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Schedule Optimization of Construction Projects

using Location Based Management Systems

Thesis · May 2015

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1787.2886

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SCHEDULE OPTIMIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS USING LOCATION BASED
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the

requirement for the award of the
Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING

By
SHANTANU KUMAR
(11BCL1029)

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES

VIT University
CHENNAI. (TN) 600127
(MAY, 2015)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled Schedule Optimization of Construction Projects
using Location Based Management Systems, submitted by Shantanu Kumar, to the
Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Civil Engineering, is a bonafide record of the work done by him under my
supervision. The contents of this report, in full or in parts, have not been submitted to any
other Institute or University for the award of any degree or diploma.

Guide:
Prof. M.Ramesh Kannan
Assistant Professor Date:
Division of Structural Engineering Place:

The project work is satisfactory/unsatisfactory

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Approved by
Program Chair
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest appreciation for all those people who have been instrumental
in making this project a success.
At this juncture, I feel deeply honoured in expressing my sincere thanks to Prof. Divya P.V.
(Project Supervisor) for making the resources available at the right time and providing valuable
insights leading to the successful completion of my project.

I express my gratitude to ProVC Dr. Anand Samuel for arranging the Project Based Learning
in good schedule. I also extend my gratitude to my Project Guide Prof. Ramesh Kannan, who
assisted me throughout the progress.

I would also like to thank Mr. Anson Thekkekara for providing me with CANDY platform and
Mr. Jim Thacker for indulging me with VICO Control Schedule Planner Standard software.

Last but not the least, I place a deep sense of gratitude to my parents and my friends who have
been a constant source of inspiration during the preparation of this project work.

ii
 ABSTRACT

In project management, a schedule is enumeration of a project's milestones, activities, and

deliverables, usually with intended start and finish dates. Those items are often estimated in

terms of resource allocation, budget and duration, linked by dependencies and scheduled

events. A schedule is commonly used in project planning and project portfolio management

parts of project management. Elements on a schedule may be closely related to the work

breakdown structure (WBS) terminal elements, the Statement of work, or a Contract Data

Requirements List. This project aims at comparing the most widely used scheduling technique

i.e. Critical Path Method (CPM) and an emerging technique i.e. Location Based Scheduling

Method (LBMS). The CPM is executed using CANDY platform and LBMS is done using

VICO Schedule Planner. A small residential element is taken as the specimen for scheduling

and both scheduling techniques are applied, duly optimized by mathematical modelling.

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE ...................................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................... ii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATION .................................................................................... 2
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................................................................... 3
2.1 ACTIVITY BASED SCHEDULING..................................................................................... 3
2.2 LOCATION BASED SCHEDULING ................................................................................... 3
2.3 BILL OF QUANTITIES ........................................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 8
RESEARCH WORK ........................................................................................................................ 8
3.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 8
3.2 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH .............................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 13
4.1 DUMMY SCHEDULE IN CANDY ..................................................................................... 13
4.2 DRAFTED G+20 HIGH – RISE BUILDING..................................................................... 17
4.3 CPM SCHEDULING OF G+20 STRUCTURE ................................................................. 19
4.4 LOCATION BASED SCHEDULE OF G+20 STRUCTURE ........................................... 20
CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 22
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 22
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 24
ACTIVITY LOG................................................................................................................................. 25
ANNEXURE ........................................................................................................................................ 26
ANNEXURE A: BILL OF QUANTITIES.................................................................................... 26
ANNEXURE B: PRICE CODE LIST ........................................................................................... 37
ANNEXURE C: RESOURCE LIST ............................................................................................. 43
ANNEXURE D: AHP FOR CPM .................................................................................................. 48
ANNEXURE E: AHP FOR LBMS ................................................................................................ 49

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Methodology Database ............................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2: Settings for a new Project ........................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3: Insertion of Template ............................................................................................................ 10
Figure 4: Calculation of Work rate and Duration ................................................................................. 10
Figure 5: All tasks in working area ....................................................................................................... 10
Figure 6: CPM schedule........................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 7: Plan of the bungalow being scheduled .................................................................................. 11
Figure 8: TILOS Scheduling ................................................................................................................. 12
Figure 9: Activity list/Bar Chart ........................................................................................................... 13
Figure 10: Bill of Quantities Combined with Activity Allocations ...................................................... 13
Figure 11: Budget Forecast ................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 12: Critical Path ......................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 13: Bill of Quantities ................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 14: Structural Floor Plan............................................................................................................ 17
Figure 15:Elevation Figure 16: 3D solid BIM model ................................................................... 18
Figure 17: CPM schedule of G+20 building ......................................................................................... 19
Figure 18: Gantt Chart View................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 19: Flowline View ..................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 20: AHP Matrix ......................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 21: Normalised Matrix .............................................................................................................. 48
Figure 22: Principal Eigen Values Figure 23: Consistency Index and Ratio ................................... 48
Figure 24: AHP Matrix ......................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 25: Normalised Matrix .............................................................................................................. 49
Figure 26: Principal Eigem Values Figure 27: Consistency Index and Ratio ................................. 49

v
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Project Management is an integral part of any Construction process. It is from this concept that
the subsidiaries like efficient use of resources, cost management and sustainable management
were sired. Any project management process consist of three main components:

1. Planning
2. Scheduling
3. Controlling
Planning consists of a brief set of eight steps:

a) Define
b) Establish
c) Develop
d) Determine
e) Test
f) Choose
g) Decide

There are various methods for scheduling of which the most popular are the PERT and CPM.
The project controlling aims at three things i.e. ensuring that project is completed in minimum
time applying the minimum cost and with best optimal quality. According to various
researchers controlling is the main part of a project, even above planning or scheduling
(sepannen et al, 2009). Scheduling of activities are of utmost importance when starting a new
project whatever scale it might be on. It is done to ensure the resources are used efficiently and
in most cost effective way. No manager will want rework as it will require additional usage of
resources and wastage of money which is harmful for the growth of project.

1
1.2 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATION

While using CPM, we have assumed that the project used in the context, is of repetitive type
and is mostly used when the scheduling is deterministic. The major limitation of CPM is that
it can only be used in those projects that have repetitive entities, otherwise one has to use PERT
technique. Also the activity based scheduling takes more time and resources than the location
based scheduling.
The Location Based Scheduling can be used in projects having repetitive nature and where
similar resources are being used in various locations. This technique faces a problem when the
locations are not similar and the allocation of resources is varying for different locations.

1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

To analyze real time projects and devise an optimal technique of scheduling between CPM and
Location Based Management System (LBMS).
To find the consistency of the techniques using Analytical Hierarchical Process.
1. Preliminary schedule using CANDY platform.
a) A preliminary schedule was made using CANDY which consisted of basic activities
for a G+20 structure.
2. Acquiring a model of G+20 high rise building.
3. Detailed scheduling using CPM and LBMS.
a) CPM Scheduling will be done using CANDY platform and LBMS will be done
using Schedule Planner (VICO Control)
4. Comparing the CPM and LBMS technique.
5. Optimization using mathematical modelling and Validation of result.

2
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Any type of scheduling is divided into two basic entities namely: Activity Based Scheduling
and Location Based Scheduling.

2.1 ACTIVITY BASED SCHEDULING

Activity Based Scheduling can again be divided into two major concepts in the field of
construction management and technology i.e. deterministic (CPM approach) and probabilistic
(PERT approach). For Location Based Methods, the division is into unit production and
location production. (Kenley et al., 2009)

Activity Based describes the underlying epistemology that a project may be modelled solely
with individual packages of works (activities) and their logical relationships. The focus of the
method is therefore on the activity as the container for project data, and the logical network is
constructed by linking activities. (Sapannen et al., 2009) The concepts of CPM and PERT aim
at completion of project and give no importance on the availability of resources and the overall
cost and the cost of rework if any. PERT and CPM have been the best techniques known to
construction industry till few years back. The critical path method takes care that the project is
completed in the shortest time. Being deterministic in approach and repetitive in nature, CPM
can be compared with LBMS for real time projects.

2.2 LOCATION BASED SCHEDULING

Location Based Management is the concoction of a Location Based Schedule and a 3D

computer model (Jongeling et al., 2007), popularly known as the 4 D models. The concept of
location based management was explained in another way by Wong et al., 1993, stating that
the above mentioned technique is basically a CPM integrated with a linear schedule. Location
Based Scheduling is an alternative methodology based on tracking the continuity of crews
working on production tasks.

This method is usually suited for projects of repetitive in nature and usually keep resources
continuously at work. There is limited data on the practical implication of LBS but the
customers enjoy nearly 10% schedule compression with no subsequent increase in project risk.

3
The initiative to establish the LBS technique as the best among other scheduling techniques is
taken by Finnish contractors who used this method in their project and found that it was much
better in conservation of resources and lowering the cost.

2.2.1 LOCATION BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

The main principal behind the concept is that the resources should flow throughout the
building. Usually quantities are grouped in preparation of a BOQ which depends on mainly
three things that are single crew can perform work, task associated activity or the tasks should
have the same dependency logic and lastly work can be completed in one location before
moving on to the next. Yong., 2002 tested the importance of flow and suggested a 30% cost
saving when resources can work continuously.

This brings us down to the most important concept behind Location Based Scheduling i.e.
Layered Logic (Kenley et al., 2009).

2.2.2 LAYERED LOGIC

1. External logic: It defines the relation between activities across locations.

2. External higher level logic: this exists between activities driven by different levels of
accuracy in LBS.
3. Internal logic: this exists between activities within tasks.
4. Phased hybrid logic: only tasks with related locations come under this category.
5. Standard CPM links: These are between tasks and different locations.
Location Based Scheduling focuses on continuity but discontinuity of a task is only desirable
if multiple crews are available and a slow task has to be accelerated.

2.2.3 LOCATION CONTROL

Stages of Information of a Location based Control System:

a) Baseline:

i) Commitments to subcontractors

ii) Plan procurement

iii) Preparation of subcontract

4
 iv) Setting constraints to the details

b) Current:

i) Mapping to the baseline

ii) Manage the changes involved in current stage

iii) Changes updated to the current BOQ

c) Progress:

i) Monitors the actual performance

ii) Track the data in detail tasks

d) Forecast:

i) Calculation of schedule forecast

ii) Alert management before interference has occurred

Some formulae that are used in the process stage. (Seppanen and Kenley, 2005)

𝒚𝑬 = 𝑭𝑨 − 𝑺𝑨 − 𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝒉 (1)
yE = Total effective duration

FA = Actual finish date

SA = Actual start date

T1 = Time lost through interruptions

Th = Time lost through holidays and days off

𝑸𝑨
∅𝑨 = (2)
𝒚𝑬

ϕA = Actual production rate

QA = Actual Quantity

𝑳𝑨 = 𝑹𝑨 . 𝒚𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒇𝒕 (3)
LA = Actual man hours

5
 RA = Sum of actual number of resources in location

yshift = Shift duration

𝑳𝑨
𝝌𝑨 = (4)
𝑸𝑨

χA = Actual resource consumption rate (actual hours/actual quantity)

Calculation of forecast:

𝒚𝒙 = 𝒙. (𝒚𝑬𝒏 ⁄𝒚𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒅𝒏 ) + 𝒚. (𝒚𝑬𝒏−𝟏 ⁄𝒚𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒅𝒏−𝟏 ) (5)

yx = duration multiplier

x = weight of preceding location

n = index of completed location ordered according to completion

y = weight of previous location

2.3 BILL OF QUANTITIES

As has been discussed before, tasks can be grouped together in a BOQ when they are executed
in the same location (Yong, 2002). Some of the important terms that are frequently required in
calculation of BOQ are:

Consumption rate: Amount of worker/machine time that it takes to produce 1 unit of each item.

Production rate: Number of production units that can be produced in unit time.

2.3.1 WORKERS PER LOCATION

Total worker hours per location:

ℎ𝑗𝑇 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑄𝑖,𝑗 × 𝑅𝑖,𝑗

𝑐
) (6)

HTj = Total hours for location j

Qi,j = Quantity for item i in location j

6
Rci,j = Production rate for item i in location j

2.3.2 CALCULATION OF DURATION

ℎ𝑗𝑇
𝐷𝑗𝑆 = [∑𝑛 ] ÷ ℎ 𝑆 × 𝑑𝑗 (7)
𝑖=1 𝑃𝑖,𝑗

DSj = Duration in shift for location j

T
hj = Total hours in location j

Pi,j = Production for item (i) in location j

hs = shift length of task in hours

dj = difficulty in location j

7
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH WORK

3.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1: Methodology Database

8
IS 1588 part 1 and 2 are used in addition to the Delhi Schedule of rates to find the approximate
number of labours required for particular activities. This was used as a cornerstone in
determining the duration of each activity.

3.2 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH

The research started with acquisition of TILOS software for Location Based Scheduling and
MS Projects was used for CPM scheduling. The following is the step – wise process that was
used in TILOS in constructing a prototype. This helped in the overall understanding of TILOS.

Figure 2: Settings for a new Project

9
 Figure 3: Insertion of Template

Figure 4: Calculation of Work rate and Duration

Figure 5: All tasks in working area

10
The CPM scheduling of a small bungalow was done henceforth. Network diagram is as shown

below.

Figure 6: CPM schedule

Figure 7: Plan of the bungalow being scheduled

11
 Figure 8: TILOS Scheduling

3.2.1 INFERENCE

Following are the findings of comparison of two scheduling techniques considered in this
project:
1. CPM scheduling is much easier to do than LBMS and less time consuming.
2. There is scope for delays in LBMS i.e. one doesn’t change the main schedule if
project is delayed by some days. This is because the delays are a part of an entity in
the Location Based Management System known as the buffer.
3. A buffer is not the part of actual task duration and is usually located between tasks to
give time for reaction to deviations.
4. A location based management system generates the CPM network based on the
locations. Any two similar locations will have similar network and one doesn’t need
to schedule for separate locations individually.
5. In LBMS, big locations are disintegrated into smaller locations in accordance to the
assumption that a higher location starts when work in all lower locations have been
completed.
6. One of the prominent features of using LBMS is that one can easily remove any
location in between, just by setting the quantities in that location to be zero. The
change is made in calculation of completion days. This technique cannot be used in
the Critical Path Method.

12
 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 DUMMY SCHEDULE IN CANDY

Figure 9: Activity list/Bar Chart

The Gantt chart was prepared using the activities mentioned in BOQ and using the concept of
critical path method.

Figure 10: Bill of Quantities Combined with Activity Allocations

13
 Figure 11: Budget Forecast

Figure 12: Critical Path

The critical path is shown in red and the non-critical path has been highlighted as grey.

14
 Figure 13: Bill of Quantities
For G+20 structure, the bill of quantities for below plinth level was prepared. After entering
the per unit cost of each activity (each element of BOQ), the Calculate operator at the bottom
of the page was used to aggregate the net cost.

Figure 14: Price Code List

Price list of each and every activity according to the project was found and the calculate
operator was used to agglomerate the results.

15
 Figure 15: Resource List

Figure 16: Calendar Settings

This function ensures the number of working days in a week and the total number of
governmental and non – governmental holidays in a year. This will calculate the total number
of working days that one has for completing the project.

16
 Figure 17: VICO Schedule Planner Standard
The VICO Schedule Planner is used in Planning Mode. Working hours are selected from
settings window as shown.
4.2 DRAFTED G+20 HIGH – RISE BUILDING

Figure 14: Structural Floor Plan

17
Figure 15:Elevation Figure 16: 3D solid BIM model

18
4.3 CPM SCHEDULING OF G+20 STRUCTURE

Figure 17: CPM schedule of G+20 building

19
4.4 LOCATION BASED SCHEDULE OF G+20 STRUCTURE

Figure 18: Gantt Chart View

Figure 19: Flowline View

20
The consistency ratio obtained using Location Based Management System was 0.36% which
is far lesser than the consistency ratio obtained using CPM which was 3.27%. We know that,
lesser the consistency ratio more consistent is the entity. Hence in this case LBS is more
consistent than CPM schedule. Location Based Scheduling is done by combining locations that
are similar, so that one can allocate a type of resource and that can be circulated among them.
Hence we don’t have to dedicate separate resources for different locations. This ensures
efficient use of resources. In my research optimization through AHP (Analytical Hierarchical
Process), Location Based Schedule provides better consistency and hence better efficiency than
Critical Path Method.

21
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

G+20 structure was taken as a reference for making the schedule. The scheduling was done
using the logic of Critical Path Method using the CANDY software manufactured by CSS
enterprises. The following schedule i.e. the Location Based Management System has been
prepared in VICO Control platform (Schedule Planner Standard). The following were
optimized using Analytical Hierarchical Process.

It was found that Location Based Schedule provided a project with lesser cumulative duration
than the CPM schedule, as the activities in Location Based Management were grouped location
– wise and the activities could be started and advanced concurrently. Hence, there was no need
to dedicate resources to different locations separately.

Ultimately this research provided a comprehensive solution incorporating the actual realistic
constraints as follows:
1. The LBMS has many advantages over the conventional project networking techniques.
The major advantage of LBMS over CPM is that one could accommodate economical
characteristics in scheduling of the construction projects.
2. Though the computation of LBMS is complex, it is worth the time because it will give
most reliable results and hence the schedule obtained using LBMS is more feasible and
also able to resolve economic issues that might have occurred during the construction.
3. Despite the complexity, LBMS looks into the human factors into consideration and hence
it contributes to the ethical and socio economic components in scheduling.
4. Economically the Critical Path Method platforms are easily available as compared to
Location Based Management System platforms. But the latter can be used in addition to
CPM duly optimized for scheduling on the basis of location.
5. Another constraint is that the Location Based Scheduling technique is not widely used in
Asian subcontinent. This technique is applied on a large scale in Finland and in some parts
of USA. In India, the CPM technique is widely used and the former technique is still
unheard of.
6. Since the Location Based Technique is not used in South – East Asia, there is not much
literature available for study. On the other hand, one can find ample literature on Critical
Path Method.
7. Another constraint encountered was getting the Questionnaire Survey completed, as major
companies are usually not willing to disclose confidential project information to anyone.

Both the schedules were analysed using Analytical Hierarchical Process. In this process, lesser
the value of consistency better the schedule. If the consistency ratio loco motes above 10%

22
then the schedule becomes inconsistent. According to Annexure D and E it was found that the
consistency ratio for LBMS was far lesser than the consistency ratio for CPM schedule. Hence,
scheduling using Location Based Management System (schedule planner standard) is more
efficient than the Critical Path Method Schedule.

23
 REFERENCES
1. M.Ramesh Kannan and G.M.Samuel Knight. (20th February, 2012). “Constructability
– The paradigm shift in the Construction engineering and management”. International
conference on emerging technology trends in Advanced Engineering research, baselios
Mathew 2 college of engineering, Kollam, Kerala, vol. 2, ISBN: 978-93-80624-62-
4(electronic)
2. M.Ramesh Kannan and G.M.Samuel Knight. (31th march, 2012). “Automation is
system formwork engineering”. International conference on construction,
manufacturing and automation research, kongu engineering college, Perundurai (erode
district), Tamil Nadu. (electronic)
3. Andersson.N, Christensen.K. (2009). “Practical Implications of Location-Based
Scheduling”.
4. Kenley.R, Sepannen.O (2009). “Location-Based management of Construction Projects:
part of a new typology for project scheduling methodologies”. Proceedings of the 2009
winter simulation conference.

5. Jongeling.R, Olofsson.T (2006). “A method for planning of work-flow by combined

use of location-based scheduling and 4D CAD”. eBygg Center, Civil and
Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden

6. Location Based Management for Construction: Planning, Scheduling and Control by

Russell Kenley and Olli Seppanen (2009)

24
 ACTIVITY LOG

Activity Log Start End

Literature review 03-11-2014 02-04-2015

Letter of Intent to CANDY and VICO Trimble 03-01-2015 08-01-2015
Software (full version) received from both companies 08-01-2015 15-01-2015
Training session with Construction Computer software Company (at L&T) 11-02-2015 12-02-2015
Preparation of a preliminary schedule in CANDY 11-02-2015 25-02-2015
Onilne training provided by VICO Trimble 19-02-2015 12-03-2015
Questionnaire survey 02-02-2015 28-03-2015
Detailed Scheduling in VICO Schedule planner and CANDY 05-03-2015 02-04-2015

Optimization using Mathematical programming 02-04-2015 15-04-2015

Validation of result with an existing project 16-04-2015 22-04-2015
Thesis Submission 28-04-2015 05-05-2015

25
 ANNEXURE
ANNEXURE A: BILL OF QUANTITIES

Net Net Pricing Pricing Pricing

Level Item Bill description Unit Bill Rate Amount Trade Code Description Unit
quantity
1 SECTION 2: VENTILATION SHAFT 40,98,068.65

2 SCHEDULE NO.1: FAN 40,98,068.65

FOUNDATION

3 EARTHWORKS 10,43,825.25

A Clear and strip site m2 5,400 3.99 21,546.00 E E1133 Site clearance m2

B Excavate in bulk, Class A material and m3 10,800 40.24 4,34,592.00 E E20021 Bulk exc; cart off site m3
dispose within 2km freehaul distance

C Excavation in foundations ne 2m deep m3 1,125 34.74 39,082.50 E E42111 Exc fnd; ne 2m m3

D Excavate for working space in Class A m3 660 27.18 17,938.80 E E52003 Exc working space; m3
material and backfill and compact to 95% 95% mod
mod. AASHTO.

E Excavate in class A material for trenches m3 390 75.22 29,335.80 E 9E30013 Exc fnd; ne 2m m3
and use for backfill, compact, and dispose ;backfill, comp & disp
of surplus material

26
 F Extra over all excavations in Class A m3 315 162.45 51,171.75 E E603 E/o exc: hard material m3
material for Class B material

G Filling under floors and around m3 11,520 35.72 4,11,494.40 E E82245 Filling; 150mm layers; m3
foundations in layers of 150mm, 95% mod
compacted to 95% mod AASHTO

H Overhaul m3.km 21,600 1.79 38,664.00 E E670 Disposal; excess of m3.km

freehaul

I Dewatering of excavations Sum 1 Included E E8110 Exc: keep free of water Sum

J Stockpile excavated material on site m3.km 0 0.44 Rate only E E670a Stockpile: on site m3.km

3 CONCRETE, FORMWORK & 30,15,495.32

REINFORCING

4 CONCRETE 15,75,348.30

K C10 Concrete in blinding 50mm thick m2 1,695 41.82 70,884.90 C C2212 Conc 10Mpa: Blinding; m2
50mm

L C20 Concrete in foundations m3 1,950 631.02 12,30,489.00 C C341 Conc 20Mpa: m3

Foundations

M C25 Concrete in walls m3 315 632.1 1,99,111.50 C C3520 Conc 25Mpa: Walls m3

N C25 Concrete in ground slabs m3 105 629.13 66,058.65 C C3580 Conc 25Mpa: Surface m3
beds

27
 O Wood float finish m2 1,365 6.45 8,804.25 C C950 Wood float m2

4 FORMWORK 3,39,418.20

A Vertical formwork to sides of foundations m2 3,315 67.26 2,22,966.90 F F2154 Fwk; foundations; m2
vertical

B Vertical formwork to walls m2 1,770 58.58 1,03,686.60 F F2200 Fwk; walls; vertical m2

C Formwork to sides and soffits of beams m2 150 75.74 11,361.00 F F243 Fwk; beams; sides & m2
soffits

D Formwork not exceeding 150mm high m 30 46.79 1,403.70 F F7301 Fwk; narrow widths; m
general

4 REINFORCEMENT 2,33,050.22

E 16mm dia. HTS reinforcement t 114.6 1,951.52 2,23,644.19 R R240 HTS rebar: 16mm dia. t

F E/O 16mm HTS for bars of dia 10mm t 24.6 204.17 5,022.58 R R228 E/o 16mm HTS for t
10mm dia

G E/O 16mm HTS for bars of dia 25mm t 90 -102.09 -9,188.10 R R268 E/O 16mm HTS for bars t
of dia 25mm

H Welded Mesh reinforcement Ref 395 m2 405 33.51 13,571.55 R R3150 Fabric reinforcement; m2
Ref 395

4 H.D.BOLTS AND MISCELLANEOUS 2,34,163.80

METALWORK

28
c Supply, place and cast into position, hot
dip galvanised H.D. bolts

I M20 HD bolts in lengths ex. 750mm and No. 480 52.88 25,382.40 M M24636 M20 HD bolts; ex. No.
and ne 1000mm overall length 750mm ne 1000mm

J M30 HD bolts in lengths ex. 1250mm kg 9,660 15.25 1,47,315.00 M M24656 M30 HD bolts; ex. kg
and ne 1500mm overall length 1250mm ne 1500mm

c The following in galvanised mild steel

K 6mm thick chequer plate duct covers cut to m2 165 260.42 42,969.30 M M4422 Chequer plate; 6mm; m2
suitable lengths on site cut to size on site

L 40x6mm flat section welded to L-section kg 990 5.63 5,573.70 M M3483 Flat sect: 40x6mm; kg
welded to L-section

M 50x50x6mm L-section frame kg 2,355 4.58 10,785.90 M M3485 L-Section frame: kg

50x50x6mm

N 40x6mm flat section lug 180mm long no 1,125 1.9 2,137.50 M M34931 Flat section lug: no
40x6mm; 180mm long

4 JOINTS 2,89,548.00

29
 A Form vertical expansion joints with 20mm m 1,260 200.97 2,53,222.20 F F9103 Expansion joints; m
thick impregnated fibre board including all vertical; 20mm; ex.
necessary formwork. 150mm ne 300mm high
Size ex. 150mm ne 300mm high

B Rake out 20mm thick filler board 13mm m 1,260 28.83 36,325.80 F F9444 Rake out & fill joints; m
deep and fill with polysulphide sealant, 20mm
including bond breaker

4 GROUTING 1,07,370.75

C Cement and sand (1:3) grouting under dm3 17,925 5.99 1,07,370.75 C C825213 Grouting; 1:3 dm3
bases & HD bolt pockets.

4 STORMWATER DRAINAGE 2,36,596.05

D Supply, bed and lay 375mm dia class 75D m 375 225.65 84,618.75 L L8110r Conc pipe: 75D; m
concrete pipe 375mm dia; Sup, bed &
lay

c Supply and install manholes consisting

of one-brick walls, a concrete bottom
slab 100mm thick, concrete cover slab
including a 600x600mm single seal C.I.
manhole cover and frame.

E Manhole size 1000x1200x1500mm deep no 15 5,067.30 76,009.50 L L8371 Manhole:1x1.2x1.5 no

internally.

30
 F Manhole size 1200x1200x1500mm deep no 15 5,064.52 75,967.80 L 9L8372 Manhole: 1.2x1.2x 1.5 no
internally.

3 SCHEDULE NO.2: FAN 38,748.08

G Purchase transport & deliver a "SPECIAL item 1 27,775.76 27,775.76 m m001 Purchase transport & item
TYPE" mk III fan from nominated supplier deliver a "SPECIAL
WEEMACFAN Ltd., 17 3rd Street, TYPE" mk III fan from
HOUSTON, TEXAS, USA. Install and nominated supplier
commission. WEEMACFAN Ltd., 17
3rd Street, HOUSTON,
TEXAS, USA. Install
and commission.

H Maintain and run ventilation system sum 1 10,972.32 10,972.32 m m001a Maintain and run sum
for a period of three months including all ventilation system
client personnel training for a period of three
months including all
client personnel training

1 SECTION 3: SUBSTATION AND 20,95,888.30

YARD

2 SCHEDULE NO.1: SUBSTATION 20,95,888.30

3 EARTHWORKS 5,50,038.90

A Clear and strip site m2 2,850 3.99 11,371.50 E E1133 Site clearance m2

31
 B Excavate in class A material for trenches m3 5,070 75.22 3,81,365.40 E 9E30013 Exc fnd; ne 2m m3
and use for backfill, compact, and dispose ;backfill, comp & disp
of surplus material

C Excavation in foundations ne 2m deep m3 600 34.74 20,844.00 E E42111 Exc fnd; ne 2m m3

D Extra over all excavations in Class A m3 840 162.45 1,36,458.00 E E603 E/o exc: hard material m3
material for Class B material

3 CONCRETE, FORMWORK & 13,49,331.75

REINFORCING

4 CONCRETE 3,73,220.25

E C20 Concrete in foundations m3 135 631.02 85,187.70 C C341 Conc 20Mpa: m3

Foundations

F C25 Concrete in ground slabs m3 375 629.13 2,35,923.75 C C3580 Conc 25Mpa: Surface m3
beds

G C25 Concrete in transformer bases m3 60 649.18 38,950.80 C C3525 Conc 25Mpa: Bases m3

H Wood float finish m2 2,040 6.45 13,158.00 C C950 Wood float m2

4 FORMWORK 56,849.85

I Formwork not exceeding 150mm high m 1,215 46.79 56,849.85 F F7301 Fwk; narrow widths; m
general

4 REINFORCEMENT 65,073.45

32
 J Welded Mesh reinforcement Ref 193 m2 2,535 25.67 65,073.45 R R3120 Fabric reinforcement; m2
Ref 193

4 BRICKWORK 8,54,188.20

A One brick wall in foundations m2 1,590 197.5 3,14,025.00 B B6341 1 stock brick wall: fnd m2

B One brick wall in two half brick skins m2 2,010 217.56 4,37,295.60 B B6651 Cavity wall: 2 x half m2
brick skins

C E/O brickwork for facing and pointing m2 1,980 50.42 99,831.60 B B7111 E/o bwk: facing & m2
pointing

D Brickgrip 375 microns embossed m2 240 12.65 3,036.00 W W2111 DPC: Brickgrip 375; m2
polyethelene Type B dampproof course walls
on walls

3 PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE 94,059.75

5 Rainwater Goods 51,325.95

E 0.6mm thick galv sheet iron in 100 x m 420 78.23 32,856.60 L L2111 0.6mm thick galv sheet m
75mm rectangular pattern concealed eaves iron in 100 x 75mm
gutter with beaded top edge and fixing to rectangular pattern
falls on steel framing concealed eaves gutter
with beaded top edge
and fixing to falls on
steel framing

33
 F Extra on last for stopped end no 60 16.3 978 L L2112 Extra on last for stopped no
end

G Extra for outlet with nozzle piece for and no 60 16.3 978 L L2114 Extra for outlet with no
joint to 100 x 75mm sheet iron rainwater nozzle piece for and
pipe joint to 100 x 75mm
sheet iron rainwater
pipe

H 0.6mm thick galv sheet iron in 100 x m 195 70.01 13,651.95 L L2211 0.6mm thick galv sheet m
75mm rectangular pattern rainwater pipe iron in 100 x 75mm
fixed to wall rectangular pattern
rainwater pipe fixed to
wall

I Extra for 100 x 75mm shoe no 60 47.69 2,861.40 L L2212 Extra for 100 x 75mm no
shoe

5 Drainage 42,733.80

J Excavate for and build oil soakpit size no 2 6,282.90 12,565.80 L L7782 Exc & build soakpit; no
3000 x 3000 x 3750mm deep overall with 3x3x3.75m;
polyethelene sheeting to sides, filling polyethelene sheeting,
soakpit with rocks approximately 250mm +- 250mm rock fill;
in size. The top covered with polyethelene 20mm chippings
sheeting and a 20mm layer of fine stone
chippings.

K 110mm rigid uPVC pipe laid in ground m 150 201.12 30,168.00 L L5160 uPVC; 110mm; in grnd m
including excavation ne 1m deep + exc 1m

34
 3 PAINTWORK 51,207.90

A Fibre reinf cement ceilings and eaves cover m2 1,500 15.75 23,625.00 V V911 Fibre reinf cement m2
incl priming of steel sections ceilings and eaves cover
incl priming of steel
sections

B Fibre reinf cement cills ex. 150mm and ne m 405 6.13 2,482.65 V V912 Fibre reinf cement cills m
300mm girth ex. 150mm and ne
300mm girth

c Touchup manufacturer's priming coat

and apply one under coat and one
finishing coat gloss enamel

C Steel sashes and frames with glazing m2 270 19.25 5,197.50 V V5840 Steel sashes and frames m2
with glazing

D Pressed steel doors, frames and linings m2 345 17.15 5,916.75 V V5820 Pressed steel doors, m2
frames and linings

E Steel bearers for switchgear m2 420 21 8,820.00 V V5893 Steel bearers for m2
switchgear

F Galv sheet iron gutter and downpipes ex. m 615 8.4 5,166.00 V V5862 Galv sheet iron gutter m
150mm and ne 300mm girth and downpipes ex.
150mm and ne 300mm
girth

3 PROVISIONAL SUMS 51,250.00

35
G Supply and install Ceilings and Partitions sum 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 Z ZJ40 Ceilings & Partitions; sum
Sup & Install

H Contractors attendance % 0.025 30,000.00 750 Z ZJ40a Contractors attendance %

I Flexible Vinyl Asbestos floor coverings sum 1 20,000.00 20,000.00 Z Zf12 Flexible Vinyl Asbestos sum
floor coverings

J Contractors attendance % 0.025 20,000.00 500 Z Zf12a Contractors attendance %

36
 ANNEXURE B: PRICE CODE LIST

Price Price code Price Total net bill Total net bill Total net bill
code code
Code Description Unit Quantity Rate Net amount Attributes
9E30013 Exc fnd; ne 2m ;backfill, comp & disp m3 5,460.00 75.22 4,10,701.20 WT%
9L8372 Manhole: 1.2x1.2x 1.5 no 15 5,064.52 75,967.80 WT%
A310 Contractual requirements Item 0 WT
A810 Contractor's establishment Item 0 WT
A810a Contractor's establishment Item 0 WT
A810b Contractor's establishment Item 0 WT
A9121 Services Item 0 WT
A9121b Services Item 0 WT
B6122 Pre-cast lintel: 150mm m 19.28 Rate only ST%
B6341 1 stock brick wall: fnd m2 1,590.00 197.5 3,14,025.00 WT%
B6651 Cavity wall: 2 x half brick skins m2 2,010.00 217.56 4,37,295.60 WT%
B6711 Window frame: ne 2.5m2 No Not priced UT
B7111 E/o bwk: facing & pointing m2 1,980.00 50.42 99,831.60 WT%
B7842 1 stock brick wall: manholes m2 261.83 Rate only WT%
B9321 Quarry tile: 150x150 m Not priced UT
C2212 Conc 10Mpa: Blinding; 50mm m2 1,695.00 41.82 70,884.90 WT%
C341 Conc 20Mpa: Foundations m3 2,085.00 631.02 13,15,676.70 WT%
C3520 Conc 25Mpa: Walls m3 315 632.1 1,99,111.50 WT%
C3525 Conc 25Mpa: Bases m3 60 649.18 38,950.80 WT%
C3580 Conc 25Mpa: Surface beds m3 480 629.13 3,01,982.40 WT%
C7821 Conc 20Mpa: Manholes m3 790.85 Rate only WT%
C7862 Conc 20Mpa: Benching m3 1,026.50 Rate only WT%
C825213 Grouting; 1:3 dm3 17,925.00 5.99 1,07,370.75 WT%

37
C950 Wood float m2 3,405.00 6.45 21,962.25 WT%
E1133 Site clearance m2 8,250.00 3.99 32,917.50 WT%
E20021 Bulk exc; cart off site m3 10,800.00 40.24 4,34,592.00 WT%
E3251 Exc trenches; ne 2m m3 17.9 Rate only WT%
E42111 Exc fnd; ne 2m m3 1,725.00 34.74 59,926.50 WO%
E52003 Exc working space; 95% mod m3 660 27.18 17,938.80 WT%
E603 E/o exc: hard material m3 1,155.00 162.45 1,87,629.75 WO%
E670 Disposal; excess of freehaul m3.km 21,600.00 1.79 38,664.00 WT%
E670a Stockpile: on site m3.km 0.44 Rate only WT%
E7811 Exc manholes m3 107.47 Rate only WT%
E8110 Exc: keep free of water Sum 1 Included WT
E8121 Load & dispose surplus m3 22.34 Rate only WT%
E82245 Filling; 150mm layers; 95% mod m3 11,520.00 35.72 4,11,494.40 WT%
E8251 Backfill & compact; 90% mod m3 27.42 Rate only WT%
F2154 Fwk; foundations; vertical m2 3,315.00 67.26 2,22,966.90 WT%
F2200 Fwk; walls; vertical m2 1,770.00 58.58 1,03,686.60 WT%
F243 Fwk; beams; sides & soffits m2 150 75.74 11,361.00 WT%
F7301 Fwk; narrow widths; general m 1,245.00 46.79 58,253.55 WT%
F7825 Fwk; manholes; soffits m2 238.84 Rate only WT%
F7826 Fwk; narrow widths; manholes m 66.13 Rate only WT%
F9103 Expansion joints; vertical; 20mm; ex. m 1,260.00 200.97 2,53,222.20 WT%
150mm ne 300mm high
F9444 Rake out & fill joints; 20mm m 1,260.00 28.83 36,325.80 WT%
J6827 Meranti window type C1 (597x990mm) No Not priced UT
L2111 0.6mm thick galv sheet iron in 100 x 75mm m 420 78.23 32,856.60 WT
rectangular pattern concealed eaves gutter
with beaded top edge and fixing to falls on
steel framing

L2112 Extra on last for stopped end no 60 16.3 978 WT

38
L2114 Extra for outlet with nozzle piece for and no 60 16.3 978 WT
joint to 100 x 75mm sheet iron rainwater pipe

L2211 0.6mm thick galv sheet iron in 100 x 75mm m 195 70.01 13,651.95 WT
rectangular pattern rainwater pipe fixed to
wall
L2212 Extra for 100 x 75mm shoe no 60 47.69 2,861.40 WT
L5160 uPVC; 110mm; in grnd + exc 1m m 150 201.12 30,168.00 WT%
L7782 Exc & build soakpit; 3x3x3.75m; no 2 6,282.90 12,565.80 WT%
polyethelene sheeting, +- 250mm rock fill;
20mm chippings
L8110r Conc pipe: 75D; 375mm dia; Sup, bed & lay m 375 225.65 84,618.75 WT%
L8371 Manhole:1x1.2x1.5 no 15 5,067.30 76,009.50 WT%
M24636 M20 HD bolts; ex. 750mm ne 1000mm No. 480 52.88 25,382.40 WT%
M24656 M30 HD bolts; ex. 1250mm ne 1500mm kg 9,660.00 15.25 1,47,315.00 WT%
M3483 Flat sect: 40x6mm; welded to L-section kg 990 5.63 5,573.70 WT%
M3485 L-Section frame: 50x50x6mm kg 2,355.00 4.58 10,785.90 WT%
M34931 Flat section lug: 40x6mm; 180mm long no 1,125.00 1.9 2,137.50 WT%
M3493l 40x6mm flat section lug 180mm long no 1.9 Rate only WT%
M4422 Chequer plate; 6mm; cut to size on site m2 165 260.42 42,969.30 WT%
M7881 Galv. Step irons No 9.65 Rate only WT%
M7883 Manhole cover Type 1 No 436.92 Rate only WT%
P5111 Plaster: walls m2 Not priced UT
P7864 Plaster: manholes m2 85.78 Rate only WT%
R228 E/o 16mm HTS for 10mm dia t 24.6 204.17 5,022.58 WT%
R240 HTS rebar: 16mm dia. t 114.6 1,951.52 2,23,644.19 WT%
R268 E/O 16mm HTS for bars of dia 25mm t 90 -102.09 -9,188.10 WT%
R3120 Fabric reinforcement; Ref 193 m2 2,535.00 25.67 65,073.45 WT%
R3150 Fabric reinforcement; Ref 395 m2 405 33.51 13,571.55 WT%

39
R7828 Reinforcing in manholes kg 3.09 Rate only WT%
V1211 PVA: Plastered walls 1 + 2 m2 6.45 Rate only PT
V5820 Pressed steel doors, frames and linings m2 345 17.15 5,916.75 WT
V5840 Steel sashes and frames with glazing m2 270 19.25 5,197.50 WT
V5862 Galv sheet iron gutter and downpipes ex. m 615 8.4 5,166.00 WT
150mm and ne 300mm girth
V5893 Steel bearers for switchgear m2 420 21 8,820.00 WT
V6422 Cellseal: Timber frames; 2 m2 Not priced UT
V911 Fibre reinf cement ceilings and eaves cover m2 1,500.00 15.75 23,625.00 WT
incl priming of steel sections
V912 Fibre reinf cement cills ex. 150mm and ne m 405 6.13 2,482.65 WT
300mm girth
W2111 DPC: Brickgrip 375; walls m2 240 12.65 3,036.00 WT%
W2121 DPC m Not priced UT
ZJ40 Ceilings & Partitions; Sup & Install sum 1 30,000.00 30,000.00 WT
ZJ40a Contractors attendance % 0.03 30,000.00 750 WT
Zf12 Flexible Vinyl Asbestos floor coverings sum 1 20,000.00 20,000.00 WT
Zf12a Contractors attendance % 0.03 20,000.00 500 WT
a1101 Contracts Manager Months 58,584.00 Rate only WT%
a1102 Site Agent Months 37,677.50 Rate only WT%
a1103 Planning Engineer Months 38,306.50 Rate only WT%
a1104 General Foreman Months 27,340.00 Rate only WT%
a1105 Trades Foreman Months 19,382.50 Rate only WT%
a1106 Engineer Months 32,340.00 Rate only WT%
a1107 Land Surveyor Months 30,382.50 Rate only WT%
a1108 Senior Quantity Surveyor Months 45,806.50 Rate only WT%
a1109 Quantity Surveyor Months 32,340.00 Rate only WT%
a1112 Chainboy Months 3,500.00 Rate only WT
a1201 Office Manager Months 7,340.00 Rate only WT%

40
a1202 Senior Clerk Months 4,500.00 Rate only WT
a1203 Typist/Telephonist/Secretary Months 4,000.00 Rate only WT
a1204 Storeman Months 3,000.00 Rate only WT
a1205 Tea/Cleaning Weeks 600 Rate only WT
a1206 Labourer/Watchman Months 3,250.00 Rate only WT
a3101 Car Park & Hardstanding - Establishment Sum 43,351.94 Rate only WT%
a3102 Car Park & Hardstanding - Removal m3 16.75 Rate only WT%
a3103 Fencing - Compound Sum 3,000.00 Rate only WT
a3201 32' x 10' Jackleg Months 360 Rate only WT
a3202 24' x 9' Jackleg Months 285 Rate only WT
a3203 16' x 9' Jackleg (Drying Rooms) Months 210 Rate only WT
a3204 Erection of Offices Nr 3,950.80 Rate only WT%
a3205 Dismantle Offices Nr 1,289.60 Rate only WT%
a3401 32' x 10' Canteen Months 615 Rate only WT
a3501 6 Ur's + 4 Wc's + 2 Shrs Months 600 Rate only WT
a3504 1 Wc Unit (Female) Months 240 Rate only WT
a501 Concrete bases for mixer etc m3 656.55 Rate only WT%
a502 Formwork to bases m2 77.33 Rate only WT%
a503 Reinforcement to bases ton 2,883.30 Rate only WT%
a5101 32' x 10' Jackleg Months 360 Rate only WT
a5401 3 Ur's + 2 Wc's + 1 Sh'r Block Months 450 Rate only WT
a5403 1 Wc Unit (Female) Months 240 Rate only WT
a601 Employer's Liability P'cent 43,755.60 Rate only WT
a602 Contractors all Risk & Public Liability P'cent 73,773.15 Rate only WT
a603 Professional Indemnity P'cent 52,136.50 Rate only WT
a604 Performance Bond Years 5,057.24 Rate only WT
a701 Batchplant Day 894.5 Rate only WT
a702 JD 410 Digger Loader Day 2,362.00 Rate only WT%
g1122 4mm Clear glass to timber frames m2 Not priced UT

41
m001 Purchase transport & deliver a "SPECIAL item 1 27,775.76 27,775.76 WT%
TYPE" mk III fan from nominated supplier
WEEMACFAN Ltd., 17 3rd Street,
HOUSTON, TEXAS, USA. Install and
commission.
m001a Maintain and run ventilation system sum 1 10,972.32 10,972.32 WT%
for a period of three months including all
client personnel training

42
 ANNEXURE C: RESOURCE LIST

Resource
Level Type Code Description Unit Final rate
1 1 PRELIMINARIES
2 11 STAFF
O 11101 Project Manager /Month 50,000.00
O 11104 Site Agent /Month 35,000.00
O 11110 Planning Engineer /Month 30,000.00
O 11114 General Foreman /Month 25,000.00
O 11115 Trades Foreman /Month 17,500.00
O 11117 Engineer /Month 30,000.00
O 11118 Land Surveyor /Month 28,500.00
O 11125 Senior Quantity Surveyor /Month 37,500.00
O 11126 Quantity Surveyor /Month 30,000.00
O 11129 Chainboy /Month 3,500.00
O 11132 Contracts Administrator /Month 5,000.00
O 11133 Senior Clerk /Month 4,500.00
O 11134 Typist/Receptionist /Month 4,000.00
O 11140 Storeman /Month 3,000.00
O 11141 Tea / Cleaning /Week 600
O 11142 Watchman /Month 3,250.00
2 13 TRANSPORT
L 1300 Travel Allowance /Sum 1
L 1315 Subsistance - Married /Week 1,300.00
P 13213 1.3 Litre Car /Month 1,000.00
P 13216 1.6 Litre Car /Month 1,300.00
P 13218 1.8 Litre Car /Month 1,500.00
P 13220 2.0 Litre Car /Month 1,650.00
2 14 OFFICES
O 14102 32'x 10' Canteen /Month 615
O 14401 16'x 9' Jackleg /Month 210
O 14402 24'x 9' Jackleg /Month 285
O 14403 32'x 10' Jackleg /Month 360
O 14502 Toilet Unit (3 Ur's + 2 WC's + 1 /Month 450
Shower)
O 14503 Toilet Unit (32x10 Shower/WC) /Month 600
O 14504 Toilet Unit (Female) /Month 240
2 17 BONDS AND INSURANCES
O 17010 Bond /Sum 1
O 17020 Insurance - EL /Sum 2.218
O 17021 Insurance - PI /Sum 1
O 17022 Insurance - CAR & PL /Sum 1.415
2 18 GENERAL ALLOWANCES

43
 P 1810 Batch Plant Establishment /Sum 1
L 1820 Inclement Weather /Sum 1
T 1871 Miscellaneous Office Materials /Sum 1
S 1891 Fencing - General /Sum 1
1 2 LABOUR
2 22 LABOUR - OPERATIVES
8 2211 Labourer /Day 161.2
8 22131 Labourer (Mechanical) /Hour 22.2
8 2221 Ganger /Day 190.15
8 2224 Shutter Hand /Day 178.9
8 2225 Carpenter /Day 212.2
8 2226 Steelfixer /Day 178.9
7 22260 Steelfixer Average Rate /Day 183.755
8 2231 Driver /Day 184.45
8 2234 Operator /Day 195.55
8 22551 Bricklayer /Day 223.3
8 22552 Plasterer /Day 223.3
8 22601 Fitter Grade I /Hour 24.344
8 22602 Fitter Grade II /Hour 21.344
2 23 LABOUR - BASIC COSTS
9 2381 Labourer On Costs /Day 29.2
9 2385 Artisan On Costs /Day 34.6
L 2391 Basic Rate /Sum 1
L 2392 Wca /Sum 1
L 2393 Holiday Fund /Sum 1
L 2394 Pension Scheme /Sum 1
L 2395 Levies & Registration /Sum 1
L 2396 Sick Fund /Sum 1
2 24 LABOUR - GANGS
7 24214 Excavation Gang (G+4) /Day 834.95
7 24218 Excavation Gang (G+8) /Day 1,479.75
7 24412 Formwork Gang (C+2) /Day 534.6
7 24416 Formwork Gang (C+6) /Day 1,214.80
7 2443 Cast-in-Items Crew /Day 501.3
7 24516 Placing Gang (G+6) /Day 1,157.35
7 24812 Joint Sealing Gang (G+2) /Day 512.55
1 3 PLANT
2 30 PLANT - ALLOWANCE
P 3001 Site Transport Allowance /Sum 1
2 31 PLANT - TRANSPORT
6 3150 Concrete Transport /m3 52.301
7 3152 0.75m3 Dumper /Day 665.8
P 31521 0.75m3 Dumper /Day 281.25
7 3171 6m3 Tipper W&O /Day 1,337.18

44
 P 31711 6m3 Tipper /Day 675
P 31712 6m3 Tipper Km Levy /Km 3.38
2 32 PLANT - EXCAVATION
7 32211 Komatsu PC150 W&O /Hour 248.173
P 322111 Komatsu PC150 /Hour 162.5
7 32511 JD 410 Digger Loader W&O /Day 2,362.00
P 325111 JD 410 Digger Loader /Hour 195
2 33 PLANT - EARTHWORKS
7 3342 Dynapac ST60 Roller W&O /Day 1,043.85
P 33421 Dynapac ST60 Roller /Day 747.5
7 3351 CM20 Pan Compactor W&O /Day 984.95
P 33511 CM20 Pan Compactor /Day 715
2 35 PLANT - CONCRETE
7 3513 21/14 Mixing Plant /m3 81.016
P 35131 21/14 Mixer /Day 382.5
P 3542 Boomscraper F14 /Day 200
P 3553 Cement Silo 100t /Day 200
P 3556 Screw Conveyor /Day 112
1 4 TEMPORARY MATERIALS
2 40 FORMWORK
T 4001 Formwork Material Allowance /Sum 1
7 4002 Formwork to Sides /m2 11.065
T 4009 Formwork (General) /Sum 1
T 4010 Formwork NE 150mm Wide /m 25.41
7 401111 1800x9000 EF Panels /m2 23.866
T 411143 Economy 1800x600 /Week 7.65
T 421112 B&C Clamps /wk 0.54
T 421151 Wedge Sets /Each 1.95
T 421301 Rawl Washers /Each 1.95
T 421302 Rawl Plastic Plugs /Each 0.54
T 421303 Rawl Cones /Each 1.08
T 421305 Rawl Bolts 127mm Long /Each 5.01
T 421313 Rawl Ties 200mm Long /Each 7.5
T 441211 Scaffold Tube /m/Wk 0.75
2 49 FUEL
M 4911 Petrol 95 Octane /Ltr 6.2
M 4912 Petrol 97 Octane /Ltr 6.5
M 4914 Diesel Hi Rate /Ltr 6.3
1 5 PERMANENT MATERIALS
2 50 ALLOWANCES
M 50013 Imported Aggregates /Sum 1
M 50043 Jointing Material Allowance /Sum 1
2 51 CONCRETE MATERIALS
3 511 READY MIXED CONCRETE

45
 M 51113 C10/19 Ready Mixed Concrete /m3 450
M 51133 C20/19 Ready Mixed Concrete /m3 550
M 51143 C25/19 Ready Mixed Concrete /m3 625
3 512 SAND
M 5121 River Sand /m3 68
M 5122 Crusher Sand /m3 72
M 5123 Filler Sand /m3 65
M 5124 Plaster Sand /m3 75
M 5125 Building Sand /m3 60
3 513 CEMENT
M 51311 OPC Bulk 50kg /bag 37.91
M 51312 OPC Bags 50kg /bag 39.79
M 51341 Slagment Bulk 50kg /bag 30.78
M 51342 Slagment Bags 50kg /bag 34.91
3 514 STONE
M 51413 19mm Aggregate /m3 120
M 51422 12mm Crush Stone Grano Chips /m3 92
3 515 CONCRETE MIXES
6 515101 C10/19 Concrete Materials /m3 385.629
4 515103 C10/19 Concrete Mixed & Delivered /m3 518.946
6 515201 C20/19 Concrete Materials /m3 410.607
4 515203 C20/19 Concrete Mixed & Delivered /m3 543.924
6 515251 C25/19 Concrete Materials /m3 410.746
4 515253 C25/19 Concrete Mixed & Delivered /m3 544.063
2 52 MANHOLE MATERIALS
M 5211 Step Irons /Each 9.65
M 52211 Type 1 Manhole Circular Cover /Each 330
2 53 BRICKWORK MATERIALS
3 531 PLASTER BRICKS
M 53111 Stock Bricks /Thou 750.75
3 532 MORTAR
6 53212 1:4 Cement Mortar /m3 368.429
6 53222 1:4 Cement Plaster /m3 386.129
6 53231 1:3 Cement Grout /m3 450.982
3 534 FACE BRICKS
M 53411 Face Bricks /Thou 915.92
3 537 SUNDRIES
M 53732 Crimped Ties /Each 0.52
2 54 WATERPROOFING MATERIALS
3 541 SHEETING
M 5412 250 Micron PVC /m2 6.6
M 5413 375 Micron PVC /m2 11
2 59 SUNDRY MATERIALS
M 595001 Hardcore /m3 32

46
 M 595002 Terram 1000 /m2 1.2
1 6 CAST-IN MATERIALS
2 60 CAST-IN ITEMS
3 601 STEEL
M 6011 Cast in Items Steel /Sum 1
3 602 BOLTS
M 6029 Cast in Items Holding Down Bolts /Sum 1
M20
3 603 REINFORCEMENT
M 60329 High Tensile Steel (All Sizes) /Tonne 1,300.00
M 6033193 Mesh Reference 193 /m2 20.4
M 6033395 Mesh Reference 395 /m2 26.75
1 7 M & E MATERIALS
2 71 PIPES
M 712375 375mm 75D Ogee Concrete Pipe /lm 155
M 713110 110d Normal uPVC Pipe /lm 42
2 72 EQUIPMENT
M 7210001 1000mm Centrifugal Fan /No 25,000.00
M 7210002 Anti vibration mount /No 399
M 7210003 Discharge flange /No 400
M 7210004 Canvas collar /m 21
1 8 MANHOLE FINISHES
3 800121 Manhole Brickwork /m2 260.354
3 800131 Manhole Plaster /m2 85.781
1 9 SUBCONTRACTORS
2 90 DOMESTIC SUBCONTRACTORS
S 9003 Blasting Subcontractor /Sum 1
S 9015 Plumbing Subcontractor /Sum 1
S 9016 Painting Subcontractor /Sum 1
2 99 SUMS
X 990 Attendance /Sum 1
X 999 Provisional Sums /Sum 1

47
 ANNEXURE D: AHP FOR CPM

Figure 20: AHP Matrix

Figure 21: Normalised Matrix

Figure 22: Principal Eigen Values Figure 23: Consistency Index and Ratio

48
 ANNEXURE E: AHP FOR LBMS

Figure 24: AHP Matrix

Figure 25: Normalised Matrix

Figure 26: Principal Eigem Values Figure 27:

Consistency Index and Ratio

49

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