SIMPLE EROSION MODEL

You will need:

 1 pile of sand, soil or clay.

 Sticks, leaves and twigs.
 1 watering can.
 ...

Instructions:

1. Build mounds of dirt forming as many valleys, creeks and spurs as you can.
2. Place the sticks upright in the soil where you want your ‘trees’ to be.
3. Pile leaves and twigs where you would expect them to be on your ‘hillside’.
4. Gently pour water over the entire site. Which areas lost more soil... why?
5. What could you do to fix the problems on the site? What if the soil was a different
texture?

Explanation:

 The top layer of soil contains a large amount of available nutrients for plants to use.
These nutrients include inorganic minerals to those nutrients provided by rotting
vegetation (humus). This layer of soil can be heavily eroded by the wind, rain and
human impacts.
 If this layer is lost, so is the available nutrients for plants to grow.
 ‘Deforestation’.
 VOLCANO

You will need:

 100 mL Vinegar.
 4 tablespoons of bicarbonate soda mixed in 150 mL water.
 150 mL Detergent.
 A few drops of Orange or Red Food Colouring.
 A 500 mL container.
 ...

Instructions:

1. Mix the detergent, food colouring and vinegar in the 500 mL container.
2. Stir the bicarbonate soda with the water in a glass and when it’s mixed, add it to the
500 mL flask.

Explanation:

 Explanation of the formation of igneous rocks.

 PERMEABILITY

You will need:

 Different types of rock.

 Dropper.
 Water.
 ...

Instructions:

1. Look at the rocks and say the type of rock (igneous, etc.) from their particles and
texture.
2. Use the dropper to place a drop of water on each rock. If they absorb the water, they
are permeable.

Explanation:

 Permeable objects are those that contain small holes because they allow water or
liquid to pass through. Gas can also go through permeable rocks. When these rocks are
located in rivers, they will most likely stay fixed in their position because the water can
flow through them. Most rocks do not contain pores for water or gas to go through.

 Sandstones and coal are common examples of permeable rocks. Sometimes rocks that
are permeable are weak and can be broken more easily due to the holes in them. The
opposite of these rocks are the impermeable rocks which are more common to find.
Granite is an example of this. They do not have holes to allow water to go through.
 MAKING HE ROCK CYCLE FOR KIDS

You will need:

 1 square of aluminium foil.

 1 square of wax paper.
 3 starbursts.
 Toaster oven (from school).
 Towels.
 Oven mitts
 ...

Instructions:

For each rock type, you will want to do the following beginning steps:

1. Unwrap your starburst.

2. Lay the foil flat on the table. Place the wax on top.
3. Stack the 3 starbursts in the center of the papers.
4. Roll the papers over the Starburst tightly and form the foil around the starburst.

Sedimentary rocks: Pressure Over Time

 You have to change the shape of the three rocks (starburst) with your pressure.
Metamorphic rocks: Heat and Pressure
 The teacher will be the person who is going to use the toaster oven. After you have
wrapped up a new set of “rocks”, the teacher can place them in the toaster oven. He
will leave them for a very short time... about 2 minutes. This will depend on the
 toaster oven. Basically, the foil has to be soft and malleable. Then, you have to wrap
the foil into a towel and apply pressure. Notice how little pressure it took to smash the
rocks together.

Igneous Rocks: Extreme Heat

 Wrap up your rocks. For this step, place the ‘rocks’ in the toaster oven again on high
heat for 5-10 minutes. Once it is melted, remove it and place it on a towel to observe.
NOT ALLOWED TO TOUCH it until it is cooled. Once it is cooled, it is so fun to pull away
from the wax paper and observe.

Explanation:

 The rock cycle.

 HOW TO MAKE A ROCK

You will need:

 Sand.
 Pebbles.
 Glue.
 Disposable cup.
 A clear cup so we can see the layers of “rock”.
 ...

Instructions:

1. Alternate using layers of sand, glue, and pebbles until we have the cup about one third
full. Then we wait and wait for over a week for our rocks to dry.
2. Cut the cup off of the rock. Separate the layers out and leave them to dry over night.

3. See the difference between the layer that is on the top of the cup and the layers that
was on the bottom of the cup.
Explanation:

 Video tutorial:

o https://www.fantasticfunandlearning.com/how-to-make-a-rock-with-kids.html

 Layers of rocks.