Republic of the Philippines

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Cabanatuan City

College of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Department

“Wind-Solar Powered Gadget Charger”

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Subject ME 461(Methods of Research)

The Researchers:

Ace L. Mendoza

Arnie G. Vicente

Carl Matthew L. Palma

Kennard Andrew F. Macapagal

Norman Kelvin P. Esguerra

Kim Hensther P. Princesa

Armando J. Bondoc Jr.

BSME 4B

Engr. Gina A. Lorenzo

Research Adviser

FEBRUARY 2017
 APPROVAL SHEET

A design project entitled “Wind-Solar Powered Gadget Charger” is hereby submitted

for consideration and approval.

Kennard Andrew F. Macapagal Armando J. Bondoc, Jr.

Arnie G. Vicente Carl Matthew L. Palma

Ace L. Mendoza Norman Kelvin P. Esguerra

Kim Hensther P. Princesa

Accepted as a partial fulfillment of the course and requirements in ME – 461 (Methods of

research 1) with a rating of ________________.

Engr. Gina A. Lorenzo

Research Adviser
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Project Title: Wind-Solar Powered Gadget Charger

Team Leader: Ace L. Mendoza

Members: Arnie G. Vicente

Kennard Andrew F. Macapagal
Norman Kelvin P. Esguerra
Carl Matthew L. Palma
Armando J. Bondoc Jr.
Kim Hensther P. princesa

Sector: Environmental

Project Duration: 6 weeks

Project Cost:
 Abstract

Wind-Solar Powered Gadget Charger is a prototype

mainly comprised of a generator (dynamo of a ceiling fan),

charger controller, inverter (500W), solar panel (10W) and

a battery (12V). The 12V battery is where the power flowing

from the generator due to wind energy and the solar energy

are being stored. A charger controller is essential because

it indicates whether the battery being charged is already

full. In other words, it is also a safety controller

because it monitors whether the battery is already full or

not, making it safe from faults due to overcharging. The

inverter, as what it implies with its name, simply inverts

the power from the 12V-DC battery into AC current, which is

readily usable by the gadgets being charged. The dynamo of

a ceiling fan, which has an output of 220V-DC is being

attached with 4 diodes in its wirings to convert the output

into AC current. The solar panel is used to harness the

solar energy emitted by the sunrays.

This research is inspired by the Wind Mills in Ilocos.

The only thing is, the researchers added a solar panel as

other source of energy in case that the wind energy is

insufficient to charge the battery.

The researchers aimed in contributing a thesis that

could help in fighting against the climate change. The use

of Wind-Solar Powered Gadget charger reduces the

consumption of the conventional source of power, generated

from Coal Fired Power Plants, which contributes mainly to

the production of CO2, SO2 and other harmful chemicals that

causes greenhouse effect.

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers wish to extend their profound

gratitude to the following persons who in one way or

another served as their guide and inspiration to make their

research possible.

First and foremost, to their loving parents who

supported them both financially and morally in all the

efforts they had made;

To their professor, Engr. Gina A. Lorenzo, for her

guidance in conducting this study and patience on

instructing them as they were doing their project;

To their friends, who brought encouragement and

support to bring out the best in this study;

Last but most importantly, to the Almighty God who is

the source of strength, knowledge and all what they used to

complete this study.

 DEDICATION

The hardships in constructing this research, the

perspirations and difficulties in collecting data regarding

the research made it so special.

The researchers would not have the courage to finish

this without their inspirations, so they are dedicating the

fulfillment of their work to the following, who never cease

to believe in them.

Firstly, they give the honor to their love ones. It is

their beloved family who gave them with a flood tide spirit

of encouragement.

Secondly, they dedicate this to their adviser, Engr.

Gina A. Lorenzo, for her untiring teachings and

instructions.

Thirdly, a part of this dedication is rendered to

their friends who served as their backbone support in times

of giving up.
 And most of all, to the Almighty God, the biggest part

of this dedication is offered to him who is the source of

everything they used to finish their research.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………i

Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii

Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………iii

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………iv

Acknowledgment……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………v

Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………vi

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………vii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………………………2

1.3 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………………………3

1.4 Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………………………………4

1.5 Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………………………………………5

1.6 Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………………………………6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 Foreign Literatures and Studies……………………………………………………………7

2.2 Local Literatures and Studies…………………………………………………………………8

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

3.1 Researchers’ Flow Chart…………………………………………………………………………………9

3.2 Research Locale……………………………………………………………………………………………………10

3.3 Materials and Equipment Used…………………………………………………………………11

3.4 Gantt Chart………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12

3.5 Accomplishment Report……………………………………………………………………………………13

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

4.1 Bill of Materials………………………………………………………………………………………………14

4.2 Computations and Analysis of Data……………………………………………………15

4.3 Working Drawings…………………………………………………………………………………………………16

4.3.1 Perspective View………………………………………………………………………………17

4.3.2 Front View………………………………………………………………………………………………18

4.3.3 Right Side View…………………………………………………………………………………19

4.3.4 Back View…………………………………………………………………………………………………20

4.3.5 Top View……………………………………………………………………………………………………21

4.3.6 Exploded View………………………………………………………………………………………22

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………………………………23

5.2 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………………………………24

5.3 Appendices

5.3.1 References………………………………………………………………………………………………25

5.3.2 Documentations……………………………………………………………………………………26

5.3.3 Researchers’ Profile……………………………………………………………………27

CHAPTER I:

INTRODUCTION

AND

BACKGROUND

OF THE STUDY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
 1.2 Significance of the Study

This research might give the readers the knowledge

they want to acquire regarding wind and solar energy

harnessing to be able to use in running the home appliances

and other devices run by electricity.

The finding of this research may be beneficial to the

following:

Community- the people in the community may use the

output of this research as an alternative source of energy

to charge their gadgets.

Educators- they may utilize this study to motivate the

students to do research activities and explore their

surroundings to find other materials that can be used to

produce other valuable machineries.

Future researchers- they may utilize the results of

this study as their reference whenever they conduct a study

related to wind and solar energy.

 1.3 Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to analyze and measure the capacity of

the wind and solar powered charger on specific gadgets such

as Android cellphones, laptops, radio and etc.

Specifically, It sought to answer the following

problems:

1) To test the Wind and Solar charger if they can produce

enough power to charge the mentioned gadgets above;

2) To measure if how long will it charge the gadgets;

3) To compare and analyze the charging capacity of the wind

and solar powered charger to different gadgets.

 1.4 Scope and Delimitations

This research work is only focusing to the measurement

of efficiency of the Wind-Solar Powered Gadget Charger.

This suggestions and works have been settled and only

concerned in answering the 3 problems presented below:

1) To test the Wind and Solar charger if they can produce

enough power to charge the mentioned gadgets above;

2) To measure if how long will it charge the gadgets;

3) To compare and analyze the charging capacity of the wind

and solar powered charger to different gadgets.

CHAPTER II:

REVIEW OF

RELATED

LITERATURE

AND

STUDIES
 This chapter is the review on related literature

about solar and wind energy as main source of electricity

capable of charging common gadgets. At the outset of the

study, researchers engage in seeking newer information’s

and additional insights as related to this study.

Numerous sources of energy have been used as a

generating power for different tools that we are using for

the satisfactory of our living. However, some of these are

way too hard to process because of its poor availability

that makes it so costly.

Below data and related studies are all about solar and

wind as an alternative source of energy which is abundant

to our country; proven effective in different provinces and

satisfy the community.

2.1 Foreign Literatures and Studies

Solar Energy

Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted

into thermal or electrical energy.

Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable

energy source available, and the U.S. has some of the

richest solar resources in the world. Modern technology can

harness this energy for a variety of uses, including

generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable

interior environment, and heating water for domestic,

commercial, or industrial use.

The U.S. solar market faces both challenges and

opportunities; the industry is working to scale up the

production of solar technology, and drive down

manufacturing and installation costs.

There are several ways to harness solar

energy: photovoltaics (also called solar electric), solar

heating & cooling, concentrating solar power (typically

built at utility-scale), and passive solar.

The first three are active solar systems, which use

mechanical or electrical devices that convert the sun's

heat or light to another form of usable

energy. Passive solar buildings are designed and oriented

to collect, store, and distribute the heat energy from

sunlight to maintain the comfort of the occupants without

the use of moving parts or electronics.

 Solar energy is a flexible energy technology: solar

power plants can be built as distributed

generation (located at or near the point of use) or as

a central-station, utility-scale solar power plant (similar

to traditional power plants). Some utility-scale solar

plants can store the energy they produce for use after the

sun sets.

When countries around the world were developing into

industrialized and developed nations, renewable energy

resources were not developed on a large scale. Fossil

fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, were abundant

and cheap so the world’s wealthy nations grew fast. Today,

as the world watches developing nations turn into

industrial power-houses; many people are advising that

these newly developed nations start with renewable energy

resources in order to save money as well as prevent more

greenhouse gasses from entering our world’s atmosphere.

Therefore, a renewable source, such as wind, is becoming a

valuable resource around the world. Mongolia is just one

example of a country that is exploring wind-generated power

potential as a sustainable energy resource. In order to

generate the large-scale wind farms, a few groups have come

into the country to assess its potential as a wind-energy

source and a few projects have been started. Domestic,

foreign, and multi-international organizations have been

selected as case studies for this report. Three

organizations have provided funding and research for a more

sustainable Mongolia; the National Renewable Energy

Corporation of Mongolia, the National Renewable Energy

Laboratory from the United States Department of Energy, and

the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

According to the Global Wind Energy Council website,

wind power has grown steadily over the last decade, at an

average rate of 30% annually. Worldwide, the use of 5 wind

turbines on agricultural land, on tops of mountain ridges,

and in the oceans totals over 120 gigawatts (GW) of energy

generated. The largest in 2007 was the Enercon E126, which

held a capacity of 6 megawatts (MW). The largest wind farm

in the world is located in Texas and contains 420 turbines

and produces 735 MW of energy. Together, the Asian market

added nearly one third of the total new wind generators

installed worldwide in 2008. In total, €36.5 billion ($50

billion) was spent on turbine instillations worldwide that

year. Almost half a million people are employed in some way

by the wind energy industry and that number is growing

steadily. With the current use of wind energy, over 158

million tons of carbon dioxide are saved from entering the

atmosphere annually. Today, the United States leads with

the world in wind energy generation, producing over 25,000

MW (Zervos, 2010). Wind energy is now being produced world-

wide and developing nations have begun turning to wind

powered renewable energy.

Mongolia, sandwiched between Russia and China, has a

high potential for wind powered energy. As an emerging and

developing country with a large land size, Mongolia is an

excellent choice for renewable energy practices, according

to McElroy at al. (2009). Currently, coal is used as the

major source of energy in the area because it is abundant

and cheap. However, with the advancement of wind turbine

technology and its widespread use and production, wind

powered energy is becoming a cost effective way to harness

energy sustainably (McElroy et al., 2009). A sustainable

energy resource is one that can be used renewably over our

lifetimes and brings little to no impact on our world’s

ecosystems.

According to the Institute of Asian Research (2006),

Mongolia has vast natural resources, mainly coal, copper,

molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, and gold, and

therefore has the potential to develop into a strong

industrialized nation. The report stresses to the Mongolian

government that a sustainable and energy efficient future

is necessary to succeed. The report suggests that the

Mongolian government should require a certain amount of

renewable energies to be used for mining natural resources.

In 2001, the Mongolian Mineral Law was signed which

required mining companies to present an environmental

protection plan, “addressing air quality, water usage, and

development of sustainable energy sources” (Khushrushahi et

al., 2006).

Currently, according to Noushin Khushrushahi et at.

(2006), Mongolia receives the majority of energy from coal-

powered plants. Coal is a readily available fuel because

nearly half of Mongolia is a coal basin. This makes coal

very easy to obtain and very cheap for energy generation.

Because Mongolia uses so little energy (compared to

developed nations), most people see little sense in

changing to a more expensive and harder to install

renewable energy. Up to eighty percent of Mongolia’s energy

is from coal and the remaining comes mostly from

hydroelectric generators. To date, Mongolia uses just under

800 MW of energy but is steadily increasing their need for

energy. In theory, the cheapest and easiest way for

Mongolia to obtain more power would be to import their

energy from China (Khushrushahi et al., 2006).

Mongolia has a total area of 1,565,600 kilometers

(km)2 and includes six different ecosystems (Alpine, Taiga,

Forest-Steppe, Steppe, Desert-Steppe, and Desert). Mongolia

suffers from many environmental issues, as noted by the

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and the

Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific 7

(RRC.AP). Some of which include the “lack of a centralized

and accessible project/plan information system and early

identification of projects,” desertification,

deforestation, and “urban air pollution caused by . . .

large soft coal fired, thermal power plants, industry and

vehicles”. However, the report states that even though

renewable energy resources, such as geothermal and wind

generated energy, require large capital costs, they should

maintain long term cost savings and provide skills and jobs

for an ever-increasing industry (Khushrushahi et al.,

2006).

In a study funded by the Dutch Cooperation Fund for

Promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency and the

Asian Development Bank, findings show that Mongolia has a

great potential for renewable energy resources, especially

from solar and wind resources. In addition, the study found

that Mongolia uses inefficient technology and energy

sources, such as coal and natural gas. Because of this

study, the Mongolian government “plans to develop an

Integrated Resource Planning and Demand Management

framework that will facilitate reductions in energy

consumption” (Khushrushahi et al., 2006).

Assessment and Implementation from a Domestic Organization

According to the National Renewable Energy

Corporations (NREC) of Mongolia (2010), their missions

statement “is to ensure sustainable, smooth and balanced

economic and energy development through utilization of

ecologically clean renewable energy.” The NREC is part of

the Mongolian government and was started in 1987 to

implement renewable energy generation for people living far

from the centralized electricity grid. A Mongolian-English

joint factory was initiated to produce small 50-watt wind

turbines. In 8 additions, the NREC placed 4,000 portable

wind turbines in rural Mongolia in 1990 (“National”).

 According to a study funded by the National Renewable

Energy Corporation of Mongolia, under normal conditions,

the use of renewable energy results in economic

independence and raises living standards while reducing

environmental impacts. In the study, hybrid systems are

promoted. Hybrid energy systems combine wind, solar, and

diesel generators to create energy so that there is always

at least one source of power. However, the wind turbines in

Mongolia have been slowly produced and small in size.

Therefore, they remain at a high cost and are inefficient

due to their small size. The wind speeds in Mongolia are

varied and the wind turbines used for this study usually

had a lower efficiency during slow winds or broke down

during high impact winds. In this case, a hybrid system

would help to even out the energy resources (Nikolakaki).

In the past, small wind turbines have been

problematic. Recently, an international law was passed so

that the “design, installation, operation and maintenance

of [wind turbines] with a rotor area smaller than 40 m2”

become standard and safe. As a part of the study, five

weather stations were positioned around Mongolia. The

stations recorded anywhere from 4.0 meters per second (m/s)

to 5.6 m/s mean monthly wind speed. The National Renewable

Energy Corporation of Mongolia is in charge of collecting

the data and making measurements. Eventually hybrid energy

systems were put into place. The systems were used for

energy as lighting in hospitals and schools, refrigeration

and freezing in hospitals, and other regular household

needs.

In a joint study with the Asian Development Bank and

the National Renewable Energy Corporation of Mongolia, a

report titled “Promotion of renewable energy, energy 9

efficiency, and greenhouse gas abatement” (PREGA), promoted

the use of renewable energy. The study found that the Gobi

desert and Plains regions of Mongolia abound in wind.

Mongolia, as a whole, produced 836.8 billion kilowatt hours

(kWh) of wind, which is usable 3.5 - 4.6 thousand hours per

year. A Wind Energy Atlas was produced for Mongolia and

over 160,000 km2 of land was found “to have good-to-

excellent wind potential for utility-scale applications.”

This land amounts to about 10 percent of the total land in

Mongolia that can theoretically produce up to 1,100,000 MW

of energy from large-scale wind farms alone. In addition,

rural, small-scale productions of wind turbines can be used

in 50 percent of Mongolian land and support 4,300,000 MW of

energy. At the time being, wind generators are used in

Mongolia in remote rural areas to generate low amounts of

energy because they cost less than using diesel generators

(“Promotion”, 2004).

The World Bank, which provides financial and

technical assistance to developing countries around the

world, began working with the NREC to improve lives of

nomads in Mongolia in the year 2006. Nearly 1.1 million

people live in rural Mongolia where less than one quarter

of those people accesses to electricity have. To contrast,

nearly 90 percent of Mongolians living in urban areas

(around 1.5 million people) have a much more reliable

access to electricity (Rivera, 2006).

Because the terrain in the northern and most of

western Mongolia is varied between mountains, valleys, and

plains, the potential for wind energy is harder to

determine. Since 1989, there have been six major projects

to produce wind power, governed by the National Renewable

Energy Corporation of Mongolia and the Mongolian Ministry

of Fuel and Energy (MMFE) (“Promotion”, 2004). The NREC is

10 clearly determined to have wind energy succeed in

Mongolia and is open to working with other organizations to

achieve their goals.

 Assessment and Implementation from a Foreign

Organization

In 1977, The United States Department of Energy

initiated the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),

whose goals was to research and develop renewable energy

for the U.S. In addition to implementing renewable energy

practices in the United States, the NREL also works around

the world, educating other countries, conducting research,

and installing renewable energy implementations (“NREL”,

2010).

In order to help Mongolia succeed in renewable energy

production, the US Department of Energy’s National

Renewable Energy Laboratory, in conjunction with USAID and

the National Renewable Energy Corporation of Mongolia

created a detailed computerized wind map for Mongolia using

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Elliott et al.,

2001). Elliott was also an author of the “Mongolian Wind

Resource Assessment Project” so a lot of information

overlaps between the two articles. The project started in

October of 1997 and is still ongoing (Chadraa, Elliott, and

Natsagdorj, 1998). The information was based on wind power

density at 30-meter height because it is a better indicator

for wind turbine placement than simply wind speed (Elliott

et al., 2001). Over 200 weather stations were used

throughout Mongolia and weather balloons were also employed

to gather data (Chadraa, Elliott, and Natsagdorj, 1998).

However, some limitations in data occurred. The results

from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) varied due to

elevation calculation errors. The wind flow also creates a

problem because it can be unsteady at times. Flows, “such

as land-sea breezes, mountain-valley flows, and 11

channeling effects in areas of steeply sloping terrain” may

cause inaccurate readings at times (Elliott et al., 2001).

According to the Wind Energy Resource Atlas of

Mongolia, Mongolia’s wind resource map varies considerably.

There are several reasons for this: the mid-latitude

westerly jet stream, various wind storms that often reoccur

in the same places, and the manipulation of wind due to

Mongolia’s topography. Most of Mongolia is suitable for

wind power generation. The study classifies each of the 21

aimags and details their wind energy generating capacity

(Elliott et al., 2001).

Assessment and Implementation from a Multi-

International Organization.
 At the Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro in 1992, the

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC) began. The UNFCCC is a treaty, currently signed by

154 countries, that mandates certain protocols in order to

limit greenhouse gases. The most famous protocol mandated

by the UNFCCC was the Kyoto Protocol in 2005. Every year,

the UNFCCC meets to discuss new protocols. The latest

conference was in 2009 located in Copenhagen, Denmark where

the Copenhagen Accord was put into place (“United”).

On June 12, 1992, the Mongolian Government signed the

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and

greenhouse gas emission mitigation was determined. Because

of private out-of-country companies working in Mongolia,

pollution and consumption of natural resources has

intensified over the last twenty years. The need for more

advanced technology in Mongolia, therefore, would be

beneficial for the development and preservation of the

country. Mongolia has little experience in 12 renewable

energy technologies because the use of coal is so

prominent. In addition, stakeholders working in Mongolia

are not very knowledgeable about the environmental problems

that are occurring in Mongolia. Of course, money and skills

for implementing and maintaining the technologies are also

limited (Dagvadorj, 2003).

Through the Copenhagen Accord, the UNFCCC suggests

that the use of small, portable wind generators could be

used for nomadic herders in Mongolia. In the southern part

of Mongolia, wind generators (100-150 kw) could be used to

create energy for towns. The sites with the most wind

should be developed first. In addition, large-scale wind

farms could be placed around Mongolia and up to 50 MW of

energy could be generated (Boer, 2009).

Finally, in 2009, the European Bank for

Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) announced that they

would work with the UNFCCC on a project to bring wind

energy turbines to Mongolia. The EBRD committed $700,000 to

build a sixty-turbine wind farm in Salkhit Mountains, not

far from Ulaanbaatar. Japan and Luxemburg have also

committed €366,000 ($500,000) for the project. The wind

farm is projected to produce 50 MW of energy. This is the

first project of this size and the first to be privately

funded and operated. Other wind turbines in the country are

owned and operated by the Mongolian government. The

Mongolian government recently endorsed a renewable energy

program, which will increase its current renewable energy

supply from less than one percent to 25 percent by the year

2020. The program is intended to increase renewable energy,

improve economic effectiveness and reduce poverty, as well

as provide sustainable growth (“EBRD”, 2009).

Case Studies

National Renewable Energy Corporation

In 2004, a joint study between the Asian Development

Bank and the NREC found that the Gobi desert offered the

most amount of wind power in Mongolia. Even so, Mongolia as

a whole produces a great deal of wind. Up to 28 percent of

Mongolia generates wind above 4m/s. 32.3 percent of

Mongolia creates between 2-4m/s and only 10.5% generates

wind below 2m/s. In total, there is over 836.8 billion

kilowatt hours (kWh) of wind produced in Mongolia

(“Promotion”, 2004).

Since 1987, the National Renewable Energy Corporation

of Mongolia has been working hard to ensure a sustainable

country. The main goal for the NREC is to offer a clean

alternative energy for Mongolians living in rural areas of

the country. The work has been slow but progress has been
made. A factory was located in Mongolia to produce 50-watt

wind turbines and in 1990 over 4,000 turbines were placed

in rural areas (“National”, 2010). These wind turbines are

small scale so at this point that it is fairly infeasible

for the entire country to rely on wind-powered energy.

However, if larger scale turbines were introduced with the

help of the NREC, Mongolia may be able to get a greater

amount of clean energy.

In addition, the NREC funded a study that determined

an increase of living standards and overall economic

independence of those in rural areas after receiving wind

turbines or other renewable energy sources (Nikolakaki,

2010). In some areas where an energy source other than fire

or kerosene lamps was unheard of, this abundance of clean

energy is life changing. Now, rural residents can work or

study at night, travel safely, 14 and may have access to

media sources such as the Internet, television, and phones.

This connects them to the rest of the world and often helps

in finding various jobs.

The World Bank project planned to use $11.6 million

to donate 50,000 solar and small-scale wind turbine systems

for nomadic herders in Mongolia over five years. Although a

plan to start a rural electrification project by the World

Bank was made in 2006, there is no evidence that anything

has been accomplished. However, the World Bank did supply

technical support to the NREC to begin their own renewable

energy projects. This is how the NREC learned to install

and manufacture the hybrid systems many Mongolians use

today.

Currently, the NREC is installing hybrids systems,

incorporating wind, solar, and diesel generators. These

systems offer a range of resources to generate power,

making sure that there is always some energy available.

However, these systems are small and still produced slowly

so that prices continue to be high. The same study

concluded, that the FORTIS 4 kW wind turbines (Fig. 1) used

in the hybrid system were insufficient for supplemental

energy. The rotor blade, tail, and brake sometimes caused a

short circuit or self-destruction of the generator. At

times, the generator over-heated at high wind speeds and

the magnets became disassembled and the turbines therefore

shook violently (Nikolakaki).

FORTIS eventually redesigned the generators but some

problems still occurred and PROVEN 2.5 kW wind turbines

were used to replace the FORTIS ones. However, PROVEN had a

lower energy output and a higher capital cost but after a

year of Fig. 1 FORTIS Wind Turbines (4kw) (Nikolakaki) 15

operation, the wind turbines seemed stable. The NREC placed

five weather stations around Mongolia in Guchin Us-

Uvurkhangai, Bayanling-Bayankhongor, BayanUndur, and two in

Bogd. The weather stations included an anemometer and wind

vane to measure wind, a pyranometer to measure solar

radiation, and a thermometer (Nikolakaki).

After the study concluded that wind conditions were

prime and the safety standards of the wind turbines were

improved, more hybrid systems were placed throughout

Mongolia for governmental and residential needs

(Nikolakaki). If the systems can be provided for free or at

a discount, they are great for Mongolians to start with.

The amount of energy that the hybrid systems provide is

limited but may be all that is necessary for rural dwellers

until they are able to raise their standard of living and

would therefore require more energy.

According to a Wind Energy Atlas produced by the

NREC, it is sometimes difficult to determine the amount of

wind available in Mongolia because the country has

mountains, plains, and valleys. In lower elevations, April

and May bring the most wind while the eastern ridges also

see a surplus in April and May but the western ridges have

high amounts of winds from October through December.

(“Promotion”, 2004).

The map shows that 10 percent of Mongolia, which

amounts to 160,000 kilometers squared, can produce over 1

billion MW hours of energy if large-scale wind turbines are

used. Moreover, 50 percent of Mongolia can be used for

small-scale rural turbines, capable of producing over 4

billion MW hours of energy. Mongolia is capable of

producing 3.5 to 4.6 thousand hours or wind energy a year

(“Promotion”, 2004). These numbers are astonishing because,

to date, Mongolia only uses 800 MW hours of 16 energy a

year (Khushrushahi et al., 2006). Naturally, this number is

increasing as the country become more developed and

populated. However, between large-scale and small-scale

wind energy operation, Mongolia can produce nearly four

times the amount of energy it requires from clean wind

energy alone. In reality, wind generated energy in Mongolia

can save 13,000 tons of CO2 emissions compared to coal and

diesel (“Promotion”, 2004).

 National Renewable Energy Laboratory

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory worked with

the NREC and USAID to produce a detailed wind map of

Mongolia. The project is called the “Mongolian Wind

Resource Assessment Project” and has been in place for

thirteen years. According to the NREL website: The focus

[of the wind map] is to provide the wind industry, policy

makers, and other stakeholders with applied wind resource

data, information products (e.g., maps), and technical

assistance with increasing emphasis on increased heights to

effectively evaluate and develop wind potential. Over 200

weather stations were placed around Mongolia in order to

obtain data about wind speeds and locations (Chadraa,

Elliott, and Natsagdorj, 1998). Although some data was

flawed due to calculation errors and unsteady wind

patterns, the data was used to create the wind map (Fig.

2). Mongolia’s twenty – one aimags (Fig. 3) were detailed

in the map and Umnugovi, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, and

Sukhbaatar were considered be the best regions for wind

power potential (Elliott et al., 2001).

2.2 Local Literatures and Studies

Solar energy is a flexible energy technology: solar

power plants can be built as distributed

generation (located at or near the point of use) or as

a central-station, utility-scale solar power plant (similar

to traditional power plants). Some utility-scale solar

plants can store the energy they produce for use after the

sun sets.

A sea of metalloid panels as far as the eye can see

gleams in the sun in a 160-hectare farm traversing a

rolling terrain near the foot of Mount San Piro in Batangas

province.

Instead of growing crops like rice or corn, this vast

farm harvests heat from the sun and generates enough energy

to power the whole of western Batangas.

This is the 63.3-megawatt Calatagan Solar Farm at the

convergence of Calatagan, Lian and Balayan towns, the

largest solar facility completed in the Philippines to

date.
 Solar Philippines—a renewable energy firm led by 22-

year-old entrepreneur Leandro Leviste—developed, financed

and constructed this solar farm at a cost of $120 million

(P5.7 billion).

Comprising more than 200,000 panels built by 2,500

people, this solar farm was completed ahead of other

projects backed by conglomerates and foreign investors

racing to secure feed-in-tariff allowance.

The farm started generating power weeks before the

March 15 government deadline to build capacity to obtain

fiscal incentives under the country’s feed-in-tariff

regime.

With over three decades of operation, Calatagan Solar

Farm is expected to offset over 1 million tons of carbon

dioxide, equivalent to planting over 5 million trees. Now

that this farm has been switched on, it is expected to

continue to employ at least 100 people and boost the

economy of Batangas.
 Built on previously unproductive land in Barangay

Paraiso, Leviste said this farm was now generating

unprecedented livelihood for three towns.

“Being on a peninsula (Calatagan), facing the South

China Sea, the solar farm enjoys a steady breeze, the

highest levels of sunlight in Southern Tagalog and is

seldom hit by typhoons,” Leviste said.

Solar Philippines said this latest project was just

the beginning of its plan to transform the power industry.

“Whereas others see solar as just a part of their

portfolio, we believe it will one day supply the largest

share of the energy mix,” Leviste said.

“Costs continue to improve, and solar will soon become

cheaper than coal. As the only local company organized to

develop and build solar farms from end-to-end, we are in a

unique position to realize that potential.”

While there are other solar power projects in the pipeline,

the Calatagan project—apart from being the biggest

completed so far—marks the first time a local company has

developed, financed and constructed this type of renewable

energy facility.
The majority of the cost was funded by Philippine Business

Bank (PBB), the banking arm of the Zest-O group led by

business magnate Alfredo Yao, Leviste said. Other banks

that supported the project were Banco de Oro, China Bank

and Bank of Commerce.

“We owe this success to banks like PBB, who support SMEs

(small and medium enterprises) in emerging industries as

partners more than just as financial institutions,” Leviste

said. “We look forward to extend these partnerships into

future projects.”

When Solar Philippines began building solar power

plants, it first built solar panels on top of shopping

malls such as Central Mall Biñan, SM North Edsa and

Robinsons Palawan. It still dreams of turning every vast

rooftop in this country into a power plant.

However, building solar farms on idle tracts of land

is now seen as a way to scale up operations and generate

power at a lower cost.

“Whether the panels are installed on land or on a

rooftop, the business model remains the same, except the

terms of the off-take agreements can differ. In either

case, we enter into a power supply agreement with a buyer

(such as the building-owner), or sell power to the grid’s

Wholesale Electricity Spot Market,” Leviste explained.

“The real difference is scale and with that comes

lower costs. We plan to focus on solar farms as the best

way to accelerate the deployment of solar in the

Philippines, but we’ll also continue to develop rooftops,

not least to spread awareness that the time for solar has

arrived,” he said.

Solar Philippines will soon begin construction on its

next projects in Mindanao and Luzon. It aims to complete

500 MW of capacity by 2017.

Including the Calatagan project, Solar Philippines has a

total solar power capacity of 80 MW at present. Other

projects in Mindanao (20 MW) and Luzon (50 MW) are seen to

boost its capacity to 150 MW by midyear.

Leviste is confident his company could build more

projects outside of the next round of solar feed-in-tariff,

the allowance the government gives—and consumers pay for—as

an incentive to renewable energy producers.

 With solar energy, the Department of Energy has set a

new solar feed-in-tariff rate of P8.69 per kilowatt

effective until March 16—applicable to the next 71 MW to

500 MW of capacity built. The installation target for solar

energy under this feed-in-tariff regime was capped at 500

MW until March 15.

“We’re charging ahead at full speed on our next batch

of projects, even without a next round of feed-in-tariff,

because by making solar cost competitive, we can grow the

market beyond subsidies and supply the entire demand of the

Philippines,” Leviste said.

“The exciting thing is that the Philippines will be

among the first places where solar will overtake fossil

fuel, because existing rates are so uncompetitively high,

allowing the Philippines to become a global leader in solar

power and positioning it for when the numbers start to make

sense in the rest of the world. That can only happen if

companies like us are focused on making solar cost

competitive for the long term, instead of just maximizing

profits from subsidies in the short term,” he said.

 For solar farms built on land, Solar Philippines’

strategy is to buy all the land occupied by its projects.

This is because few landowners are willing to tie down

their property for over 25 years, Leviste said.

“Land acquisition is one of the greatest challenges

for solar projects in an archipelago where arable land is

highly valued, and most other solar developers are

unwilling to risk buying lands outright,” he explained.

“We consider our patience and willingness to make an

up-front investment for land to be one of our competitive

advantages, demonstrating our long-term commitment to bring

solar to every province of the Philippines,” he added.

A son of environmental advocate Sen. Loren Legarda,

Leviste shares the vision of SolarCity and Tesla Motors

founder Elon Musk, who believes in a future where solar

energy will replace the electricity grid we know today.

Leviste was about to finish his senior year at Yale

University, where he was majoring in political science,

when he heeded the call of entrepreneurship. He founded

Solar Philippines in 2013, initially running the new

enterprise from his bedroom. He has since assembled a 200-

man team.

A power plant on every roof

He was among the Filipinos who landed in Forbes Asia

Magazine’s “30 Under 30” list of “inspiring young leaders

in various fields covering consumer technology, enterprise

technology, the arts, healthcare and science, media, social

entrepreneurship, finance, industry and retail.” TVJ

Wind Energy

The Philippines has overtaken all other members of the

Association of Southeast Asian Nations in terms of

installed wind energy capacity.

Philippines now has an operational wind energy

capacity of 400 MW, more than anything other country in

the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region,

according to media reports quoting former Senator Juan

Miguel Zubiri, who played an important role in the passage

of Renewable Energy Law of 2008.

The Philippines is planning to increase the installed

wind energy capacity to 1,600 MW over the next 2-3 years.

Zubiri stated that the Philippines has significant wind

energy resources spread across various islands of the

country. The Renewable Energy Management Bureau has

identified at least 44 potential sites for setting up wind

turbines, which together can support 1,168 MW of wind

energy capacity.

The Renewable Energy Law of 2008, which also led to

the launch of feed-in tariff scheme, attracted investment

from several domestic and international project developers.

One of the most famous example of the benefits of the Law

is the Philippines’ largest wind energy project, with an

installed capacity of 150 MW, and owned by Energy

Development Corporation. The project will includes 50 units

of the Vestas V90-3 MW turbine. The project is expected to

generate 370 GWh of electricity every year and offset about

200,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions.

Wind power in the Philippines makes up a small

percentage of the total energy output of the Philippines.

The country wind energy sector has significant potential

and could provide up to 76GW of power. Two of the largest

developments are the Bangui Wind Farm, Burgos Wind Farm,

and Caparispisan Wind Farm in Ilocos Norte., and the Wind

Energy Power System (WEPS) in Puerto Galera, Mindoro

Oriental. And one also in Pililla,Rizal.

Bangui Wind Farm

Bangui Wind Farm is a wind farm in Bangui, Ilocos

Norte, Philippines. The wind farm uses 20 units of 70-metre

(230 ft) high VestasV82 1.65 MW wind turbines, arranged on

a single row stretching along a nine-kilometer shoreline

off Bangui Bay, facing the West Philippine Sea.

Phase I of the NorthWind power project in Bangui Bay

consists of 15 wind turbines, each capable of producing

electricity up to a maximum capacity of 1.65 MW, for a

total of 24.75 MW. The 15 on-shore turbines are spaced 326

metres (1,070 ft) apart, each 70 metres (230 ft) high, with

41 metres (135 ft) long blades, with a rotor diameter of 82

metres (269 ft) and a wind swept area of 5,281 square

metres (56,840 sq ft).

Phase II, was completed on August 2008, and added 5

more wind turbines with the same capacity, and brought the

total capacity to 33 MW. All 20 turbines describes a

graceful arc reflecting the shoreline of Bangui Bay, facing

the West Philippine Sea.

 The Northwind Bangui Bay Project is located at the

municipality of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Located

at the north-west tip of Luzon island, the windmills face

the sea from where the wind blows towards the land. Its

location along the shore is optimal in removing windbreaks

and has a terrain roughness of 0. The site is free of any

trees and vegetation, and stretches approximately 9

kilometres (5.6 mi) long and 100 metres (330 ft) wide. The

area is undeveloped and uninhabited making it ideal as a

site and poses no threat to the environment.

The location of the Philippines being near the Asia-

Pacific monsoon belt is ideal for installing wind turbines.

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical

Services Administration attests that the Philippines has a

mean average of about 31 watts per square meter (W/m2) of

wind power density.

In 1996, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

(NREL) conducted a wind resource analysis and mapping

study. It concluded that various areas in the Philippines

are ideal for wind power installation. These areas include

Bangui and Burgos towns in Ilocos Norte, Batanes and

Babuyan Islands, which are north of Luzon and the higher

interior terrain of Mindoro, Samar, Leyte, Panay, Negros,

Cebu, Palawan and Eastern Mindanao. The study led to the

inception of the wind farm project. NorthWind Power

Development Corp. developed (and maintains and operates)

the project, while Vestas Wind Systems, a Danish firm,

supplied the wind turbine-generator units (WTGs) for the

site, similar to those already found in Denmark. The

project was to have been developed in three phases.

Phase I of the project erected 15 wind turbines spaced

236 meters apart on-shore. This was inaugurated on June 18,

2005 and attended by Former First Lady Imelda Marcos, then

Governor Bongbong Marcos, Former DOE Secretary Vincent

Perez, Undersecretary Peter Abaya and Dr. Robert Yap,

Jesuit priest and Project Director of CD4CDM project of

klima, who also conducted the invocation and blessing of

the wind turbines.

Ratified by the NorthWind Power Development Corp and

the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

through the World Bank Prototype Carbon Fund, the Northwind

Bangui Bay Project was the first project in the Philippines

to have the Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA)

under the Clean Development Mechanism. The Bangui Bay

Project is also the first Philippine recipient of the

Carbon Emission Reduction Certificates (CER’s) from the

Executive Board of the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change.

In 2006, the project produced a 5% discount of the

weighted average price in the wholesale electricity spot

market (WESM) or a generated savings of approximately

USD1.4 million (PhP 70 million) for the INEC electricity

consumers. The project cost for Phase I amounted to USD$23

million.

Phase II was completed in June 2008 adding 5 more wind

turbines carrying the same capacity as those in Phase I and

raising the total capacity to 33MW. All of these formed the

arc of Bangui Bay, a fusion of technological and natural

elegance. Phase II raises the project’s power contribution

to Ilocos Norte from 40% to 50%. Phase III is expected to

raise the total expenditure for the whole project to USD$54

million.
 NorthWind Power Devt. Corp. has started the

construction of Phase III of the project where 6 new wind

turbines will be erected with a total of 18 MW installed

capacity. Siemens' SWT 108 3.0 MW will be installed in

phase 3, where each wind turbines have an installed

capacity of 3 MW and a rotor diameter of 108 meters. The

project is targeted to be completed in the middle of 2014.

Related Studies

"Energy derived ultimately from the sun. It can be

divided into direct and indirect categories. Most energy

sources on Earth are forms of indirect solar energy,

although we usually don't think of them in that way. Coal,

oil and natural gas derive from ancient biological material

which took its energy from the sun (via plant

photosynthesis) millions of years ago. All the energy in

wood and foodstuffs also comes from the sun. Movement of

the wind (which causes waves at sea), and the evaporation

of water to form rainfall which accumulates in rivers and

lakes, are also powered by the sun. Therefore,

hydroelectric power and wind and wave power are forms of

indirect solar energy. Direct solar energy is what we

usually mean when we speak of solar power - it is the use

of sunlight for heating or generating electricity." [Quoted

from: www.science.org.au/nova/005/005glo.htm].

Power to the Philippines - A life cycle assessment

study comparing renewable and non-renewable off-grid energy

supply systems. (Simon Berglund & Sebastian Engström)

“The Philippines is an island nation in South East

Asia consisting of more than 7 000 separate islands. The

Philippines is the country in the world that is most often

struck by tropical storm; every year between 6 and 9

typhoons hit land in the Philippines. In November 2013 the

super typhoon Haiyan hit the nation, killing 10 000 people

and causing massive destruction to parts of the

infrastructure (including the national electric grid).

Especially in the first months following a disaster of this

magnitude it is crucial for a successful disaster recovery

to give the people access to electricity to enable

refrigeration, clean water generation, telecommunication

and lighting. Large portions of the Philippine people

living in rural areas are left without access to the

national grid, and are mostly relying on diesel generators

for power generation. The Swedish company InnoVentum has

started a project called “Power to the Philippines” which

intends to provide humanitarian aid villages run by the

Children’s mission that are active in the area with

renewable energy using their power generation solution, the

“Dali Powertower”. The Dali Powertower is a renewable

hybrid power generation system combining wind and solar

power. This study investigates InnoVentums project “Power

to the Philippines” if realized in its full-scale form -

being able to completely power a humanitarian aid village

with renewable energy to meet its basic needs - and

compares it to a diesel generator system (as is commonly

used today). A combination of the two systems (a

renewable/diesel hybrid system) is also studied. These

three energy supply systems are studied and compared from

an environmental and economic perspective to see what

advantages, or disadvantages, there might be to the “Power

to the Philippines”-project. The environmental impact of

these three systems will be compared by conducting a life

cycle assessment (LCA) study, which takes into account all

aspects of the life cycles of the energy supply systems,

usually ranging from raw-material acquisition to the endof-

life treatment. The LCA study is mainly focusing on the

environmental impact categories global warming potential

(GWP) and primary energy demand. The economic performance

of the different systems is assessed by using the

equivalent annual cost method, which results in a price per

kWh of produced energy. This analysis is done for three

different discount rates (3, 8 and 13 %) with the aim of

simulating how different investors required rates of return

affect the result of the economic analysis. The results of

the LCA study showed that the Powertower system has the

least amount of environmental impact per kWh of used energy

out of the studied systems, both regarding GWP (89

gCO2/kWh) and primary energy demand (0.33 kWh/kWh). The

diesel generator is the system with the highest amount of

environmental impact, having about 21 times higher

environmental impact (both regarding global warming

potential and primary energy demand) than the Powertower

system. The renewable/diesel hybrid system had the second

lowest environmental impact, with about 6 times higher

environmental impact (both regarding global warming

potential and primary energy demand) than the Powertower

system. The results from the economic analysis show that

when the all the electricity is utilized, the Powertower

system produces the cheapest electricity at a low and

medium discount-rate (0.31 and 0.44 $/kWh respectively)

while the diesel generator system (flat-rate diesel price)

produces the cheapest electricity at a high discount-rate

(0.57 $/kWh). However, if only the electricity used by the

humanitarian aid village is considered, the hybrid system

becomes the cheapest alternative, costing 0.56 $/kWh

compared to the 0.75 $/kWh of the Powertower system. At the

medium discount-rate the diesel generator system produces

the cheapest energy (0.53 $/kWh), closely followed by the

Powertower and hybrid system costing about 10 cents more

per kWh. At the high discount-rate the diesel generator

system becomes even cheaper (0.57 $/kWh) compared to its

competitors while the leap to the competitors

simultaneously becomes larger. The conclusion is made that

the hybrid system is the best alternative for the

humanitarian aid village, as it can provide cheap energy

with high energy security at a relatively low environmental

impact. Therefore, the “Power to the Philippines” project

can be deemed to be of interest to the humanitarian aid

villages, as long as the energy load of the humanitarian

aid village is not solely provided by Powertowers. A

hybridization of Powertowers with the existing diesel

generators can help lower the environmental impact of the

existing energy system, while simultaneously lowering the

cost of electricity.”
 In a recent study made by Christian Peter C. Antonio

and Jian B. Madrona; Bachelor of Science in Computer

Engineering; Mapua Institute of Technology September 2008;

they have finalize that solar energy is possible as a

source of power for such gadgets.

“A device that could charge AA battery and other

devices such as cell phone and MP3 player were created. The

USB port adaptor was included to provide port to other

devices such as MP4, PDAs and other more devices utilizing

the same voltage range. The solar battery charger was able

to charge the internal battery that served as alternative

source especially at times that there was no available

solar energy. It was learned that the designed device could

provide up to 25.5 V if charged directly from the solar

panel and 13.5 V if charged directly from the internal

battery. Through testing, it was noted that the voltage

value being displayed by the built-in voltmeter was higher

than the actual voltage that was supplied to the device

being charged. Specifically, there was atmost 9V difference

between the actual voltage being supplied and the value

being displayed by the built-in voltmeter. This 9V was the

result of 5V being used by the microcontroller and 4V being

used by 2 LEDs.”
CHAPTER III:

METHODOLOGY

OF

THE STUDY
3.1 Researchers’ Flow Chart

Researcher’s Flow Chart

Conceptualizing the Design,

Brainstorming, Canvassing,
Researching, Consultation

Introduction, Discussing the

purpose of the study

Finalizing the detailed design of

the Charger

Following the methodology of

Construction

Testing the Charger

Modifications, Results and

Discussions

Conclusion,Presentation

Figure 1: Flow Chart of Activities

 Firstly, the researchers started the project by

conceptualizing the structure suited for the machine and

applying the appropriate knowledge in engineering. The

researchers browsed in the internet to gather information

and learn about the specifications of wind Generators and

Solar Panels. The researchers also took time in

brainstorming to come-up with better design of the machine.

Then, they designed the model that has been developed using

AutoCAD. After they agreed upon the design of the machine,

they started creating the list of materials to be used in

constructing it. They went to different stores to canvass

for the prices of materials needed.

Secondly, the researchers did the introduction by

discussing the Wind and Solar Energy Charger to be created,

the purpose of conducting the project study and the people

that may benefit upon the accomplishment of this research.

Thirdly, the researchers arrived in the actual

detailed design of the machine based on what they have

researched and in what they have discussed as they did

their brainstorming.
 Fourthly, the researchers, after finalizing the

detailed design and gathering the materials needed, they

did follow carefully the methodology of constructing the

Wind-Solar Powered Gadget Charger.

Fifthly, the researchers assured that the machine was

fully finished so they tested it, located at Zaragoza,

Nueva Ecija. Here, they evaluated the performance of the

machine and jotted down all the data needed for the

computation of the machine’s efficiency.

Then, in the modification process along with the

results and discussion, the researchers adjusted some parts

of the machine where they had noticed some issues and

defects as they did the testing process. The results were

from the evaluation taken as the performance of the

prototype was being tested in the site. The results were

listed in the form of tables.

Finally, after the researchers followed carefully the

methodology of construction, they arrived in their

conclusion. The researchers then prepared themselves and

their machine for the presentation.

3.2 Research Locale

The planning and sketching were done during the

researchers’ free time at the Mechanical Engineering

Laboratory and sometimes at LB 117. They initiated their

project at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory where they

had found some of their materials. The welding, cutting,

folding, turning and grinding were done in the said area.

They also worked at YMCA in Macapagal’s Residence for other

activities to complete the project.

3.3 Materials and Equipment Used

The equipment used were as follows:

Welding machine; Hand grinder, Drilling machine/ Hand

drill; Metal sheet cutter; Speed cutter; Hammer; Pliers;

Clamp; Riveter; and, Bender machine.

The following are the functions of the said Materials

and Equipment:

Welding Machine- used to join the metals to strengthen the

base and supports of the prototype.

Hand Grinder- used to smoothen the welded parts that are

rough.
Drilling Machine/Hand Drill – used to punch a hole in the

angle bars to be able to put the casing of the base by the

use of rivets.

Metal Sheet Cutter- used to cut the metals and angle bars

into the desired sizes.

Hammer- used to straighten the metals and flat them.

Pliers and clamp- used to firmly hold the metals being

welded.

Riveter- used to attach the casing of the base in the angle

bars.

Bender Machine- used to bend the casing of the base of the

prototype into the desired shape.

3.4 Gantt Chart

Table 1.1
Work Program of Wind-Solar Powered Gadget Charger

Activities

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 w8
1) Searching/Browsing
in the internet and
Gathering of Data
2) Brainstorming

3) Illustrating and
Sketching the Plan
4) Canvassing the
Materials
5) Budgeting for the
Materials
6) Purchasing of
Materials
7) Assembling Process

8) Initial Testing

9) Failure Analysis

10) Modification
11) Final Testing

12) Finalizing the

paper works
13) Presentation and
Demonstration for
polishing
14) Submission
3.5 Accomplishment Report

Table 1.2

Accomplishment Report

Wind-Solar Powered Gadget Charger

Activities Target Date Remarks

1. Researching/ December 15-17 Accomplished

Browsing for
references and
Consulting to experts
2. Brainstorming December 18-19 Accomplished

3. Illustrating and December 20-21 Accomplished

Sketching the plan of
the machine
4. Canvassing the January 3-4 Accomplished
Materials
5. Budgeting for the January 5-6 Accomplished
Materials
6. Purchasing of January 7-11 Accomplished
Materials
7. Assembling Process January 12-February 3 Accomplished

8. Initial Testing February 4 Accomplished

9. Failure Analysis February 4 Accomplished

10. Modification February 4 Accomplished

11. Final Testing February 5 Accomplished

12. Finalizing the February 5 Accomplished

Paper works
13.Presentation to February 6 Accomplished
adviser
14.Submission of
research work
 Based on the table shown above by the Gantt chart and

the accomplishment report, we can infer that assembling

process of the prototype consumes most of the allotted time

in making the research.

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