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JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH, INTERNATIONAL. 2012, 19(11). 27-32

Modeling of Strip Temperature in Rapid Cooling Section of

Vertical Continuous Annealing Furnace
WAN Fei ' , 1 2
WANG Yong-qin , 1
Q I N Shu-ren 1

(1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
2. Baosteel Engineering and Technologies Group Co Ltd, Shanghai 201900, China)

Abstract; The strip temperature is affected by many factors in rapid cooling section (RCS) of the vertical continuous
annealing furnace ( V C A F ) . They can be divided into four types: the physical properties of cooling gas, the geometry
characteristics of configuration of cooling equipment, the heat transfer between the strip and the cooling gas, and the
conductivity of the strip. It aims to model the strip temperature in the cooling section based on the fundamental heat
transfer theory and the four aspects factors. The model for transient Nusselt number is obtained by considering
Reynolds number, Prandtl number and geometry characteristics of RCS. Then cooling model of the strip transient
temperature is built by Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat conductivity of the strip. The results are
compared with the data from production line. The comparisons indicate that the model can well predict cooling tem­
perature of the strip. It is hoped that the proposed model can be used for design and control of the vertical continuous
annealing furnace.
Key words; rapid cooling; jet impinging convection; heat transfer coefficient

T h e strip is treated in rapid cooling section strip surface, it is required to set pickling section
( R C S ) after radiation t u b e furnace ( R T F ) , soaking and w a t e r washing section in t h e W Q process. T h e
furnace ( S F ) and slow cooling section ( S C S ) in ver­ G - W Q process combines W Q process and GJC
tical continuous annealing furnace ( V C A F ) . RCS can be process. T h e G - W Q process can conveniently con­
used to adjust mechanical properties of the strip by trol cooling rate for the t e m p e r a t u r e of the s t r i p ,
heat t r e a t m e n t for rapidly cooled strip. T h e cooling and supply higher cooling rate. H o w e v e r , it is also
technologies can be divided into t w o k i n d s ; t h e dry required to set pickling section and water washing
cooling process and the wet cooling process. T h e section. T h e requirements for cooling strip in R C S is
former includes gas jet cooling ( G J C ) , high gas jet with high cooling r a t e O l 0 0 ' C / s ) and clean strip
[ z : l

cooling ( H G J C , H concentration no more than 5 % ) ,

2 surface. T h e H H J C process can satisfy b o t h of the
2

high H jet cooling ( H H J C , H concentration of

2 2 2 t w o requirements.
5 % - 5 0 % ) and roller cooling ( R C ) . T h e latter in­ T h e cooling model of the strip t e m p e r a t u r e was
cludes w a t e r quenching ( W Q ) and gas-water quench­ built to predict the H H J C process in R C S of 2

ing ( G - W Q ) . T h e cooled strip will have good surface
qualities by G J C , H G J C , H H J C , or R C process. Z n u m b e r is obtained by Reynolds n u m b e r , P r a n d t
T h e cooling rates of G J C , H G J C , H H J C , or RC
are 1 3 , 6 0 , 150 and 100 °C/s respectively. H o w e v ­
er, the surface of strip is easy to be scraped by
working rollers in the RC process. T h e W Q process
is to jet w a t e r for cooling the strip which makes
cooljng rate up to 500 ° C / s , b u t it is difficult to con­
trol the cooling r a t e . T o avoid oxidation of the
[ 1 ]
V C A F . F i r s t l y , the model of transient N u s s e l t
2 n u m b e r and t h e geometry characteristics of cooling
equipment. T h e n the model of heat transfer coeffi­
cient is obtained by Nusselt number. T h e cooling
model of the strip t e m p e r a t u r e is built based on t h e
heat transfer coefficient and the conductivity of t h e
strip. T h e data from production line are utilized for
comparing t h e prediction. Finally, the conclusions

Foundation Item Item S p o n s o r e d by N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e and

: T e c h n o l o g y S u p p o r t P r o g r a m in 1 2 t h F i v e - Y e a r P l a n of C h i n a ( 2 0 1 1 B A E 1 3 B 0 2 )
Biography: W A N F e i ( 1 9 5 5 — ) , M a l e , D o c t o r , P r o f e s s o r ; E-mail: wanfei01@126. com; Received Date : June 3 0 , 2011
 28 Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International Vol. 19

are d r a w n . T h e analogous m e t h o d s for building such

Η
model in calculating t e m p e r a t u r e of strip are i n t r o ­
duced'- -'. N e v e r t h e l e s s , it is lack of t h e parameters
3

in t h a t model so t h a t the p a r a m e t e r s can not be ade­

quately analyzed.

1 Effect Factors of Transient Temperature

Model of Strip
T h e cooling model of t h e strip t e m p e r a t u r e is
related w i t h t h e physical p r o p e r t i e s of cooling gas
Strip
w h i c h is r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h t h e N u s s e l t n u m b e r , t h e
g e o m e t r y s t r u c t u r e of t h e cooling e q u i p m e n t and Fig. 1 Position of jet impact piping and strip
t h e h e a t conductive p r o p e r t i e s w h i c h are character­
ized w i t h t h e h e a t conductive p r o p e r t i e s , d e n s i t y ,
h e a t transfer surface area and volume of t h e
s t r i p , etc.
[ 4 ]

T h e Nusselt n u m b e r Nu can be used to demon­

s t r a t e the cooling ability of t h e cooling gas. It is r e ­
lated with the characteristics of the g a s , Reynolds
n u m b e r Re, P r a n d t l n u m b e r Pr, and t h e geometry
s t r u c t u r e of the cooling equipment. Nu is in propor­
tion to Re and Re can be expressed as^ - 4 1

„ Inertia force vD g

Re=^y. τ = -*— (1)

Viscous lorce υ Fig. 2 Array of jet holes
w h e r e , Re is usually ranged from 3 000 to 50 000
during the R C S ; v is the velocity of the cooling g a s ,
g 2 Model of Nusselt Number for Jet Impinging
m / s ; D is the diameter of the jet holes on the cool­
ing p i p e s , m ; and y is the kinematic viscosity of 2.1 Relationship among Nu, Re and Pr
cooling g a s , m / s .z
T h e cooling gas N - H jets from the jet holes to
2 2

Nu is also in proportion to Pr and Pr is used to
d e m o n s t r a t e the relationship of the speed boundary
and the heat boundary on surface of the strip'- -'. Pr 5
can be expressed as
the strip with the form of jet impinging flow. And
there is an intense t u r b u l e n t flow on t h e surface of
the strip when the cooling gas is jetted t o w a r d the
strip - . C 6 8 ]

ρ Molecular diffusivity m o m e n t u m _ T h e model of the Nu in the condition of the jet

Molecular diffusivity of heat impinging is different from t h a t of the laminar
»J°£L = JL
f l o w and it can be expressed as
( 2 )

λ a [6]

w h e r e , Pr is usually ranged from 0. 693 to 0. 706 N (r)=>fe Pr$ 4(r)-Refe(r)

M 1 : (3)
during t h e R C S ; a is thermal diffusivity, m / s , a = 2
w h e r e , r is the time of the strip m o v i n g , s; ki is the
coefficient related with the geometry of cooling equip­
ρ is the density of g a s , k g / m ; c is the specific
3 P
ment; Pr and Re are P r a n d t l n u m b e r and Reynolds
JC JC
(Kp
n u m b e r for jet impinging in R C S , respectively; and
h e a t , J / ( k g · ° C ) ; and λ is t h e r m a l conductivity,
C] and C are the indexes of P r a n d t l n u m b e r and
2
W / ( m · °C).
Reynolds n u m b e r , respectively. N U ( T ) , k , Pr , x JC
T h e geometry s t r u c t u r e of the cooling equip­
Re , Ci and C are all dimensionless quantities.
JC 2
m e n t includes t h e diameter of the jet h o l e s , the dis­
The model from Eqn. (1) to Eqn. (3) can be calcu­
tance between the jet holes and the strip Η, the dis­
lated based on the initial data including the entry and
tances Β and Ε between t w o jet holes. T h e s e param­
exit t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e s t r i p , the velocity of the
eters mainly affect the velocity, the distributing den­
s t r i p , t h e temperature in the furnace, the velocity of
sity and t h e intensity of cooling gas jetted to t h e sur­
the cooling gas and concentration of hydrogen H , etc. 2
face of s t r i p , as s h o w n in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Issue 11 Modeling of Strip Temperature in Rapid Cooling Section of Vertical Continuous Annealing Furnace · 29

2. 2 Model of transient Nusselt number where, hi τ) is the transient heat transfer coefficient,
T h e pass m is considered, and it is supposed W / ( m · °C); i ( r ) is the b o u n d a r y t e m p e r a t u r e on
w

that t h e r e are η p a s s e s in t h e R C S . T h e cooling time t h e surface of t h e s t r i p , °C ; t is t h e initial tempera­ 0

for t h e m p a s s of t h e strip can be discretized into a t u r e of t h e s t r i p , 'C ; S is thickness of t h e s t r i p ,

n u m b e r of time i n t e r v a l s , Δ γ , Δ γ = r* — τ> Δγ m m ; p is the density of t h e s t r i p , k g / m ; c ( r ) is
s
3
P a

should be small enough to satisfy t h e calculation ac­ the specific heat of the strip which can be calculated b y :

curacy. According to t h e model built above and t h e cp„(r) = l. 3 4 Χ Η Γ 1 1

X f ( t ) - 3 . 7Χ10 - 8
X T (r) +
1

field d a t a , Nu (r) JC can be obtained as 4. 0 0 7 X 1 0 " X T ( r ) - 0 . 0 2 1 0 1 X T ( r ) +

5 3 2

Nujc (r)=k k,Pr)c ]c

K
MRe% 75
(r) (4) 5. 6 9 2 T ( r ) - 1 7 9 . 6 (11)
or w h e r e , T ( r ) is t h e absolute t e m p e r a t u r e of the
(5) s t r i p , K.
•ω According to Eqn. ( 5 ) and Eqn. ( 9 ) , hjdr) can
Β be calculated as
In In
D
= 6. 05{ hj iT)=kj k v D' - u a 75 a 25 01
(r)A -0 1 5
(rVSc 8 5
(rVp/c 5
(r)
ι Bi
C C 2 g

In -0. 025 In -0. 025 (12)

D
Η where, h K ( r ) is t h e transient heat transfer coeffi­
In
D cient for jet impinging in R C S , W / ( m · °C). k 2 is
(A - -A)! (6) 0 9

Η t h e modified factor of t h e heat transfer coefficient.

In - 0 . 25
D S u b s t i t u t i n g h ir) Jc to Eqn. ( 1 0 ) , t h e transient
T h e application scope of Nu ( r ) can be ex­ }c t e m p e r a t u r e tjcir) of t h e strip can be expressed as
pressed as kjck
JCK 2 Vg
i/c(r) = exp[-
f 5 0 0 0 < i ? e < 4 5 0 0 0 , 0. 6 5 < P r < 0 . 75 Ράδ
I r_r τ> ( 7 )

1 5 < j j < 1 5 , 3 < ^ - < 1 0 , 0. 0 3 < A < 0 . 055 r]

Cpd(r)
w h e r e , Nujcir) is t r a n s i e n t N u s s e l t n u m b e r for jet [i -iw(r)]+i (r) (13)
0 w

impinging in R C S ; k JC is t h e modified factor on t h e T h e final t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e strip can be ex­

Nusselt n u m b e r , kj =0. C 95 — 1. 05. pjcir) is the den­ pressed as
sity, k g / m ; cpjcir) 3
is the specific h e a t , J / ( k g · C ) ;
-

k k v°
{exp[-
Jc 2 e

y ( r ) is kinematic viscosity for jet impinging in R C S , t M

JC =
m /s;2
respectively. Β and Ε are t h e distance be­ Λ 0. 15 / \ 0. 1
( r ) A 8 5 (r)c '/c (r)
P
5

tween t w o jet holes ( F i g . 1) , m. Η is t h e distance Cpd(z-)

between t h e jet holes and t h e s t r i p , m ; A is t h e area lt — i ( r ) ] + i ( r ) } d r (14)
0 w w

parameter for t h e jet holes of distances Β and Ε and w h e r e , ro is t h e initial time w h e n the strip is at t h e
can be defined as Fig. 1 :
entry of R C S ; and η is t h e end time w h e n the strip
_ν3πΡ 2
leaves the R C S .
(8)
L
6S 2

T h e model of the heat flux qir) , according to

3 Model of Transient Temperature of Strip t h e N e w t o n ' s cooling l a w , t h e heat transfer coeffi­
cient, t h e difference between t h e t e m p e r a t u r e of the
3.1 Models of transient heat transfer coefficient and
strip and the b o u n d a r y t e m p e r a t u r e on surface of t h e
temperature of strip
s t r i p , can be expressed a s :
T h e heat transfer coefficient hir) is a combined
9 ( r ) = f t ; ( r ) C i . ( r ) - i j ( r ) ] (15)
influence coefficient which describes t h e heat ex­ C C

i ( r ) > y ( r ) and c ( r ) are changed with the

change relationship b e t w e e n t h e cooling gas and t h e w PJC

change of the s u r r o u n d i n g t e m p e r a t u r e in t h e fur­

strip"" 1 0 3
.
nace. A l s o , t h e heat transfer quantity between the
T h e relationship b e t w e e n hir) and J V u ( r ) can
strip and t h e cooling gas changes so t h a t the t e m p e r ­
be expressed a s w

a t u r e of t h e strip changes.
A(r)D
NU(T) = (9)
A(r)
T h e model of t h e transient t e m p e r a t u r e i ( r ) of 3.2 Model of boundary temperature on surface of strip
the strip can be expressed as T h e b o u n d a r y t e m p e r a t u r e is an i m p o r t a n t pa­
A(r)r rameter which is defined as t h e t h e r m a l boundary
i ( r ) = exp [io-iw(r)] + i.(r) (10)
p cp (r)S
s B
layer t e m p e r a t u r e on t h e surface of t h e strip. i w J C
 • 30 · Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International Vol. 19

can be expressed a s : in t h e system are listed in T a b l e 2.

ri(r)+i (r)
iwjc ( r ) — kb
f
(16)
Table 1 Design parameters of RCS and
where, t is expressed as t h e boundary tempera­
WJC
processing parameters
t u r e for jet impinging in R C S , °C ; k (τ) is the No. Parameters Data

b o u n d a r y t e m p e r a t u r e i n d e x , & ( r ) = 0 . 935 — 0. 9 9 9 ; 1 D i a m e t e r of j e t h o l e s / m m 10
and k is t h e modified factor on t h e boundary tem­
hJC 2 Distance between h o l e s / m m 60

p e r a t u r e of t h e s t r i p , ^ ;c l- 00 — 1. 0 9 ; i f ( r ) is t h e
b
=
3 Distance from jet holes to s t r i p / m m 65-200

s u r r o u n d i n g t e m p e r a t u r e in t h e furnace, °C. 4 M a x i m u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n of Hi/Ya 50

5 Furnace temperature/'C 250-350
&(r) is determined by t h e distance between t h e
(0. 2 - 2 . 0 ) X
jet holes and t h e s t r i p , t h e diameter of t h e jet h o l e s , 6 Size of s t r i p / m m
(900-1630)
the velocity and the temperature of the strip, and the 7 Strip t e m p e r a t u r e o u t p u t / ° C 400
temperature of t h e cooling gas. It can be expressed as 8 T e m p e r a t u r e of c o o l i n g g a s / 'C 45
K r ) = 0 . 9 5 V V 1 . ΟΙ" -» 71
M a x i m u m v e l o c i t y of c o o l i n g g a s /
9 146
Ε (m · s^ ) 1

In In'
D A n g l e b e t w e e n a x e s of j e t h o l e s and
10 90
normal of s t r i p / Ο
In + 0. 058 In + 0. 058
M a x i m u m strip m o v i n g s p e e d /
11 7
(m · s" ) 1

12 Initial strip t e m p e r a t u r e / ' C 575-700

(17)
Η 13 L e n g t h of c o o l i n g s e c t i o n / m 15. 6
In
-0. 09
D
T h e application scope of Eqn. ( 1 7 ) can be ex­
Table 2 Parameters of RCS for cooling 590DP steel
pressed as
No. Parameters Data
f5<D<35, 30<B<100, 30<E<100
(18) 1 M a t e r i a l of strip ( h i g h s t r e n g t h s t e e l ) 590DP
) 4 0 < H < 1 5 0 , 20<w <200 g

2 T h i c k n e s s of s t r i p / m m 0. 7 5
w h e r e , ν is t h e velocity of t h e s t r i p , m / s ; v is t h e 0
3 W i d t h of s t r i p / m m 1350
basic velocity of t h e s t r i p , m / s ; and v is t h e basic g0
4 Furnace temperature/°C 340
velocity of t h e cooling g a s , m / s . 5 C o n c e n t r a t i o n of H2/Y0 40
6 T e m p e r a t u r e of c o o l i n g g a s / 'C 45
4 Comparisons and Application 7 Strip v e l o c i t y / ( m · s " ) 1
5. 33
8 Strip initial t e m p e r a t u r e / ' C 700

T h e data w a s collected from t h e production 9 V e l o c i t y of g a s / ( m · s " ) 146

1

10 Distance from jet holes to s t r i p / m m 70

line, including furnace t e m p e r a t u r e , strip tempera­
t u r e , strip m o v e m e n t velocity and size of t h e s t r i p s ,
etc. T o verify t h e m o d e l , t h e data will be compared
to t h e prediction r e s u l t s .
4.1 Design parameters and conditions
T h e requirement of the RCS is that strip tempera­
ture can be cooled from about 575 — 700 to 400 "C in 2
or 3 s for mild steel strips. H o w e v e r , it requires to
cool t h e high s t r e n g t h steel from 700 to 250 C . T h e
p a r a m e t e r s for t h e heat transfer system are listed in
T a b l e 1 , which are t h e geometry in configuration of
cooling e q u i p m e n t , t h e cooling g a s , t h e size and t h e
m o v e m e n t velocity of t h e s t r i p , and t h e furnace t e m ­
p e r a t u r e , etc.
T h e data of cooling high s t r e n g t h steel 590DP
are chosen for comparing t h e prediction results and
the measured data. T h e parameters of cooling 590DP
4.2 Calculation
T e n sets of data are calculated for comparing
the difference between t h e measured data and the
calculation results as listed in T a b l e 3.
T h e kinematic viscosity, t h e thermal conductiv­
i t y , Reynolds n u m b e r , P r a n d t l n u m b e r , Nusselt
n u m b e r , t h e heat transfer coeffecient, t h e strip
-
b o u n d a r y t e m p e r a t u r e and t h e cooling t e m p e r a t u r e
for high s t r e n g t h steel 590DP are listed in T a b l e 4.
Fig. 3 is the comparison on temperature of strip be­
tween calculating data and t h e production data for
the strip size of 1. 0 0 m m X 1 3 1 8 m m and t h e strip
size of 1. 01 m m X 1 234 m m , respectively.
Fig. 4 shows t h e relation of strip temperature and
heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, Fig. 5 shows the re­
lation of strip t e m p e r a t u r e and heat flux.
Issue 11 Modeling of Strip Temperature in Rapid Cooling Section of Vertical Continuous Annealing Furnace • 31 ·

Table 3 Comparison for calculation results and measured data from production line
Velocity Temperature Velocity Initial End Calculating
S i z e of C o n t e n t of
Material of s t r i p / of f u r n a c e / of g a s / temperature temperature temperature
strip/ m m H /%z

( m - s" ) 1
•c (m- s" ) 1
of s t r i p / ' C of strip/"C of strip/*C

0. 8 0 X 1 3 2 0 DQ-IF 3. 5 3. 2 0 345 65. 7 660 409 403. 99

1.00X1318 SECCN 3. 2 3. 0 0 341 80. 3 649 401 406. 90

0. 7 5 X 1 3 0 0 SEDDQ 3. 6 3.18 349 73. 0 662 422 410. 82

0. 7 1 X 1 3 7 2 DQ-IF 3. 6 3. 1 8 360 55. 5 660 415 425. 99

1.21X1487 DQ-IF 3. 3 2. 9 2 355 103. 7 660 415 405. 97

1. 4 2 X 1 4 7 0 440DDQ 3. 5 2. 5 2 355 105. 2 660 427 424. 37

0. 9 1 X 1 5 3 8 DDQ 3. 2 2. 6 8 361 58. 4 657 408 410. 09

1.01X1234 CQ2 3. 6 2. 6 8 318 58. 4 601 403 403. 24

0.81X1582 440DDQ 3. 5 4. 5 0 355 68. 0 654 418 400. 59

1.52X1070 440CQ 3.8 3.18 342 88.0 659 419 422. 62

Table 4 Calculation results of high strength steel (590DP) in RCS

Temperature Kinematic Thermal Boundary Specific Cooling
Time/ hi
of s t r i p / viscosity/ conductivity/ Pr temperature heat/ Re Nu j temperature
s (W- m" 2
· C~
-

•c (m 2
· s" ) 1
(W · s" ) 1
of s t r i p / 'C (J · k g - - C -
)
-c
0 700 0. 0 0 0 2 0 4 0. 1 6 1 3 0. 6 9 3 7 298. 49 902.25 7143.49 6 3 . 11 1018. 03 680. 32

0.12 680. 32 0. 0 0 0 1 9 9 0. 1 5 9 5 0. 6 9 3 6 291. 36 859. 77 7 322. 60 64. 28 1 0 2 5 . 57 660. 21

0.36 660. 21 0. 0 0 0 1 8 9 0. 155 8 0. 6 9 3 4 276. 61 790. 56 7715.58 66. 83 1 0 4 1 . 78 619.05

0.60 619. 05 0. 0 0 0 1 7 9 0.1520 0.693 3 261.49 739. 13 8 1 5 3 . 55 6 9 . 65 1059. 33 577. 43

0. 8 4 577. 43 0. 0 0 0 1 6 9 0.148 2 0. 6 9 3 3 246. 31 700. 98 8 6 3 3 . 14 72. 70 1077.95 536.17

1.08 5 3 6 . 17 0. 0 0 0 1 6 0 0. 1 4 4 4 0. 6 9 3 5 231. 35 671.82 9 1 4 9 . 93 75. 96 1 0 9 7 . 37 495. 93

1.32 4 9 5 . 93 0. 0 0 0 1 5 0 0. 1 4 0 7 0. 6 9 3 7 216. 82 648. 29 9 699. 38 79. 38 1 1 1 7 . 32 4 5 7 . 18

1.44 4 5 7 . 18 0. 0 0 0 1 4 6 0. 1 3 8 9 0. 6 9 3 9 209. 75 637. 90 9 985. 01 8 1 . 15 1 1 2 7 . 41 438. 46

1. 56 438. 46 0. 0 0 0 1 4 2 0. 1 3 7 1 0. 6 9 4 2 202. 84 628.16 10 2 7 7 . 2 0 8 2 . 95 1 1 3 7 . 56 420. 21

1.80 4 2 0 . 21 0. 0 0 0 1 3 4 0. 1 3 3 6 0. 6 9 4 7 189. 52 610.14 1 0 8 7 9 . 14 86. 62 1 1 5 7 . 92 385. 20

2. 04. 385. 20 0. 0 0 0 1 2 6 0. 1 3 0 3 0. 6 9 5 2 176. 91 593. 64 1 1 5 0 0 . 73 90. 37 1 1 7 8 . 19 352. 27

2. 2 8 3 5 2 . 27 0. 0 0 0 1 2 0 0. 1 2 7 2 0. 6 9 5 9 165.04 578. 44 1 2 1 3 6 . 91 9 4 . 17 1 1 9 8 . 21 321. 49

2. 52 321. 49 0. 0 0 0 1 1 4 0. 1 2 4 2 0. 6 9 6 6 153. 96 564. 51 12781.88 97. 98 1 2 1 7 . 80 292. 92

2.76 2 9 2 . 92 0. 0 0 0 1 0 8 0. 1 2 1 5 0. 6 9 7 3 143. 66 551. 91 1 3 4 2 9 . 16 1 0 1 . 77 1 2 3 6 . 81 266. 57

2. 8 8 266. 57 0. 0 0 0 1 0 6 0.1202 0. 6 9 7 7 138. 81 546. 10 13751. 50 103. 64 1246. 04 254. 23

700 (a) 1-Calculating temperature (b)

Ρ 2-Production temperature
Β 500
Size of strip 1.0 mm χ 1318 mm Size of strip 1.01 mm χ 1 234 mm"
Speed of gas 89.3 m/s Speed of gas 60 m/s
a 300
Temperature of furnace 340 V, Temperature of furnace 340 Tl
§ Distance between strip and holes H= 100 mm Distance between strip and holes H=70 mm
I Content of Pfe 3.3% Content of Ha 3.6%
g 100 Material SEDDQ Material CQ2
0 I I I 1 1 1 1 I I I
I t I I I I I I I L
6 8 9 10 11 1 10 11
Measure points on strip along furnace/m

Fig. 3 Comparison of strip temperature between calculating data and measured data with different parameters

t h a t t h e t h e r m a l conductivity of t h e cooling gas is

5 Discussion
related to t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n of H . 2 Therefore, the
1) F r o m T a b l e 4 , t h e s t r i p t e m p e r a t u r e decrea­ strip t e m p e r a t u r e can be rapidly decreased in a high
ses from t h e initial t e m p e r a t u r e 700 °C to t h e end c o n c e n t r a t i o n of H . 2

temperature 254'C in t h e time of 2. 88 s as t h e con­ 2) T h e strip t e m p e r a t u r e decreases from 700 t o

centration of H 2 is 40 %, and decreasing r a t e of t h e 438 °C , and the temperature difference is about 262 °C
strip t e m p e r a t u r e is a b o u t 155 " C / s . I t can be seen in t h e first seven calculating points. T h e rate of temper-
 32 · Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International Vol. 19

5a 960
6 Conclusions
S Size of strip 0.75 mm χ 1 350 nun
Speed of gas 116.8 m/s
920 Temperature of furnace 349 °C
1) The cooling process is dependent on the proper­
ties of cooling gas, configuration of cooling equip­
880 -
m e n t , heat transfer between cooling gas and the
Ιέ 840 -
Distance between strip and holes
Content of H
Material
10%
EDDQ
s t r i p , as well as heat conductivity of the strip. T h e
I 800 comparisons indicate t h a t the model can well predict
646 617 587 558 529 500 473 446 420 395
t h e cooling process of t h e strip.
Temperature of s t r i p / t
2) T h e cooling rate of strip will be higher by
Fig. 4 Relation between heat transfer coefficient and increasing the jetting velocity of cooling g a s , the
strip temperature in RCS concentration of H in the cooling g a s , as well as
2

300 000
decreasing t h e distance between the strip and jet
250 000
holes of the cooling gas.
3 ) T h e model for calculating t e m p e r a t u r e of
tj, 200 000
Size of strip 0.75 mm χ 1350 mm
Speed of gas 116.8 m/s
strip includes all configuration and motion parame­
150 0 0 0
Temperature of furnace 349 V,
Distance between strip and holes //=100mm t e r s , such as the distance between the jet holes and
100 0 0 0 Content of Hi 10%
Material EDDQ t h e s t r i p , t h e speed of t h e s t r i p , t h e velocity of jet
50 000 -1 1 1 ι t t t t t_
646 617 587 558 529 500 473 446 420 395 impinging g a s , e t c , so t h a t these parameters can be
T e m p e r a t u r e o f strip/'C analyzed and various reasons affecting the t e m p e r a ­
ture of strip in R C S can be found out.
Fig. 5 Relation between heat flux and
strip temperature in RCS References;

[1]
a t u r e decreasing is about 182 °C/s. It can be seen
t h a t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e decreasing rate of the strip is
more rapid w h e n t h e t e m p e r a t u r e difference between
X I A N G S h u n - h u a , L I U H u a - f e i , W E N H o n g - q u a n , et al.
C o o l i n g S p e e d of S t r i p T e m p e r a t u r e b y G a s Jet I m p i n g i n g
With H [ C ] / / L I Wen-xiu.
2 2005 C S M Annual Meeting Pro­
c e e d i n g s . B e i j i n g ; T h e C h i n e s e S o c i e t y for M e t a l s , 2 0 0 5 ; 4 2 1

the strip t e m p e r a t u r e and the boundary t e m p e r a t u r e (in Chinese).

of t h e strip is higher.
T h e strip t e m p e r a t u r e decreases from 438 to
254. 23 °C, and temperature difference is about 184 °C
[2] W A N G Y o n g - p i n g , B A O J i , G A O Li. D e v e l o p m e n t and A c t u ­
a l i t i e s o n C o o l i n g T e c h n o l o g i e s for C o n t i n u o u s A n n e a l i n g F u r ­
n a c e [ J ] . Industrial F u r n a c e , 2 0 0 2 , 2 4 ( 1 ) : 21 ( i n C h i n e s e ) .
[3] Incropera F P , D e w i t t D P , B e r g m a n Τ L , et al. Fundamentals

in last seven calculating points. T h e t e m p e r a t u r e of H e a t and M a s s T r a n s f e r [ M ] . -Beijing: C h e m i s t r y I n d u s t r y

change rate of strip gradually becomes s l o w , in
[4]
which t h e rate of t e m p e r a t u r e decreasing is about
128 °C/s. It is because the specific heat of the strip is [5]
gradually increased, and the thermal conductivity of gas
Press, 2009 (in Chinese).
Z H U G u a n g - j u n , S U N Y a - q i n . T r a n s p o r t Principal [ M ] . Bei­
jing: Metallurgical Industry P r e s s , 2009 (in Chinese).
A b d l m o n e m Η Β , M i c h e l A S. E f f e c t s of S u r f a c e R o u g h n e s s
o n t h e A v e r a g e H e a t T r a n s f e r of an I m p i n g i n g A i r J e t [ J ] , I n ­

decreased w i t h the decreasing of strip t e m p e r a t u r e . t e r n a t i o n a l C o m m u n i c a t i o n in H e a t M a s s T r a n s f e r , 2000, 27

3) T h e coefficient k is a constant as geometry
x
[6]
p a r a m e t e r s of cooling equipment are defined. T h e
rate of kinematic viscosity of cooling gas is de­
( 1 ) : 1.
L e e J , L e e S J. T h e E f f e c t of N o z z l e A s p e c t R a t i o o n S t a g n a ­
t i o n R e g i o n H e a t T r a n s f e r C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of E l l i p t i c I m p i n g i n g
Jet f J C ] // International J o u r n a l of H e a t and M a s s Transfer,

creased for low t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e results indicate [ s . 1. ] : E l s e v i e r S c i e n c e L t d , 2 0 0 0 , 5 5 5 .

[7] W A N G H o u - h u a , Z H O U G e n - m i n g , JI X i n - y u , e t al. Funda­
t h a t Nu largely is dependent on Re.
m e n t a l s of H e a t T r a n s f e r [ M j . Chongqing: Chongqing Uni­
4) T h e P r a n d t l n u m b e r equal 0. 693 7 , 0. 693 3 , versity P r e s s , 2006 (in Chinese).
and 0. 697 7 w h e n the strip t e m p e r a t u r e equal 7 0 0 , [8] JIA Li-di, Li F e n g . P r o c e s s A n a l y s i s for H e a t T r a n s f e r in
577 and 265 'C , respectively. But Pr increases to some R a p i d C o o l i n g S e c t i o n of V e r t i c a l C o n t i n u o u s A n n e a l i n g F u r ­
nace o n H o t D i p G a l v a n i z i n g Q ] . E n e r g y for M e t a l l u r g i c a l I n ­
degree w h e n the t e m p e r a t u r e continues to drop.
dustry, 2007, 2 6 ( 3 ) 34.
5) T h e heat transfer coefficient h increases with
:

[9] X U Jing-Iei, X U Z h o n g , X I A O M i n , et al. S u m m a r y for A n a ­

t h e decrease of the t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e s t r i p , but t h e l y z i n g J e t I m p i n g i n g [ J ] , M e c h a n i c s in E n g i n e e r i n g , 2 0 0 7 , 21
value of i — t drops faster, so t h a t t h e heat flux of
w ( 6 ) : 8.

s y s t e m decreases. It means t h a t t h e quantity of the [10] Fuchs L, Hallqvist T. N u m e r i c a l S t u d y of I m p i n g i n g J e t s

With Heat Transfer-Inlet Conditions Effects [ C ] " / / American
heat transfer is dependent on the heat flux. T h e val­
I n s t i t u t e of A e r o n a t i c s and A s t r o n a u t i c s 4 7 t h A I A A Aero­
ue of the heat transfer coefficient cannot represent space Sciences Meeting Including the N e w Horizons Forum
the heat exchanging capability of the system. and A e r o s p a c e E x p o s i t i o n . O r l a n d o : [ s . n. 3 , 2 0 0 9 · 1578.