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Although pipes and tubes may look similar, they are in fact quite different in nomenclature
and sizing. Remember that pipes and tubes are rarely interchangeable.
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Tubing is more used in structures so the od is the important number. The strength of a
steel tube depends on the wall thickness. So tubing is specified by the outside diameter
and the wall thickness. Steel tubes are also not only supplied in round sections but can be
formed into square and rectangular tubes. Each square or rectangular steel tube has a
different mother tube, meaning that they are formed from the original round tube. The
round tube will pass through a forming and a sizing section on the tube mill. During the
same process it will continue through a couple of sets of turks which will form the round
tube to a square or a rectangular steel section.
Pipes are normally used to transport gases or fluids so it is important to know the capacity
of the pipe. Here the internal cross-sectional area (defined by the id) is important. It’s
therefore not surprising that pipes are specified by the inside diameter (id). It is common to
identify pipes in inches by using NPS or ―Nominal Pipe Size‖. The metric equivalent is
called DN or ―diameter nominal‖. The metric designations conform to International
Standards Organization (ISO) usage and apply to all plumbing, natural gas, heating oil,
and miscellaneous piping used in buildings. A plumber always knows that the id on the
pipe label is only a *nominal* id. As an example, a (nominal) 1/8 wrought steel pipe will
typically have a *measured* id of 0.269 (schedule 40) or 0.215 (schedule 80). (More
below about those schedule numbers.)
The key in the difference is the application where both tube and pipe are used for. For
instance, a (nominal) 1/8 schedule 40 pipe will have a wall thickness of 0.068 (id=0.269)
while a 1/8 schedule 80 pipe will have a wall thickness of 0.095 (id=0.215).
And these schedule numbers do not reflect a constant wall thickness. For instance, a
(nominal) 1/4 schedule 40 pipe has a wt = 0.088 while the same pipe in schedule 80 has
wt = 0.119 Generally speaking, a tube will have a consistent OD and its ID will change.
Steel tubes used in structural applications would most likely be seam welded while pipes
are normally a seamless steel product. Some steel tubes are also used in the transport of
fluids, even though they are seam welded. These include steel tubes for water pipes and
welded tubes are commonly used in the agricultural industry for manufacturing pivots.
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Such tubes will undergo a process called pressure testing were the tube is sealed at both
ends and water is pumped through the tube up to a certain level of pressure. This will
quickly indicate if there is a leak or a bad spot in the weld of the circular hollow section
tested.
The wall thickness of pipes and tubes is an important factor to tell difference. The
thickness of tubing is often specified by a gauge for thinner thicknesses and for thicker
tubing it is indicated by fractions of an inch or millimeters. The normal range for tubing is
20 gauge, which measures .035 inch, up to a thickness of 2 inches. The wall thickness of
a pipe is referred to as a pipe schedule, which you can find the relevant between pipe
schedule and thickness in millimeter or inch in specification ASME B36.10. The most
common schedules are SCH 20,SCH 40 and SCH 80. Schedule 40 is the most common
and 80 is extra heavy. Which is needed to be noted, the pipe schedule is not set for all
diameters; it varies.
For example:
There is no formula between the pipe schedule and wall thickness, the only is to refer to
the ASME B36.10 or relevant standards.
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Pipes are usually used for transporting or distributing, then the properties of pressure or
straightness, roundness are strictly specified, the tolerance for pipes is more loose than
tubes comparatively. Here the tolerance refers to diameter tolerance, wall thickness
tolerance, straightness tolerance, roundness tolerance etc.
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area, construction, structure or load bearing etc. This is why the outside diameter is
important because it indicates how much it can hold as a stability factor.
7. Material
Piping is usually made of carbon steel or low alloy steel. while tubing is often made of mild
steel, aluminum, brass, copper, chrome or stainless steel etc. Different material also lead
to different cost and price.
10. Ductibility
Pipe is available in rigid ―joints‖, which come in various lengths depending on the material.
Tubing, in particular copper, comes in rigid hard tempered ―joints‖ or soft tempered
(annealed) rolls. Some tubing also comes in rigid ―joints‖ or flexible rolls. The temper of
the copper, that is whether it is a rigid ―joint‖ or flexible roll, does not affect the sizing.
11. Packing
Pipes to delivered are in bundle or just bulk delivery. Because we just need to protect the
pipes surface from serious damage and no need to protect from any light chafing. While
tubes are usually wrapped with wooden box or thin film for each tube, especially for
medical area tube.
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13. Quantity
For long transport or distributing, piping is often used in mass quantity and for long
distance application. So, the order of pipes are usually large. While tubes may be used in
small quantity.
15. Application
Pipes accommodate larger applications with sizes that range from a half-inch to several
feet. Tubes are generally used in applications that require smaller diameters. While
10-inch pipes are common, it’s rare that you will come across a 10-inch tube.
Bright annealing tube under a reducing atmosphere or in a vacuum protection, after high
temperature solid melting and rapid cooling to get the stainless steel tube, requiring the
inner surface has a very good surface roughness and cleanliness, is a comprehensive
consideration of organizational stability corrosion resistance and workability of the pipe.
Bright annealed tube inner surface roughness Ra values and their own cleanliness is
extremely demanding, so the particles can occur during transport and accumulation of
fluid retention has been effectively curbed. In addition, the chemical composition of the
pipe and the base material dimensional tolerances need to be strictly controlled to ensure
the weldability of steel and the welding quality in the welding fumes, which can reduce the
occurrence of particle generation and improving the corrosion resistance of welded parts,
and smoothness.
Smelting raw materials must have good control, the level required to meet the
microstructure times better level.
Cold rolling volume control and reasonable within the organization in order to
avoid defects.
Mold control, to ensure the inner and outer surface roughness R a ≤ 0.3μm.
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The material of the stainless steel round bar is from Jiuli and Baosteel China, we control
the quality from the very start. We polished three times to make sure the surface is perfect
bright and smooth, and without any deficiency in quality.
We have precision equipment to test according to the standard required and PMI test to
check the material before delivery.
Also known as ―marine grade‖ stainless steel due to its increased ability to resist saltwater
corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing
plants.
DELIVERY REQUIRMENT:
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Heat exchanger tube in an extensive range of austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless
steels, nickel alloys, titanium and zirconium, suitable for all types of heat exchangers,
such as seawater coolers, condensers, evaporators, heaters and reheaters.
Heat exchanger Tubes are used in all types of process industries. Characteristic
requirements are: bead worked weld, fixed lengths and extensive testing.
In order to meet the demand for rapid delivery, we have a strip stock with both standard
and special grades of steel in the most common thicknesses.
We offer the market’s widest selection of stainless steel grades and has extensive
experience of manufacturing heat exchanger tubes
Surface protection: Unless otherwise stated in order tubes are delivered with inner and
outer surfaces temporarily protected with a film of light mineral oil.
Tubes ends: The tubes are supplied plain, square cut and on request the tubes can be
deburred.
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APPLICATION:
Pipes are made from more than 20 steel grades of various corrosion resistance and are
intended for application in conditions of a wide range of corrosion environments and
temperatures in heat exchanger.
Nuclear Industry
Chemical Industry
Petrochemical industry
HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning), refrigeration
Food and Beverages
Power Generation
Stainless steel pipe is one of the more standardized materials in the building and
engineering industries. The thickness of the pipe walls, diameter of the pipe and even the
chemical composition are all written as part of the American National Standards Institute
standards, which is just one of multiple standards available.
WALL THICKNESS
Stainless steel pipe categorized by the American National Standards Institute uses the
term schedule in reference to the pipe’s wall thickness. Despite this standardization, the
wall thickness is not the same for every diameter of pipe. Instead, the schedule refers to
the general strength of the pipe. Therefore, a schedule 40S stainless pipe has a wall
thickness of approximately 1.73mm for a pipe with outside diameter of 10.3mm but
increases to 9.53mm for a pipe of the same schedule but 323.9mm in diameter. There are
four general schedules for stainless pipe; 5S, 10S, 40S and 80S.
DIAMETER
Within each schedule of pipe there are multiple diameters of stainless steel pipe
standardized by ANSI. These diameters range from 10.3mm (or .405 inches) to 323.9mm
(or 12.75 inches). It is important to note that some diameters are not available in every
schedule. For instance, the smallest diameters are not available in schedule 5S and many
diameters are very difficult to find in some schedules, or very expensive if they are
available.
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MATERIALS
Though ANSI standardizes stainless steel pipe, there are multiple formulas of stainless
steel available. The two primary steels used in the manufacture of stainless steel pipe are
ANSI 304 stainless steel and ANSI 316. Both steels have similar chemistry and differ only
slightly in the amount of chromium in the steel.
Wall
OD Schedule Designations Inside Diameter Weight
NPS Thickness
(Inches) (ANSI/ASME) (Inches) (Inches) (lbs./ft.)
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XX 0.875 10 101.63
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30 0.5 19 104.13
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32 32 20 0.5 31 168.21
34 34 20 0.5 33 178.89
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Source: China Steel Pipe Manufacturer – Yaang pipe fitting Industry Co., Limited
(www.steeljrv.com)
(Yaang Pipe Industry is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless
steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges,
Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe. Yaang products are widely used in
Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage
treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries.)
If you want to have more information about the article or you want to share your opinion
with us, contact us at sales@steeljrv.com
Please notice that you might be interested in the other technical articles we’ve published:
Reference:
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/pipes-tubes-d_347.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pipe
https://www.commercemetals.com/tube-vs-pipe-the-differences-explained-in-plain
-english/
http://www.tubecon.co.za/en/technical-info/tubecon-wiki/tube-vs-pipe.html
https://www.yaang.com
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