HOW ARE ALKANES AND ALKENES
DIFFERENT?
ALKENES ARE UNSATURATED
HYDROCARBONS. THEY CONTAIN A
DOUBLE BOND, WHICH IS SHOWN AS
TWO LINES BETWEEN TWO OF THE
CARBON ATOMS. THE PRESENCE OF
THIS DOUBLE BOND ALLOWS
ALKENES TO REACT IN WAYS THAT
ALKANES CANNOT.
ALKANES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
it is a saturated hydrocarbon and all of its
bond is a complete covalent bond.
ALKANES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Alkanes is a covalent compound which
has a relatively low boiling and melting
point. The more the carbon atom or the
longer the chain in an alkane compound,
the higher its boiling and melting
point.The more the branches in the
carbon chain, the lower its boiling and
melting point.
ALKENES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
The physical properties of alkenes are
comparable with those of alkanes. The physical
state depends on molecular mass (gases from
ethene to butene - liquids from pentene
onwards). The simplest alkenes, ethene,
propene and butene are gases. Linear alkenes
of approximately five to sixteen carbons are
liquids, and higher alkenes are waxy solids.
ALKENES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Combustion of Alkenes
The alkenes are highly flammable and burn
readily in air, forming carbon dioxide and water
FACTS ABOUT
ALKANES!
• any of a group of aliphatic
hydrocarbons whose molecules
contain only single bonds which
is the chemical bond.
• said to have a continuous
chain if each carbon atom in its
molecule is joined to at most
two other carbon atoms
• it is said to have a branched
chain if any of its carbon atoms
is joined to more than two other
carbon atoms
• The first four continuous-chain
alkanes are methane, CH4;
ethane, C2H6; propane, C3H8;
and butane, C4H10
• alkanes with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10
carbon atoms in their molecules
are pentane, hexane, heptane,
octane, nonane, and decane,
respectively
• Chemically, the alkanes are
relatively unreactive
• They are obtained by fractional
distillation from petroleum and
are used extensively as fuels.
• sometimes referred to as the
methane series (after the
simplest alkane) or as paraffins.
• highly flammable compound at
high temperatures
• it is a saturated hydrocarbon
and all of its bond is a complete
covalent bond.
• Alkanes have lower acidity
level if you compare it with the
acidity level of alkenes.
FACTS ABOUT
ALKENES!
• Alkenes contain contain at
least one double bond
between the carbon atoms.
• Alkenes are unsaturated, as
they have spare bonds that
they can use. This is especially
useful in making polymers.
• Alkenes decolourise bromine
water.
• Alkenes form polymers. This is
because their double bonds
open up to join other
monomers, but this will be
explained in more detail further
down the article.
• Alkenes burn with a smoky
flame. This means that is
incomplete combustion, where
not enough oxygen is getting to
the burning object, which
means that it produces carbon
ALKANES &
dioxide, carbon monoxide,
water and carbon (soot).
• The general formula for
alkenes is CnH2n.
ALKENES
HYDROCARBONS ARE COMPOUNDS MADE FROM
CARBON AND HYDROGEN ATOMS JOINED BY
COVALENT BONDS.
-ALKANES ARE SATURATED - THEY HAVE ONLY
SINGLE BONDS. ALKENES HAVE A DOUBLE BOND
- THEY ARE UNSATURATED.
ALKENES REACT WITH BROWN BROMINE WATER
AND DECOLOURISE IT, BUT ALKANES DO NOT.
-ALKENES CAN ACT AS MONOMERS. UNDER HIGH
PRESSURE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF A
CATALYST MANY MONOMER MOLECULES JOIN
TOGETHER TO MAKE POLYMER MOLECULES.
THESE POLYMER MOLECULES ARE SATURATED.