Incident Response to Terrorist Bombings Glossary

Training Support Package Participant Guide

Glossary

TERM ACRONYM DEFINITION

Al-Qaeda in the AQAP Militant Islamist organization, primarily active in
Arabian Peninsula Yemen and Saudi Arabia.
Alternating current AC Electric current that flows through a circuit in both
directions with the change in direction occurring with
a well-defined ad specific frequency.
Ammonium Nitrate AN Commonly used as a fertilizer. Used to create
tertiary explosives.
Ammonium Nitrate ANFO A chemical mixture containing the fuel and oxidizer;
and fuel oil a powerful but stable tertiary explosive.
Animal Liberation ALF Extremist animal rights group.
Front
Binary explosive An explosive formed by combining two non-
explosive materials (an oxidizer and a fuel).
Blasting Cap / A device containing a sensitive explosive intended
Detonator to produce a detonation wave. Can be either electric
or nonelectric (plain).
Blast-pressure effect The resulting bubble surrounding the seat of an
explosion. It encompasses the entire area behind
the shock front emanating from the seat of the
explosion. Conceptually it can be considered a
hemisphere or bubble moving outward from the seat
of an explosion. As the shock wave travels from the
seat, it creates an overpressure situation.
Bomb-Making BMAP National program developed by the Office for
Materials Awareness Bombing Prevention and the Federal Bureau of
Program Investigation (FBI). BMAP outreach materials are
distributed by local law enforcement to local
businesses to help employees more easily identify
homemade explosives precursor chemicals,
identify improvised explosive device (IED)
components and recognize suspicious purchasing
behavior that could indicate potential bomb-
making activities.
Booster A high explosive element sufficiently sensitive so as
to be actuated by small explosive elements and
powerful enough to cause detonation of the main
charge filling (initiator >> booster >> main charge).

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Brisance Refers to the shattering power or work done by an

explosive. Brisance has two effects: Shattering and
heave. Brisance is proportional to detonation
velocity and compression density at or behind the
shock front. Low brisance (slower moving blast
waves) heaves or move objects. High brisance
(faster moving blast waves) shatters objects.
Bulk Explosives Manufactured explosive charges in their original
packaging or that have been removed from
weapons or munitions.
Bureau of Alcohol, BATFE Federal law enforcement agency that protects
Tobacco, Firearms communities from violent criminals, criminal
and Explosives organizations, the illegal use and trafficking of
firearms, the illegal use and storage of explosives,
acts of arson and bombings, acts of terrorism, and
the illegal diversion of alcohol and tobacco products.
Carbon C Part of energetic hydrocarbons.
Center for Domestic CDP Trains emergency response providers from state,
Preparedness local, and tribal governments, as well as the Federal
government, foreign governments, and private
entities, as available. The scope of training includes
preparedness, protection, and response.
Chemical, biological, CBRNE Different types of weapons of mass destruction
radiological, nuclear, (WMDs): chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear,
and explosive and explosives.
Chemical, biological, CBR Types of WMDs that might be disseminated via
radiological/nuclear explosives: chemical, biological, and radiological.
Commercial Explosives produced and used for commercial,
Explosives industrial, or recreational applications.
Committee on CoTCCC Recommends guidelines to properly train military
Tactical Combat personnel to deal with the preventable causes of
Casualty Care death in combat.
Continuing education CEUs Educational credit points earned at various in-
units service training programs.
Critical infrastructure CIKR An umbrella term referring to the assets of the
and key resources United States essential to the nation's security,
public health and safety, economic vitality, and way
of life.
Dabiq The Islamic States online propaganda magazine.

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Deflagration Rapid burning, with intense heat and light.

Deflagration typically occurs with pyrotechnic
materials as well as smokeless and black powder.
Deflagration occurs relatively slowly, compared to
detonation, at speeds below 3,300 feet per second.
Deflagration-to- DDT The ability of low explosives to travel into the high
detonation explosive detonation velocity range, or the migration
from rapid burning to detonation.
Department of DHS A government agency established on November 25,
Homeland Security 2002 by President George W. Bush to ensure a
homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against
terrorism and other hazards.
National NIPP Outlines how government and private sector
Infrastructure participants in the critical infrastructure community
Protection Plan work together to manage risks and achieve security
and resilience outcomes.
Detonating Cord A waterproof, flexible fabric tube containing a high
explosive designed to transmit the detonation wave.
Detonation A specific form of energy release that supports a
shock wave (the most rapid form of energy release).
The speed at which the explosives are consumed is
the “detonation velocity” of the material. More
specifically, it is the speed at which the supersonic
shockwaves move through the material. Explosive
materials vary in detonation velocity from 3,300 to
29,000 feet per second, depending on the type of
explosive.
Detonation velocity The speed at which the explosives are consumed.
More specifically, it is the speed at which the
supersonic shockwaves move through the material.
Explosive materials vary in detonation velocity from
3,300 to 29,000 feet per second, depending on the
type of explosive.
Direct current DC Electric current that flows through a circuit in just
one direction.
Dynamite A high explosive used for blasting, consisting
essentially of a mixture of, but not limited to,
nitroglycerin, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate,
sodium nitrate, and carbonaceous materials.
Earth Liberation Front ELF Extremist environmental group.
Electronic Control ECW A weapon initiated utilizing electronic components.
Weapons

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Electrostatic ED Static electricity is particularly dangerous because

Discharge electrostatic discharge can be imparted from one
object to another. It builds up quickly, often without
warning (consider the static that can develop when
walking across carpet, particularly in the dry winter
months).
Emergency medical EMT Someone trained and certified to provide advanced
technicians care.
Enabling learning ELO A key learning point with a block of instruction.
objective
Energetic Materials EMRTC Energetic Materials Research division of the New
Research and Testing Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Center University.
Ethylene glycol EGDN A form of anti-freeze added to dynamite to prevent it
dinitrate from freezing.
Exploding Bridge EBW An initiator or system in which a very high-energy
Wire electrical impulse is passed through a bridge wire,
literally exploding the bridge wire and releasing
thermal and shock energy capable of initiating a
relatively insensitive explosive in contact with the
bridge wire.
Explosion A nuclear, chemical, or physical process leading to
the sudden release of energy.
Explosive ordnance EOD A person trained to handle explosives and
disposal improvised explosive devices. The term EOD is
typically associated with military trained bomb
technicians.
Explosive Train A succession of initiating and igniting elements
arranged to cause a charge to function.
Federal Bureau of FBI A government agency with the goal to protect and
Investigations defend the United States against terrorist and
foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce
the criminal laws of the United States, and to
provide leadership and criminal justice services to
federal, state, municipal, and international agencies
and partners; and to perform these responsibilities
in a manner that is responsive to the needs of the
public and is faithful to the Constitution of the United
States.

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Federal Emergency FEMA A government agency with the mission to support

Management the citizens and first responders of the United States
Administration to ensure that as a nation we work together to build,
sustain and improve our capability to prepare for,
protect against, respond to, recover from and
mitigate all hazards.
Feet per second fps The speed at which items of a shock wave travel
through the atmosphere.
FEMA’s National NTED Serves the nation's first responder community,
Training and offering more than 150 courses to help build critical
Education Division skills that responders need to function effectively in
mass consequence events.
Fertilizer grade FGAN Ammonium nitrate prills produced for use in
ammonium nitrate fertilizer. These prills are much denser than
explosive grade prills, and usually have less than
three percent porosity.
First Responder FIRST An application for smart phones and laptop
Support Tools computers developed by the DHS Science &
Technology Directorate and OBP. The application
allows first responders to quickly define safe stand-
off distances around a potential bomb location;
calculate rough damage and injury contours;
suggest appropriate roadblocks; and identify other
nearby facilities of concern.
Fragmentation Small objects designed to be accelerated by
explosive forces.
Friction, Impact, FISHED The five stimuli that can be used to release energy
Shock, Heat, from energetic materials.
Electrostatic
Discharge (Five
stimuli)
Fuel An incendiary material designed to enhance the
burning and visual effect of the device.
Gastrointestinal GI The upper and lower digestive track in the
abdominal region of the body.
Gregorio Marañón GMUGH The closest hospital in Madrid, Spain to the March
University General 2004 Madrid Train Bombings incident. It is the
Hospital largest hospital in Madrid in terms of the number of
beds and manpower.

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Hazardous Materials HazMat A material (as flammable or poisonous material) that

would be a danger to life or to the environment if
released without precautions; Toxic chemicals to the
environment.
Heave Explosives at the lower end of brisance tend to
heave. The energy that is not added in support of
the shock front tends to create a push after the
shock front travels into the surroundings.
Hexamethylene HMTD A homemade explosive mixture made with hydrogen
triperoxide peroxide used in the fabrication of IEDs.
High Explosive A chemical compound or mixture that is capable of
supporting or sustaining a detonation wave. High
explosives do not require confinement as they
combust instantaneously producing heat, gas, a
rapid expansion of matter, and a detonation / shock
wave.
High Military HMX The military’s most powerful conventional (non-
Explosive nuclear) high explosive. Also known as “Her
(cyclotetramethylene Majesty’s Explosive,” HMX was invented by the
tetranitramine) British and has the highest detonating velocity of
any manmade explosive that is not a nuclear
weapon. It is normally used in different explosive
formulations as well as in Nonel shock tube.
High-order detonation When an explosive performs as designed and is
completely consumed.
Homegrown Violent HVE A person of any citizenship who has lived and/or
Extremists operated primarily in the United States or its
territories who advocates, is engaged in, or is
prepared to engage in ideologically-motivated
terrorist activities (including providing support to
terrorism) in furtherance of political or social
objectives promoted by a foreign terrorist
organization, but is acting independently of direction
by a foreign terrorist organization.
Homemade HME Non-standard explosive mixtures / compounds
explosives which have been formulated / synthesized from
available ingredients. Most often utilized in the
absence of commercial / military explosives.
Hydrogen H An element that is one of the main components in
hydrocarbons.

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Hypergolic reaction
Igniter
Improvised explosive
device
Impulse
Incendiary device
Incident Command
System
Incident Response to IRTB
Terrorist Bombings
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Glossary
Participant Guide
Refers to the property of a mixture to spontaneously
combust when the components are mixed together.
Some improvised explosives are hypergolic in
nature, meaning that when two particular chemical
constituents are brought together, they can violently
react with each other. The surrounding atmospheric
temperature is often the catalyst for hypergolic
reactions, making hypergolic chemicals highly
unstable and unpredictable.
A device designed to produce a flame or a spark to
initiate an explosive train.
IED A device placed or fabricated in an improvised
manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious,
pyrotechnic or incendiary chemicals and designed to
destroy, incapacitate, harass or distract. It may
incorporate military stores, but is normally devised
from non-military components. Refers to a type of
IED incident that involves a complete functioning
device.
A measure of how long a dynamic load (including
both positive and negative pressure phases) stays
on a structure. The faster the detonation velocity,
the shorter the pressure wave or impulse time; the
slower the detonation velocity, the longer the
pressure wave or impulse time.
Weapons designed to start fires or destroy sensitive
equipment using fire (and sometimes used as anti-
personnel weaponry) that use materials such as
napalm, thermite, chlorine trifluoride, or white
phosphorus.
ICS Management system designed to enable effective
and efficient domestic incident management by
integrating a combination of facilities, equipment,
personnel, procedures, and communications
operating within a common organizational structure,
designed to enable effective and efficient domestic
incident management.
A resident and mobile course prepared by New
Mexico Tech focused on preparing first responders
to respond more effectively to terrorist bombing
incidents.
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Initial Law ILERSBA
Enforcement
Response to Suicide
Bombing Attacks
Initiator
Inspire Magazine
Irish Republican Army
Islamic State
Joint Terrorism Task JTTF
Force
Lead Federal Agency
Left-wing terrorism
Lithium
Lone Wolf Terrorism
Low Explosive
Low-order detonation
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Participant Guide
An 8-hour mobile course taught by New Mexico
Tech specifically for law enforcement.
Any component that may be used to start a
detonation to deflagration. An initiator will be
categorized as either a detonator or an igniter.
Al-Qaeda’s online propaganda magazine.
IRA A terrorist organization in northern Ireland that
pursued the end of British rule in Northern Ireland,
and the reunification of Ireland.
IS Jihadist terrorist organization, also know as Islamic
State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Islamic State of Iraq
and the Levant (ISIL), and Daesh.
There are 104 FBI Joint Terrorism Task Forces
around the country, where local, state, and federal
agencies work together to combat terrorism on a
regional scale.
LFA The federal agency that leads and coordinates the
overall federal response to an emergency.
Terrorist groups that generally adhere to a
communist or socialists ideology.
Li Powdered lithium can be used as an explosive
precursor. It is typically found in batteries and used
in the production of drugs.
A single person who commits violent acts in support
of some group, movement, or ideology, but who
does so alone, outside of any command structure
and without material assistance from any group.
LE A chemical compound or mixture that is designed to
deflagrate (rapid burn) and generally require
confinement to explode.
A detonation where the explosive materials is not
completely consumed due to improper configuration
of the device and its firing train or through
malfunction. This means that explosive materials or
residue could remain in the vicinity of the blast,
posing risks for first responders.
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Main Charge The explosive charge that is provided to accomplish

the end resulting in a munition. Examples for end
results are: bursting a casing to provide blast and
fragmentation; splitting a canister to dispense sub-
munitions; or producing other effects for which it
may be designed.
Medical MPRBI A 16-hour, two-day program taught in partnership
Preparedness and with New Mexico Tech (NMT) and Texas A&M
Response for Engineering Extension Service (TEEX). NMT staff
Bombing Incidents focus on the explosives and TEEX staff focus on the
medical treatment.
Memoranda of MOA Written document describing a cooperative
Agreement relationship between two organizations.
Memoranda of MOU Formal agreement between two or more
Understanding organizations.
Methyl ethyl ketone MEKP A peroxide-based homemade explosive variant very
peroxide similar to TATP.
Military Explosives Explosives manufactured for military use.
National Association NAACP Civil rights organization in the United States,
for the Advancement founded in 1909.
of Colored People

National Bomb Squad NBSCAB Serves as the leadership element of the U.S. Bomb
Commanders Squad program, giving strong advice to Federal
Advisory Board agencies that support bomb squads regarding
important bomb squad related issues and acting as
the final decision making authority on guidelines and
standards for the profession.
National Center for NCBRT Help America prevent, prepare for, respond to, and
Biomedical Research recover from acts of domestic and international
and Training at terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and high-
Louisiana State consequence events through teaching, training,
University technical assistance, and research.
National NCTC Serves as the primary organization in the United
Counterterrorism States Government (USG) for integrating and
Center analyzing all intelligence pertaining to
counterterrorism (except for information pertaining
exclusively to domestic terrorism).
National Disaster NDPTC Develops and delivers training and educational
Preparedness programs related to homeland security and disaster
Training Center at management, with a specific focus on natural
University of Hawaii hazards, coastal communities, and the special
needs and opportunities of islands and territories.

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National Domestic NDPC A partnership of several nationally recognized

Preparedness organizations whose membership is based on the
Consortium urgent need to address the counter-terrorism
preparedness needs of the nation’s emergency first
responders within the context of all hazards
including chemical, biological, radiological, and
explosive Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
hazards.
National Incident NIMS Is a systematic, proactive approach to guide
Management System departments and agencies at all levels of
government, nongovernmental organizations, and
the private sector to work together seamlessly and
manage incidents involving all threats
and hazards—regardless of cause, size, location, or
complexity—in order to reduce loss of life, property
and harm to the environment.
National Nuclear CTOS Prepares first responders to take immediate,
Security decisive action to prevent or mitigate terrorist use of
Administration/CtOS- radiological or nuclear WMDs, such as Improvised
Center for Nuclear Devices (INDs) and Radiological Dispersal
Radiological/Nuclear Devices (RDDs or “dirty bombs”).
Training at the
Nevada National
Security Site
Negative pressure A phase that occurs when the ambient pressure is
less than atmospheric pressure, thereby causing a
suction effect. The negative pressure phase follows
immediately after the positive phase, but lasts two to
three times longer.
New Mexico Tech NMT New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
University.
New York Police NYPD The largest law enforcement agency in the world.
Department
New York’s MTA The agency responsible for the public transportation
Metropolitan in New York City and its surrounding states and
Transportation jurisdictions.
Authority
Nitro methane NM An energetic hydrocarbon and well-known racing
fuel that can be mixed with oxidizers to make very
effective high explosives.
Nitrobenzene NB An energetic hydrocarbon the can be mixed with
oxidizers to make very effective high explosives.

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Nitroglycerine NG A heavy, colorless, oily, explosive liquid used as an

active ingredient in the manufacture of explosives,
mostly dynamite.
Non-electric An initiator that functions by other than electric
means (friction, chemical, impact).
Occupational Safety OSHA Assure safe and healthful working conditions for
and Health working men and women by setting and enforcing
Administration standards and by providing training, outreach,
education and assistance.
Oxidizer A compound that can support a chemical reaction,
resulting in a near-instantaneous release of energy.
When an oxidizer is combined with a fuel
component, an energetic material is produced.
Peak overpressure The highest point of overpressure.
Pentaerythritol PETN A secondary explosive.
tetranitrate
Person borne PBIED An IED worn, carried, or housed by a person, either
improvised explosive willingly or unwillingly.
device
Personal Protective PPE Equipment and clothing required to shield or isolate
Equipment personnel from the chemical, physical, thermal, and
biological hazards that may be encountered at a
hazardous materials incident. (National Fire
Protection Association [NFPA] Standard # 472)
Planning, equipping, PETE Four key elements required to prepare emergency
training, and response agencies to conduct safe and effective
exercising response operations at bombing incidents
Positive pressure Occurs when the blast creates a shock wave (a
wave greater than the atmospheric pressure, 14.7
psi) that moves rapidly from the seat of the
explosion. The shock wave pushes the air away
from the seat of the explosion, causing a positive
pressure phase.
Post-Traumatic PTSD A disorder that develops in some people who have
Stress Disorder seen or lived through a shocking, scary, or
dangerous event.
Potassium KMnO4 A component of a hypergolic mixture.
permanganate
Precursors Chemical substances that can be combined to
create homemade explosives.

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Prevention and PRSBI-T A course taught by New Mexico Tech in Playas,

Response to Suicide
Bombing Incidents –
Tactical
Prevention of and PRSBI
Response to Suicide
Bombing Incidents
Public Information
Officer
Radicalization
Radio Frequency
Radiological RDD
Dispersal Device
Recognize, Avoid, RAIN
Isolate, and Notify
Reflected pressure
Relative effectiveness
factor
Research RDX
Development
Explosive
(cyclotrimethylene
trinitramine)
Right-wing terrorism
Rocket-propelled RPGs
grenades
NM.
A resident course taught by New Mexico Tech in
Socorro, NM.
PIO Gathers, verifies, coordinates, and disseminates
accurate, accessible, and timely information on the
incident’s cause, size, and current situation;
resources committed; and other matters of general
interest for both internal and external use.
Process of adopting an extremist system of values
combined with expressing approval, support for, or
use of violence and intimidation as a method of
achieving changes in society or encouraging others
to such acts.
RF The frequency of transmitting waves for a given
broadcast.
An improved assembly or process, other than a
nuclear explosive device, designed to disseminate
radioactive material in order to cause destruction,
damage, or injury.
Concept used by first responders to quickly gather
and process information in order to facilitate life
safety measures in a terrorist bombing incident.
The term used to describe what occurs when
incident pressure (positive or negative) impacts and
reflects off a structure.
RE The relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is
equivalent. It assigns a value of one to TNT.
An explosive used in blasting caps and detonator
cords, or mixed with other ingredients or explosives
to make base or main charges.
Motivated by notions of white racial supremacy, as
well as anti-government and anti-regulatory beliefs.
A portable shoulder-held weapon.

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Shock front The forward boundary surface or leading edge of a

shock wave.
Shock wave A region of abrupt change of pressure and density
moving as a wave at or above the velocity of sound,
caused by an intense explosion or supersonic flow
over an object.
Shrapnel effect Nails or shot placed in or around a device or pieces
of material from the environment surrounding the
seat of the explosion (such as containers,
structures, and vehicles) that scatter outwards from
an exploding bomb.
Special interest Characterized by activities directed for or against a
terrorism specific cause.
Special weapons and SWAT Police units that use special equipment and tactics
tactics
Standard Operating SOP Established or prescribed methods to be
Procedure followed routinely for the performance of
designated operations or in designated
situations
Switch, Initiator, Main SIMPCE Components that make up an improvised explosive
charge, Power device (IED).
supply, Container,
and Enhancements
Tactical Emergency TECC Best practice recommendations for casualty
Casualty Care management during high threat civilian tactical and
rescue operations.
Technical Resource TripWire Department of Homeland Security’s free, online
for Incident information sharing resource on IED incidents,
Prevention tactics, techniques, and procedures, as well as
corresponding IED prevention and protective
measures.
Technical Support TSWG A government agency that Identifies, prioritizes, and
Working Group coordinates interagency and international research
and development (R&D) requirements for
combating terrorism.
Terminal learning TLO The overall learning objective for a specific block of
objective instruction.
Terrorism The unlawful use of force or violence against
persons or property to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civilian population, or any segment
thereof, in furtherance of political or social
objectives.

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Terrorist Screening TSC Multi-agency organization, administered by the FBI,

Center that maintains a 24/7 Operations Center which
maintains and operates the U.S. Government’s
consolidated Terrorist Screening Database (TSDB),
often referred to as the “Terrorist Watchlist,” and
serves as a bridge between law enforcement,
Homeland Security, the Intelligence Community, and
international partners.
Texas A&M TEEX Founding member of the National Domestic
Engineering NERRTC Preparedness Consortium (NDPC), which provides
Extension Service, training in eleven core competency areas across the
National Emergency community: cybersecurity, crisis communications,
Response and executive and elected officials education, hazardous
Rescue Training materials awareness and operations, health and
Center medical services, incident management,
infrastructure protection, search and rescue, threat
and risk assessment, and training gap analyses and
public works.
Office for Bombing OBP Leads the Department of Homeland Security’s
Prevention (DHS) efforts to implement the National Policy for
Countering Improvised Explosive Devices (National
Counter-IED policy) and enhance the nation’s ability
to prevent, protect against, respond to, and mitigate
the use of explosives against critical infrastructure;
the private sector; and federal, state, local, tribal,
and territorial entities.
Threat suppression, THREAT The Hartford Consensus recommends that an
hemorrhage control, integrated active shooter response should include
rapid extraction to the critical actions contained in the acronym
safety, assessment THREAT.
by medical providers,
transport to definitive
care
Time Fuse / Safety A pyrotechnic mixture contained in a flexible,
Fuse weatherproof sheath burning at a timed and
constant rate; used to transmit a flame to the
detonator or a low explosive charge with a
predetermined delay.
Time power unit TPU A component of an IED that has both the timer and
power source combined to initiate an IED.
Transportation TSA Federal agency designated with Protecting the
Security nation's transportation systems to ensure freedom of
Administration movement for people and commerce.

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Transportation TTCI National Domestic Preparedness Consortium

Technology Center, member, which provides training for first responders
Inc. in the area of surface transportation security and
emergency response.
Traveler Enforcement TECS Prevents terrorists and terrorist weapons from
Compliance System entering the United States and to facilitate entry and
exit for law-abiding travelers.
Triacetone triperoxide TATP An explosive made with hydrogen peroxide. TATP
was used to carry out the 2005 London bombings.
Trinitrotoluene TNT The standard military explosive against which all
other explosives are measured. It requires the shock
from a detonator to initiate. TNT is often mixed with a
variety of energetic materials to form other explosive
compounds.
U.S. Fire USFA Federal Agency which provides leadership,
Administration coordination, and support for the nation’s fire
prevention and control, fire training and education,
and emergency medical services activities, and to
prepare first responders and health care leaders to
react to all hazard and terrorism emergencies of all
kinds.
Understanding and UPSBI A four-hour, mobile delivery course taught by New
Planning for School Mexico Tech. The content is also available as an
Bomb Incidents online course.
Unified Command UCS Consists of the incident commanders from various
System jurisdictions or organizations operating together to
form a single command structure.
Unmanned aerial UAV Unmanned remote controlled aircraft used for
vehicles observing or reconnaissance of a specific location or
incident.
Urea nitrate A type of fertilizer-based explosive.
Vehicle borne VBIED An IED delivered by or concealed in a ground-based
improvised explosive vehicle.
device

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Weapon of mass WMD Any explosive, incendiary, poison gas, bomb,

destruction grenade, or rocket having a propellant charge of
more than four ounces, a missile having an explosive
or incendiary charge or more than one-quarter
ounce, or a mine or device similar to the above;
poison gas; any weapon involving a disease
organism; any weapon that is designated to release
radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to
human life.

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