EE 1352 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Questions and Answers

UNIT- IV FAULT ANALYSIS – SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND

UNBALANCED FAULT

1. What are the symmetrical components of a 3 phase system?

In a 3 phase system, the unbalanced vectors (either currents or voltage) can be
resolved into three balanced system of vectors.
They are Positive sequence components
Negative sequence components
Zero sequence components
Unsymmetrical fault analysis can be done by using symmetrical components.
2. What are the positive sequence components?
It consists of three components of equal magnitude, displaced each other by 120˚
in phase and having the phase sequence abc .
Ic1
𝐼𝑎1 = 𝐼𝑎1 ∠0˚
120˚
𝐼𝑏1 = 𝐼𝑎1 ∠240˚ = 𝐼𝑎1 ∠ − 120˚
120˚ Ia1
𝐼𝑐1 = 𝐼𝑎1 ∠120˚
120˚

Ib1

3. What are the negative sequence components?

It consists of three components of equal magnitude, displaced each other by 120˚
in phase and having the phase sequence acb .
Ib2
𝐼𝑎2 = 𝐼𝑎2 ∠0˚
120˚
𝐼𝑏2 = 𝐼𝑎2 ∠120˚˚
120˚ Ia2
𝐼𝑐1 = 𝐼𝑎2 ∠240˚ = 𝐼𝑎2 ∠ − 120˚
120˚

Ic2

4. What are the zero sequence components?

It consists of three phasors equal in magnitude and with zero phase displacement
from each other.

Power system Analysis-Unit-4-Q-A 1

 Ia0
Ib0
Ic0 Ia0 = Ib0 = Ic0

5. What is sequence operator?

In unbalanced problem, to find the relationship between phase voltages and phase
currents, we use sequence operator ‘a’.
a = 1∠120˚ = 𝑒 𝑗120 = - 0.5+j0.866
𝑎2 = 1∠240˚ = −0.5 − j0.866
1 + 𝑎 + 𝑎2 = 0
6. Write down the equations to convert symmetrical components into unbalanced
phase currents. (Or) Determination of unbalanced currents from symmetrical
currents.
Let, Ia, Ib, Ic be the unbalanced phase currents
Let, Ia0, Ia1, Ia2 be the symmetrical components of phase a
𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0
[𝐼𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] [𝐼𝑎1 ]
𝐼𝑏 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2

7. Write down the equations to convert unbalanced phase currents into symmetrical
components. (Or) Determination of symmetrical currents from unbalanced
currents.
Let, Ia, Ib, Ic be the unbalanced phase currents
Let, Ia0, Ia1, Ia2 be the symmetrical components of phase a
𝐼𝑎0 1 1 1 12 𝐼𝑎
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [1 𝑎 𝑎 ] [𝐼𝑏 ]
3
𝐼𝑎2 1 𝑎2 𝑎 𝐼𝑏
8. What are sequence impedance and sequence network?
The sequence impedances are the impedances offered by the power system components
or elements to +ve, -ve and zero sequence current.
The single phase equivalent circuit of power system consisting of impedances to current
of any one sequence only is called sequence network.
9. Draw the positive, negative and zero sequence network of all power system components.

-----To refer Sequence impedance and network Table 4.1-----

10. Write the equation to determine fault current for L-G, L-L and L-L-G fault with
impedance.

-----To refer Unsymmetrical fault current Table 4.2-----

11. Draw the equivalent sequence network diagram for L-G, L-L and L-L-G fault .

-----To refer Unsymmetrical fault sequence network Table 4.3-----

Power system Analysis-Unit-4-Q-A 2