Endocrine questions

Thyroid
1] Regarding physiological effects of thyroid hormones which is incorrect?
a) Increases numbers of the heart adrenergic receptors.
b) Stimulates lipolysis.
c) brain development.
d) Increases protein breakdown.
2] Which of the following is the most active thyroid hormone
A- DIT
B- T4 (thyroxine)
C- MIT
D- T3
E- None of above
3] Regarding the regulation of thyroid secretion :
A- T4 & T3 will have a positive feed-back on the hypothalamus
B- T4 & T3 will have a negative feed-back on the anterior pituitary
C- T4 & T3 will have a negative feed-back on the posterior pituitary
D- T4 & T3 will have a negative feed-back on the thyroid
4] Thyroid hormone increases oxygen consumption of:
A. Brain
B. Gonads
C. Heart
D. Anterior pituitary
5] Which of the following regarding action of thyroid hormone is FALSE?
A. Directly stimulate the heart.
B. Promotes catabolism in excess levels.
C. Increase basal metabolic rate
D. Increase sensitivity of adrenaline receptors to catecholamines
6] Which of the following would least likely be associated with hyperthyoidism?
A) increase heart rate.
B) Increased appetite
C) increased sleeping hours
D) tremors
7] Which of the following findings is most likely in a patient who has myxedema?
A) puffiness of the eye.
B) increase heart rate
C) Increased cardiac output
D) Weight loss
8] A patient with hypothyroidism is likely to have:
a) subnormal body temperature
b) increase pulse pressure
c) exophthalmos
d) nervousness
9] Hyperthyroidism is characterized by which of the following
A. mental sluggnish
B. Increased basal metabolic rate
C. Bradycardia
D. Increased weight gain

10] A person with hypothyroidism would exhibit which of the following symptoms?
A. Tachycardia
B. Increased metabolic rate
C. Heat intolerance
D. Sleepiness
11] A patient with Grave's disease might have;
a. Constipation
b. Exophthalmos
c. Hypotension
d. Cold intolerance
12] Which of the following about Graves disease is in correct;
a. is associated with decreased activity of thyroid gland.
b. is frequently associated with bulging of the eyes.
c. is frequently associated with excess thyroid hormone secretion.
d. is frequently associated with heart acceleration.

Parathyroid
1) The normal serum calcium level is ___mg/100 ml
a) 4-6
b) 6-8
c) 9-11
d) 14-16
2) Which of the following describes the action of parathyroid hormone?
a) Increased Ca++ and bone reabsorption, increased phosphate reabsorption
b) Increased Ca++ and bone reabsorption, decreased phosphate reabsorption
c) Decreased Ca++ and bone reabsorption, increased phosphate reabsorption
d) Decreased Ca++ and bone reabsorption, decreased phosphate reabsorption
3) What is the action of calcitonin?
a) Activate osteoblasts
b) inhibit osteoblasts
c) Activate osteoclasts
d) inhibit osteoclasts
3) Which of the following is NOT true of parathyroid hormone?
a) Produced by chief cells of the parathyroid gland
b) Decreases ionized plasma Ca++ levels
c) Increases plasma phosphate levels
d) Inhibited by 1,25-OH2-D via negative feedback
e) Decreased vitamin D production and bone resorption
4) Which of the following describes the activity of 1,25-OH2D3?
 a) Increases calcium absorption in the intestine
b) Increases calcium excretion from the intestine
c) Increases proximal tubule calcium reabsorption
d) Decreases basolateral membrane Ca++ pumps
e) Decreases calbindin synthesis
5. The major action of PTH in maintaining calcium homeostasis is to increase:
a. bone resorption
b. gut absorption of calcium
c. renal Ca reabsorption
d. synthesis of calbindin
6. PTH:
a) Is synthesized and secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
b) Acts directly on all three of its target organs, bone, kidney and the G1 tract
c) Is released whenever plasma calcium exceeds 10 mg %
d) Is essential for life
7. The active form of Vitamin D
a) is permissive to the action of PTH on renal calcium reabsorption
b) causes an increase in synthesis of calcitonin
c) is increased in response to a rise in plasma calcium above about 9 mg per cent
d) acts directly in the gut to increase synthesis of a calcium binding protein
8. Which of the following decreases the rate of urinary excretion of calcium ions by the
kidney?
A) Increase in calcitonin concentration in the plasma
B) Decrease in phosphate ion concentration in the plasma
C) Increase in the plasma level of parathyroid hormone
D) Metabolic acidosis
E) Increase in calcium ion activity in the plasma
9. Action of PTH does NOT include:
A.  Ca reabsorption from distal tubule
B.  PO4 excretion
C.  bone resorption
D. direct Ca absorption from intestine
E. stimulates osteoclasts & osteoblasts
10- all of the following are PTH actions except
A- ↑ bone resorpition
B- ↑ Ca reabsorpition via kidney
C- ↑ intestinal reabsorption via activation of Vit.D
D- ↑ phosphate reabsorption (kidney)
E- ↓ phosphate reabsorption(kidney)
11. PTH
a) is released when plasma calcium increases
b) acts directly on bone and in the GI tract
c) stimulates 25-hydroxylase activity in the kidney
d) in the kidneys, decreases phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubules.
12. Which of the following would increase plasma calcium the most?
a) high PTH and high calcitonin
b) high PTH and low calcitonin
c) low PTH and high calcitonin
d) low PTH and low calcitonin
13. The active form of Vitamin D
a) is permissive to the action of PTH on renal calcium reabsorption
b) causes an increase in synthesis of calcitonin
c) is increased in response to a rise in plasma calcium above about 9 mg per cent
d) acts directly in the gut to increase synthesis of a calcium binding protein
14. Action of PTH does NOT include:
A.  Ca reabsorption from distal tubule.
B.  PO4 excretion.
C.  bone resorption
D. direct Ca absorption from intestine.
E. stimulates osteoclasts & osteoblasts.
15. all of the following are PTH actions except
A- ↑ bone resorpition
B- ↑ Ca reabsorpition via kidney
C- ↑ intestinal reabsorption via activation of Vit.D
D- ↑ phosphate reabsorption (kidney)
E- ↓ phosphate reabsorption(kidney).
16. all of the following are calcitonin effects except;
A- Ca excretion in urine
B- Phosphate exccretion in urine
C- polyuria
D- ↓ Ca and phosphate reabsorption
E- ↑ bone resorption
17. Calcitonin is responsible for :
a) Increasing the plasma calcium level
b) decreasing the plasma calcium level
c) increasing parathyroid hormone level
d) decreasing thyroxine level
18. Tetany features include all except:
a) neuromuscular hyperexcitability
b) carpopedal spasm
c) trosseau’s sign
d) clotting defects