouble with the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 vocabulary, you could look at (C) and (D) and eliminate these
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices for having weak links. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sentence Completions 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18. B On two blank questions, it’s easiest
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to consider one blank at a 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    time. Attacking the second blank first makes most sense since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you know that it is in contrast to minor points (the trigger word 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Although should tip your hand). What is a contrast to a minor
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    point? A major one. You should go look for something like 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    major or important. That eliminates (A) and (C). Into the first 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 blank, debate clearly fits best of the remaining choices, as a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    debate is more likely to have themes than an agreement or 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discovery. So, (B) is the answer.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    19. D The blank is a word that goes along with created excitement, and
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    so it is definitely positive. What is a positive verb that flows with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    greater interest? Created is a good pre-guess. Check the answer
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices, and (D), engendered, fits your pre-guess quite well. 2
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    20. A The “although” at the beginning of the sentence clues you into 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the fact that this is a contrast sentence. The good times spoken of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in the present are contrasted with what is in the blank. What is a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    contrast with good times? Tough times. Choice (A) works well.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    21. E It should be easy to eliminate some answer choices with the first
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    blank since it has to fit with crude. Choice (C) certainly does not 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fit and possibly (A) also. The second blank is a positive word 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since the logic of the sentence is that though the early theories 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    were crude, they were still helpful. Thus we can eliminate (A) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 and (D). Choice (E) works best.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22. D Here the first blank seems more assailable. You know that it has 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to pair with factually misleading. Choices (B) and (E) do not, so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminate them. As for the second blank, you know two things: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    It pairs with superior mastery of language, and it masks the
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems mentioned in the first part of the sentence. Thus, it 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    must be something fairly positive. Choices (A) and (C) do not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meet these requirements, but (D)
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    does. 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 279
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    23. D A pre-guess on the second blank would be a good place to start. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Something like understand works. Checking the answer choices, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    we can eliminate (E). The first blank goes along with the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    professor being visibly frustrated. Choice (B) is out because it 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    does not fit the context. Choices (A) and (C) are okay choices, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 but (D) definitely works best in the first blank.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Reading Comprehension
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    24. C The author’s tone toward the advancement of our understand- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ing of dark matter is most clearly seen in the last sentence of the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passage. There, the author looks forward to a time when “more 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fecund methods of investigating dark matter are developed.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    That is an expression of hope, but not unqualifiedly so (just read
    the first part of that sentence to see that). Thus, (C) is the best 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    answer.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 25. D Here, you just have to go through each proposition and see 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which ones the passage relates to. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Option I—the passage makes clear that this is true. Check 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the third and fourth paragraph for verification of this. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Option II—the passage states the exact opposite of this. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Option III—lines 31–33, “Like light matter, dark matter 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gravitationally attracts all matter.” III then is true. Choice 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    (D) then is correct.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    26. A To start, reread the entire third paragraph. You have to go 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    through the answer choices to see which is a correct inference 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from the third paragraph. For choice (A), the third paragraph 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    reads, “Like light matter, dark matter gravitationally attracts all 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matter and so sustains a gravitational field.” If dark matter 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sustains a gravitational field and dark matter is like light matter 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in this respect, then it can be inferred that light matter sustains a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gravitational field. For choice (B), the third paragraph does not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    mention anything about the comparative stability of light and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    dark matter. Choice (C) has it backward, as astronomers infer
    1 the existence of dark matter from insufficient light matter. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Choice (D) is true, but is stated in the first paragraph, not the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    third. For (E), the third paragraph does not discuss theoretical
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hypotheses about dark matter. Choice (A) is the correct answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    27. C On a question like this, you have to go through the answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices to see which is best. The title, of course, should reflect 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the tone and content of the passage, so you are looking for the 2
    2
    280 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    title that best does this. Choice (A) could be the title of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    second paragraph, but not of the entire passage. Choice (B) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sounds appealing but there is no indication in the passage that 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the issues discussed are just ones for the present time. Choice (C) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    captures the tone and content of the passage and so is a likely 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 candidate. Choice (D) is also appealing except for the phrase
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Intellectual Historiography, which does not appear in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passage. Choice (E) is much too extreme
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in its tone. Choice (C) 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is the best choice. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    C Reread the second paragraph (or at least skim it) and consider 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    28.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 its relation to the rest of the passage. Then, proceed to the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    question. Notice that the second paragraph contains two 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    contrasting examples. The answer choice should reflect this. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    basic thesis of the passage is that there are multiple narratives in
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    historiography of the same events. The content of the second 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paragraph illustrates this thesis. Thus, (C) is correct. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    29. C Go and read the relevant text and be careful to have in mind 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    what Burke’s view is, which is that the Revolution produced a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    result that was a radical departure from the past. On this view 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the phrase historical novelty clearly implies the newness and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    uniqueness of the French Republic. Choice (C) fits this well. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    Choice (E) might have seemed attractive but recall that
    1
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    institutional continuity was never mentioned in the passage. 2
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    That should make you wary of that choice. Choice (D) is the 2
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    view of de Tocqueville, not Burke. So, (C) is the best choice. 2
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    2
    2
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    30. B This question relates to the main idea and tone of the passage. 2
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    1
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    The correct answer will reflect both. 2
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    Main idea: Historiography can be influenced by ideology 2
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    1 2
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    and so intellectually honest historiography should be
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    mindful of this. 2
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    Tone: Guarded optimism that with care historiography can 2
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    be intellectually honest
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    Choice (A) is too extreme. Choice (B) fits well with both. As for
    2
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    1 (C), though the passage states, “historiography purports to be 2
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    an empirical endeavor free of . . . biases” the passage neither 2
    2
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    defines what it is to be a science nor states that historiography is 2
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    1
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    not one. Choice (D) is cynical, and the tone of the passage is not 2
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    (just read the last sentence of the passage). Choice (E) is also 2
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    cynical, more so than the passage is. So, (B) is the best choice.
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 281
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    Practice Test

    2
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Quantitative 6
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    2 6
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    28 Questions—45 Minutes 6
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    General Information
    1
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    1. The test has 28 questions. If you decide to take this exam under timed conditions, you have 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    45 minutes to complete the section. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2. All numbers used are real numbers. 6
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    3. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted. 6
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    4. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted. 6
    1 6
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    5. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 answering the question. The figures are drawn closely to scale unless otherwise noted. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: For questions 16–28, Column A and Column B will have one quantity each. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Your goal is to compare the quantities in each column and choose 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    A if the quantity in Column A is greater 6
    1 6
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    B if the quantity in Column B is greater 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C if the two quantities are equal
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    D if the relationship between the two quantities cannot be determined from the
    6
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    1 information in the problem
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    On some questions, information about one or both quantities will be given. This informa-
    6
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    1 tion will be centered above the two columns.
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    282
    TEST 2
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1. 4. If 3c 1 6d 5 24 and 4a 13d 5 18, what 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    does a equal in terms of c? 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    9 3 6
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    A. 2 c 6
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    2 4 6
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    3 3 6
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    B. c1 6
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    BCDE is a parallelogram. What is its 8 2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    area? 6
    12
    2
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    3 12
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    6
    6
    1 C. c 1
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    A. =10 11 11 6
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    B. 10 1 6
    12
    2
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    D. c 1 4
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    6
    6
    1 C. 10=2 2
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    10=5 3 6
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    D. 6
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    E. c 1 5 6
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    E. 10=10
    4 6
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    2. If &x 5 [x 2 (x 2 1)](x 1 2) then Questions 5–6 refer to the following graph. 6
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    1 &(&(2)) 5 6
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    A. 4 6
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    B. 6 6
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    C. 12
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    D. 18
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    E. 24 6
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    1 3. The price of Company X’s stock started
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the day at $40 per share, rose to $90 per 6
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    12
    2
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    share, and then fell to $45 per share.
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Compared to the price at the beginning of 6
    1 6
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    the day, the final price of the stock was a
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    A. 10% increase. 6
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    B. 10% decrease.
    5. How many millions of years ago did the 6
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    C. 12.5% increase. 6
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    extinction rate reach its highest value? 6
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    D. 12.5% decrease. 6
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    E. 50% decrease. A. 200 6
    1 6
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    B. 245
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    C. 500
    6
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    1 D. 560
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 600 6
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 283
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    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

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    6. In which era did the extinction rate and 9. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    number of families have the same value
    G
    6
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    12
    2
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    the most number of times?
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    1
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    A. Pre-Cambrian
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    12
    2
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    B. Paleozoic
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    6
    6
    1
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    C. Mesozoic 6
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    6
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    D. Cenozoic
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    E. Silurian 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D E
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    7. Which of the following numbers would 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 have a remainder of zero if it were divided The area of square B is 16 meters squared
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    by 3 or 6 and 9? and DE 5 EG What is the area of square 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C in meters squared? 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. 1,024
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    A. 1
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    B. 1,323 6
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    B. 2 6
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    C. 1,506
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    C. 4
    6
    1 D. 1,632
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    D. 6 6
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    E. 1,764 6
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    E. 9 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    8. In the number set {15, 10, 7, 12, 10, 18} a
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    equals the mean, b equals the mode, c 6
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    Questions 10–12 refer to the following graphs. 6
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    equals the median, and d equals the range.
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    Which of the following statements is true? 6
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    1
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    A. a , b 5 c , d 6
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    B. a . b , c . d
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    12
    2
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    C. a 5 b 5 c . d
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    6
    6
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    D. a . b , c 5 d 6
    1 6
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    E. a , b , c , d
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2 10. Which county and crop had the smallest 6
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    percentage change from 1970 to 1990? 6
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    A. County X, Corn
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    B. County Y, Corn
    6
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    C. County X, Wheat 6
    1
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    D. County Y, Wheat 6
    1 6
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    E. None of the above 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 2
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    11. How much on average would ten acres of 14. 6
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    corn in County Y in 1980 produce? 6
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    A. 100 bushels 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. 120 bushels
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. 150 bushels
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    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. 200 bushels 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    E. 220 bushels
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    12. What is the ratio of bushels of corn 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    produced per acre to bushels of wheat 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 produced per acre in County Y in 1980? For the 5-sided polygon above a 1 b 5
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    160 degrees and d 2 b 5 30. How many 6
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    A. 1:1 degrees is c e b? 6
    12 34567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123451 1 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. 2:1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. 70
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    C. 3:1 6
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    B. 125 6
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    D. 3:2 6
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    C. 350 6
    1 E. 3:4 6
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    D. 300 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    13. How many distinct integers less than 100 can E. 325 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    be formulated with the digits 2, 4, and 6?
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    15. What is the sum of the consecutive 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. 9 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    integers from 15 to 55 (inclusive)? 6
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    B. 11 6
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    A. 1405 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    C. 12
    1 B. 1435
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. 14 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. 1465 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 15 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. 1500 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 1587
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
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    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 285
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B Column A Column B 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    16. The circumference The perimeter of a 20. The circumference The perimeter of a 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of a circle with square that has one of a circle with a rectangle with an 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    a diameter 1 diameter of 7 area of 24 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    side equal to 1 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    equal to 2 2
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    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 21. z is a one-digit even integer. The square 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    12
    2
    17.
    S DS D
    1 1
    3 4
    S DS D
    2 1
    3 5
    root of z is also an integer.
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    z 1 z 1 z z 2
    6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    S DS D S DS D
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 2 2 1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    3 4 5 3
    6
    6
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    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    22. $16,000 is invested at 5% simple 6
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    annual interest. 6
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    18. AB 5 CD 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    Interest accrued Six hundred dollars
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    after eight months 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    BC 10t 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    19. 3 2 2x . 5 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    x2
    2
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    286 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 2
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B Column A Column B 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    23. The ratio of a to b is three fourths. 26. 2 2
    x 2 4y 1 7 5 7 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    a˚ = b˚
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    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The area of Seventy-five c 2
    1 a 2
    a 2
    1 b 2
    6
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    sector 1 percent of sector 2 6
    1 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    27. C and D are integers, and C . D. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1 24. The greatest The least common The number of C2 2 CD 1 2C 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    common factor of multiple of 8 and 6 6
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    integers from D to 4C 2 3C 6
    1 24 and 120 6
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    C inclusive
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    25. m and n are integers. 6
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    28. {x, y, x 1 4, z, y 1 3} 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (m 1 n)(m 1 n) (m 1 2n)(m 2 n) This number set is ordered from least to 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    greatest, and x, y, and z are distinct
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 integers.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    1
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    z25 x
    6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 287
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Verbal 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    30 Questions—30 Minutes 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1
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    Antonyms 6
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    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 Directions: Each question contains a word printed in capital letters, followed by five 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    answer choices. Choose the answer choice that contains the word or phrase most nearly 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    OPPOSITE in meaning to the word in capital letters. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 1. PRAGMATIC : 5. GARRULOUS : 6
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    A. reticent A. trepidatious 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. quixotic B. decorious
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. lavish C. irksome 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    D. practical D. gregarious
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 E. hopeful E. taciturn
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    2. COGENT : 6. ENERVATE : 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. unintelligent A. disabuse 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. culpable B. strengthen 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. thoughtful C. maximize 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. unconvincing D. maltreat 6
    1 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. mysterious E. articulate
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3. OBDURATE : 7. MANUMIT : 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. persuadable A. enslave
    6
    1
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    B. gullible B. indemnify 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. litigious C. ostracize 6
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    1 D. manageable D. simplify 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    E. stubborn E. delete
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    4. EBULLIENT :
    6
    1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. stoic 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. stationary 6
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    1 C. stern
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. turgid 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. static 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    288 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 2
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    8. ADUMBRATE : 9. PANEGYRIC : 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. to cease A. assertion 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 B. to blandish B. elegy
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    C. to foreshadow C. dirge
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    D. to make explicit D. dissertation
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    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. to loosen E. obloquy 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 Analogies 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    Directions: In each question, there is an initial pair of words or phrases that are related in
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    some manner. Select the answer choice containing the lettered pair that best expresses a 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    relationship similar to the initial pair. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    10. ECLIPSE : OVERSHADOW :: 14. HALCYON : PEACEFUL :: 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. set : rise A. tectonic : magnetic 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. outstrip : flail B. tempestuous : placid
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. debauch : debase C. surreptitious : clandestine 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    D. overcome : outstretch D. boisterous : rueful
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. pervert : correct E. terrifying : relaxing 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    11. EMPHATIC : INSIST :: 15. DESOLATE : VERDANT :: 6
    1 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. contentious : argue A. destitute : opulent 6
    1 6
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    B. absorbed : engrossed B. rococo : ornate
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. raucous : mitigate C. astringent : severe 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. delusional : rage D. tropical : humid
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. intentional : forget E. technical : detailed 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 12. ASTRONOMER : STARS :: 16. HARBINGER : PRESAGE ::
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. account : financial records A. computer : calculates
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. librarian : books B. television : broadcasts
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 C. historian : past C. liaison : interrogates
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. police officer : laws D. messenger : relates 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    E. magician : tricks E. broker : absconds
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    13. INOCULATE : DISEASE :: 17. ASSEVERATE : AVER :: 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. defraud : conspirator A. beseech : request 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. detest : agitator B. reject : install 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. delight : friend C. answer : reply 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 D. defend : enemy D. enrage : mollify
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. defame : title E. approach : accost 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 289
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Sentence Completions 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Each sentence below contains one or two blanks, with each blank corre- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    sponding to an omitted word. Find the answer choice that has the word or set or words 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    18. Mr. Thomas had, in his local community, 21. The __________ feuds between rival 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    earned the reputation as being somewhat factions of the company’s board destroyed 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of a miser, but a review of his financial the effectiveness of the company’s 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 records revealed he was actually a leadership.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    __________. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    A. fatalistic
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. maverick B. infernal 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. hooligan C. hegemonic
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. maestro D. internecine 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 D. spendthrift E. flagging 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. micro-manager 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    22. Unlike his most recent predecessor, the 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    19. Recent demographic shifts in the popula- newly elected mayor did not appoint 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    friends and associates to high posts in the 6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    tion of Country X have resulted in many
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    traditional political alliances becoming city government, but eschewed such 6
    __________ in favor of a __________-based 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    __________ as nascent political parties 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 __________ large swathes of the electoral appointment criteria. 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    landscape. 6
    1 A. nepotism. .value 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    A. obsolete. .secure B. cronyism.
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    .merit
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. dislodged. .provide C. favoritism. .work
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 C. unhinged. .procure D. jingoism. .resumé 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. solvent. .release E. recidivism. .experience 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. elusive. .gain 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    23. Though customarily marked by deliberate
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    20. Many see the attempt to sway public and __________ prose, the author’s most 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    __________, though ostensibly a process recent correspondence was convoluted
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of popular persuasion, to be __________ and __________. 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    since it has been undertaken employing 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. terse. .tiresome 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    questionable pretences. 6
    1 B. genuine. .superfluous 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. consent. .disreputable C. acidic. .prosaic 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. opinion. .undemocratic D. urbane. .ubiquitous 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    1 C. disfavor. .impractical E. succinc. .prolix
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. ill-will. .treacherous 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. disinterest. .crude 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    290 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 2
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Reading Comprehension 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Questions follow each passage. After reading the passage, determine the best 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    answer for each question based on the passage’s content. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Passage 1 cellular life, it was believed, was a fixture 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    across all biological organisms. Archae-
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    6
    6
    1 Line The existence and novelty of the domain
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ans, in recent decades, have repeatedly 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Archaean has demanded many long- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    demonstrated that the previously 6
    12
    2
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    standing hypotheses in biology to be
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 (40) maintained thermal threshold for life was
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    reconfigured. The most basic challenge 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    far too low. So-called extremophilic 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (5) that the discovery of Archaeans presented 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Archaeans have been discovered to thrive 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    to biologists was classification. Prior to 6
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    in temperatures as high as 160 degrees 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the discovery of the existence of Archae- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    centigrade. Such discoveries have 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ans, life was classified into five king- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (45) required a broadening of biology’s 6
    1 doms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Proto- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    zoa, and Bacteria. But Archaeans, being
    conceptions concerning what environ- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (10)
    6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    such a biological novelty, did not readily
    ments are hospitable to life. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    submit to this system of classification. In
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    fact, an innovation of biological classifi- 24. This passage could best be titled 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    cation was needed to properly place A. “Biological Designations in Transfor- 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (15) Archaeans in the panorama of life. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 mation.” 6
    1 Previously, kingdom had been the most 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. “The Archaean Diversity of Life.” 6
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    general biological designation, but to 6
    1 C. “The Archaean Challenge to Biological 6
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    properly include the Archaeans a new 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Paradigms.” 6
    biological classification, the domain, was D. “Discovering Thermophilic Archaeans.” 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 (20) formulated. Now kingdoms are classified E. “Classifying Thermophiles.” 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    as a sub-group of a particular domain.
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Thus, domain has become the most 6
    1 6
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    general biological designation for life.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A second arena in which Archaeans 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    (25) have challenged accepted hypotheses and
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    broadened biological horizons is in the 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    realm of environmental extremes. It was 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    generally accepted not more than a few 6
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    1 decades ago that no life could exist in
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (30) temperatures much hotter than 60 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    degrees centigrade. This limit was set 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    because it was thought that the molecular
    1
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    integrity of vital cellular components 6
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    12
    2
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    could not be maintained beyond such
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    1 (35) temperatures. The thermal capacity of
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 291
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    25. The passage implies that extremophilic Passage 2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Archaeans 6
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    Line Theoretical Economics faces considerable
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    challenges in developing reliable models 6
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    I. are able to maintain molecular 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    integrity of cellular components past for public choice scenarios. These
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    scenarios involve aggregating individual 6
    12
    2
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    the formerly accepted thermal
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    6
    1
    12 preferences into a public choice outcome. 6
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    threshold of life. (5) 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    II. have been known to exist in moderate An election in a democratic society is a
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    environments for some years, but well-considered example of a public 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    their extremophilic properties have choice scenario. Formulating helpful and
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    only recently been discovered. insightful models of political elections is 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 III. are able to live and thrive in tempera- a perpetual issue in politico-economic
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    (10)
    6
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    tures as hot as 150 degrees centigrade. discourse. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 Many public-choice election scenario 6
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    A. I only 6
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    models begin with the individual as the 6
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    B. II only 6
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    basic building block of the aggregate 6
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    C. III only 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (15) outcome. On this methodology, the 6
    1 D. I and II only 6
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    primary issue is determining a proper 6
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    E. I and III only 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    decision-matrix for the individual in the
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    society under consideration. The deci- 6
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    26. The passage states that a kingdom is 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    sion-matrix is a theoretical construct
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    A. a sub-group within a domain. which—when given the appropriate input 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (20)
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    B. the most general biological designation. 6
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    for a particular situation—outputs the 6
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    C. composed of sub-groups of domains. 6
    1 choice of a rational individual in the 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. a newly formulated biological 6
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    specified situation. The integrity of the 6
    1 classification. 6
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    decision-matrix is the central concern of 6
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    E. an Archaean domain. 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (25) the model-maker. If the decision-matrix
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    appropriately produces the choices of 6
    1 27. It can be inferred from the passage that the
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    individuals in specific situations, then the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    phrase “thermal threshold” in line 40 is
    aggregate model will be useable. How- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. the critical point temperature at which ever, if the decision-matrix inadequately 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the metabolic pathways of extremo- (30) reflects the decision-making process of 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    philes become functional. individuals, the aggregate model will be 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. the temperature at which the molecu- unreliable. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    lar integrity of cellular components of Decision-matrices are often con-
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    structed on the assumption that individu- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    an organism are compromised.
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 C. the thermal capacity of extremophiles. (35) als are rational in decision-making and
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. an environmental extremity indicator. that they predicate decisions upon 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    E. a biological constant across all of self-interest. Furthermore, self-interest is
    1
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    nature. generally construed to mean selfish 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    interests. A serious flaw in such a
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (40) constructional is its disallowal of
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
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    altruistic motivation in the decision- 6
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    292 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 2
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    matrix. It can easily be empirically 29. What is a common assumption of 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    verified that human choice is not decision-matrix construction that the 6
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    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    predominated by altruism, but such author does
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    not dispute?
    6
    1 (45) verification does not warrant the
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. Self-interest should be construed as 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    complete exclusion of altruism from 6
    12
    2
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    selfish
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    interest. 6
    6
    1 decision-matrices. Therefore, altruistic
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. Altruism is a basic motivator of 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    motivators should be possible inputs for 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    human preference. 6
    12
    2
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    any decision-matrix schema that attempts
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 (50) to model human preference C. Individuals are rational in decision-
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    making. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    determination.
    D. Altruism is an irrational predicate. 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1 E. Inputs should be expanded to include 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    self-interest motivators. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    28. The intent of the author in writing this 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    30. The second paragraph in the passage 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    passage is to
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. elaborates on the issues introduced in 6
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    A. offer a radical critique of contempo- 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 rary Theoretical Economics. the first paragraph. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. explain the basic mechanisms of B. presents views in contrast to those 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    modeling public choice scenarios. introduced in the first paragraph.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. contrast two competing views on C. presents the thesis of the passage. 6
    D. argues for the validity of the thesis of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    decision-matrix construction.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the passage.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. explain why in public choice scenarios 6
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    E. describes the intellectual issues 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    decision-matrices should include
    1 pertaining to the thesis of the passage.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    altruistic motivators. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    E. criticize the assumption that society is
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    composed of aggregates of rational
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    6
    6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    decision-makers. 6
    1 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 293
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Answers and Explanations

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 As before, the following notes are intended to show you one way in which
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the correct answer can be determined. Try to concern yourself with the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    methods used to arrive at the right answer, and not focus all your attention 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    on whether you got the question right or wrong. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1Quantitative
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. B The area of a parallelogram is base times height (like with a 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    triangle). The obvious base to choose is ED and then attempt to 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    find its height, or AE. The triangle is a 45-45-90 triangle, and 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    since the hypotenuse is 2=2, the other two sides are 2. So the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    height is 2 and the base is 5, which makes the area 10, or (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2. B Here, you just need to be careful and work through the problem 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    step by step. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    &(2) 5 [2 2 (2 21)](2 1 2) 5 (2 2 1)(4) 5 (1)(4) 5 4, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and now plug this result in: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    &(&(2)) 5 &(4) 5 [4 2 (4 2 1)](4 1 2) 2
    1 2
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    5 (4 2 3)(6) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 (1)(6) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    5 6
    2
    1
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    Choice (B) is the answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. C You can solve this one quickly if you realize that the stock price 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    increased and that it did so more than 10 percent. If you do not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    see this right off the bat, you can always just work the equation 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    for percentage change to get the answer: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    S D40
    ~ 100% !SD
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5
    5
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8
    ~100% ! 5
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12.5% 2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The answer is (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    294
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. B You need to have an equation that has only the variables a and c 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in it. If you multiply both sides of 4a 1 3d 5 18 by two we get 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8a 1 6d 5 36. You can subtract this from the other equation to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminate the d variable; (3c 1 6d 5 24) 2 (8a 1 6d 5 36) yields 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3c 2 8a 5 212. Now you only need to solve for a: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 3 3 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3c 2 8a 5 212 → 8a 5 3c 1 12 → a 5 c 1 , which is (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 8 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 5. D The extinction rate is the solid line, and its highest value is its
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    highest peak. The highest peak is in the early Paleozoic era 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    approximately 560 million years ago.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6. B The extinction rate and the number of families have the same 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    value when the two lines cross. You are looking, then, for the era 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in which the lines cross the most number of times. They do so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    four times in the Paleozoic era, which is more than any other,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    making (B) the answer. 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7. E You can eliminate the odd number right off the bat, because a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number has to be even in order to be divisible by 6. Now you 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just have to go through the remaining choices one by one: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1,024: Digits sum to 7, which is not a multiple of 3. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1,506: Digits sum to 12, which is a multiple of 3 but not 9. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1,632: Digits sum to 12, and so same as previous. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1,764: Digits sum to 18, which is a multiple of 3 and 9. For 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6, the digits must sum to a multiple of 3 and the original 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number must be even. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    10 1 10 1 15 1 7 1 12 1 18 72 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8. D The mean is 5 5 12, and so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6 6 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    a 5 12. The mode is 10, and so b 5 10. As for the median, order
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the numbers least to greatest {7, 10, 10, 12, 15, 18}. Since you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have an even number of numbers, the median is the average of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the two middle numbers. Thus, the median is 11, so c 5 11. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    range is simply the greatest number minus the least, which 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equals 11, so d 5 11. So, a . b , c 5 d, which is (D). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 295
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9. C To begin with, you know that the sides of square B are equal to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 since its area is 16. If you can find the length of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    non-hypotenuse sides of triangle A, then you could find the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer. Since you know the hypotenuse you can use the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Pythagorean theorem to find the other sides of the triangle; 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 a 1 b 5 ~=72! → 2a 5 72 → a 5 36 → a 5 6. The 2
    2 2 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    length of the triangle side that B and C share is 6, which means 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that one of the sides of square C is 2 (since the B side is 4). 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Therefore, the area of C is 4, or (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    10. B Eye the graph to see which of
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the four options changed little 2
    1 from its 1970 average to its 1990 average. Looking closely, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can see that the average production of corn in County Y was the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same in 1970 and 1990. Thus, the percentage change is 0. That
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    must be the smallest, so the answer is (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    11. C First note that the graph is given in terms of bushels per acre. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Reading the graph then, County Y in 1980 produced 15 bushels 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of corn per acre. Thus, 10 acres on average would produce 150 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bushels, so (C) is correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12. D In 1980 County Y produced 15 bushels of corn per acre on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    average, and it produced 10 bushels of wheat on average. Thus, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the ratio is 15:10, or 3:2, which is answer choice (D). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    13. C It is best to write the possibilities out and count them up. In the
    1 ones column the possibilities are: 2, 4, 6. In the tens, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    possibilities are: 22, 24, 26, 42,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    44, 46, 62, 64, 66. That 2
    exhausts the possibilities. You get 12 when you count them up, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 so (C) is the answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14. C First, the sum of the interior angles of an n-sided polygon is
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (n 2 2)(180), which makes the sum of the interior angles of a 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5-sided polygon 540 degrees. You can find the sum of a 1 d by 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    summing the two equations a 1 b 5 160 and d 2 b 5 30. The 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    end result is a 1 d 5 190. The remaining angles must sum to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    350 for the sum of the interior angles to be 540. The answer,
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then, is (C).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 15. B The sum of a set of consecutive integers is the average times the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 55 1 15 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    number of terms. The average is 5 35. The number of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    terms is (remember, it is inclusive) 55 2 15 1 1 5 41. Now you
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    just have to multiply these together. Their product is 1,435, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or (B).
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    296 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    16. D The circumference of the circle is 2p ' 6.28. The perimeter of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the square is just 4 times the length of the side, which is equal to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6. Column A is greater.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    17. B Here you just need to work through simplifying each fraction. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Column A Column B
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    S DS D1 1
    S DS D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 4 12 3 5
    2
    15
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 2
    S DS D
    2 2 4
    S DS D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3 4 12 5 3
    2
    15
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 12 1 2 15 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 5 5 5 5 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12 4 4 15 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    As you can see, Column B is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18. A Use the information given about the line segments to write down
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 equations that might be helpful in comparing the two columns. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    AB 5 CD yields: r 1 s 5 s 1 3t → r 5 3t. You can plug this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    directly into BC 5 2t 1 3r 5 2t 1 3(3t) 5 11t. You can infer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that both r and t are positive numbers since they only differ by a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    multiple of three and at least one of them has to be positive since 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    BC, a distance, is positive. Column A is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 19. D To begin, you need to solve the inequality for x, 22x . 2 → x , 21.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You know x is less than 21. What does that tell you about x2? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Not much, certainly nothing definite in relation to 2 since x could
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    be 21.1 or it could be 210. Thus, (D) is correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    20. D The circumference of the circle has to be something around 7p 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ' 22. The perimeter of the rectangle, on the other hand, is not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    definite. The sides could be 2 and 12, and so the perimeter
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would be 28, or the sides could be 4 and 6 and the perimeter 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would be 20. In one instance Column A is greater and in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    other Column B is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    21. B The first thing to do is determine the value of z. The 1-digit even
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    integers are 2, 4, 6, and 8. The square root of z is also an integer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 That is only true of 4. Thus, z equals 4. Four squared is 16, and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    three times 4 is 12. Thus, Column B is greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 297
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22. B Five percent simple annual interest means that after one year’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    time, 5 percent of interest will have accrued. After eight months 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (which is two thirds of a year) three fourths of the interest will 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have accrued. You need to multiply the 16,000 times 5 percent 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1
    times three fourths, which is ~
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    16,000 !~ 0.05 SD
    !
    2
    3
    5 533.33.
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column B is greater, so the answer is (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a 3 3 2
    1 23. C You know that 5 → a 5 b, and that the area of a sector is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    b 4 4 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    the sector angle measure divided by 360 times pr . For Column
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 A, the area of sector 1 is.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    S D
    ~ pr ! 5
    3
    S DS D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a b
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    ~ 2
    pr !
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    360 4 360
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    For Column B, you need the area of the sector 2 times 0.75, 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    ~0.75!
    b
    360
    S D
    ~ pr2!5
    3
    S DS D
    b
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4 360
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ~ pr2! 2
    2
    2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A and B are equal and (C) is the answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    24. C Remember the factors of a number multiply to give that number 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    and the multiples of a number are that number times the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    integers. For Column A, begin by checking to see if 120 is evenly
    1 divisible by 24 because that would clearly make 24 the greatest 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    common factor. Five times 24 gives 120 and so 24 is the greatest
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    common factor. For Column B, if the number does not quickly 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    come to mind then, write out multiples of each to find the least 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 common multiple. The LCM is 24 so the answer is again (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25. D Column A is equivalent to m 1 2mn 1 n and Column B is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    equivalent to m2 1 mn 2 2n2. You have to compare these two 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expressions. Since the first term in each is the same, you can 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminate them from consideration. If n equals zero then both 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expressions are zero and so equal, but if n is non-zero then there 2
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    1 certainly are situations when the two expressions are unequal. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Thus, the answer is (D). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    26. C First solve the equation to see if you can glean any useful
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    information about the relationship of x and y:
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 x 2 4y 1 7 5 7 → x 5 4y → x 5 2y
    2 2 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If x 5 2y, then side b is equal to side c. This means that we can 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminate c2 and b2 from the columns, and all we are left with is 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a2 in each. Ergo, the answer is (C). 2
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    298 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    27. B The number of integers from D to C is simply C 2 D, but since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it is inclusive we must include D and so add one, C 2 D 1 1. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Now you just need to see if we can manipulate Column B so that 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can compare it to Column A. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    C 2 CD 1 2C C(C 2 D 1 2)
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    2
    2
    1 5 5C2D12
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4C 2 3C C 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    You can now directly compare Column
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A and B, and Column B 2
    1 is greater since they share the C minus D term but Column B 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is 2
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    12. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 28. C You might suspect (D) here, but look closely at the number set. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The only way that y and y 1 3 could have the two intervening 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    numbers in the set is if they are all consecutive integers: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (x 1 4) 5 (y) 1 1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (z) 5 (y) 1 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Solve for x and z in terms of y: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 y 1 1 2 4 5 y 2 3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    z5y12 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    So, Column A, z 2 5, must equal (y 1 2) 2 5, or y 2 3. Since 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 5 y 2 3, both columns are equal, and the correct answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 is (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Verbal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Antonyms
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1. B To be pragmatic is to focus on the practical. The opposite of this
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is something like idealistic. Looking through the answer choices,
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (B), quixotic, fits the pre-guess. If you are unfamiliar with this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    term, pick up a copy of Cervantes’ literary classic Don Quixote. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2. D A cogent argument is compelling and well-constructed. You are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    looking for the opposite of this. Unintelligent might attract you, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    but unconvincing is much nearer the mark. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. A To be obdurate about an issue is to stubbornly maintain your
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    position. Flexible or changeable is a good pre-guess for the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 antonym. Choice (A) fits the pre-guess well because to be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 persuadable is to be capable of change. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. A Ebullient means to be boiling over with emotion. The opposite 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of this is emotionless. Stern approximates our pre-guess, but 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    stoic hits it on the head. 2
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    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5. E A garrulous person is extremely talkative, even inconsiderately 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    so. Thus, you are looking for an adjective that means “not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    talkative.” Decorious means to act with decorum, or good 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    manners, and so might seem attractive, but taciturn is a better 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choice. It means “tight-lipped.” 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 6. B To enervate is to weaken the strength of something. The 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    opposite is to make stronger. Looking through the answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 choices, (B) obviously jumps out. It is correct.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    7. A To manumit someone is to free them from slavery. The antonym 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is to make someone a slave. Enslave, choice (A), clearly fits the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pre-guess and it is correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8. D Adumbrate means to foreshadow vaguely, and so its opposite 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would be something like “to clearly state.” To make explicit, 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choice (D), fits the pre-guess and is correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 9. E A panegyric is a speech of effusive praise. You are therefore 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    looking for something like “criticize.” Obloquy means “abusive 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or condemnatory language.” That certainly is the opposite of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    praise, and so (E) is the answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Analogies 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 10. C The relationship between the stem words is one of definition, as 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to eclipse is to overshadow. Going through the answer choices, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    to set is not to rise; to outstrip is not to flail; to debauch is to
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    debase; to overcome is not necessarily to outstretch; to pervert is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    certainly not to correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    11. A Here the stem relationship is one of degree: To be emphatic is to 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    insist strongly. Choice (B) might seem appealing here, but be 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    careful because it has the order of degree reversed—to be very 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    absorbed is to be engrossed. (A) is the correct choice—to be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    contentious is to argue excessively. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12. C An astronomer studies the stars. That is a good relationship.
    Applying it to the answer choices, an accountant keeps the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 financial records; a librarian manages books; a historian studies 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    history; a police officer administers the laws; and a magician 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    performs tricks.
    2
    1
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    13. D The relationship between the stem pair is that you inoculate to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    protect against a disease. Of the answer choices, only (D), you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    defend to protect against an enemy, shares this relationship.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    300 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    14. C Halcyon means peaceful and calm, and so the relationship 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    between the stem words is one of definition—halcyon means 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    peaceful. Choices (B) and (E) are antonyms not synonyms, and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (A) and (D) do not share a necessary relationship. Choice (C) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    does share a necessary relationship—surreptitious means clan- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 destine. Choice (B) is there to catch people shopping for words
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    like peaceful. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 15. A The stem words are opposites—a desolate place is the opposite
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of a verdant place. Choices (B) and (C) are synonyms and so do 2
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    not fit the stem relationship, and (D) and (E) do not have a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 strong relationship (a tropical place is often humid, a technical 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    manual may or may not be detailed.) Choice (A) shares the stem 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    relationship—a destitute area is the opposite of an opulent area. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    16. D Here, the relationship is again one of definition—a harbinger 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    presages something (presage means to foretell, or portend). A 2
    2
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    1 computer can calculate something; a television shows things 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that have been broadcast; a liaison does not necessarily 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    interrogate someone; a messenger relates something; and a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    broker does not necessarily abscond with something. 2
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    17. A Asseverate means to aver or affirm earnestly, and so the stem 2
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    relationship is to asseverate is to aver earnestly. Choice (A) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    shares this relationship—to beseech is to request earnestly. Do 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    any of the other answer pairs share it? Approach and accost 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    might, but the order of degree is reversed—to accost is to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    approach forcefully. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sentence Completions 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 18. D The word but in the sentence is the key clue. It tells you that the 2
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    first and second parts of the sentence are in contrast to each 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    other. In the first part we are told that Mr. Thomas had earned 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the reputation as a miser, and so in the second part you should 2
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    1 expect to find a strong contrast to this. Which answer choice
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    makes a strong contrast to miser? Choice (D), spendthrift, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which means one who spends money wastefully, fits the bill. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    19. A Consider the first blank first. Shifts in the demographics of a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    country would at least challenge traditional political alliances
    1
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    and at most destroy them. Since the sentence speaks of nascent 2
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    political parties, you can infer that the traditional ones are at 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    least being challenged. Solvent and elusive
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    are not good answer 2
    1 choices for the first blank. As the old political parties are being 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 301
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    challenged, the new ones then are gaining ground. Gain then is a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    good pre-guess to the second blank. Provide does not match this 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pre-guess. Between procure and secure, secure is the better 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    choice since procure intimates buying, and one does not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    purchase large swathes of the electoral landscape. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 20. B Begin with a pre-guess on the first blank. What is a word that goes 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with public and “can be persuaded”? Opinion. Looking down the 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 first blank answer choices, (B) obviously matches this pre-guess,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    but (A) and possibly (C) and (D) do as well. The word ostensibly 2
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    clues you to the fact that the second blank is a strong contrast to 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 process of popular persuasion. Which of the answer choices 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matches this conception? Undemocratic does. Thus, (B) is a strong 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    candidate for the best answer choice. Reading the other answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices, (A) is the reasonable selection, but (B) is better since both 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer blanks more specifically fit the logic of the sentence. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 21. D You are looking for a word that modifies feuds between rival 2
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    factions of a company. Internal is a good pre-guess. Internecine 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means fighting within a group, and so matches the pre-guess. It
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is the best choice, (D). 2
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    22. B The sentence tells us that the first blank can be described as the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    practice of appointing friends and associates to high posts. A
    good pre-guess would be favoritism. Looking at the answer 2
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    1 2
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    choices, (D) and (E) can definitely be eliminated. Choice (A) also 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 can be eliminated because nepotism is showing favor to one’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    own family, not to friends and associates. The second blank is a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    contrast to the first since the favoritism of the predecessors is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    being eschewed in favor of the new way. Both (B) and (C) are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    contrasts to favoritism, and so you must ask which one better 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fits the flow of the sentence. Merit, based makes more sense than 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    work, based, and so (B) is a better choice. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    23. E In this sentence, the author’s customary style of correspondence 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 is being contrasted with the style in her most recent letter. 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Customarily her style is deliberate, but in this letter it is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    convoluted. Therefore, in the first blank, you are looking for a
    1 word that pairs well with deliberate and contrasts well with 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    convoluted. In the second blank, you are looking for a word that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pairs well with convoluted and contrasts well with deliberate. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Genuine, acidic, and urbane are not good pairs with deliberate 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or contrasts with convoluted. As for the second blank, tiresome 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    does not pair as well with convoluted as prolix does (which 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    means to be wordy). Choice (E) is best. 2
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    302 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Reading Comprehension 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    24. C A question about the proper title of the passage is looking for
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the basic point or thrust of the passage. What is the point of this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passage? It relates how the discovery and study of the Archaeans 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    has led to the reformulation of
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    central concerns in the field of 2
    1 biology. Choice (A) is too narrow because it excludes the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discussion of the extremophiles. Choice (B), although better 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 than (A), is still too narrow. Choice (C) is a good restatement of
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the thrust of the passage, since reformulation of central concerns 2
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    in biology is a good approximation of Challenge to Biological 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 Paradigms. Choices (D) and (E) are too narrow in that they 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exclude the classification issues, and notice that the passage 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    discusses extremophiles and not thermophiles. (C)’s the one. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25. E On questions of this form you must go through each proposition 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    individually: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1
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    Option I—The passage states that prior to the discovery of 2
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    extremophiles the thermal threshold was set at 60 degrees 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    centigrade “because it was thought that the molecular 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    integrity of vital cellular components could not be main-
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    tained beyond such temperatures.” It can be inferred that if 2
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    extremophiles can live and thrive past 60 degrees centigrade, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    they can maintain molecular integrity past the previous 2
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    1 2
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    thermal threshold. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Option II—The passage does not mention extremophiles 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    existing in moderate environments, so II cannot be inferred 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from the passage. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Option III—The passage states that extremophiles can live
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    and thrive at 160 degrees and so it can be inferred that they 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can live and thrive in temperatures as hot as 150 degrees. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Since I and III are inferable, the answer is (E). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 26. A The passage states that, “kingdoms are classified to be a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sub-group of a particular domain” (lines 20–21). Choice (A) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    states exactly that. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    27. B The passage uses thermal threshold to mean “the temperature at 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    which biological organisms begin to break down due to heat.”
    1
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    Which of the answer choices matches this usage? Choice (A) 2
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    does not, and it uses terms not in the passage. Choice (B) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matches up. As for (C), the passage
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    clearly uses the term thermal 2
    1 threshold to apply to all kinds of life and not just extremophiles, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 303
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and so this choice is out. Choice (D) uses terms not in the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passage and that should make you skeptical. Choice (E) is tricky 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    because the passage does speak of the former thermal threshold 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    as being thought of as a constant across nature. Yet, the 2
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    threshold changed when extremophiles were discovered. Choice 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 (B) is unquestionably a strong answer, and (E) is problematic
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    because the threshold has fluctuated. Therefore, (B) is a better 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choice.
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    28. D The entire passage culminates in the conclusion of the author in 2
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    the last sentence of the passage, “Therefore, altruistic motiva- 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 tors should be possible inputs for any decision-matrix schema 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    that attempts to model human preference determination.” The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    passage builds to this conclusion and so the clear intent of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    author is to make this point. Which answer choice reflects this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    intent? Choice (D) does. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 29. C To answer this question you have to go to the place in the 2
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    passage where the assumptions of decision-matrices are dis- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cussed (lines 31–37). The passage clearly states that in the
    construction of decision-matrices it is assumed that individuals 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    are rational in decision-making. The author does not dispute
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this assumption. That is answer choice (C), and it is correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 30. A Looking at the structure of the passage, the first paragraph 2
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    presents the challenge of modeling public choice scenarios, the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 second paragraph explains the details of a particular methodol- 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ogy for such modeling, and the third paragraph discusses 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    problems with the methodology presented in the third para- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    graph. Given this basic structure, we can inspect the answer 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices to see which best describes the role of the second 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    paragraph. Choice (A) matches the tone and content of our 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    description of the second passage, and it is correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    304 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Practice Test

    3
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Quantitative 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    28 Questions—45 Minutes 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
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    General Information
    1
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    1. The test has 28 questions. If you decide to take this exam under timed conditions, you have 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    45 minutes to complete the section. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2. All numbers used are real numbers. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3. All angle measurements can be assumed to be positive unless otherwise noted. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    4. All figures lie in the same plane unless otherwise noted. 6
    1 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    5. Drawings that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 answering the question. The figures are drawn closely to scale unless otherwise noted. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: For questions 1–14, Column A and Column B will have one quantity each. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Your goal is to compare the quantities in each column and choose 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A if the quantity in Column A is greater 6
    1 6
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    B if the quantity in Column B is greater 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C if the two quantities are equal
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D if the relationship between the two quantities cannot be determined from the
    6
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    1 information in the problem
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    On some questions, information about one or both quantities will be given. This informa-
    6
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    1 tion will be centered above the two columns.
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    305
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B Column A Column B 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1. = 2 2 3 2
    6
    12
    2
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    3 1 7
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    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2. x 1 2y 5 9 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    x5y 6
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    5. The figure above is an isosceles triangle. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2y 6 =2b 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    c 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 3. x is a positive integer. 6
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    6. b2a.1 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 SD
    1 x 0.90
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    xa
    xb

    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 x
    xa

    b
    6
    6
    6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    |x| . 1 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    4. 7. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    x(x 2 1) 0 6
    1 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 1
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (b2 1 2bc 1 c2)2 d1c 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    306 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 3
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Column A Column B Column A Column B 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    8. A certain swim-team is composed of 11. 4 15
    4 14 14 1 6
    11 12 13
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    divers, individual swimmers, and relay 414 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    swimmers, and each member only 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    participates in one event. The team has
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    50 members, 20 percent of which are 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    divers.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Four times the The number of 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    number of divers relay racers 12. Six students compete for first, second, 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 and third place finishes in a ski race.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    120 Number of 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 possible outcomes
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 for first, second, 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66 and third place
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 9. Kathy drives 20 kilometers due north
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    from town A to town B. Then she drives
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    30 kilometers due west to town C. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Distance between 40 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    town A and C in 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    kilometers 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    13. C and D are digits and C . D.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 CD 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 2 DC 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 EF 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E1F 9 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    10. A sock drawer contains 75 socks. There 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    are an equal number of unpaired black, 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    white, and gray socks in the drawer. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The probability of One sixth 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    grabbing two gray
    1
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    socks in two 14. n is a positive integer. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    attempts 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    ~ n 1 1! ! n! 1 1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    n! 1 1 ~n 1 1!! 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 307
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    17. Which two y-intercepts could sum to zero? 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Select the best answer for each 6
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    of the following questions. A. Line 1 and 4 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 B. Line 1 and 3
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. Line 2 and 3 6
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    15. 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. Line 2
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    and 4
    6
    1
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    E. Line 4 and 5 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    18. 6
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    2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 The figures above are similar triangles. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    What is the value of a?
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    5 6
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    2 6
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    A. 6
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    3 The two circles above have the same 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. 2 radius. Their circumference is 6p each. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 C. 3 What is the distance between opposite 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    corners of the rectangle? 6
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    9 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. A. =160 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 5
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    B. =165 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. =180 6
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    Questions 16–17 refer to the following graph. 6
    1 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. =210 6
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    1 6
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    E. =220 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 19. A class has x number of students in it.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Three students join the class, and the class 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    size increases by 20 percent. How many 6
    1 6
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    students are in the class now? 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. 12 6
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    B. 15
    1
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    C. 18 6
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    D. 20
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    E. 21 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    16. Which line has the greatest slope?
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    A. Line 1
    6
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    1 B. Line 2
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    1 C. Line 3
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    D. Line 4 6
    12
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    6
    6
    1 E. Line 5
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    308 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 3
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
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    20. A square has a side of length 4. What is Questions 23–25 refers to the following graph. 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the distance from the center of the square 6
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    12
    2
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    to one of its corners?
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. = 2 6
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    z
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. 2=2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. 4=2 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1
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    D. 6=2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 8=2 6
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    2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    21. If 3 pounds of peanuts, which cost 34 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    cents per pound, are mixed with 5 pounds 6
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    of cashews, which cost 90 cents per 6
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    pound, how many cents per pound is the
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    1 mixture of the two? 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. 67 23. According to the table, what is the 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. 69 relationship between the frequency and 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. 71 the energy level of electromagnetic 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. 73 radiation? 6
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    E. 75
    A. As one increases, the other increases. 6
    6
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    1
    12 B. As one increases, the other decreases. 6
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    22. A board is 6 feet long, 6 inches wide, and 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 inches tall. What is its surface area in C. There is no direct relationship. 6
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    12
    2
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    feet squared? (One foot is 12 inches.) D. The energy
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    level is twice as much as 6
    6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the frequency level. 6
    1 11 6
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    A. E. The frequency level is twice as much 6
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    2 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    as the wavelength level.
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    1 6
    1
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    B. 6 24. Which kind of radiation has the shortest 6
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    2 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    wavelength? 6
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    C. 7 6
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    A. Gamma Rays 6
    1 49 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. B. X-rays 6
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    6 6
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    C. Ultra-violet 6
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    E. 9 6
    1 D. Infrared 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. Radio 6
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    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 309
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    25. If electromagnetic radiation has a fre- 27. How many liters of a solution that is 20 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    22
    quency of 10 Hz, what kind of radiation percent water by volume must be added to 6
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    12
    2
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    is it? 3 liters of a solution that is 40 percent
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    6
    6
    1
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    water by volume to create a solution that 6
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    A. Gamma Rays 6
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    is 25 percent water by volume? 6
    12
    2
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    B. X-rays
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    1
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    C. Ultra-violet A. 5 6
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    D. Infrared B. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. Radio C. 7 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. 8
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    26. If a, b, and c are all positive odd integers, E. 9 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 then which of the following must be odd?
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    28. There are 150 students in math courses at 6
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    I. ab 2 bc 6
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    Kronhorst High School: 73 are in geom- 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    II. abc 6
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    etry, 62 are in algebra, and 52 are in 6
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    2
    III. c 1 c
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    neither. How many students are in both
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. I only geometry and algebra? 6
    1 6
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    B. II only 6
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    C. I and II only
    A. 32 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. I and III only
    B. 33 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. I, II, and III
    C. 35 6
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    D. 36 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. 37
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 Verbal
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    30 Questions—30 Minutes 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Antonyms 6
    1 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Each question contains a word printed in capital letters, followed by five 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    answer choices. Choose the answer choice that contains the word or phrase most nearly
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    OPPOSITE in meaning to the word in capital letters. 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 1. CORROBORATE :
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    2. INEXACTITUDE : 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. pledge A. crude 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. deny B. precise
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    C. harbor C. inexpert 6
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    D. detain D. industrious
    6
    1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. affirm E. articulate 6
    1 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    310 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 3
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3. FOMENT : 6. PULCHRITUDE : 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. quell A. ostentatious 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1 B. agitate B. elegant
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    C. appropriate C. estranged
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    D. estimate D. comedic
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    6
    6
    1
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    E. exonerate E. uncomely 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    4. CALLOW : 7. STOLID : 6
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    2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. picturesque A. imaginative 6
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    12
    2
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    B. mature B. sterile
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
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    C. timid C. venal 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. canny D. emotional
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. particular E. abrasive 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    5. BACCHANALIAN : 8. PREVARICATE : 6
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    1 A. petulant A. speak honestly
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    B. orgiastic B. speak hastily 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. analgesia C. speak slowly
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. pious D. speak with vulgarities 6
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    E. shrewd E. speak with pathos
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Analogies
    6
    1
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 Directions: In each question, there is an initial pair of words or phrases that are related in
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    some manner. Select the answer choice containing the lettered pair that best expresses a 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    relationship similar to the initial pair.
    6
    1
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    9. LONG-WINDED : BREVITY :: 11. CANDID : FRANK 6
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. oversized : large A. sincere : kind
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    B. attractive : repulsive B. erudite : learned
    6
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    1 C. lean : excess C. duplicitous: timorous
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    D. wealthy : money D. pernicious : hopeful 6
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    E. spent : used E. measured : mercurial
    1
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    10. LAWYER : COURT :: 12. AUSTERE : DECORATED :: 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. actor : play A. paltry : exorbitant 6
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    B. janitor : school B. offensive : tactful 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. manager : team C. ingenious : creative 6
    12
    2
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    6
    6
    1 D. prison : guard D. lackluster : ominous
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. bureaucrat : bureaucracy E. powerful : elusive 6
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    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    13. PHYSICIAN : HUMAN BODY :: 15. TURGID : BOMBASTIC :: 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. horticulturist : plant A. lazy : lethargic 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 B. coach : player B. rotund : portly
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    C. teacher : student C. bemused : distract
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    D. veterinarian : cow D. catatonic : cataclysmic
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    6
    6
    1
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    E. biologist : evolution E. histrionic : sordid 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    14. CRAVEN : TREPIDATIOUS :: 6
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    2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. miniscule : minute 6
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    12
    2
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    B. migratory : transitory
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. ageless : ancient 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. agile : acute
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. exultant : joyful 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Sentence Completions 6
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    2 6
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    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Each sentence below contains one or two blanks, with each blank corre- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    sponding to an omitted word. Find the answer choice that has the word or set or words 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    18. The publicity surrounding the mismanage- 6
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    16. The demolition crew did not successfully
    6
    1
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    the building since two walls ment of the company’s capital __________ 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    __________
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 remained intact. the company’s credibility with investors, 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
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    but the company
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    remained solvent largely 6
    6
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    A. raze
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    on account of its __________ market 6
    1 B. construct 6
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    share. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    C. erect
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. incapacitate A. belabored. .steady 6
    1 6
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    E. deactivate B. weakened. .evolving
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. aided. .climbing 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    17. The ethicist argued that the person in D. lessened. .volatile 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    question was not __________ for the E. damaged. .stable 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    man’s injury since it was an accident.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. culpable
    6
    1
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    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. attributable
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. capable
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 D. reasonable
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 E. actionable 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    312 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 3
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    19. Though the official had hoped his speech 22. Though the glass was __________ when 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    would calm the citizenry, his assurances bought, years of poor maintenance had 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    did not ________ the crowd’s fears rendered
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    it nearly __________, stifling
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    concerning the likelihood of the natural almost all of the sunlight that strained to 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    disaster recurring. cross its interior.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. alter A. permeable. .dark 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. assuage B. clear. .obscure
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. increase C. lucid. .obstructed 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. bolster D. penetrable. .impregnable
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. gauge E. translucent. .opaque 6
    12
    2
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    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    20. It is a commonly noted behavior for a 23. Historiography, at least of historic 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    younger sibling to ________ the behavior personages, in the last century tended
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    of an older sibling, taking on their toward hagiography, but today 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    mannerisms or sense of style. __________ distance and a __________
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    tone are basic requirements of profes- 6
    1 A. antagonize 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    sional history writing. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. ridicule
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. improve A. critical. .reserved 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. emulate B. minute. .extravagant
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. vex C. impartial. .subdued 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. holistic. .daring 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    21. Since the visitor was unfamiliar with the E. even. .careful 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 region’s customs he was unaware of the 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    __________ of his actions, and so he was 6
    1 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    __________ to the fact that he had
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    offended his host. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. impropriety. .oblivious 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. curtness. .ignorant
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. blandness. .blithe 6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. boldness. .unaware 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. audacity. .blind 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 313
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Reading Comprehension 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Directions: Questions follow each passage. After reading the passage, determine the best 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    answer for each question based on the passage’s content. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Passage 1 tance of the components neglected by the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    semi-empirical method. Furthermore, the 6
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 Line The introduction of electronic computers
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ab initio practitioners criticized the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    into the field of quantum chemistry in the 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    semi-empirical method as only able to 6
    12
    2
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    1950s had an immediate and ultimately
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 (40) sustain the current theoretical paradigm
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    polarizing effect on the discipline. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    and not able to explore possible inad- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (5) Quantum chemistry is primarily con- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    equacies in the current framework. The 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    cerned with solving Schrödinger’s
    semi-empirical practitioners, on the other 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Equation—the fundamental equation of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    hand, criticized the ab initio methodol- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the quantum realm—for different 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (45) ogy as overly laborious and ultimately 6
    1 theoretical scenarios. The difficulty in 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    this endeavor is that Schrödinger’s
    less productive. Since the ab initio 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (10)
    6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Equation does not readily submit to
    methodology solved all computational 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    components to Schrödinger’s Equation, it 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    straightforward solutions. Elaborate and 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    demanded considerable amounts of time 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    extensive calculations are often necessary 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    and effort, so fewer research projects 6
    (50)
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    for solving Schrödinger’s Equation, 6
    could be pursued with this methodology. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (15) which explains why the introduction of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 Ultimately, both methodologies have 6
    1 electronic computing held great promise 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    proved important to quantum chemistry. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    as a research tool in theoretical quantum 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The semi-empirical method has been 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    chemistry. 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (55) essential for exploring questions within
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    As the discipline incorporated the use
    the standard paradigm while the ab initio 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 (20) of electronic computers, two research
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    method has probed the boundaries of our 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    methodologies emerged. The first, termed 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    understanding of quantum chemistry. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ab initio, relied entirely upon the 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    electronic computer to solve the knotty
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    mathematics of Schrödinger’s Equation, 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    (25) and it employed no empirical data save
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    fundamental constants of nature. The 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    second, the so-called semi-empirical 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    method, simplified the computational 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    1 hurdles by neglecting possibly negligible
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (30) components of the calculations and by 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    extensively employing empirical data. 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    The semi-empirical method quickly
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    became very fruitful, but the ab initio 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    practitioners were skeptical of this
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 (35) research because of the possible impor-
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    314 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 3
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    24. The ab initio method was criticized for 26. The semi-empirical method was empirical 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    in that it employed 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    I. being too demanding with regard to
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. strictly empirical means in obtaining a 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    labor. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    II. its inability to critique the current result.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    paradigm. B. the fundamental constants of nature
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    III. being a slower producer of new in obtaining a result. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    research. C. extensive empirical data in obtaining
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. I only
    a result. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. II only
    D. only empirically verifiable scenarios in 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    modeling quantum outcomes. 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. III only
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 E. restricted amounts of empirical data
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. I and II only 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    in obtaining results. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. I and III only 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    27. The author’s intent was to 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    25. According to the passage, what was the
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. explain the effects of the introduction 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    primary methodological challenge in
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 working with Schrödinger’s Equation? of electronic computers on quantum 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. The difficulty of correctly applying
    chemistry. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Schrödenger’s Equation in the
    B. point out the harmfulness of scientific 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    quantum world
    rivalries. 6
    C. argue that the semi-empirical method 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. The complexity of the calculations
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    was more productive. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    required to solve Schrödinger’s 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. illustrate the importance of coopera- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Equation 6
    1 tion in scientific disciplines. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. The inability of electronic computers
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. lay out the differences between the ab
    6
    1 to solve Schrödinger’s Equation
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    initio and semi-empirical methods. 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    D. The rivalry between the ab initio
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    practitioners and the semi-empirical 6
    1 Passage 2 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    practitioners
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Line Though nearly fifty years of research has 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. The difficulty of obtaining reliable 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    been done since the Khartoum Hospital 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    empirical data
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    and Shaheinab excavations in Central 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Sudan, a coherent and rigorous frame- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (5) work for understanding the Mesolithic- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    1 Neolithic (8000 B.C.E.–4000 B.C.E.)
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    transition in the Central Nile has not 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    been achieved. A. J. Arkell, the primary 6
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    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    excavator at these sites, developed a
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    model of cultural evolution based on two 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (10)
    1 basic ceramic typologies—the wavy and 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 dotted line—found at these sites. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    Predictably, the wavy line type are
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    ceramics whose outer surface are 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 315
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (15) decorated with wavy lines, while the (55) chronological index for the region? Does 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    dotted line ceramics are decorated with their geographical dispersion tell us of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    the same grooves of the wavy line but possible
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    cultural uniformities across these
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    with indentions, or dots, further lining diverse regions? The answers these to 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    the grooves. questions about the past hopefully lie
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    somewhere in the not-too-distant future. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (20) Arkell’s model designates the wavy (60) 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    line type as markers for Khartoum
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Mesolithic culture and the dotted line 28. The main idea of the passage is
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    type as markers for Khartoum Neolithic 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    A. Nilotic and Saharan archaeology has 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    culture. Yet this model became problem- 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    failed to provide an adequate frame- 6
    6
    1 (25) atic as excavations beyond the Central
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 work for understanding the Me- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    Nile began to unearth wavy and dotted 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    line pottery across the Sahara-Sahel belt solithic-Neolithic transition. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    in strata and in sequences inconsistent B. Arkell and Canerva were incorrect in 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    with Arkell’s designations. It appeared a their respective attempts to system- 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (30) new model was needed to account for atize their research. 6
    1 not only chronological development but C. wavy line ceramics clearly are not the 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    geographical dispersal as well. chronological predecessors of dotted 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    To address these issues, I. Canerva line ceramics.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. dotted and wavy line pottery has not 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    put forth a classification strategy for
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 been successfully incorporated into a 6 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (35) Nilotic and Saharan ceramics based on
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 larger theory that explains their 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    technique. Arkell’s model classified by 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 importance, thus leaving important 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    motif, the ceramic’s outer decorations,
    1 further research open.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    but Canerva focused on the techniques 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. research on Nilotic and Saharan 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    employed, such as method of hardening, 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 ceramics has matured over the past 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (40) and technologies needed, such as tools, in
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 five decades.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    making the ceramics. This strategy 6
    1 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    initially promised to provide artifact 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    29. Arkell’s model was problematic in that 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    markers for the cultural evolution from
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the Nile basin to the western edges of the A. the discovery of wavy and dotted line 6
    1
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (45) Sahara in the Mesolithic-Neolithic. This pottery in the Central Nile conflicted 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    approach, though, became mired in with his findings. 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    B. dating discrepancies were discovered 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    questions related to determination of
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    1 technique, as the reverse inference from within his account.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    motif to technique became dubious. C. wavy and dotted line pottery were 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    (50) At this point major questions remain discovered outside the Central Nile 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    unanswered concerning wavy and dotted that did not conform to his model.
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    line ceramics in Mesolithic-Neolithic D. pottery fragments were discovered
    6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 Nilotic and Saharan regions. Do these outside the Central Nile as far west as
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 ceramic typologies provide any sort of the Western Sahara. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    E. ceramics that chronologically pre-
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 ceded the wavy line pottery were 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    discovered in the Central Nile.
    316 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456

    www.petersons.com
    TEST 3
    1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    30. It can be inferred from the passage that 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    the author would agree with which one of 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    the following?
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    A. The work of Arkell and Canerva has
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    been thoroughly debunked.
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    B. Future research into Mesolithic- 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    Neolithic Khartoum should be done.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    C. Motif should be considered over 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    technique when researching ceramics.
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    D. The material composition of a 6
    12
    2
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    6
    6
    1 ceramic is an important clue in
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    archaeological research. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    E. Material culture is more readily 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    studied than non-material culture. 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    2 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 66
    2 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    1
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    12 3456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 6 317
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    Answers and Explanations

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    2
    2
    1 This is the last sample test you will take before moving onto the computer
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    adaptive exams. Hopefully, you have tested out some new strategies and 2
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    ideas on the previous two tests and are now comfortable with them. 2
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    Quantitative 2
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    1 2
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    1. B The only way to do a problem like this is to simplify the 2
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    expressions. 2
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    2
    For Column B, 3 5 9. 2
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    For Column A, =32 1 72 5 =9 1 49 5 =58 , 8 since 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    =64 5 8. 2
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    1 2
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    Column B is greater. 2
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    1 2. C To be able to compare 2y to 6, you need to solve for y. You can 2
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    do this by substituting y for x in the first equation. This yields: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 1 2y 5 9 → 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    y 1 2y 5 9 → 2
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    1 → 2
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    3y 5 9
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    y53 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This means 2y 5 6. Choice (C) then is the answer. 2
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    3. D A good way to attack a problem like this is try a few values for 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    x. At its smallest x 5 1, and Column A would equal two thirds, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 or 0.67. If x 5 2, Column A equals eight ninths, and if x 5 3, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A equals twenty-six twenty-sevenths. As you can see, 2
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    Column A increases as x increases. In the first case, Column B 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    was greater; in the third, Column A was. Thus the answer is (D). 2
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    318
    ANSWERS
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    4. A First, simplify the expression in Column A, 2
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    1 1
    2
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    ~ 2 2 2
    b 1 2bc 1 c ! 5 @~b 1 c! # 5 b 1 c.
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    2 2
    2
    2
    1
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    b 1 c 5 180° . 0.90 2
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    2
    2
    1 5. D Remember that an isosceles triangle is not necessarily a right
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    triangle. Since the triangle is not a right triangle, you have no 2
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    way of comparing b with c. Thus,
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    the answer is (D). 2
    2
    1
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    6. D Begin by manipulating the exponents to more readily compare 2
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    the columns: 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    Column A: x x 5 xa b a1b 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a 2 b 2
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    Column B: b 5 x 2
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    x
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    and you know that b 2 a . 1 → a 2 b , 21. This means that
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    1 the x in Column B is raised to a negative power, but how much 2
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    does this tell us about its value in comparison to Column A? 2
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    a 1 b could also be negative, which would mean that Column A 2
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    was also raised to a negative, and a greater negative at that. Or 2
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    a 1 b could be positive, which would mean that the x in Column 2
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    A would be raised to a positive. 2
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    In the former case, Column B could be greater, depending on the 2
    1
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    value of x, and in the latter case, Column A would be greater, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    again depending on the value of x. As you can see, there are a
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    variety of possible outcomes. 2
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    7. A Distribute the x in Column A, which yields x 2 x. You can 2 2
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    reason that this difference is greater than zero. x’s absolute value 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    is greater than 1, and x2 is positive and greater than x. Column 2
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    1 2
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    A, then, is greater. 2
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    8. A Twenty percent of 50 is 10, and so there are 10 divers. Four times 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    this number is 40. How many relay racers are there? Since each
    1
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    member only participates in 1 event, and since there are 10 divers, 2
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    there are 40 members who are either divers or individual swim- 2
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    mers. We know there must be at least 1 individual swimmer, or
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    the team would not be composed of individual swimmers; that 2
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    means there can at most be 39 relay racers. Thus, Column A
    1
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    is greater. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 319
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    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

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    9. B Since the directions are due north and due west, the three towns 2
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    form a right triangle, and we can use the Pythagorean theorem 2
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    to determine the distance between A and C.
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    2
    2
    1
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    c 5 400 1 900 5 1,300 → c 5 =1,300 5 10=13
    2
    2
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    2
    2
    1 The question now becomes, “How do you compare the value of
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    c with 40?” Notice that =13 , =16 5 4 and so ten times 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the square root of 13 is less than 40. Ergo, Column B is greater. 2
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    1
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    10. B The probability of the first event, grabbing the first gray sock, is 2
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    one third. The probability of grabbing the second gray sock is 2
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    1
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    not as straightforward. Now there are only 24 gray socks and 2
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    still 25 black and white socks. Thus, the probability is 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    something a little bit less than one third. To get the probability
    of both events occurring, we have to multiply the two 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    probabilities together. One third times something a little smaller
    1 than one third is going to be smaller than one sixth, the value in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Column B. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    11. A Obviously it is going to be difficult to compare these by 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    multiplying out the exponents. There must be another way, and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    there is 415 5 4 3 4 14 5 414 1 414 1 414 1 414, which gives us 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    four terms in Column A to compare with four terms in Column 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B. The terms in Column B are less than all the respective terms in 2
    2
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    1
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    Column A, and so (A) is the answer. 2
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    12. C Six students are competing for first place, and so there are six
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    possibilities for first. But since there will always be a first before 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    a second, only five can be second. And since there will be a first
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    and a second before a third, only four can be third. Multiply 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    these together to get the total number of possibilities, (6)(5)(4) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    5 120. The answer is (C). You may recall the formula for these
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 n! 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 where P is the 2
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    kinds of permutation problems as P 5
    ~n 2 c!! 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    total number of possible outcomes, n is the number of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    participants, and c is the number of places. 2
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    13. C Consider the subtraction in the ones column and tens column, 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    respectively. In the ones, since C . D, you have to borrow ten
    from the tens column. This means F 5 D 1 10 2 C. As for the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1 tens column, E 5 C 2 1 2 D since you borrowed one from the 2
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    column. Putting these two results together, E 1 F 5 (C 2 1 2 D) 2
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    1 2
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    (D 10 C) 9. The answer then is (C). 2
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    1 1 2 5
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    320 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    14. D The numerator in Column A might at first blush appear greater, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    but be careful. If n 5 1 then n! 1 1 5 (n 1 1)!, in which case 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Column A and B are equal. If n is a large number, though, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    n! 1 1 , (n 11)!, in which case Column A would be greater. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Thus the answer is (D). 2
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    1 15. D Since the triangles are similar the ratios of the side lengths are 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    proportional, and you can use this to find a. You do not know 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 the length of the side on the larger triangle that corresponds
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with side a, and so you need to determine the third side of the 2
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    larger triangle. Using the Pythagorean theorem, you can 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 determine that the third side is equal to 6. Using similar triangles 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    then, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6 a
    → →
    36 9 2
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    5 36 5 8a a 5 5 , 2
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    8 6 8 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which is answer choice (D).
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    16. D The greatest slope means the line that has the steepest ascent left 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to right. If a line ascends right to left, then its slope is negative. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Line 4, choice (D), has the steepest slope left to right. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    17. C Recall that the y-intercept is simply the y-value where a line
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    crosses the y-axis. If the y-intercepts of two lines sum to zero, 2
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    1 then they either both must have y-intercepts of zero, or they 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    must have y-intercepts equidistant from the x-axis, one with a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    positive value and the other a negative value. Line 2 and line 3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cross the y-axis equidistant from the x-axis. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18. C To begin with, since you know the circumference of the circles, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you can determine the radius of the circles, which is 3 (C 5 2pr). 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If the radius is 3, then the height of the rectangle is 6, and the 2
    2
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    1
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    length of the rectangle is 12. The distance between two opposite 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    corners then is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and 12. Using the Pythagorean theorem we can determine the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    hypotenuse, =36 1 144 5 =180. Choice (C) then is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer.
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 19. C Three students constitute a 20-percent increase for the class.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    This translates mathematically to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 3 3
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    0.20 5 → x 5 5 15, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    x 0.20 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    which gives you the number of
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    original students. Add 3 to 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    get 18. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 321
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    20. B Drawing a square with a diagonal creates a 45-45-90 triangle, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since the diagonal bisects the 90 degree angles. This means that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the diagonal is 4=2. But you are not looking for the length 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    from corner to corner. You are looking for the length from 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    center to corner, which would be half the length of the diagonal, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or 2=2, choice (B). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B Three pounds of peanuts at 34 cents/pound costs 102 cents. Five 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    21.
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 pounds of cashews at 90 cents/pound costs 450 cents. Added 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    together they cost 552 cents, and there are 8 pounds total. 552 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cents divided by 8 pounds is 69 cents/pound, or choice (B).
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22. D The first thing to do is to convert the measurements in inches 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    into feet. Six inches is a foot. Two inches is a foot. The 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 6 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    surface area of a three-dimensional rectangle is the sum of areas
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the sides. 2
    1 2
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    Top and bottom: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2 6•
    1
    S D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 6,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    two ends: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    1 1
    • S D 5
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    6 2 6
    2
    2
    2
    1 2
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    two sides: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 1
    6
    • S D
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2 6 5 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The sum of these is choice (D). 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    23. A Looking at the frequency column, the frequency increases as you
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ascend the column. The same thing is true for the energy level 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    column—as you ascend the column the energy level increases. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 Thus, (A) is the answer. If you want further confirmation of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    this—simply pick a certain frequency and read the energy level 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    at that frequency. Then pick another frequency and read the
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    energy level at that frequency. If the frequency increased—then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    so did the energy and vice versa.
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    322 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    24. A On this question, you have to be careful. Notice that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    wavelengths get shorter as they ascend the column (e.g., 10213 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    meters is shorter than 105 meters). This means that the shortest 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    wavelengths are at the top of the column. Which kind of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    radiation corresponds to this part of the column? Choice (A), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 gamma rays, is correct.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25. A First find 10 Hz on the frequency column on the far left. Then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 slide over to see which kind of radiation this is. It is gamma rays,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choice (A). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    26. B On a problem like this, you have to go through the three choices 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and determine which must be odd as follows: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Option I—Is not odd since the two products are even and an 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    even minus an even is even. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Option II—Is odd since an odd times an odd is even and an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 even times an odd is odd. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Option III—Is even since an odd squared is odd and an odd 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    plus an odd is even. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    So only option II is odd, which is answer choice (B). If all that 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    seemed a bit confusing, just assign odd values to the three 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    variables, plug them in, and see if the results are odd or even. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 27. E There is a helpful formula for a problem of balancing weaker and
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    stronger solutions, (amount of weaker solution) times (percent-
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    age difference of desired and weaker solution) 5 (amount of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    stronger solution) times (percentage difference of stronger and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    desired solution). In this situation, the formula reads, n(25 2 20) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    → → 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    5 3(40 2 25) 5n 5 45 n 5 9. Therefore, (E) is the answer.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 28. E There is a formula for neither or both problems like this,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    G1 1 G2 1 Neither 1 Both 5 Total. You can use this equation 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or reason your way through this problem. If 52 students are in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    neither class, then 98 students are in algebra or geometry. This 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means that 25 are in algebra but not geometry and 36 are in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    geometry but not algebra. So, there are 73 in geometry and 36 of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    them are not in algebra, which means that 37 of those in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    geometry are in algebra. You can obtain the same result using 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    the formula.
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 323
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Verbal 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Antonyms 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 1. B To corroborate someone’s claim is to back it up or validate it, so 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you are looking for a word that means something like “not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 support.” Scanning the answer choices, only (B) fits the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pre-guess. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    B Inexactitude is the opposite of exactitude,
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 or being exact, so you 2
    2
    1 2.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    are looking for a word that means exact. Precise, choice (B), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    certainly means exact, and none of the other answer choices do. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    3. A To foment means to incite, and so its antonym would be 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    something like “un-incite.” Not a real word, but a fine pre-guess 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since it puts you on the right path. Answer choice (A), quell, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matches this pre-guess. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    4. B Callow has a negative-sounding connotation, and so the answer
    1 will have a positive-sounding connotation. You can, at least, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    eliminate choice (C), timid, on these grounds. Callow means 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    immature. Choice (B), mature, then, is a good antonym. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    5. D Bacchanalian derives from Bacchus, the Greek god of wine. It 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    means “unbridled revelry.” The opposite is something like 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sobriety, or a tame activity. Of the answer choices, pious best 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 approximates this pre-guess. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 6. E Pulchritude means beauty. This word was used in the first part 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the book, so hopefully you remembered it. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 7. D To be stolid is to lack emotion. Thus, the antonym here is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    something like “emotional.” Choice (D) is exactly that. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    8. A If you do not know the definition of prevaricate, you might 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    guess that it has a negative-sounding connotation, and so the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer would be positive. Choices (A) and (E) are the strong 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    positives. Prevaricate means to lie, and so (A) is the correct 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 Analogies
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    9. C Someone who is long-winded lacks brevity. Choices (B) and (C) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    appear to be possibilities. Attractive is the opposite of repulsive. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Something lean lacks excess. Choice (C) is the better of the two 2
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    1 2
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    choices. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    324 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    10. E A lawyer is an officer of the court, or a lawyer works in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    court. An actor acts in a play, but a play is an activity whereas a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    court is a location or part of a system. A janitor might work at a 2
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    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    school. A manager manages a team, a prison has guards, and a 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    bureaucrat works in a bureaucracy. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 11. B The relationship between the stem pair is one of definition; to be 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    candid is to be frank. Which of the answer choices shares this 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 relationship? Only (B)—to be erudite is to be learned. Choice
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (A) might have seemed appealing but realize that a sincere 2
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    person might be kind or he or she might be sincerely unkind. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
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    12. B Here, the stem relationship is of lack or negation—to be austere 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    is to not be decorated. In a similar fashion, to be offensive is to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not be tactful. None of the other stem pairs share the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    relationship of negation. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    13. A Physician studies/cares for the human body. In the same way, a
    1
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    horticulturist studies/cares for a plant. But it is also true that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    veterinarians study/care for cows. And certainly biologists study 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    evolution. But notice that biologists do not care for evolution. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    Also notice that a cow is a specific kind of animal that a
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    veterinarian cares for while human body and plant are general 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    terms. So, (A) is the best choice.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 14. B Craven means “cowardly” and “completely subdued by fear.”
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Trepidatious means “to be apprehensive or fearful.” Thus— 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    craven is an extreme of trepidatiousness. This is a relationship of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    degree. Only choice (E) shares this relationship of degree— 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    exultant is an extreme of joyfulness. Choice (A) is not as strong 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a choice because miniscule and minute both mean very small, 2
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    and so there is no difference in degree. The same is true for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
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    migratory and transitory, choice (B). As for (C), ageless means
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    without age while ancient means to by very old. They do not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    have a relationship of degree. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    15. B If you do not know the definition of either of these words, you
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    can eliminate some of the answer pairs that have a weak
    2
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    relationship. Catatonic and cataclysmic do not have a necessary 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    relationship, nor do histrionic (to be overly theatrical) and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sordid. That leaves (A), (B), and (C). Turgid actually means 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    pompous or bombastic, and so the stem relationship is one of 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    definition. To be turgid is to be bombastic. Is to be lazy to be 2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lethargic? Maybe. To be rotund is to be portly. And to bemuse is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to bewilder, not to distract. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 325
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Sentence Completions 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    16. A What does a successful demolition crew do? It demolishes
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    buildings, and so you are looking for a word like demolish. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Which of the answer choices fits this pre-guess? Certainly not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    construct or erect. Incapacitate and
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    deactivate do not fit the 2
    1 context. Raze means to destroy completely, so it completes the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sentence well. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 17. A Begin with a pre-guess. Something like punishable/responsible 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    works, since it is generally thought that if something is an 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    accident then one is not fully punishable/responsible. Looking 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    down the list, culpable matches our pre-guess. Reading it back 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    into the sentence, it works well. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    18. E Remember to do a two blank sentence one blank at a time. The 2
    2
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    first blank is clearly a negative term since publicity surrounding 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    mismanagement would hurt a company’s credibility. Thus, we
    1 can eliminate choice (C), aided. Belabored, choice (A), also does 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    not fit with the notion of hurt. On the second blank, we can 2
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    infer that it must be a positive since it is on its account that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    company remained solvent. This eliminates (D) and (B) also,
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    since evolving is a more neutral than positive term. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    19. B The though at the beginning of the sentence clues you into the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 fact that the official’s hopes were not achieved. Thus, his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    assurances must not have had their desired effect. Assurances 2
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    1 2
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    are meant to calm, and that is a good pre-guess. Looking at the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer choices, assuage, choice (B), is the only choice that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    matches the pre-guess. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    20. D The sentence structure indicates that the word in the blank is
    1 described by the younger sibling . . . taking on mannerisms . . . 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    What are the younger siblings doing? They are copying their
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    older siblings. Which answer choice matches with copy? 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Emulate, choice (D), means to copy, and it is the best answer
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choice. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    21. A Start with the first blank here. Since the visitor was unfamiliar 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    with the region’s customs and you know that he offended his 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    host, you should suspect that his actions were culturally 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    improper. Looking at the answer choices, we can eliminate (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Moving to the second blank, since he was unaware of his poor 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    actions, it makes sense that he did not realize he had offended 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    his hosts. Unaware does not fit the context, and blind does not 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 fit as well as oblivious or ignorant. That leaves choices (A) and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    326 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    ANSWERS
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (B). Reading both back into the sentence, (A) works better. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Curtness does not capture the idea of culture improperness like 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    impropriety does.
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    22. E The second blank is quite approachable since you know that it 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    means “allowing no light through”
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    or something like that. 2
    1 Which answer choices fit this? Opaque, choice (E), really is the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    only good fit. Translucent works well in the first blank, and so 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 (E) is the best choice.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    23. A Here the sentence is contrasting the way that history was written 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in the past with the professional standards of history writing 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    today. In the past, the sentence reads, historiography . . . tended 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to hagiography. In this usage, hagiography means overly 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sympathetic and full of praise. Thus, today’s requirements 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    should be in strong contrast to this. With this in mind, which of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the answer choices is a good modifier for tone in the second 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    blank? Reserved and careful are good choices. Looking at the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    first blank, even, choice (E), does not fit with distance, while 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    critical does fit well. Therefore, choice (A) is the best choice.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Reading Comprehension
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    24. E The passage reads, “The semi-empirical practitioners . . . 2
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    criticized the ab initio methodology as overly laborious and 2
    2
    1
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    ultimately less productive.” That is I and III. II, on the other 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    hand, is actually a criticism of the semi-empirical method.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    25. B The second half of the first paragraph clearly explains that the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    major hurdle in working with Schrödinger’s Equation was that 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    it was difficult to solve. If you have been keeping track of the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    flow of ideas in the passage, it will be easy to locate the pertinent 2
    1
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    part of the text and answer the question. Choice (B) is correct. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    26. C Lines 27–31 read, “. . . the so-called semi-empirical method, 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    simplified the computational hurdles by neglecting possibly 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    negligible components of the calculations and by extensively 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    employed empirical data.” Thus, it was empirical in that it 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    employed extensive empirical data in obtaining a result, which is 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choice (C). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 27. A A question about the author’s intent will include both the main 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    idea of the passage and the author’s tone in expressing the main 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    idea. What was the main idea of the passage? The introduction
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of electronic computers produced a bifurcation in methodolo- 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    gies in quantum chemistry. What was the author’s tone in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 327
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part IV: Three Practice GREs

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    expressing this idea? Primarily explanatory as opposed to 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    argumentative. Which answer choice captures both of these 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    elements? Choice (A) does. All the other answer choices are 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    either wrong in tone or wrong in content. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    28. D You should read with this question
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    in mind, because questions 2
    1 like this are standard. The passage discusses the inadequacies of 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    current theories of wavy and dotted line pottery in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, and points to the need for
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    further research in this area. The answer should include both of 2
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    these aspects. Choice (A) includes the former but not the latter. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 Choices (B) and (C) are too specific, while choice (E) is too 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    general. Only choice (D) contains both aspects of the passage, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the shortcomings of contemporary theories and the need for 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    more research. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    29. C The passage clearly states that Arkell’s model was problematized
    1 by the discovery of wavy and dotted line pottery outside of the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Central Nile in strata and progressions that conflicted with his 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    account. That is answer choice (C).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    30. B On inference questions like this, you have to bear down and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    read through each answer choice and compare it with what you
    know of the author through reading the passage. In choice (A), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the word thoroughly sounds extreme in comparison to the tone 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 2
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    of the passage and so should give you caution. Choice (B) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    sounds like something the author would recommend. As for (C), 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the author never makes any specific methodological suggestions 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of this kind. Choice (D) might be something that the author 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    would agree with but the author never mentions composition in 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the passage, and the same could be said for choice (E) and 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    material vs. non-material culture. Choice (B) is best. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1
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    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    328 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    Chapter

    8
    Closing Remarks
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Congratulations! You have just read through a mountain of GRE-related 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    information! Consider yourself an expert on a subject, but don’t go 2
    2
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    bragging about it at social functions because it’s not likely to impress 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    people. Believe me; I speak from experience.
    1
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    If you have studied all the strategies and techniques, learned the formats 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    for each section, and practiced on the sample questions, then you should
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    feel pretty good about your chances on the real test. There’s only so much 2
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    preparation you can do, and if you’ve finished this book, you’ve done 2
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    2
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    more than most people taking the test. Be confident about your chances on 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the real test, because at the very least, this book has shown you what to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 expect on the GRE. You would be surprised at how people’s scores
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    improve when a test leaves the realm of “mysterious, unexpected exam” 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and becomes “just another standardized test.” 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    That’s all the GRE is, really. By now, you should realize that the GRE says 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 nothing about your potential as a graduate student or your abilities as a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scholar. It’s little more than a hoop you must pass through to get into
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    1 graduate school, testing you in subjects that have a bearing on higher 2
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    education in only the vaguest, most general sense. If you do well on the 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    test, then you’re a good standardized test-taker, nothing more. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 I would wish you luck on the GRE, but if you’ve read this book, then you 2
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    will have made your own luck. Your GRE score will reflect it. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1
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    329
    PART

    V
    Appendix
    About the CAT 332

    PART V
    About the CAT

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    2
    2
    1 to Apply for the GRE
    How
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The best way to learn all the relevant facts about the GRE is to go on line 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to the official GRE Web site, www.gre.org. There, you will find a list of
    testing centers in your area, registration information, stuff about score 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    reporting, and scads of other GRE-related trivia. If you don’t want to go
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    1 on line because you don’t like computers, you should keep in mind that it’s 2
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    a computer-based test you are about to take. It’s time to start familiarizing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    yourself. There is a phone number to call during business hours, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    609-771-7670, but the recorded voice there will harangue you to use the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Web site. You can eventually get a person, but it normally takes a while. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    If you do want to speak to a person, a better approach is to call someone at 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    a local testing center. Since you may potentially give them your money, 2
    2
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    1 they are often more amenable to answering any questions you might have. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The GRE CAT Interface 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The three simulated screen shots on pages 333, 335, and 336 show the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    GRE CAT interface for the Analytical Writing sections, the Quantitative 2
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    section, and the Verbal section. Let’s first examine the features of the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 interface that are common to all exam sections. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The CAT Title Bar 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A dark title bar will appear across the top of the computer screen at all
    times during all test sections. (You cannot hide this bar.) The CAT title bar 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 displays three items: 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • Left corner: The time remaining for the current section (hours and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
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    minutes)
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 • Middle: The name of the test (GRE) and current section number 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • 2
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    Right corner: The current question
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    number and total number of 2
    2
    1
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    questions in the current section 2
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    332
    About the CAT

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    Name and Number

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    Time elapsed CAT Title Bar of Text Section

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    00:28 Computer-Adaptive GRE-Section 2:Analytical Writing 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    Beginning

    2
    1
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    The following appeared in a memo from the manager of UpperCuts, a hair salon

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    located in a suburb of the city of Apton, to the salon's owner:
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    "According to a nationwide
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    demographic study, more and more people today are 2
    2
    1 AWA Topic
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    moving from suburbs to downtown areas. So in order to boost sagging profits at

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    UpperCuts we should relocate the salon from its current location in Apton's

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    suburban mall to downtown Apton, while retaining the salon's decidedly upscale
    2
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    approach in terms of services, products and pricing. After all, HairDooz, our chief
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    2
    2
    1 competitor at the mall, has just relocated downtown and is populr among
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The manager's argument relies on a series of unproven assumptions and is
    2
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    The AWA Cut
    therefore unconvincing as it stands. To begin with, the argument assumes that
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Editing
    2
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    Apton's demographic trend reflects the national trend. Yet, the mere fact that
    Screen
    Paste
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    one hair salon has moved downtown hardly suffices to |

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 Undo

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
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    Test Section ? Answer

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    Quit Exit Time Help Confirm Next

    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 Help Confirm Next 2
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    Quit Exit Time
    button Answer button
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    Test Selection button

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    button button button

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1The CAT Toolbar
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    A series of six buttons appear in a toolbar across the bottom of the 2
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    computer screen at all times during all test sections. (You cannot hide the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    toolbar.) Here’s a description of each button’s function:
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    1
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    QUIT TEST 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Click on this button to stop the test and cancel your scores for the
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    entire test. (Partial score cancellation is not allowed in any event.) 2
    1
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    If you click here, a dialog box will appear on the screen, asking you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to confirm this operation. Stay away from this button unless you’re 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    absolutely sure you wish your GRE score for the day to vaporize 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    1 and you’re willing to throw away your GRE registration fee.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    EXIT SECTION 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Click on this button if you finish the section before the allotted
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    time expires and wish to proceed immediately to the next section. 2
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    A dialog box will appear on the screen asking you to confirm this
    1
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    operation. Stay away from this button unless you’ve already 2
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    answered every question in the current section and don’t feel you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    need a breather before starting
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    the next one! 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 333
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    Part V: Appendix

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    TIME 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Click on this button to display the time remaining to the nearest 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    second. By default, the time remaining is displayed (in the upper 2
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    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    left corner) in hours and minutes, but not to the nearest second. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    HELP
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    2
    1 Click on this button to access the directions for the current 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    question type (for example, Data Sufficiency or Sentence Comple- 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 tion), as well as the general test directions and the instructions for
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    using the toolbar items. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    NEXT and CONFIRM ANSWER
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Click on the NEXT button when you’re finished with the current 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    question. When you click on NEXT, the current question will 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    remain on the screen until you click on CONFIRM ANSWER. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Until you confirm, you can change your answer as often as you 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    wish (by clicking on a different oval). But once you confirm, the 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    question disappears forever and the next one appears in its place. 2
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    1 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Whenever the NEXT button is enabled (appearing dark gray), the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    CONFIRM ANSWER button is disabled (appearing light gray),
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and vice versa. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Analytical Writing Screen 2
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    1 As illustrated in the screen shot on page 333, the Analytical Writing 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 prompt appears at the top of your screen, and your essay response appears 2
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    below it as you type your response. (The screen in the figure includes the 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    first several lines of a response.) Notice that you have to scroll down to 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 read the entire topic and question. You compose your essays using the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    CAT word processor. (Just ahead, you’ll look closely at its features and 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    limitations.) 2
    1 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The Quantitative and Verbal Screens 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    To respond to multiple-choice questions, click on one of the ovals to
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    the left of the answer choices. You can’t use the keyboard to select 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    answers. Notice that the answer choices are not lettered; you’ll click on
    2
    1 blank ovals.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    334 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    About the CAT

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    X-Ref
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    In the sample questions throughout this book, the answer choices were 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    lettered for easy reference to corresponding explanations. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Split screens. For some multiple-choice questions, the screen splits 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    either horizontally or vertically. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Reading Comprehension: The screen splits vertically. The left side 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 displays the passage; the right side displays the question and
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer choices. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Quantitative questions that include figures: The screen splits
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    horizontally. The figures appears at the top; the question and 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    answer choices appear at the bottom. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Vertical Scrolling. For some multiple-choice questions, you’ll have to 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    scroll up and down (using the vertical scroll bar) to view all the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    material that pertains to the current question. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Reading Comprehension: Passages are too long for you to see on 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the screen in their entirety; you’ll need to scroll.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Quantitative questions that include figures: Some figures— 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 especially charts and graphs—won’t fit on the screen in their 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    entirety; you might need to scroll. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    01:06 Computer-Adaptive GRE-Section 3:Quantitative 21 of 37
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    Richard began driving from home on a trip averaging 30 miles per hour. How
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    many miles per hour must Carla drive on average to catch up to him in exactly

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    3 hours if she leaves 30 minutes after Richard?
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    35

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 55

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 39

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 40
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    1
    60

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
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    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 ? Answer
    2
    Test Section

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    Quit Exit Time
    2
    Help Confirm Next

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 335
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part V: Appendix

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    01:09 Computer-Adaptive GRE-Section 4:Verbal 6 of 41
    2
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    2
    2
    1
    Questions 6 to 8 Beginning

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    The Andean cordillera is made up of 2
    In the passage, the author's primary concern is
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    many interwoven mountain ranges, which to 2
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    include high intermountain plateaus,
    2
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    basins and valleys. The Northern Andes
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    describe the climate and topography of
    2
    1 (5) contain several broad ecosystems falling various regions of the Andean cordillera
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    into four altitudinal belts. Its northern sub-
    2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    discuss the factors affecting the climate of
    region is distinguished from the rest of the

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the Andean cordillera
    region by higher relative humidity and

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    suggest various alternative explanations for
    greater climatic symmetry between the

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    the diversity of climate among the
    (10) eastern and western flanks of the range.

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    various regions of the Andean cordillera
    The Central Andes are characterized by a

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    examine the effects of topograpy on the
    succession of agricultural zones with

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    climate and vegetation of the Andean
    varied climatic conditions along the

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    cordillera
    mountains' flanks and by large, high-

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    compare and contrast the climate and
    (15) altitude plateaus, variously called puna or

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    topography of the Northern Andes to that
    altiplano, which do not occur in the

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    the Central Andes
    Northern Andes. The soil fertility of the

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    northern altiplano is generally good. The
    2
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    western Central Andean ranges are
    2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (20) relatively arid with desert-like soils,

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    whereas the eastern ranges are more

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    humid and have more diverse soils. The

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    eastern slopes of the Central Andes in

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    many ways are similar to the wet forests

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    Test Section ? Answer 2
    1 2
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    Quit Exit Time Help Confirm Next

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The CAT’s Word Processor 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    During the two GRE essays section, you’ll use the simple word processor
    built into the CAT system. While the word processor includes some 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    features standard in programs like Word and WordPerfect, it also lacks
    2
    1 many of these programs’ features.
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Keyboard Commands for Navigation and Editing 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Here are the navigational and editing keys available in the CAT word 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    processor: 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 • Backspace removes the character to the left of the cursor. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • Delete removes the character to the right of the cursor. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • 2
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    Home moves the cursor to the beginning of the line. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • End moves the cursor to the end of the line. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
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    • Arrow Keys move the cursor up, down, left, or right.
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    • Enter inserts a paragraph break (starts a new line). 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • Page Up moves the cursor up one page (screen). 2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    1 • Page Down moves the cursor down one page (screen).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    336 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    About the CAT

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Certain often-used features of standard word processing programs are not 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    available in the CAT word processor. For example, no keyboard 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    commands are available for:
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    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • TAB—disabled (does not function) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    •
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    2
    2
    1 Beginning/end of paragraph (not available)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • Beginning/end of document (not available) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 • No key combinations (using the CTRL, ALT, or SHIFT key) or other
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    so-called “macros” are available for editing functions. (You’ll use 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    your mouse for cutting and pasting text.)
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Mouse-Driven Navigation and Editing Functions 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Just as with other word processors, to navigate the editing screen you can 2
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    simply point the cursor to the position at which you wish to begin typing, 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 then click. The CAT word processor also includes mouse-driven CUT, 2
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    PASTE, and UNDO. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Selecting text you wish to cut. You select text the same way as with 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    standard word processing programs: either (1) hold down your mouse 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    button while sweeping the I-beam on the screen over the desired text, or 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (2) hold down the SHIFT key and use the navigation keys to select text. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 The CUT Button. If you wish to delete text but want to save it to a 2
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    temporary clipboard for pasting elsewhere, select that text (see above) then 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    click on the CUT button. Cutting text is not the same as deleting it. When
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you delete text (using the DELETE key), you cannot paste it elsewhere in 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    your document (but see UNDO below).
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The PASTE button. If you wish to move text from one position to another, 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    1 select and cut the text, then reposition your cursor where you want the text 2
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    to go and click on the PASTE button. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The UNDO button. Click on this button to undo the most recent delete, 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    cut, or paste that you performed.
    2
    1
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    Limitations of CUT and UNDO. The following mouse-driven features are 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 22
    not available:
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • DRAG-AND-DROP cut-and-paste (not available) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • COPY (not available; to copy you need to cut, then paste, in the 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    same spot) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • MULTIPLE UNDO (the CAT word processor stores only your most 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 recent delete, cut, or paste, or keyboard entry.)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 337
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    Part V: Appendix

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The vertical scroll bar. Once you key in ten lines or so, you’ll have to scroll 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    to view your entire response. A vertical scroll bar also appears to the right 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    of the AWA prompt. Be sure to scroll all the way down to make sure you’ve 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 read the entire prompt.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Spell-checking, grammar-checking, fonts, attributes, hyphenation. The 2
    1 CAT word processor does not include a spell-checker or grammar-checker, 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    nor does it allow you to choose typeface or point size. Neither manual nor 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1 automatic hyphenation is available. Attributes such as bold, italics, and
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    underlining are not available. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    2
    2
    1
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Note
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    As for words that you would otherwise italicize or underline (such as 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    titles or non-English words), it’s okay to leave them as is. The readers 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    understand the limitations of the CAT word processor. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1 GRE CAT Test-Taking Experience
    The 2
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    When you take a test as important as the GRE, it’s a good idea to minimize 2
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    test anxiety by knowing exactly what to expect on exam day—aside from 2
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    the timed test itself. Let’s walk you through the various pre-test and 2
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    post-test procedures and describe the physical testing environment. 2
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    1When You Arrive at the Test Center
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    Here’s what you can expect when you arrive at the test center:
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    • The supervisor will show you a roster, which includes the names 2
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    of test-takers scheduled for that day, and will ask you to initial
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    the roster next to your name, and indicate on the roster your 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    arrival time. 2
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    1 2
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    • The supervisor will ask you to read a two-page list of testing 2
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    procedures and rules. (I’ll cover all these rules in the pages 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    immediately ahead.) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • The supervisor will give you a “Nondisclosure Statement.” You’re
    to read the printed statement, then write the statement (in the space 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 provided on the form) and sign it. In the statement, you agree to the 2
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    testing policies and rules, and you agree not to reproduce or disclose 2
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    any of the actual test questions. The supervisor will not permit you
    1 to enter the exam room until you’ve written and signed the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    statement. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    338 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    www.petersons.com
    About the CAT

    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • You’ll probably have to sit in a waiting room until the supervisor 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    calls your name. A 5- to 10-minute wait beyond your scheduled 2
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    testing time is not uncommon. (Taking the GRE is like going to the 2
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    1
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    dentist—in more than one respect!) 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • The supervisor will check your photo
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    identification. (You won’t be 2
    1 permitted to take the test unless you have one acceptable form of 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    photo identification with you.) 2
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    2
    1 • The test center will provide a secure locker (free of charge) for 2
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    stowing your personal belongings during the test. 2
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    2
    2
    1 • To help ensure that nobody else takes any part of the exam in your
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    place, the supervisor will take a photograph of you. 2
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    • The supervisor might give you some rudimentary tips about
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    managing your time during the exam. Just ignore the supervisor’s 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
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    tips, because they might not be good advice for you! 2
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    1 • Before you enter the testing room, you must remove everything from 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    your pockets except your photo I.D. and locker key. 2
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    • The supervisor will provide you with several pieces of scratch paper
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    (stapled together), along with two pencils. These are the only items 2
    2
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    you’ll have in hand as you enter the testing room. 2
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    1
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    Testing Procedures and Rules 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • 2
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    If you want to exit the testing room for any reason, you must raise your
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    hand and wait for the supervisor to come in and escort you from the 2
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    room. (You won’t be able to pause the testing clock for any reason.)
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    • No guests are allowed in the waiting room during your test. 2
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    1 • No food or drink is allowed in the testing room.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    • No hats are allowed. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • 2
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    You must sign out whenever you exit the testing room. 2
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    • You must sign in whenever you re-enter the testing room (the supervisor 2
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    will ask to see your photo I.D. each time). 2
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    1 • If you need more scratch paper during the exam, just raise your hand
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    and ask for it. The supervisor will happily replace your bundle with a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    fresh one. 2
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    1 • The supervisor will replace your tired pencils with fresh, sharp ones
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    upon your request anytime during the exam
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    (just raise your hand). 2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 339
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    Part V: Appendix

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    What You Should Know about the CAT Testing 2
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    Environment 2
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    • Individual testing stations are like library carrels; they’re separated by 2
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    half-walls. 2
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    • The height of your chair’s seat will be
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    adjustable and the chair will 2
    2
    1 swivel. Chairs at most testing centers have arms.
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    • Computer monitors are generally of the 15-inch variety. You can adjust 2
    1 contrast. If you notice any flickering, ask the supervisor to move you to 2
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    another station. (You won’t be able to tell if you monitor has color 2
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    2
    2
    1 capability, because the GRE is strictly a black-and-white affair.)
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2

    Alert!
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    You can’t change the size of the font on the screen, unless you specifically 2
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    request before the exam begins that a special ZOOMTEXT function be 2
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    made available to you. 2
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    1 2
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    • If your mouse has two buttons, you can use either button to click your
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    way through the exam (both buttons serve the same function). Don’t 2
    2
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    expect that nifty wheel between buttons for easy scrolling, because 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    you’re not going to get it. For all you gamers and laptop users, trackballs 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    are available, but only if you request one before you begin the test. 2
    1 2
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    • Testing rooms are not soundproof. During your test, you might hear 2
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    1 talking and other noise from outside the room. 2
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    • Expect the supervisor to escort other test-takers in and out of the room 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    during your test. Do your best to ignore this potential distraction. 2
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    • If the testing room is busy, expect to hear lots of mouse-clicking during
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    1 your test. Because the room is otherwise fairly quiet, the incessant 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    mouse-clicking can become annoying! 2
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    2
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    • Earplugs are available upon request. 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    1 • Expect anything in terms of room temperature, so dress in layers.
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • You’ll be under continual audio and video surveillance. To guard 2
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    against cheating, and to record any irregularities or problems in the 2
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    testing room as they occur, the room is continually audiotaped and 2
    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    videotaped. (Look for the cameras or two-way mirrors, then smile and 2
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    1 wave!)
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    340 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    About the CAT

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Before You Begin the Test—The Computer Tutorial 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Okay, the supervisor has just escorted you into the inner sanctum and to
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    your station, and has wished you luck. (Some supervisors have been 2
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    known to encourage test-takers to “have fun!”) Before you begin the test, 2
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    the CAT System will lead you through a tutorial which includes five 2
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    sections (each section steps you through a series of “screens”): 2
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    1. How to use the mouse (6 screens) 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    2. How to select and change an answer (6 screens) 2
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    3. How to scroll the screen display up
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    and down (6 screens) 2
    2
    1
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    4. How to use the toolbars (21 screens); here you’ll learn how to: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • Quit the test. 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • Exit the current section. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • Access the directions.
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    1 2
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    • Confirm your response and move to the next question. 2
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    5. How to use the AWA word processor features (14 screens) 2
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    Here’s what you need to know about the CAT tutorial: 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    • You won’t be able to skip any section or any screen during 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    the tutorial. 2
    1 2
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    • As you progress, the system requires that you demonstrate 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    1 competency in using the mouse, selecting and confirming answer 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    choices, and accessing the directions. So you can’t begin taking the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    actual test unless you’ve shown that you know how to use the 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    system. (Don’t worry: no test-taker has ever flunked the CAT system 2
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    competency test.) 2
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    1
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    • At the end of each tutorial section (series of screens), you can repeat 2
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    that section, at your option. But once you leave a section you can’t 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    return to it. 2
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    Alert!

    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Don’t choose to repeat any tutorial section. Why not? If you do, you’ll be
    2
    1 forced to step through the entire sequence of screens in that section again
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    2345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    (an aggravating time-waster, especially for the 21-screen section!)
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    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 341
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    Part V: Appendix

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    • The Analytical Writing section of the tutorial allows you to practice 2
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    using the word processor. 2
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    • If you carefully read all the information presented to you, expect to 2
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    spend about 20 minutes on the tutorial. 2
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    1 On test day, you’ll already know how the CAT system works. So step 2
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    through the tutorial as quickly as you can, reading as little as possible. 2

    Tip
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    2
    2
    1 You can easily dispense with the tutorial in 5–10 minutes this way.
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    Remember: The less time you spend with the tutorial, the less fatigued 2
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    you’ll be during the exam itself.
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Post-Test GRE CAT Procedures 2
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    Okay, it’s been about 4 hours since you first entered the testing center, and
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    you’ve just completed the second of two multiple-choice GRE sections. You 2
    2
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    may think you’ve finished the CAT, but the CAT has not quite finished with 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    1 you yet! There are a few more hoops to jump through before you’re done. 2
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    1. Respond to a brief questionnaire. The CAT will impose on you a 2
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    brief questionnaire (presented in a series of screens) about your 2
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    test-taking experience (believe it or not, these questions are
    multiple-choice, just like the exam itself). The questionnaire 2
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    2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    might ask you, for example: 2
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    1 • Whether your supervisor was knowledgeable and helpful 2
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    1 • Whether the testing environment was comfortable 2
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    • How long you waited after you arrived at the testing site to 2
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    begin the test
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    • Whether you were distracted by noise during your exam 2
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    2. Cancel your test, at your option. The most important question 2
    2
    1
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    you’ll answer while seated at your testing station is this next one. 2
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    The CAT will ask you to choose whether to: 2
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    1 • Cancel your scores (no scores are recorded; partial 2
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    cancellation is not provided for) or see your scores 2
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    immediately.
    2
    1
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    Alert!

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    1 If you click on the CANCEL SCORES button, the CAT will then give you 2
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    yet another 5 minutes to think over your decision. So you really have 10 2
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    minutes altogether to make up your mind.
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    2
    2
    1
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 2
    342 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

    www.petersons.com
    About the CAT

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    Once you elect to see your scores, you can no longer cancel them—ever! So 2
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    you should take a few minutes to think it over. The CAT gives you 5 2
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    minutes to choose. If you haven’t decided within 5 minutes, the CAT will 2
    1 automatically show you your scores (and you forfeit your option to 2
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    cancel). 2
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    2
    1 3. View and record your scores. If you elect to see your scores, you 2
    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    should write them down on your scratch paper. When you leave 2
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    2
    2
    1 the testing room, the supervisor will allow you to transcribe them
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    onto another sheet of paper (one that you can take home with 2
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    you), so that you don’t have to memorize them. 2
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    2
    2
    1
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    4. Direct your scores to the schools of your choice. Once you’ve 2
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    elected to see your scores, the CAT will ask you to select the 2
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    schools you wish to receive your score report (the CAT provides a 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    complete list of schools). 2
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    1 You can select as many as five schools at this time—without incurring an 2
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    Tip

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    additional fee. This is your last chance for a freebie, so you should take 2
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    full advantage of it. Be sure to compile your list of five schools before
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    exam day. 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    Before You Leave the Testing Center 2
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    1 Upon exiting the testing room for the final time, the following will happen: 2
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    1. The supervisor will collect your pencils and scratch paper, and 2
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    will count the number of sheets of paper to make sure you aren’t 2
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    trying to sneak out with any. (Then, if you’re lucky, you’ll be 2
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    allowed to watch while the supervisor ceremoniously rips up your 2
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    scratch paper and drops it in the trash basket!) 2
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    2. The supervisor will remind you to collect your belongings from 2
    1
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    your locker (if you used one), and turn in your locker key. 2
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    3. The supervisor will provide you with an ETS pamphlet that
    2
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    explains how to interpret your test scores. (You can take this 2
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    1 2
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    home with you.) 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
    Note

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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
    The supervisor might also provide you with a postcard-sized invitation to 2
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    “blow the whistle” on anybody you suspect of cheating on the exam (the 2
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    1 invitation ends with the assurance: “Confidentiality guaranteed”).
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2
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    12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 2 343
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