Abstract

The purpose of the experiment is to deter-

mine which HCl concentration is the best to
extraction big amount of iron. 25ml portions
of aqueous phase were mobilization with di-
ethyl ether for a few minutes.The solutions
separated and concentration of Fe is deter-
mined in each phase.Then calculating the
distribution ratio, and from the result of
graph the best HCl concentration was found
to be 6M.

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 Table of content
Introduction 3

Experimental result: 3

Discussion: 8

References: 12

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 Introduction
liquid liquid extraction: its a method for sepa-
rating components of solution by using distri-
bution of the compound between two immisci-
ble phases, the solution consist of two layer one
in aqueous phase and other in organic phase.
solute is transfer to second solvent. aqueous
phase usually containing of the solute to be sep-
arated.This process used in a large scale in pe-
troleum industry. {Stevens , Baird,2007}

Titration: is slow increment of a solution

known concentration called titrant to an-
other solution unknown concentration, until
reaches to equilibrium (end point), then we
can determine the concentration of un-
known solution. {Prof. Delmar Larsen,2000}

Experimental result:
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 Volume of KMnO4 volume of KMnO4 (or-
concen. of HCl (aqueous phase) ganic phase)

2 8.5 ml 0.2 ml
4 6.4 ml 3.2 ml
6 1.5 ml 7.3 ml
8 2 ml 7.55 ml

* pH calculation:
pH= -log([HCl])
- 2M HCl pH= -log(2)= -0.301
- 4M HCl pH= -log(4)= -0.602
- 6M HCl pH= -log(6)= -0.778
- 8M HCl pH=-log(8)= -0.903
-
* distribution ratio calculation:
5Fe2+ + KMnO4 Fe3+ + Mn2+
5 moles of Fe2+ require 1mole of KMnO4.
aqueous layer= 25ml
organic layer= 25ml

[Fe] in aqueous phase:

by using:

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[Fe](or)= (0.01)(VKMnO4)(aq)(5)/vFe2+(aq)

- when the conc of HCl 2M:

- [Feaq]=(0.01)(8.5)(5)/25= 0.017
-
-

- when the conc of HCl 4M:

- [Feaq]= (0.01)(6.4)(5)/25= 0.0128
-

-when the conc of HCl 6M:

- [Feaq]=(0.01)(1.5)(5)/25= 0.003
-

- when the conc of HCl 8M:

-
[Feaq]=(0.01)(2)(5)/25= 0.004

[Fe] in organic phase:

by using:
[Fe](or)=(0.01)(VKMnO4)(or)(5)/vFe2+(or)
- when the conc of HCl 2M:
- [Feor]= (0.01)(0.2)(5)/25= 0.0004
-

- when the conc of HCl 4M:

- [Feor]= (0.01)(3.2)(5)/25= 0.0064
-

- when the conc of HCl 6M:

- [Feor]= (0.01)(7.3)(5)/25= 0.0146
-

- when the conc of HCl 8M:

- [Feor]= (0.01)(7.55)(5)/25= 0.0151

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# Distribution ratio kD = [Fe2+] in organic phase
/ [Fe2+] in aqueous phase
- 2M HCl KD= 0.0004/0.017= 0.0235
- 4M HCl kD= 0.0064/0.0128= 0.5
- 6M HCl KD= 0.0146/0.003= 4.87
- 8M HCl KD= 0.0151/0.004= 3.775

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graph:

log D vs. pH
1.0000

0.5000

0.0000
log D

-0.5000
-0.9000 -0.8000 -0.7000 -0.6000 -0.5000 -0.4000 -0.3000 -0.2000 -0.1000 0.0000
-1.0000

-1.5000

-2.0000
pH

conc of HCl pH Vaq [Fe]aq Vorg [Fe]org Distribution ratio log D

- -
0.301029 1.628388
9956639 0.02352941176470 9300503
2 81 8.5 0.017 0.2 0.0004 59 1

- -
0.602059 0.301029
9913279 9956639
4 62 6.4 0.0128 3.2 0.0064 0.5 81

-
0.778151 0.687231
2503836 6010647
6 44 1.5 0.003 7.3 0.0146 4.86666666666667 75

-
0.903089 0.576916
9869919 9559652
8 44 2 0.004 7.55 0.0151 3.775 07

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 Discussion:
Answers of questions:
Part A :-
Q-1: Bromate titration is a another method to deter-
mine the concentration of iron, to reduce the ferric
ions into ferrous we use titration by
standard KBrO3 solution.
6Fe2+ + BrO3- +6H+ Br- +6Fe3++3H2O
iron ions oxidizing, and the we can determine the Fe
concentration. {Walter de Gruyter Berlin,1966}

Q-2: The substance have different solubility between

two immiscible solvents because the repulsion and
attraction force of non-polar molecules of substance
is weak, so its dissolved in the layer with non-polar
molecules, and polar substance dissolved in the layer
with polar molecules.

Q-3: Is the ratio of concentration of a chemical com-

ponent in a solution of two immiscible phases at
equilibrium with each other. this coefficient are the
measure of difference in solubility of the compound
in these two phase. {SCHA 312 , Spring 2001 - 2002}
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Q-4:
* High distribution ratio for the solute and low dis-
tribution ratio for the undesired impurities.

* Low solubility in the aqueous layer

* Low viscosity and sufficient density difference

from the aqueous phase.

* Low toxicity and inflammability. {Laboratory manual, mod-

ule code eax_s_201}

Part B :-
Q-1:
pH= -log([HCl])
- 2M HCl pH= -log(2)= -0.301
- 4M HCl pH= -log(4)= -0.602
- 6M HCl pH= -log(6)= -0.778
- 8M HCl pH= -log(8)= -0.903
Q-2:
conce of HCl pH [Fe]aq [Fe]org distribution
ratio
2 -0.301 0.017 0.004 0.0235
4 -0.602 0.0128 0.0064 0.5

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conce of HCl pH [Fe]aq [Fe]org distribution
ratio
6 -0.778 0.003 0.0146 4.87
8 -0.903 0.004 0.0151 3.775

Q-3: the curve between log(D) and the pH in

1.0000

0.5000

0.0000

-0.5000
-0.9000 -0.8000 -0.7000 -0.6000 -0.5000 -0.4000 -0.3000 -0.2000 -0.1000 0.0000
-1.0000

-1.5000

-2.0000

x-axis

Q4- if the pH increase so the

concentration of H+increases also
and the reaction go to the right H++ FeCl3
HFeCl4 so according to the graph

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the extraction of compound will be useful.

5- solvent extraction it use in large scale in

petroleum industrial for example in petro-
leum refining heavy oils and tar sand , solvent
extraction use to recover heavy oils, first the
solvent is injected into a heavy oil reservoir.
the fluid dissolved through the permeable
reservoir. from the surface the oil is separated
from the fluid. {The Pennsylvania State University,2015}

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 References:
- eng hammam , eng mina 2015-2016, bue, Egypt, In-
organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual, Module Code:
EAX_S_201.

- G.W. Stevens, T.C., Lo, & M. H. I. Baird, 2007, "Extraction,

Liquid-Liquid, Retrieved from, https://en.wikipe-
dia.org/wiki/Liquid–liquid_extraction

- Prof. Delmar Larsen,2000,Analytical Chemistry > Quantitative

Analysis > Titration, retrieved from http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analyti-
cal_Chemistry/Quantitative_Analysis/Titration

- Walter de Gruyter Berlin, 1966, redox titration, retrieved

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromate
-
- chemical Separations,Spring 2001 - 2002,Supplementary
Material, retrieved from http://peo-
ple.rit.edu/lprsch/scha312ext_a.html

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-
- The Pennsylvania State University,2015, retrieved
fromhttp://www.matse.psu.edu/node/447

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