This list is based on the modular STPM syllabus which has derive, verify, relate and

show.
○C : Concept.

Formula Derivation
Chapter 2: Kinematics
1. equations of motion C 𝒗−𝒖
○ 𝒂= 𝒕
with constant
acceleration 𝑣−𝑢
𝑎=
𝑡
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑣 − 𝑢
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 ──①

○
C s= (average velocity)×(time)

𝑢+𝑣
𝑠=( ) 𝑡 ──②
2

① into ②:
1
𝑠 = [𝑢 + (𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡)]𝑡
2
1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 ──③

① 𝑣 − 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑡
2𝑠
② 𝑣+𝑢 = 𝑡

①×②
2𝑠
(𝑣 − 𝑢)(𝑣 + 𝑢) = (𝑎𝑡)( )
𝑡
𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 = 2𝑎𝑠
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠 ──④

Chapter 3: Dynamics
1. verify the principle 𝚫𝒑
○
C Newton’s second law of motion, 𝑭 =
of conservation of 𝚫𝒕

momentum using
Newton’s laws of 𝑚 (𝑣𝐵 −𝑢𝐵 ) 𝑚 (𝑣𝐴 −𝑢𝐴 )
𝐹𝐴 = 𝐵 Δ𝑡 and 𝐹𝐵 = 𝐴 Δ𝑡
motion

○
C Newton’s third law of motion, 𝑭𝑨 = −𝑭𝑩

𝐹𝐴 = −𝐹𝐵
𝑚𝐵 (𝑣𝐵 − 𝑢𝐵 ) 𝑚𝐴 (𝑣𝐴 − 𝑢𝐴 )
=−
Δ𝑡 Δ𝑡
𝑚𝐵 (𝑣𝐵 − 𝑢𝐵 ) = −𝑚𝐴 (𝑣𝐴 − 𝑢𝐴 )
 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑢𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑢𝐵
Total linear momentum after collision = Total
linear momentum before collision

Chapter 4: Work, Energy and Power

1. potential energy ○ C 𝑾 = 𝑭𝒔

change = mgh near

the surface of the 𝑈=𝑊
Earth = 𝐹𝑠
𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

2. kinetic energy = ○
C 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑠

1 𝐾=𝑊
𝑚𝑣 2
2 = 𝐹𝑠
1
= 𝑚𝑎𝑠 [𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠, 𝑎𝑠 = 2 (𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 )]
1
= 𝑚(𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 )
2
1 1
= 𝑚𝑣 2 − 𝑚𝑢2
2 2
If u = 0, then
1
𝐾= 𝑚𝑣 2
2

3. 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑣 Δ𝑊
○
C 𝑃 =
Δ𝑡

𝑑(𝐹𝑠)
= [If F is constant]
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠
= 𝐹 𝑑𝑡 [𝑑𝑡 = 𝑣]
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑣

Chapter 5: Circular Motion

1. 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 Δ𝑠
○C Δ𝜃 =
𝑟

Δ𝑠 = 𝑟Δ𝜃
𝛥𝑠
𝑣=
𝛥𝑡
Δ𝜃 Δ𝜃
= 𝑟 Δ𝑡 [ Δ𝑡 = 𝜔]
𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔

2. centripetal Δ𝑣 rΔ𝜃
○
C =
Δv r
 𝑣2 Δ𝑣 = 𝑣Δ𝜃
acceleration 𝑎 = 𝑟 𝛥𝑣
𝑎= [Δ𝑣 = 𝑣Δ𝜃]
and 𝑎 = 𝑟𝜔2 𝛥𝑡

𝑣Δ𝜃 Δ𝜃
= [ Δ𝑡 = 𝜔]
Δ𝑡

= 𝑣𝜔 [𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔]
𝑣
𝑎 = 𝑟𝜔2 [𝜔 = 𝑟 ]

𝑣2
𝑎=
𝑟
Chapter 6: Gravitation
𝐺𝑀 ○
C Type equation here.
1. 𝑉 = − 𝑟 • Type equation here.

2. 𝛥𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔𝛥𝑟 = 𝐺𝑀𝑚
○
C 𝑈 = −
𝑚𝑔ℎ is a special 𝑟

𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝑀𝑚
case of 𝑈 = − 𝛥𝑈 = 𝐹Δ𝑟 [𝐹 = 𝐺 = 𝑚𝑔]
𝑟 𝑟2

for situations near 𝑀𝑚

= (𝐺
) 𝛥𝑟
to the surface of the 𝑟2
Earth 𝛥𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔𝛥𝑟 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

3. equation for escape 1 𝑀𝑚

○
C 𝑚𝑣𝑒 2 = 𝑈∞ − 𝑈𝑅 [𝑈∞ = −𝐺 = 0]
2𝐺𝑀 2 ∞
velocity 𝑣𝑒 = √ 𝑅 𝑀𝑚
= 0 − (−𝐺 )
𝑅
and 𝑣𝑒 = √2𝑔𝑅
𝑀𝑚
=𝐺
𝑅
2𝐺𝑀
𝑣𝑒 = √ [𝐺𝑀 = 𝑔𝑅 2 ]
𝑅

𝑣𝑒 = √2𝑔𝑅

Chapter 8: Deformation of Solids

1. strain energy ○C Type equation here.

• Type equation here.

Chapter 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases

1. pressure exerted by ○ C Type equation here.

an ideal gas 𝑝 = • Type equation here.

1
𝜌𝑐̅2
3

2. mean translational ○C Type equation here.

kinetic energy of a • Type equation here.

 1
molecule 𝑚𝑐̅2 =
2

3
𝑘𝑇
2

3. relationship ○
C Type equation here.

between the • Type equation here.

internal energy and
the number of
degrees of freedom
Chapter 10: Thermodynamics of Gases
1. work done by a gas ○C Type equation here.

𝑊 = ∫ 𝑝 𝑑𝑉 • Type equation here.

2. relationship Δ𝑈 = ○C Type equation here.

𝑛𝐶𝑉,𝑚 Δ𝑇 from the • Type equation here.

first law of
thermodynamics
3. 𝐶𝑝,𝑚 − 𝐶𝑉,𝑚 = 𝑅 ○
C Type equation here.

• Type equation here.

4. relate 𝐶𝑝,𝑚 and ○ C Type equation here.

𝐶𝑉,𝑚 to the degrees • Type equation here.

of freedom
5. work done in the ○ C Type equation here.

thermodynamic • Type equation here.

processes