Concept of Disaster Risk Reduction and It oversees the implementation progress of the

Disaster Risk Reduction Management disaster risk management process. This stage
Disaster Risk Reduction also conducts periodic investigation of progress
It refers to systematic efforts to minimize and analysis of impact and achievement.
vulnerabilities and disaster risks, to avoid
(prevention) or to limit (mitigation and Examples of mitigation measures
preparedness) the effects of hazards  Strengthening buildings
Mitigation measures are designed to minimize  Proper timing of crop cycle
disaster-related losses (life, property, or assets,  Determining which facilities require fire
and environment). safe roofing
Examples of DRR activities, which are done  Flood control projects
before a disaster strikes  Crafting and implementation of land
• Building code revision and use control
implementation
• Hazard and vulnerability analysis  Planning for evacuation routes and
• Zoning and land use management camps, and logistics for providing relief
• Public awareness and education supplies is a good disaster preparedness
• Early warning systems including  stockpiling of equipment and supplies
forecasting and dissemination of  Promotion of public awareness through
warnings information and education campaigns
COMPONENTS OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
TAKEN BEFORE A DISASTER HAPPENS Disaster Management Cycle
 RISK IDENTIFICATION Disaster management
 RISK ANALYSIS The entire array of activities aimed at reducing
 RISK PRIORITIZATION the severity of impact of the disaster-causing
 RISK TREATMENT event which are undertaken before, during, and
 MONITORING AND EVALUATION after a disaster
RISK IDENTIFICATION
The risk identification stage identifies the Disaster Risk Management
hazards; potential threats are identified based Recovery
partly on experience and records. This step is  Rehabilitation
necessary in prioritizing targets of mitigation  Reconstruction
measures.  Rescue Services
RISK ANALYSIS Preparedness
It aims to establish the magnitude and the  Early warning
likelihood of occurrence of the event. This step  Evacuation
is also necessary in prioritizing target areas of  Emergency planning
mitigation measures. Risk Identification
Prioritization of risks
 Hazard analysis and monitoring
This stage analyzes and identifies priority
 Vulnerability analysis
subjects (hazards, areas, and elements at risk)
 Determination of risk
requiring treatment.
Prevention and Mitigation
TREATMENT OF RISKS
 Land use planning
The risk treatment stage identifies the cause of
the risks, identifies and evaluates treatment  Land management
strategies, and prepares and implements  (Non-) structural measures
treatment plans.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Activities commonly lumped together as measures, to reduce the consequences of
disaster management: failure, and to reduce recovery time and
PRE-EVENT: Risk assessment patterns of vulnerability during reconstruction
Mitigation or prevention
Preparedness Resilient community characteristics
SYN-EVENT: Emergency response (rescue,  Has community organizations
evacuation, Relief)  Disaster risk reduction and disaster
POST-EVENT: Recovery preparedness plan
Rehabilitation  Community early warning system
Reconstruction  Trained manpower
 Physical connectivity
THE MOST CHALLENGING PERIOD OF A  Relational connectivity
DISASTER IS PROBABLY RIGHT AFTER IT  Knowledge of risks and risk reduction
HAPPENS actions
 Community disaster reduction fund
Disaster recovery, rehabilitation and  Safer house to withstand local hazards
reconstruction have to start as soon as disaster
 Safe sources of livelihood
response has concluded
This is a gargantuan task for the
A community-based DRRM should involve both
government, requiring tremendous amount of
community insiders and outsiders.
funds and a huge array of human resources
 Those who belong to the community
This phase might also take years before
include individuals, families,
even a fraction of it is accomplished
organizations, LGUs, and stakeholders.
 A focal point organization takes the lead
Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction and
in the implementation of risk reduction
Management
measures and in the overall
For preparedness: Emergency plan, monitoring
management of disaster risks
and evaluation, early warning systems and
survival kits and materials
Every individual, family, organization,
CBDRRM
business, and public service entity within a
Empowers the people by recognizing
community must assume a role in reducing
and emphasizing the value of communities and
disaster risks
local organizations. CBDRRM can tap teeming
local knowledge and expertise readily. Cost-
Training for and practice of CBDRRM starts
effectiveness and sustainability of activities
at home
should be expected.
The national government agencies (NGA),
NGO, the private entities, and the un agencies
CBDRRM engages communities not only
provide various forms of support (technical,
in DRR but also in all phases of the disaster
material, financial) to community-based DRRM
management cycle.
efforts in reducing their vulnerabilities and
CBDRRM aims to create resilient
enhancing their capacities
communities which are able to reduce their
While putting in place systems to
vulnerabilities and exposure, and at the same
ensure timely and effective warnings is the
time enhance their capacities before, during,
national government’s responsibility,
and after a disaster
communities can certainly participate and be of
Capacity refers to the ability to reduce the
help in this aspect
probability of failure through risk reduction
 Predictions and warnings are
indispensable preparedness tools undertaken
before a disaster strikes
People should be made to understand
the nature and consequences of the hazards
they are faced with when warnings are issued
Information and education campaigns are
designed to elevate people’s level of awareness
and preparedness
Involving people directly in monitoring
and warning activities will make them better
understand the hazards affecting them
CBDRRM in schools
Educational institutions are
indispensable actors in community-based DRRM
Students fall within the most vulnerable sectors
of the population
They could also be the most potent
agents not only of disaster preparedness but in
all aspects of the disaster management cycle
When students conduct earthquake or
fire drills, the knowledge and skills they acquire
are transferred directly to their families and to
their communities
Students are the future hazard
scientists, social scientists, and leaders who will
one day take the lead in the various stages of
the disaster management cycle
In many aspects, the school can be
perceives as a microcosm of both the
community it belongs to and of the country
Planning/organizing the earthquake drill
Form disaster risk reduction
management team to take charge of first aid,
rescue, security, evacuation, and
communications/ designate an over-all
coordinator
Perform activity before preceeding. The
drrm team should inspect the school grounds
and buildings for unsafe conditions in case of
earthquakes
Developing the school earthquake evacuation
plan
Designate a specific open area for each
class as their assembly points
Indicate on the map the dangerous
points which should be avoided during
evacuation
Indicate the route students should
follow
Make sure that all students, teachers
and school staff are oriented the evacuation
routes
Prepare earthquake survival kits and
first aid kits
Orientation prior to the conduct of earthquake
drill
Location of supplies should be marked
on the map
Kits should be easy-to-find
Covered lessons on the nature and
origin of earthquakes and on safety measures
before, during, and after an earthquake
Conducted off-campus educational trip
for an orientation by one or more of the lead
agencies for the hazards
Actual conduct of drill
The students should see how well they
execute their
Plan in an earthquake drill
The drill should help them diagnose any
glitch which should be corrected
Alarm phase
The school bell or fire alarm alerts the students
about the onset of the earthquake
Response phase
Execute duck, cover and hold. Move away from
windows, glass, or anything that might hurt you
when it breaks, falls, or topples
Evacuation phase
When the shaking stops, students and teachers
should then get ready to evacuate the school
building(s). The route indicated in the
evacuation plan should be followed and
students should then gather at their designates
assembly points
Assembly phase
Students must gather at the assembly point to
grade level and section, as indicated in the plan
Head count phase
Teachers or class presidents should then make a
roll call to check if somebody is missing. Those
needing medical attention should also be
attended to by the first aid/medical team.
Evaluation
This phase identifies problems encountered
that would pose difficulties in a real earthquake
situation in school
Disaster Preparedness:
The Roles of
the State and the Citizens
By: Xavier Lorenzo C. Jose
11- HUMERUS
National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council
• formerly known as the National Disaster
Coordinating Council
• plans and leads the guiding activities in
the field of communication, warning
signals, emergency, transportation,
evacuation, rescue, engineering, health
and rehabilitation, public education and
auxiliary services
The Philippine DRRM Law RA 10121 and its
Implementing Rules and Regulations
History
 Asian Tsunamis (2004)
 Hyogo Framework of Action
 Typhoons in 2009
 ASEAN Agreement
 Disaster Management and Emergency
Response
 Revamp of NDCC
 Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act (RA 10121)
 NDRRMC
Creation of DRRMC and Salient Features
of the DRRM Law
• NDRRMC is more responsive to disaster
concerns and taps LGUs, community
and civil society as partners.
• Gave more emphasis on disaster risk
reduction and identifying vulnerability
rather than concentrating on just
disaster response
• Expanded membership to LGUs and
other government agencies to bring
balance of both pre and post disaster
measures
DRRMC ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION
• The Secretary of National Defense as
Chairperson
• The National Defense is the agency
mandated to guard against threats
both internal and external
• The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) is the
implementing arm of the NDRRMC and
has the primary mission of
administrating a comprehensive
national civil defense and DRRM
program
• It is the lead agency in the continuous
development of strategic and
systematic approaches as well as
measures to reduce the vulnerabilities
and risks to hazards and manage the
consequences of disasters.
NDRRMC is empowered to do the following
functions:
 Manage and mobilize resources
 Monitor the development and
enforcement of the act
 Monitor and provide guidelines on
LDRRMF
 Formulate a national institutional
capability building program.
 Develop appropriate risk transfer
mechanism
 Develop the NDRRM framework
 Develop the NDRRM plan
 Advise the president of the status of the
DRRM of the county
 Ensure a multi-stakeholder participation
  Establish a national early warning and
alert system
Role of Local Government Units
 There are DRRM council for each
region. LGUs are mandated to form and
operate DRRM Councils.
 Each of the DRRM council must form a
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan (LDRRMP).
 Each office must have their own chief
DRRM officer.
 The Regional DRRM Council is
NDRRMC’s regional arm. It maintains a
facility called Regional Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Operations
Center.
Recognition of Civil Society Organizations
• CSO are non-state actors whose aims
are neither to generate profit nor to
seek government power.
• CSO unite people to advance shared
goals and interests.
• Their involvement in services include
medical care, search and rescue,
emergency housing and feeding, and
many other needs that fills the gap of
government expenditures.
Information and Resources from the
Government
 The NDRRM Plan (NDRRMP) and
Knowledge Transfer
 Development of Plans
 Development of understandable and
consistent IEC and advocacy materials
on RA 10121, DRRM and CCA
 Development of Guidelines
 Development of Tools
 Establishment of DRRM training centers
 Conduct inventory of existing DRRM
and CCA resources and services
 Development and implementation of
DRRM and CCA activities using 5% of
government agency’s budget.
 Hazard and risk mapping in the most
high-risk areas in the country
 Institutional capability program on
DRRM and CCA for decision makers,
local chief executives and key
stakeholders
 Mainstreaming DRRM and CCA in local
development planning.
 Post disaster needs assessment (PDNA)
capacity building for national
government agencies, regional line
agencies, and local offices.
 Review, amend and/or revise the
building code and integrate DRRM and
CCA.
Primary sources of information and resources
Department of science and technology
Mandate is to “provide central
direction, leadership and coordination of
scientific and technological efforts and ensure
that the results therefrom are geared and
utilized in areas of maximum economic and
social benefits for the people.
Department of Interior and Local Government
It is the agency tasked primarily for the
preparedness aspect of disaster reduction. This
includes the development and implementation
of a comprehensive national and local
preparedness and response policies, plans, and
systems.
National Economic Development Authority
NEDA is the lead agency in the preparation of
report providing synthesis of the overall impact
of disasters including that on the macro
economy, poverty, incomes, and employment.
NEDA is also in charge of the conduct of post
disaster needs assessment
.
Media’s Role in Times of Disaster
The Philippine Information Agency is
among the government agencies tasked to
provide accurate and timely advice to national
or local organizations and to the public
regarding disasters.
The traditional tri-media (television,
radio, and newspaper) and internet-based
media have also been instrumental in
supplementing the government’s disaster
information functions