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Abstract
Let T denote the interval [ ; ]. In this work we investigate the inequality of
Ul’yanov type for moduli of smoothness of an integer order in the Lp (T ) ; p 1
spaces. In particular, we study (p; q) inequalities for moduli of smoothness of a
derivative of a function via the modulus of smoothness of the function itself.
1 Introduction
Let f be 2 -periodic and let f 2 Lp [0; 2 ] = Lp for p 1. Throughout this work, k kp
will denote the Lp -norm and will be de…ned by
8 91=p
< 1 Z2 =
p
kf kp = jf (x)j dx ; f 2 Lp ; 1 p < 1:
:2 ;
0
where
1
X
k k
hf (x) = ( 1) f (x + (k )h) ; k > 0:
=0
Note that, the following (p; q) inequalities between moduli of smoothness, nowadays
called Ul’yanov-type inequalities, are known:
0 11=q1
Z q1 du A
! k f (r) ; C@ u ! k+r (f; t)p ; (2)
q u
0
221
222 Ul’yanov Type Inequalities for Moduli of Smoothness
where
1 1
r 2 N [ f0g ; 0 < p < q 1; = ;
p q
q if q < 1;
q1 =
1 if q = 1:
In the case r = 0; p 1 the inequality (2) was proved by Ul’yanov [15]. In other
cases, (p; q) estimates (the modulus of smoothness ! k (f; )p of an integer order, the
r-the derivative, r 2 N and the fractional derivative of order r > 0 of the function)
were obtained in references [3], [4], [14].
Note that the inequality between moduli of smoothness of various orders in di¤erent
metrics was investigated by [6].
We denote by En (f )p the best approximation of f 2 Lp (T ) by trigonometric poly-
nomials of degree not exceeding n, i.e.,
En (f )p := inf Tn 2 n
kf Tn kp ; n = 0; 1; 2; ::::;
r
(r)
K ; f ; Lp ; Wp := inf kf kp + : 2 Wpr :
p
Zh
1
( h g)(x) := g (x + t) dt; 0 < h < ; x 2 T:
2h
h
k
Y
k ( ; g)p := sup 0<hi < (I hi ) g ; > 0; (3)
1 i k i=1 Lp (T )
lim !0 k ( ; g)p = 0 ;
S. Jafarov 223
k ( ; f + g)p k ( ; f )p + k ( ; g)p
for f; g 2 Lp (T ),
1
a0 (f ) X
f (f ) := + (ak (f ) cos kx + bk (f ) sin kx) (4)
2
k=1
and
2n 1
1 X
Vn (f ) := Vn (x; f ) := S (x; f ) :
n =n
1 2k
c1 (p; k) k ;f n Vn(2k) (f; x) + kf (x) Vn (f; x)kp
n p p
1
c2 (p; k) k ;f :
n p
1 2k
k ; Tn c3 (p; k) n Tn(2k) (5)
n p p
2k
c5 (p; k) n Tn(2k) + kf Tn kp :
p
1
En (f )p c6 k ;f ; k = 1; 2; :::; (6)
n+1 p
1
Note that, to estimate k ;f from below we shall use the following inequality
n p
in [7]
2k 1
n Tn(2k) c7 (p; k) k ; Tn p : (7)
p n
Let Vn (f ) be de La Vallée-Poussin sum of the series (4).
We denote by Tn (x; f ) the best approximating polynomial of degree at most n to
f in Lp (T ). In this case, from the boundedness of Vn in Lp (T ) ; we obtain
kf Vn (f )kp kf (x) Tn (x; f )kp + kTn (x; f ) Vn (x; f )kp
c7 (p) En (f )p + kVn (x; Tn (x; f ) f (x))kp
c8 (p; k) En (f )p : (8)
Using (7) and (8) we reach
2k
n Vn(2k) (x; f ) + kf (x) Vn (x; f )kp
p
!
1
c9 (p; k) k ; Vn + En (f )p
n p
!
1 1
c10 (p; k) k ;f + k ;f Vn
n p n p
1
c11 (p; k) k ;f :
n p
1 (r) (2k)
K ; f ; Lq (T ) ; Wq2k f (r) V2n f (r) +2 2nk
V2n := I1 + I2 : (11)
2n q q
l 1
!q
(r) (r)
X (r) (r)
q
m q
(V2l ) (V2n ) c13 2 (V2m+1 ) (V2m ) : (13)
q p
m=n
(r) (r)
V2m+1 V2m c14 2mr kV2m+1 V2m kp : (14)
p
Taking into account the relations (13), (14) and Jackson inequality [6] we have
k ( 1 ; f )p k ( 2 ; f )p : (16)
1 1
kTn kq c18 n p q kTn kp ; 0<p q 1: (17)
226 Ul’yanov Type Inequalities for Moduli of Smoothness
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