Movable Dome As Anaerobic Digester
With Wet Fermentation Process
In general fermentation is Metabolic
processes for microorganisms in
conditions do not require oxygen.
Fermentation uses organic molecules as
the end of its electron acceptor. During the
fermentation process, large organic
molecules such as sugar become a mixture
of the final product. fermentation is one of
the processes of degradation of the
substance of organic matter into biogas.
The wet fermentation (wet fermentation)
itself is one of the processes in anaerobic
digestion with the input material has
moisture greater than 75% and in the
process required the addition of liquid to
facilitate the movement of organic matter.
In this wet fermentation there is a treat for
organic waste before entering the digester
system (BIOFerm Energy Systems, 2009)
Factors Affecting Biogas Formation
consists of:
 Temperature
The optimum temperature for the
digester is 30 ° C - 40 ° C
 pH
The optimum pH range for the type
of methane-producing bacteria is
between 6.4 - 7.4.
 Availability of Nutrients
Anaerobic bacteria require nutrients
as an energy source containing
nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium,
sodium, manganese, kasium, and
cobalt.
 Anaerob Fermentation Inhibitor
Factor
In addition to the physical and
environmental conditions of the
digester, ammonia nitrogen at high
concentrations can inhibit
anaerobic fermentation. Good
concentrations range from 200 -
1500 mg / L. at concentrations of
1500 - 3000 mg / L the process will
be inhibited while the
concentration above 3000 mg / L
will be toxic at any pH (Udiharto,
1982).
 C / N Ratio
C / N ratio of 30 (C / N = 30/1 or
carbon 30 times the amount of
nitrogen) will create the digestion
process at an optimum level, if other
conditions are also favorable.
How Does Movable Dome Work?
Organic material has moisture greater than
75% with the help of addition of liquid
(mud) enter di digester. Subsequently the
digester was left for 2 months. Where in
this period the anaerobic fermentation
process of biomass occurs with the
presence of water content in it and
produced biogas. Biogas is then collected
in a gas holder, the gas catcher then begins
moving upwards. The more accumulated
gas, the more pressure in the mud. The
pressure caused the mud pushed to the
chamber outlet from the digester. The
excess mud that goes into the chamber
outlet can then be used as fertilizer. The
gas collected in the gas holder is then
supplied through the gas valve.
Typical Design

 Influent

The size of the amount of solid

waste included depends on the
amount of biomass mixed with
water, with an average total solid
concentration of 10%. In the case of
wet animal density, the proportion of
mixing is 1: 1.

 Space in Units

It takes up about 10% of the volume

of the digester

 Retention Time

Retention time for 30-55 days

 Volume

Commonly used by small to medium

farms with 5-15 m3 digester size or
institutions and industrial composites
with digester size 20-100 m3.

 Application

One of Implementation of anaerobic

digester type movable dome is in the
area of livestock in southeastern
region of Mexico that is Jalapa with
the type of goat faecal input, water
spikes and mud from the fish pond as
inoculum. After conducting a test pilot
using an electric generator, it is known
that the presence of biogas is very
possible to produce energy with a
voltage of 110 and 220 V. For 51.21
minutes, using biogas accumulated
worth 1 m3. Total power out is 3.58
kWh.